Intelligence Collection

Intelligence Collection
Methods of Intelligence Collection and Analysis
Intelligence is one of the first lines of defense used by the United States to protect the Country
against both foreign and domestic threats (Johnson, 2010). There are many ways and methods of
intelligence collections employed by the intelligence community such as "spies, eavesdropping,
technical sources, and openly available materials" etc (Clark, 2013). Method used also depends on
many factors such as available resources, time, agency involved, and intelligence collection source.
U.S Intelligence agencies use different collection and analytical method that suit their collection
function, structure and pro¬cess. For example, DNI/OSC relies on open source (OSINT), CIA uses
human intelligence (HUMINT) tactic, DIA uses measurements and signatures intelligence
(MASINT), NSA employs signals intelligence (SIGINT), and NGA utilizes imagery intelligence
(IMINT) techniques for their intelligence collections (Clark, 2013).
In most cases these INTs community compete among each other to provide needed intelligence
information to policy makers to justify their budgetary allocations (Lowenthal, 2014). However,
intelligence collection can be divided into five main categories referred to as "intelligence collection
disciplines" or the "INTs". These include Human Intelligence (HUMINT), Signals Intelligence ...
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This method of intelligence e collection has advantage of easy accessibility of intelligence
information. For instance, one can access bunch of information from browsing the World Wide Web
or social media. CIA is responsible for collecting, producing, and promoting open source
intelligence through its management of the DNI Open Source Center (OSC), (Central Intelligence
Agency,
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Intelligence : Intelligence Data Collection Programs
Intelligence Data Collection Programs To effectively analyze programs, intentions and ideological
motives of Hezbollah several collection programs of the five types could be utilized to gather
intelligence on Hezbollah. Collected information must undergo further conversion before it reaches
the analysis phase to be used against Hezbollah (Gay, 2005) First, Open Source Intelligence
(OSINT) could be used to gather intelligence information from open sources such as websites,
social media sources, publishing's and news outlets in the Middle East and even other countries
where Hezbollah has an influence or followers. OSINT can be gathered in Palestinian enclaves in
other countries as well.
Signals Intelligence (SIGINT) is the collection of information from internet, cellphone, radar, laser,
and high–tech electronic warfare emitters and sensors (Gay, 2005). SIGINT could be used to
intercept communications between Hezbollah leaders and commanders in the field to Hezbollah
command centers in Lebanon. SIGINT can also be intercepted with leaders and influencers in Iran
and Syria focusing on Hezbollah funding sources, political support, weapons movements and
counterintelligence measures against the Israelis. Imagery Intelligence (IMINT) could be used to
identify the suspected weapons movements from Syria to forward positions in Lebanon. Weapons
pipelines from Damascus Syria to Lebanon could be vulnerable to drone and satellite imagery as
most weapons supplied by Iran come

Pros And Cons Of Al Shabaab
Some experts and analysts were under the notion that al Shabaab was trending down. Except that
merely one week ago, two events transpired that should put those misaligned prognostications to
rest. First, al Shabaab recaptured the key port city of Merca, and second, they are also suspected of
being responsible for an explosion aboard a Daallo Airlines flight from Mogadishu to Djibouti. The
explosion tore a hole in the fuselage and sucked one man's charred body out of the plane. These two
events occurring within the span of a week suggest that al Shabaab is most certainly not trending
down. Al Shabaab's recent flexing of muscle, combined with it's transnational capabilities to commit
terrorist acts, illustrates that this terrorist group deserves an elevated importance among the US
intelligence community (IC) and requires increased intelligence resources to ... Show more content
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It can be obtained through a variety of sources like newspapers, television, published material, and
the wide array of internet materials, reports, videos, and most notably social media. OSINT provides
not only national exposure, but global coverage as well, and due to the relatively low cost of
collecting OSINT, all of the intelligence agencies can take advantage of this process. As quoted in a
2014 article titled OSINT from Birth to Professionalization, today OSINT "makes up approximately
80–90 percent of the total information needed to produce an analysis or assessment of the situation"
(qtd. in Sebe, 2014, p. 249). The collection of OSINT is cost effective, the information is not
classified thereby enabling the widest dissemination possible, it can draw from multiple resources,
and also incorporates elements of GEOINT and IMINT with respect to maps and photos. Since al
Shabaab and individual terrorists are indisputably aware that certain websites and the internet is
monitored, some techniques in gathering reliable OSINT are

The Los Zetas : Mexican Transnational Criminal...
The Los Zetas is a Mexican transnational criminal organization specializing in drug and human
trafficking that has extended across the Texas and Arizona borders with recent expansion in the
South and Midwest. They are a paramilitary group specializing in violent behavior that has crossed
the Mexican/American border to include recruitment of United States young citizens. Because it is
not a matter of when the Zetas will breach our border areas, but how forcefully and repeatedly, a
Red Cell analysis is imperative to understand their criminal mindset and predict their imminent and
future intentions. Penetration beyond our borders has already occurred not only with the shipment of
drugs, but also by way of attacks on U.S. law enforcement and recruitment of U.S. youth to carry
out their dirty work within the U.S. borders. Why Red Cell Analysis? Since the intent is to predict
the enemy's next move, it's necessary to ensure the analysts do not fall into the "mirror–imaging"
trap by making sure they immerse themselves or, better yet, come from the same cultural,
organizational, and personal experiences as is shared by the Los Zetas to ensure the analysts are
thinking in the same manner (Tradecraft Primer, 2009, 31). The goal (since this group is such a
hostile and violent group operating under extremely different ethical codes and motivations) is to
avoid projecting personal motives, values, cultural norms, rationale, and understanding of issues
onto the analysis which calls

Edward Joseph Snowden's Influence On American Citizens
Before the world of internet and computation, intelligence were mainly gathered from a person on
the field. This discipline of intelligence gathering also known as human intelligence is still in use in
today's world, but it is backed up by modern technological intelligence gathering disciplines.
Modern intelligence collection were mostly introduced due to the improvement in today's world
technologies. In today's world, governments and organizations use a combination of different
possible disciplines available to gather intelligence. Intelligence gathering disciplines such as human
intelligence, geospatial intelligence, and cyber intelligence are used together to serve and protect
governments and organization's interests.
In the race to serve ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some of the documents have been leaked to the public through newspaper like The Guardian and
Washington Post. A question was raised on how a single person can steal a large amount of
document without NSA's knowledge. Not every NSA contractor or subcontractor can have access to
such big amount of classified document, but privileged employees with high security clearance such
as system administrators can. With 40,000 employees, the NSA had nearly 1000 system
administrators among which Snowden was. Someone trusted with such privilege can do a large
harm if he or she decide so. It is believed that not only Snowden's privileges as a system
administrator gave him the access he had to classified documents, but also co–workers privileges
were used. According to Reuters, the international news agency, Snowden may have convinced
somewhere around 20 and 25 colleagues at the NSA regional operations center in Hawaii to give
him their credentials by letting them know they were required for him to carry out his duties as a
computer system administrator (Hosenball and Strobel, 2013). Here comes the principles and ethics
of a privileged user such as a system

Intelligence, Terrorism, And Terrorism
Introduction
Homeland security is all about ensuring the safety and security of the United States (U.S.) and its
citizens. It was apparent that the attacks of September 11, 2001 were lack of intelligence. Since then,
the U.S. has given great emphasis of intelligence to prevent terrorist events such as 9/11 from
happening again. Homeland security has emplaced variety of efforts in order for the U.S. to address
safety and security issues as well as in addressing the ever–growing threats of terrorism both
physical and cyber. Gathering intelligence is vital in preventing and responding to acts of terrorism
and other activities that may cause harm to the U.S. and its citizens. There are numerous intelligence
agencies that were brought together to form the Intelligence Community (IC). These agencies gather
and analyze information turning it to intelligence that is useful with the prevention and deterrence to
all forms of acts of terrorism. Intelligence are proven to prevent crimes and many experts believe
that intelligence has the potential to prevent terrorism. This paper will address the intelligence
capabilities as well as the limitations, issues and challenges of intelligence in supporting homeland
security efforts.
Capabilities
The U.S. put greater emphasis on intelligence since September 11, 2001 events. The Department of
Homeland Security (DHS) was established and soon after the IC. The IC consists of multiple federal
agencies such as the Office of the

Emnic Case Study
The Emni's funding
The Emni receives a substantial share of the Islamic States budget, which is used for propaganda
and paying informants and its operatives. Until 2017, funding did not appear to be any concern to
the ISIS Emni and there are little indications that the money flow has decreased significantly. In
2015 and 2016, Abdelhamid Abaaoud, who played a significant part in the Paris and Brussel attack,
had significant monetary resources to travel, rent apartments, facilitate other ISIS member's moves,
and purchase fake legal documentation, weapons, and other necessary supplies to conduct the terror
operation. According to French Intelligence, Abaaoud selected members who could pay as much as
EURO $50,000 each, to participate in the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Due to increased Western SIGINT, HUMINT, and IMINT, efforts to identify recruits in their
homelands and placing surveillance on them from the time they leave the country until they return,
the Islamic State has begun instructing foreigners to book holiday vacations to nearby countries,
such as Turkey, with a return flight, but instead of returning they quickly move the recruits into
Syria and provide explosives and weapons training before quickly shuttling them back to their
homeland to await further orders. In many cases, the new operatives have discovered that life within
the Islamic State was not for them and have been interviewed by Western and European HUMINT
intelligence agents who further exploit the information for follow up tasking. (Speckhard and Yayla,
2017).
Emni's Use and Control of Communication
Although ISIS is well known for its cyber capabilities, in Iraq and Syria, Emni closely monitors
incoming and outgoing communications. After gaining territory, ISIS sets up "internet post offices"
that is available for use by its fighters and the locals. ISIS uses their IT staff to monitor the
communications with apps and through individuals who are positioned in the post offices. ISIS has
not developed a capable cellular SIGINT capability, and ISIS operatives may use mobile devices to
contact outside sources and family through the use of encrypted apps such as WhatsApp and
Telegram. The use of these apps make SIGINT collection nearly impossible

Seal Team 6 History
Al Qaeda began with the recruitment of members of the Afghan army who Osama met and
perceived to be obedient and loyal. The goal of the organization was to create one unified Islamic
State and to spread the jihadist cause throughout the world. Al Qaeda claimed "responsibility for
killing tourists in Egypt, and in 1998 they bombed the U.S. embassies in Nairobi, Kenya, and
Tanzania, killing nearly 300 people in the process" ("Osama bin Laden"). However, Osama did not
expect the U.S. to have their own team of specialists. Seal Team 6 was developed as "a
counterterrorist team that could operate under the utmost secrecy" (Minute Help Guides 6). Hybrids
between soldier and spy, Seal Team 6 is "one of the nation's most mythologized, most secretive ...
Bin Laden was given the nickname Jackpot and his capture or death was nicknamed Geronimo, to
symbolize "the Chiricahua Apache who had defied the American government for a long time
escaping the noose a number of times" (Bhonsle 30). The mission began in an airfield in Jalalabad,
Afghanistan. Two MH–60 Black Hawk helicopters took off carrying 23 Navy Seals and were able to
sneak through the Pakistani Airspace without being noticed (Schmidle). Upon the first helicopter's
landing in the compound,its tail snaps off and it crashes around 1:00 am. The helicopter descends at
quicker rate than expected due to the high walls of the compound and the air temperature.
"Overhead, the engines, which had been humming, now seemed to screamed as they tried to beat the
air into submission to stay aloft" (Maurer and Owen 7).The team's cover is now blown. Thankfully
no one was injured, but a sudden change in plans is now needed. Luckily, the Seals were prepared
for this. In an interview with Fox News, O'Neill says "we are also smart enough to know that the
only time the perfect plan works is in the planning, but once you leave, Murphy shows up and
everything changes" (qtd. "Robert O'Neill"). The second helicopter, originally intended to hover
over the roof of the main building while members of the team rappel down, must now land along
with the first helicopter. The courier, al–Kuwaiti, opens fire from the guest house on the
commandos, soldiers trained to carry out raids; he is shot and killed, along with his wife who was
caught in the crossfire. The team now makes their way to the main house. They blow open the front
door in addition to the wall behind it and are met by al–Kuwaiti's brother, ready to fire a weapon. He
is shot and killed immediately. On their way up the stairs, bin Laden's son, Khalid, is shot and killed
after lunging at the Seal

Human Intelligence Collection Essay
Human Intelligence (HUMINT) is as old as humanity, and to this day is one of, if not the best
method of collecting information, because of the potential quantity and diversity of information that
can be collected through this discipline. It is a method to gather information through interpersonal
relations. In this assignment I will explain the difference between overt and clandestine HUMINT
operations, present which Intelligence Community members use HUMINT and describe their
principal methods. Lastly, I will offer my opinion as to whether I believe overt or clandestine
HUMINT is more effective.
The most important difference between overt and clandestine HUMINT operations is legality: most
countries consider intelligence collection by ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
On the other hand, allowing clandestine collection in Libya would make more sense, as their
freedom of press is significantly restricted, severely limiting the scope of overt collection within its
borders. Lastly, because of the danger involved with clandestine operations, the use of information
overtly collected should be used as an indicator to which important information specifically requires
the planning and execution of clandestine collection.
All Intelligence Community (IC) Members use HUMINT derived products, although some members
may not be involved in the collection process. The CIA is the IC member responsible for clandestine
collection operation, as their Case Officers' duty is explicitly to recruit foreign entities into
committing espionage against their respective governments. In more rare cases other members of the
intelligence community may participate in clandestine collection operations, although these
instances are mainly opportunistic rather than planned out. For example: during the first days of the
invasion of Iraq, it in not unlikely that a military member may have been able to approach an Iraqi
official and offered him security guarantees in return for information on high value

Human Intelligence Research Papers
Intelligence is one of the most valuable aspects of the United States' to the national security. It
provides a foundation for the national policy and decision makers within the United States
government, and Intelligence Community (IC). The five basic collection components are (HUMINT,
SIGINT, IMINT, GEOINT, and OSINT) which, allows for a variety of different forms of the
collection in order to execute the overall mission. In order to understand how intelligence is
important to the national security and policy makers, one must understand the intelligence process
and the collection components.
Human Intelligence (HUMINT) is defined as any information that can be gathered by human
sources. The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is best known for its National Clandestine Service
(NCS), for which is responsible for the collection of HUMINT. Human Intelligence is collected
through various ways. The CIA states the main avenues for collection are: "Clandestine acquisition
of photography, documents, and other materials, Overt collection by people overseas, Debriefing of
foreign nationals and U.S. citizens who travel abroad, and Official contacts with foreign
governments" (cia.gov). HUMINT is and can be used in its raw form in order to make important
decisions when ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
IMINT is used with other collection disciplines such as SIGINT in order to provide analysts with a
picture of the environment being targeted. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are among the most
used aspects to IMINT. They provide aerial photography and real–time images. IMINT has played a
critical role in the Intelligence world for decades. During the Cold War, U–2s and SR–71 spy planes
gave information of Soviet missiles and bombers for national policymakers. The "National
Reconnaissance Office (NRO) is in charge of building high–level satellites that give analysts high–
resolution images"

Domestic Surveillance
I. Background
Just weeks after 9/11, the executive branch of the government began a massive expansion of
domestic surveillance with very little debate or transparency (Lichtblau, 2008). This apparatus was
left to grown in secret, almost completely unchecked by the other 2 branches of government for the
last 15 years. In that time, the National Security Administration (NSA) grew from tapping a few
phones, to effectively spying on an entire planet by infiltrating the infrastructure of worldwide
communications networks. The facts that have come to light about the extensive domestic
surveillance and storage capabilities of our Information and Data Systems (IDS) raise very
important fundamental questions of the ability of the governed and the constitution ... Show more
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The outcome of Jewel vs the NSA will be a pivotal moment for IDS policy, marking the first time
SCOTUS will hear a case involving the NSA since the massive expansion of IDS surveillance
systems post 9/11. The ruling has the potential to drastically change the policy terrain because the
plaintiffs are suing the government and specific individuals complicit in the creation of the system.
Because of the constitutional implications, the stakes are inherently high. The case argues that the
government violated the 1st and 4th amendments in addition to: the '78 FISAAct, 3 violations of the
Electronic Communications Privacy Act and Stored Communications Act, and the 1949
Administrative Procedures Act. The defense also claims a violation of the constitutional principle of
separation of powers (EFF, 2008a). A ruling in favor of Jewel could open the program to a wide
range of public investigation and opportunities for more civilian oversight within

National Security And Homeland Security
Intelligence deals with the process in which specific types of information has been collected,
analyzed, refined and provided to the policy makers, so that it will be useful to them in decisions
making about potential threats to national security and homeland security (Lowenthal, 2014, p. 10).
U.S Government has been benefiting from Intelligence information since the beginning of the
country, despite the fact that many people thought that U.S intelligence emanated as a result of cold
war (Federation of American Scientists, 1996). For instance, the Office of Naval Intelligence was
created in March 1882 followed by the formation of the Military Intelligence Division three years
later, charged to collect foreign and domestic military data (Federation of American Scientists,
1996). Other intelligence units in the early republic include the first U.S. Army signals intelligence
("MI–8) formed in 1917; the Justice Department 's Bureau of Investigation created in 1908.
However, U. S Intelligence witnessed tremendous transformation due to events that happens as
results of intelligence failures. Chiefly among them was the Japanese surprise attack on Pearl
Harbor in 1941. The aftermath of this lead to the creation of the National Intelligence Authority, a
Central Intelligence Group in 1946; and subsequently enacted into law the National Security Act of
1947 that served as the organizational basis for the US conduct of the Cold War. The 1947 act also
established the Central

Analysis Of The Article ' The Constitution '
The Constitution was written over 200 years ago with the intent to establish a guideline or laws for
the government. However, over the years, and with changing times, those Bill of Rights have been
challenged. With a diverse society and unique cultural makeup, the United States Constitution has
been interpreted in many fashions. This has led to civil disputes of constitutional rights. A good
example of this can be seen in an article I read about an Amish man who wanted to purchase a gun.
However, gun laws mandate that an individual must have a photo ID to purchase a gun, and Amish
do not take photos. Andrew Hertzler is an Amish man in Pennsylvania who has filed a federal
lawsuit claiming his religious beliefs would be violated if took a ... Show more content on
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I understand with strict laws on purchasing guns, and the continuing violence, no exceptions
can/will be made. However, how can you tell someone that they have to choose between what rights
they want violated? The Amendments are clear, and revisions should not take precedence over
individual rights outlined by our forefathers. We cannot pick and choose what Amendment we want
to upheld with changing times. A second article I read was about a middle school being replaced in
Oceanside by a charter school. The parents of the students are arguing that the new school will be
bias because of its strict requirements. The middle school is being replaced with the charter school
due to a decline in enrollment. The parents fear that the transition will push the students out of the
school, and force. The charter school requires a 2.0 GPA and auditions. The parents and school
board claim that they will not have a fear opportunity with their education. The ACLU has
intervened and calls the move "unlawful" and also lacks in providing equal education (Alford,
2015). The parents feel that this will violate the constitution and go against their rights to equal
education In this particular case I feel as if the Bill of Rights has been upheld. I do not think there is
anything wrong with replacing a school that will allow more opportunities to other children.
Regardless if the school was replaced, it still lacked enrollment. The fact that a new charter

Terrorism: Intelligence and National Security
Counter Terrorism and Intelligence Framework
HSM 433 Counter Terrorism & Intelligence Analysis
January 14, 2012
Counter Terrorism and Intelligence Framework Terrorism is the warfare of the future. The battlefield
has changed and it will take professional intelligence agencies to gather information about these
unorthodox combatants. To help fight the war on terror, intelligence corporations must be present.
However, some of the agencies can be combined with others to make a "super agency". Three
agencies that currently play a major role in the battle on terrorism will be the Federal Bureau of
Investigations (FBI), Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), and the Defense Intelligence Agency
(DIA). Discussion will be given on which ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(Richelson, 2011)
Further, the CIA cannot collect foreign intelligence on U.S. citizens. Only special circumstances can
CIA assets be used to gather information domestically and it takes the approval from senior
leadership. Another CIA downfall is that the agency does not have arrest authority and must rely on
local law enforcement or other federal agencies to fulfill any arrest requirement. The third
organization that will be part of the "super agency" is the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA). The
primary function of the DIA is to provide military intelligence information to the Department of
Defense and its leaders (About DIA, 2012). The DIA was created due to the fact that all the military
branches had their own intelligence divisions. In the late 1950's a study group was created to study
all the military intelligence agencies. The group concluded that each of the military intelligence
branches duplicated the same work costing the tax payers millions of dollars. The recommendation
from the group was to have one centralized military intelligence division thus the creation of the
DIA was formed (Richelson, 2011). Now that a little background has been laid about the agencies
that will be utilized in the creation of the United States super intelligence agencies the framework
can now be laid. First and foremost the agencies would keep their actually

Diagnostic Methods
The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIS or ISIL) was established in April 2004. They are not a
legitimate military and because of that can be hard to separate them from normal civilians at time.
They are really tech savvy and are able to recruit sympathizers to conduct attacks on foreign soil.
The intelligence community needs to work even harder to get information on ISIS. There are five
main ways of collecting intelligence that are available to the US Intelligence Community: Human
Intelligence (HUMINT), Signals Intelligence (SIGINT), Imagery Intelligence (IMINT),
Measurement and Signatures Intelligence (MASINT), and Open–Source Intelligence (OSINT). Not
all members of the intelligence community are good collectors of intelligence for ... Show more
"Diagnostic techniques are primarily aimed at making analytic arguments, assumptions, or
intelligence gaps more transparent, contrarian techniques explicitly challenge current thinking, and
imaginative thinking techniques aim at developing new insights, different perspectives and/or
develop alternative outcomes." (US Government, 2009). In the diagnostic technique category there
are: key assumptions check, quality of information check, indicators or signposts of change, analysis
of competing hypothesis. In the contrarian techniques category there are: devil's advocacy, team
a/team b, high–impact/low–probability analysis, and "what if?" analysis. In the imaginative thinking
techniques category there are: brainstorming, outside–in thinking, red team analysis, and alternative
futures analysis. It is really hard to say which technique is the best suited for intelligence against
ISIS. Since each piece of intelligence that comes in can be different from the next one and that each
analyst thinks differently than another, it can be said that one technique that is good for one situation
and person is not good for the

Combat Support Agencies : Civilian Force Of The Future
Combat Support Agencies' Civilian Force of the Future
General Clapper, the United States Director of National Intelligence, recently briefed the Senate
Armed Services Committee on the worldwide threat assessment. His brief addressed the
implications of technology on national security, and characteristics of the nation's leading threat
actors that include China, Russia, Iran, North Korea, as well as non–state actors. The entirety of the
briefing demonstrates that the United States will face numerous increasingly complex national
security challenges into the foreseeable future. In a speech at George Washington University in
November of 2015, the United States Secretary of Defense Ashton Carter also addressed challenges
facing the United States, stating that the security of the US depends on a force better than it is today.
This force not only includes the military services, but also extends to the civilian workforce of the
combat support agencies, upon which this paper focuses. The vision of the future force is one that
can quickly adapt and achieve success in a sophisticated, highly–technical and rapidly changing
environment; maximize the benefits of commercial technology development; and address global
military competition to defend the nation and make the world a better place.
To ensure that the force of the future will have the capability to meet its demands, combat support
agencies within the Department of Defense must have the right people with the right

Homeland Security
Introduction On September 11, 2011, the United States was rocked with a terrorist attack unlike any
other to its date or since. As a nation we grieved and mourned the loss of those that died that day and
in the following days from the event. While terrorism was nothing new on this date, terrorism has
been around in some form or another since the time man began inhabiting the earth. Terrorism has
never been something that the US has been free from, but it is something that the US viewed very
differently from that date on. Security At Home Department of Homeland Security Just days after
the 9/11 attack, Pennsylvania Governor Tom Ridge, was appointed in the White House as the first
Director of the Office of Homeland Security. A few years later, ... Show more content on
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Our general public is suspicious of interruptions on individual freedoms. Ordered character cards,
limited vehicle access and irregular inquiries of carrier travelers are for the most part not generally
welcomed. That makes it particularly essential to forestall terrorist assaults by forbidding the
terrorists and their assets before they can achieve their targets. The essential method for fulfilling
this is through a mixture of intelligence and law requirement work. Military intelligence extensions
have been greatly successful while operating in different nations with the utilization of various types
of intelligence: Human Intelligence (HUMINT), Geospatial Intelligence (GEOINT), Measurement
and Signature Intelligence (MASINT), Open Source Intelligence (OSINT), Strategic Intelligence
(STRATINT), Signals Intelligence (SIG– INT), and Technical Intelligence (TECHINT). Essentially
expressed, and diminished to the most reduced shared element, intelligence is data of the world
about

The Intelligence Community Of The United States
The intelligence community of the United States is a large, robust and bureaucratic system. From
this community though, the national objectives of the United States are supported through their
gathering and analytical capabilities. The following paper will highlight the intelligence agencies of
the Federal government as well as state and local agencies that make up the intelligence community.
Within these entities are programs that develop intelligence for use in protecting the homeland as
well as analyzing intelligence from across the broad intelligence community spectrum. Along with
this information, an overview of the 9/11 Commissions report on intelligence sharing
recommendations will be looked at. Finally the domestic and foreign intelligence issue will be
defined and addressed. From these discussions the overall capabilities and limitations of intelligence
and the intelligence community will be seen through the aspect of supporting the efforts of securing
the homeland. The overall picture of intelligence community, in regards to departments at the
national level, can be surmised as large and robust. The intelligence community at the national level
is comprised of 16 separate agencies that all develop and support their own objectives. The Office of
the Director Of National Intelligence (ODNI) oversees the 16 agencies, which make up the national
intelligence agencies. The Director of National Intelligence (DNI) heads this. Under the DNI are
program managers,

ISIS Research Paper
One international terrorist organization likely to conduct a terrorist attack in the United States is the
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, also known as ISIL or ISIS. ISIS isn't just an organization
likely to conduct a terrorist attack in the United States, but a terrorist organization who has already
done so and won't continue to stop. It seems recently that ISIS has been claiming public attacks and
attack attempts. For example, just recently a terrorist attack was thwarted on a train to Paris, where
military members stopped a gunman before they were able to kill anyone. The Islamic State of Iraq
and the Levant has been around since approximately 2004 and has gone by many other names since
then. ISIS is a well–organized group and uses ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant are more commonly known to the public as ISIS, they also
referred to ISIS by media corporations as well. ISIS has combined with a few terrorist groups in the
past but has also not made friends with other groups. "Finally, in April 2013, the leader of the ISI,
Abu Bakr al–Baghdadi, announced in an audio message that his group merged with Jabhat al–Nusra
(JN) in Syria to form the "Islamic State in Iraq and al–Sham.""(Price, 2014). It was also noted in the
same article that because they merged with another group that it did not sit well with other people
and groups. ISIS appears to have a history with groups coming and going into the mix. While it's not
very known what their ideology is, you can very well establish your own perception based off their
actions. Just based off incidents I have seen in the past and recently, they are very violent and will
attack anyone who isn't on their side from civilians to military personnel. "ISIL's goal is to solidify
and expand its control of territory and govern by implementing its violent interpretation of sharia
law. The group aspires to overthrow governments in the

Regional Alignment Definition
Army Regional Alignment of Forces (RAF) Being at war for the last 14 years the Army now finds it
has the best trained and the most combat experienced force in its history. However, the intense focus
on a relatively small number of mission sets such as irregular warfare detracts resources for the
other missions required by Geographic Combatant Commander (GCC). To address this shortfall, the
Chief of Staff of the Army General Ray Odierno directed implementation of the Regional Alignment
of Forces (RAF) concept as means to address Combatant Command's (CCMD) requirements.
Regional alignment of Army units provides the GCC assigned units for a dedicated period , capable
of executing myriad of specified missions as outlined in their Lines of Effort ... Show more content
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Mission focus creates excellent training opportunities and allows the Soldiers to perform their duties
much like they did while deployed. For example, the Geospatial Imagery analysts 35G conduct Live
Environment Training (LET) at their home station where they process targets allocated off the
ASCC target deck. Daily the Soldiers work their targets and pass the information back to the Theater
Intelligence Brigade (TIB). The theater Geospatial Planning Cell (GPC) do much of the same, now
utilize the division and brigade Geospatial Analysts 12Y to update the theater geospatial database.
The LET relationship provides the ASCC additional manpower to work lower priority requirements
while providing training opportunities to the units. Soldiers spend more time doing their job and less
time "cutting

Dod Financial Management Regulation (Volume 2A)
According to DoD Financial Management Regulation Volume 2A, Chapter 1, O&M and MILPERS
are considered expenses. Procurement and Military Construction appropriations are considered
investments. RDT&E includes both characteristics of expenses and investments (p. 1–10). An
agency may use O&M funds to purchase equipment without violating the Purpose Statute if an
agency uses the funds to procure an equipment that is considered expense and is under the threshold
of $250,000, and the equipment is not designated for centralized management and asset control in
accordance with DoD FMR Vol 2A, CH 1, para 010201(D) and 2013 Fiscal Law Deskbook, Chapter
2, para F According to Anti–deficiency Act Reports – Fiscal Year 2010, National Geospatial–
Intelligence

An Internal Central Intelligence Agency
After the September 11th terrorist attacks on U.S soil many gaps were identified in our domestic and
international intelligence programs. An internal Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) investigation
revealed that CIA Task Forces failed to share information with the FBI about two suspected
terrorists, Nawaf al–Hazmi and Khalid al–Mihdhar, as they entered the United States (9/11
Commission Report). The U.S Intelligence Community is made up of 15 different agencies, offices,
and organizations within the Executive branch. There are 8 components in the Department of
Defense, two in the department of Homeland Security, and one in each of the separate State, Energy,
Treasury, and Justice departments, and one independent agency, the CIA (COICUS, ... Show more
The United States Intelligence community
Often referred to as "those three letter agencies", by boots on the ground door kickers who action the
intelligence they provide; the U.S Intelligence community is a vast collection of agencies,
departments within departments, organizations, specialty programs, and think tanks. There are X
components that make up the Federal Intelligence community;
1. Independent component: Solely comprised of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), this
independent component principally collects intelligence through human means. The CIA focuses on
analysis of topics related to national security and provides products and Intel to national
policymakers, defense planners, law enforcement officials, and the military services. The CIA the
U.S's overseas counterintelligence tool and undertakes special activities at the direction of the
President. (COICUS, 2005 APP C). 2. Department of Defense Components: The "alphabet soup"
that makes up

Information Sharing Between The Intelligence Community
Introduction According to a white paper conducted by the Intelligence Committee of the Armed
Forces Communications and Electronics Association (AFCEA), both law enforcement and
intelligence organizations recognize the need to collaborate, share, and exchange information.
However, the events leading up to 9/11 document how the legal and artificial boundaries between
them created a serious impediment to protecting the country. First this paper will discuss some of
the reasoning and initiatives behind the development of information sharing between the
Intelligence Community (IC) and law enforcement agencies; and this paper will also discuss the
similarities and difference between Title 50 United States Code (U.S.C.) intelligence activities to
law enforcement information gathering/sharing. Apparently, the consensus is that, the IC and the law
enforcement agencies need to share more information, that include operational strategies and
tactics–especially those focused on transnational issues such as terrorism, drugs, counterintelligence,
and weapons of mass destruction–needed to be better integrated. In hopes of improving information
sharing between the IC and law enforcement agencies, Congress passed the Intelligence Reform and
Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 (IRTPA), and also established a new position of the Director of
National Intelligence (DNI). The position of DNI replaced the Director of the Central Intelligence
(DCI) as the senior intelligence official, head of the

Intelligence Community Research Paper
An insight look at the Intelligence Community Intelligence is a dependable instrument of its own to
generate information that establishes the base of National Security in the United States. Intelligence
has been used since the beginning of history to provide information on enemy threats and how to
prevent a mass disasters. It has been used for wars, national security, military tactics, etc.
Intelligence has been available since the revolutionary war and our first president George
Washington and other leaders of the world have used intelligence to protect their countries.
Intelligence is the dominant and the backbone of homeland Security and it is ceaseless learning
about it. National Intelligence agents train tirelessly to fight and create ... Show more content on
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Additionally, why is there some obstruction to this course of action? Department of Homeland
Security originated the fusion center which is an information sharing center determined to contribute
intelligence among agencies such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation, Central Intelligence
Agency, Department of Justice, the US military and local, state and other federal law enforcement.
These agencies bring together intelligence to investigate and analyze it. According to the fusion
center and guidelines, "a fusion center is a successful and proficient instrument to exchange
intelligence and information that maximizes resources, streamlines operations, and improves the
ability to fight crime and terrorism by evaluating data from a diversity of sources." The importance
to share information among all US intelligence agencies, law enforcement and military contributes
to the prevention of the most serious crimes and cyber–crimes. Quick and accurate information is
one of the advantages of information sharing. Information sharing outweighs vulnerability when
being accessible to all law enforcement personnel and other intelligence agencies. Information
sharing makes criminal cases run smoother in an approach that all agencies receive the required
feedback from a certain case. It can be trusted and reliable after being collected and

Intelligence Reform And Terrorism Case Study
Abstract The Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 is a 235–page Act of
Congress, signed by the president affecting the United States laws of federal terrorism. The titles
and subject issues were composed to better enforce the procedures for any future terrorist's attacks.
The Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act established the Director of National
Intelligence, the National Counterterrorism Center, and the Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight
Board. This act also states that the Homeland Security is to take charge of flights both foreign and
domestic for all information on passengers and crew for individuals on the Federal Government
watch lists. As the Case Study: Intelligence Reform and Terrorism ... Show more content on
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This Act also requires the Director to ensure that all National intelligence–based information is
passed on to, first the President; all heads of departments and agencies of the executive branch; the
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and senior military commanders; and the Senate and House of
Representatives and congressional committees. The Director of the Intelligence National
Investigation has an office–specific for him full of employees and staff members to help and
discover the information needed to make the decisions regarding any and all terrorist attacks. The
staff, in general, includes the Community Management Staff; Co–Location is not allowed to locate
anywhere else with any other intelligence agencies; Deputy Directors assists the Director and is next
in line if the Director is not able to fulfill their duties; National Intelligence Council is established by
the Office of the Director; General Counsel. The Director can also establish the General Counsel,
Civil Liberties Protection Offices, Director of Science and Technology, National Counterintelligence
Executives, and Inspector Generals. The Director has the authority to assign these positions as well
as take them away as long as the individual is Senate–approved. Intelligence Agencies that Report
Directly to the ODNI The agencies that report to the Office of the Director of National Intelligence
are the: Central Intelligence

Questions On The National Intelligence Program
Short Answer:
1) List three executive branch organizations that conduct intelligence oversight.
The National Security Council's Office of Intelligence Programs, President's Intelligence Advisory
Board, and the Department of Defense's Intelligence Oversight Program all are executive branch
organizations that conduct intelligence oversight.
2) The 17 members of the intelligence community are:
The Office of the Director of National Intelligence
Central Intelligence Agency
Department of Energy
Department of Homeland Security
Department of the Air Force
Department of the Army
Department of the Navy
United States Coast Guard
Defense Intelligence Agency
Department of State
Department of Treasury
Department of Justice
Federal Bureau of Investigation
United States Marine Corps
National Geospatial Intelligence Agency
National Reconnaissance Office
National Security Agency
3) Describe three differences between the National Intelligence Program (NIP) and Military
Intelligence Program (MIP).
The MIP is devoted to intelligence activities and analysis that support U.S. military operations, most
of which are conducted by intelligence agencies in the Defense Department; whereas, the NIP
includes all other intelligence activities, which predominantly focus on national–level intelligence
efforts, but include significant activities conducted by NSA, NGA and NRO. Within the Senate, the
Senate Select Intelligence Committee only has oversight of the

Strategic Intelligence Personal Statement
Some of my earliest childhood memories are of helping my mother make colorful bulletin boards
for her elementary school classroom and of observing her remarkable afterhours dedication to
students–I am from a family of teachers and love of learning was instilled in me at a young age.
Growing up in a small town with a mother, two aunts, and an uncle who were all educators nurtured
not only a love for learning, but also an appreciation for the impact that one dedicated person can
have on a broader group within a community and perhaps even a nation. Pursuit of further
educational development through the Professor of Strategic Intelligence program would allow me
serve in a manner that fuses my aggregate experiences as a military officer with a ... Show more
Following graduation from the National Defense Intelligence College in 2008, I served on a joint
team supporting some of Central Command's highest priority collection management and planning
efforts. Revisiting many of the same regional issues I had first seen as an Infantry officer, I gained
an appreciation, at the operational and strategic levels, for the interplay of resource scarcity, global
demand, and competing priorities. Working a similar portfolio at the National Geospatial–
Intelligence Agency, I deepened my understanding of intelligence collection, but also broadened my
scope to consider the integration of foreign partner capabilities. All along the way, I was privileged
to serve alongside a host of remarkably talented intelligence professionals and benefit from their

Case Study: Brian Underwood
This case involves a United States consulate civil guard attempting to sell classified information to
China's Ministry State Security. Brian Underwood was stationed in China during the building of th
United States China Consulate construction and had clearance to sensitive information assosciatted
with United States national defense operations(FBI, 2013). Underwood sought to contact MSS to
sell classified United States intelligence in a letter which he placed in his apartment for MSS to find
(FBI, 2013). Underwood took photographs, recorded security systems and built a building plan with
the intent of selling information to this foreign government (FBI, 2013). During this period
Underwood was assisting the United States Law Enforcement on a operation (FBI,2013). When
Underwood was questioned he stated that the work, collection, was for said operation US Law
Enforcement. Underwood used his status as a Cleared American Guard, CAG, at the construction of
the U.S. Consulate and participant of a US Law Enforcement operation as an access point (FBI,
2013).
On September 1, 2011, Underwood was arrested and then failed to return to court for a hearing on ...
Furthermor, FBI required a temporary subpoena to access financial information to support pay off
from MSS. Brian Underwood made extensive travel to locations to meet up with MSS. We will need
to verify dates and locations consistant to MSS agents. Identify MSS agents making contact with
Underwood, if any. Cooperation between "U.S. Department of State's Diplomatic Security Service,
the FBI, and the U.S. Attorney's Office" to share information (FBI, 2013). In addition, surveillance
of Underwood in said classified areas where photography is prohibited was needed to support miss
use of classified

Australian National Security Statement Analysis Essay
At a time when Australia faces its most challenging strategic outlook since World War II, there is no
issue more important to Australia's security than the increased capabilities of our intelligence
agencies and the development of a robust national security policy. The challenge Australia faces is
defining our national security priorities in today's globalised world and creating a national security
architecture for the 21st century that can enable the Australian Intelligence Communities (AIC) to
adequately protect Australia and Australian interests. In order to combat the increasing aspects of
asymmetric and transnational threats the Australian Government needed to implement a National
Security Policy (NSP) that is effective, adaptable, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The purpose of the speech was to describe the scope of national security, the interests of national
security, the principles and priorities and the government's vision for a reformed national security
structure. The statement set out the national security policy framework for Australia's future. By
providing a four block foundation of; building a more secure Australia with a future of security
challenges, building a stronger economic Australia, building a fairer Australia among the
disadvantaged and building an Australia capable of meeting the challenges of the 21st century, the
national security statement was a decisive and coherent step to a uniformed security approach that
was long overdue.
By presenting a clear concise definition of national security 'Freedom from attack or the threat of
attack; the maintenance of our territorial integrity; the maintenance of our political sovereignty; the
preservation of our hard won freedoms; and the maintenance of our fundamental capacity to
advance economic prosperity for all Australians' the statement provides a strategic framework to
drive the necessitating policy. The statement also advises that this provides context for the Defence
White Paper for the next twenty years, as I will detail later on the Defence Department already
receives the majority share of the national security funding what this does is place an inordinate
amount of responsibility into the hands of the Department of Defence.
The

Intelligence And Homeland Security : Capabilities And...
Intelligence and Homeland Security: Capabilities and Limitations in Mission Support 1
Introduction
To understand the relationship between Intelligence and Homeland Security it is imperative to
understand the histories, unique mission differences, and agencies and departments that align under
the primary umbrella of both Intelligence and Homeland Security.
From an historical perspective, protecting the United States from invasive action from hostile
enemies and gathering the intelligence to successfully complete that mission began during the
formative years of our Country.
The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) defines three key cornerstones that define the intelligence
discipline. These are: Collection of Foreign Intelligence, Counterintelligence, and Covert Action.
The Central Intelligence agency published a document referencing three key individuals of the
Revolutionary War Period that have been identified as the "Founding Fathers of American
Intelligence." (Rose, 2017). George Washington is considered the Father of Acquisition of Foreign
Intelligence. Washington was exceptionally skillful in intelligence gathering, beginning in 1753
when as a 21–year–old he was sent to evaluate the French Military gathered there, and determine
what imminent plans the French military had in response the British efforts to colonize the area they
had commandeered. In 1776 Washington established Knowlton's Rangers, the first special
operations force and historical foundation for

The Usa 's Act Of 2015
2012 (Donahue, 2014, pp. 180–181). These changes and others to the USA PATRIOT Act were
made in the USA Freedom Act of 2015.
Perhaps the most important change in how the federal government was reorganized after September
11th is the creation of both the Director of National Intelligence (DNI) position and the Office of the
Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) in 2004 with the passage of the same IRTPA that created
TSA. This concept had been first suggested in 1955 after a study by Congress then and was
recommended time and again but only became a reality after the September 11th attacks drove the
need for major intelligence reform home and the 9/11 Commission continued the push for the
creation of such a position (ODNI, n.d., paras. 1–5). As one can see from the mission and vision of
the ODNI, the importance cannot be overstated. The mission includes leading intelligence
integration while having the IC produce the most insightful intelligence products possible and the
vision is fully integrating the IC thus making the nation more secure (ODNI, n.d., paras. 1–2).
As we have seen throughout the entire history of warfare, ancient world terrorism, political intrigue
and elitist terrorism of the middle ages, and into modern terrorism, intelligence is of vital
importance on both sides. Armed forces have always used intelligence of some form be it sneaking
up a hill and scouting what is on the other side to the use of modern platforms such as

The United States Should Not Be A Complete Failure
The United States have been sending numerous military units to different parts of the world to
sustain survivability of other nations that are American allies. Countries that are part of United
Nations have been combined force that if there is a situation around the world, all the nations
including the United States will meet up and decide what the corrective action to resolve the issue is.
The United States military has been in so many conflicts with other countries that to the point that
many of them becomes our allies. Many agencies ae trying to continue to gather information on
potential terrorist or attacks before they can happen and without the proper relationships between the
federal agencies, this will continue to be a complete failure. Terrorist attacks on the United States
have been going on for decades or since the 1980 's when the United States Embassy was bombed
that killed numerous Americans and civilian casualties. There was also the bombing at Khobar
Towers in Beirut which happened months after the embassy incident. This attack killed numerous
marines and injured many civilians that were present during that fateful day. This was long before
the likes of Al Qaida and ISIS. Both were surprise attacks and there was not any warning giving but
that was just the beginning of numerous attempts into the future years. Interesting fact is that many
of the people that were killed during the embassy attack were CIA agents. That goes to show that the
United

Intelligence Reform And Terrorism Case Study
The Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 is a 235–page Act of Congress,
signed by the president affecting the United States laws of federal terrorism. The titles and subject
issues were composed to better enforce the procedures for any future terrorist's attacks. The
Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act established the Director of National Intelligence,
the National Counterterrorism Center, and the Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board. This act
also states that the Homeland Security is to take charge of flights both foreign and domestic for all
information on passengers and crew for individuals on the Federal Government watch lists. Case
Study: Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention and Its ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The Director of National Intelligence, appointed by the Senate, works closely with the president.
The DNI is to effectively integrate all national and homeland security intelligence in defense of the
homeland and in support of the United States National security interests. Directors Duties The
Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act give the Director of National Intelligence the
responsibilities of acting as the head of the Intelligence Community; acting principle advisor for
matters involving national security intelligence; manage, oversee, and direct the National
Intelligence Program. This Act also requires the Director to ensure that all National intelligence
based information is passed on to, first the President; all heads of departments and agencies of the
executive branch; the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and senior military commanders; and the
Senate and House of Representatives and congressional committees. The Director of the Intelligence
National Investigation has an office specific for him full of employees and staff members to help
and discover the information needed to make the decisions regarding any and all terrorist attacks.
The staff in genera includes the Community Management Staff; Co–Location is not allowed to
locate anywhere else with any other intelligence agencies; Deputy Directors assists the Director and
is next in line if the Director is not able to fulfill their duties;

The Importance Of Communication, Intelligence, And Planning
Cynthia Howard
The Importance of Communication, Intelligence, and Planning to Prevent Terrorism
Word Count:
Dr. Leerburger
The Importance of Communication, Intelligence, and Planning to Prevent Terrorism Terrorism is a
growing threat to America and other Countries that is causing more deaths, injuries, and destruction
to property and infrastructures. There are ways to reduce the effects of terrorist incidents by using
intelligence, communication, and planning. The use of intelligence is one of the most effective
approaches to counteract terrorist incidents. Communication amongst all levels of the government
and all agencies is the key element in preventing terrorist incidents. Planning before terrorist
incidents is a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Without communication, intelligence, and planning to prevent terrorism, the number of terrorists
will increase as well as the number of terrorist incidents, and the impact and effects resulting from
these terrorist incidents will intensify.
Communication is an important element in preventing terrorism, and without coordinating
communication amongst all levels of government and agencies, preventing terrorism will be
realistically impossible. Before 9/11, coordinating communication across different agencies was not
happening and this led to a lot of mistakes and disorder. The different levels of government and
agencies were acting on their own, and was not communicating with each other about what was
happening and who was responding (White, J, R., 2004). This action of not communicating amongst
the different agencies caused a lot of misunderstandings and chaos as well as a loss of resources for
the agencies. After 9/11, the use of coordinating communication has resulted in an organized method
of dealing with terrorist threats and incidents.
The local level of government agencies is typically first to respond to an incident, and the use of
communication is a vital component in how to respond. The ability for first responders to effectively
respond to a terrorist threat or incident requires coordinated communication. The lack of
communication will affect first responders, emergency management, public

Compensation And Benefits Package For A New Salary For The...
Introduction – Employee Compensation and Benefits
This paper will outline an employee compensation and benefits package for a new hire for a
secretary for the department. First, it will describe the organization I chose for designating a
compensation package. Next, this paper will develop an employee compensation and benefits
package for this new position. This paper will outline an employee compensation and benefits
package for a new hire for a secretary for the department. First, it will describe the organization I
chose for designating a compensation package. Next, this paper will develop an employee
compensation and benefits package for this new position. Attached to this paper is a Powerpoint
presentation that will detail this employee compensation and benefits package, as well as an the
eligibility of exempt or non–exempt status, other benefits that might be considered, government
regulations that influence the compensation, two other organizations with similar compensation, and
how this package aligns with the HRM strategy.
Our Organization – Department of Energy
When researching the average salary and compensation benefits for this area for a secretary for our
department, I discovered some generic information. First, the mean hourly wage for this part of the
country (Washington DC area) is $20.01 (Occupational Employment and Wages, 2013). Second, the
average job description for a secretary in the Washington DC area includes: performing secretarial
duties

Process Essay: The Intelligence Cycle
The intelligence cycle consist of five different steps. They are Planning, Collection, Processing,
Analysis, and Dissemination [1]. Each one of these steps are critical and are always in motion
because they working in conjunction with each other. The planning step is where decisions are made
concerning several important factors to include, what to collect on, what are the current issues, and
how to utilize limited intelligence resources. The collection step is where assets are put in place to
gather raw data. The collection phase can be from multiple types of collection and the data is from
multiple sources. The Processing phase is where the information that is collected is turned into data
that is useable via translation or decryption. The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The size and scope of their mission has increased at an even greater rate. The Intelligence
Community rarely has received credit since the September 11th attacks but every time there is a
successful or perceived successful attack against the United States or one of their partners the
Intelligence Community is the first to be blamed. There are several agencies that are considered the
Intelligence Community. They are the Air Force Intelligence, Army Intelligence, Central
Intelligence Agency, Coast Guard Intelligence, Defense Intelligence Agency, Department of Energy,
Department of Homeland Security, Department of State, Department of the Treasury, Drug
Enforcement Administration, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Marine Corps Intelligence, National
Geospatial–Intelligence Agency, National Reconnaissance Office, National Security Agency, Navy
Intelligence and, the Office of the Director of National Intelligence[3]. The Director of National
Intelligence is the leader of the Intelligence Community and has established these goals. 1) Integrate
intelligence analysis and collection to inform decisions made from the White House to the foxhole.
2) Drive responsible and secure information sharing. 3) Set strategic direction and priorities for
national intelligence resources and capabilities. 4) Develop and implement Unifying Intelligence
Strategies across regional and functional portfolios. 5) Strengthen partnerships to enrich

The United States Code ( U.s. )
The United States Code (U.S.C.) "establishes and governs the form, function, duties, and
responsibilities of the US Government". The foundational to US National Security and foreign
relations are based on the three titles in the U.S.C, namely, Title 10, Title 22, and Title 50; which
"govern US Armed Forces, the Department of State, public diplomacy efforts, and national defense"
(American Security Project, 2012). However, the National Security Act of 1947 was the first U.S.
law on the conduct of intelligence operations. The act established the Central Intelligence Agency
"to collect, analyze, evaluate, and disseminate foreign intelligence to assist the President and senior
US government policymakers in making decisions relating to national security" (Central Intelligence
Agency (2013). This intelligence law help to define the roles of policymakers, (Executive Branch
oversight, and Congressional oversight) while making decisions relating to national security; and
also defined the scope and functions of intelligence community. For instance, the President who is
the head of the executive branch and commander in chief has the authority to direct military
operations and intelligence activities against external threats resides in his Constitutional executive
and commander–in–chief powers (Wall, 2011).
However, Congress has an oversight power over the president intelligence collection power and
activities. Article I, Section 8, paragraph 18 of the United States constitution and

Geospatial Intelligence During The Cold War
The intelligence community of the United States have seen their processes, tactics, capabilities, and
technology transform over the decades since the Cold War. The Cold War was a trying time of
capabilities and the development of them. One intelligence discipline in particular saw large
development was that of geospatial intelligence (GEOINT). Geospatial intelligence is defined by the
Title 10 U.S. Code §467 the "intelligence about the human activity on earth derived from the
exploitation and analysis of imagery and geospatial information that describes, assesses, and
visually depicts physical features and geographically referenced activities on the Earth." (National
Research Council 2006).
Geospatial intelligence acts as the fusion between the other intelligence (INT) disciplines. This
practice utilizes information and or data from these various "INTs" and associates it with a
geolocation. The desired outcomes can be identification of activities on, ... Show more content on
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While geospatial intelligence was getting its foothold with the formation of the NGA and various
other geospatial offices, the discipline further refined its practices and put them to the test in war in
Iraq and Afghanistan. GEOINT was also influenced by tremendous advances in technologies now
commercial – such as "sophisticated versions of Esri and Intergraph's GIS software, GPS, location–
based services, and of course, commercial imagery." (alderton M 2014)
With GEOINT at war in Afghanistan and Iraq, imagery was getting better though the developments
in unmanned ariel vehicles (UAV). Two UAV's in specific the Global Hawk and Predator that were
deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan were a huge assets for the military by creating real–time images
for geospatial intelligence to combatant commanders. (Alderton M

The Fight Against International Terrorism
As the fight against international terrorism gears up for renewed hostilities in areas of the Middle
East against old foes and new organizations that have brought their extremists views to the
battlefields, the socio–economic issues currently plaguing the stability of Yemen provide the
backdrop for the most potent threat to the U.S. homeland and its interests in the region. This Red
Cell Analysis will provide a historical overview and internal look at the terrorist organization known
as Al–Qa'ida in the Arabian Peninsula while uncovering which intelligence collection programs
housed throughout the U.S. Intelligence Community are best suited at countering and defeating the
tactics used by this often violent extremist organization. Additionally, this paper will distinguish
which members of the IC will be the best collectors of the needed intelligence to thwart any future
attacks plotted by this organization as well as identifying the proper intelligence analysis strategies
that will be most effective in eliminating this group and their objectives from the battlefield. Since
earning its designation as a Foreign Terrorist Organization on January 19, 2010, the group's goals
have remained consistent with the standards and disciplines found throughout militant jihad, which
"aims to purge Muslim countries of Western influence and replace secular "apostate" governments
with fundamentalist Islamic regimes observant of sharia" (Council on Foreign Relations 2015). Its
regional

Intelligence Collection

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