This document contains 40 multiple choice questions about astronomy and planetary science concepts covered in an SCI 151 final exam. The questions cover topics like the phases of the moon, properties of planets, stellar classification, the Big Bang theory, and more. Distances, properties, and relationships between various celestial bodies are tested, as well as concepts like dark matter, the Doppler effect, and exoplanet detection methods.

1. SCI 151 Final Exam Set 2
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SCI 151 Final Exam
1. The Sun, Moon, and the Planets follow an imaginary line through the sky
called the ecliptic. The reason this occurs is that
2. Another name for Sirius is the ____Brightest (Dog) Star________. This star is
located __8.6_____ Light years from Earth
3. Select the best answer. When it is Dec 21 on Earth.
4. When the Moon lies directly between the Earth and the Sun the Phase of the
Moon at that time is called ____ _____ and it is possible at that time to have an event
called a _____ _________
5. Why does the Moon have many visible craters, yet the Earth’s land areas have
few visible
6. When the Earth’s core comprised of the metallic elements __Iron_______
eventually solidifies this will result in a dramatic decrease of the Earth’s
___magnetic_________ field compared to today
7. What is the correct order of these planets distance from the Sun , from the
closest to furthest
8. Scientifically speaking, Earth Quakes and Volcanoes on our planet are caused
by
9. Based on our studies of the Solar system, the planet most likely to harbor life
today, not including Earth is __ _______ . Also the Jovian moon___ __________is
also a candidate finding life, due to the likelihood of it having liquid water oceans
10. The Planet Neptune at it’sclosestdistance from the sun is_29.8______ AU. 1
AU equals ____149,597,871__________ Kilometers?
11. Gravitational Tidal forces on Earth arise from two celestial bodies, the
__Sun_______ and __Moon_____. Gravitation Tidal Forces on the Moon Io comes
from the Planet ____Jupiter__________
12. 1 AU (Astronomical Unit) divided by the speed of light is _7.46500531 x
1013m_seconds. The Distance that Light travels in a second is ____Kilometers.
13. The estimated distance between the Milky Wayand the Andromeda Galaxy is
approximately _____ ________Light Years
14. The maximum number of Watts of sunlight that could hit a 20 meter x 20
meter plot of land on the equator is approximately ____27,340 watts____.

2. 15. At 50 degrees North latitude the angle of elevation angle of Polaris is
always_____degrees.Given the choices below highlight the City where the North star
is not visible
16. If you were standing on the Moon’s Equator observing the Earth would the
position of the Earth in the Moon’s sky change substantially over a period of 29
days?___ _____. Would the position of the Earth change substantially from any
observation point on the Moon over this period? ___
17. The need for a system to conserve the physical quantity called angular
___momentum_ prevents galaxies from collapsing on themselves due to the attraction
of Gravity.
18. What is and what causes the Aurora? (150 words)
19. Describe the purpose of Dark Matter and Dark Energy (150 words)
20. What is the volume of a Black Hole of 10 solar masses?__ __
21. Which one of the following would you consider to be most at odds with respect to
the nebula theory of planet formation, considering the following scenarios for stars
with planets
22. It is estimated that large global extinction level asteroid collides with Earth
approximately every
23. A comet is composed primarily of
24.Which statement about light is false
25. Due to the Doppler Effect, if an object is moving away from you, the light the
objects emits will appear to you to be
26. The Hubble Space telescope
27. The Core of the Sun
28. The Nuclear Reaction in the Sun’s core is called
29. The star Vega is a best characterized as a
30.The apparent brightness of a star is
31. The center of the Milky Way is
32. As two Galaxies collide the process will likely
33. The Big Bang Model does not explain
34.Which type of telescope works through detecting the lowest energy
Electromagnetic Radiation
35.Describe one extremophiles on Earth that we studied in Week-5. Why does the
existence of these organisms increase the possibility of life outside of Earth? (100
words)
36. You have a powerful laser beam that you can use to measure distances to objects
near Earth. The laser beam is a short pulse. You aim the laser beam at a far-away
object and at time t = 0 you trigger a pulse. You measure the arrival of the return
pulse that reflects off the object to be approximately 466 seconds later, t = 466
seconds. How far away is the object? Could that object be a planet?
37. Two high luminosity stars named for this example as Gamma and Psi have the
same Luminosity and Surface Temperature. Star Gamma is 200 L-Y away from the
Sun and Star Psi is 10 L-Y away from the Sun. Which star will appear brighter in our
Night Sky, Gamma or Psi? How many times brighter would the brighter star appear
compared to the dimmer star?

3. 38. A recently discovered minor planet, named Planet Daisy, orbits the Sun every 450
years. Using Kepler’s Law (remember week-1) What is Planet Daisy’s average
distance from the Sun? The planet is in the same plane as the Earth – Sun Plane.
What is the distance of closest approach between the Earth and Daisy?
39. A light wave detected through a telescope has a wavelength of 10 centimeters.
Calculate the frequency of that wave. It is determined that the light source for this
wave is 5 Billion Miles away. How many hours does it take for the light leaving the
object to reach the telescope?
40. Suppose Mars was as large as Earth and formed at the same time our Earth
formed and had the same general composition. For argument sake assume Mars has a
rotational period of 24 hours a day, and that it has zero Axial tilt, and its orbit is the
same as it is today.