nursing research part 13

1. RESEARCH -13
NON EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN

2. NON EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
 DO NOT HAVE MANIPULATION OF INDEPENDENT VARIABLE,
CONTROL GROUP AND RANDOM ASSIGNMENT.
 RESEARCH STUDY VARIABLES IN NATURALLY OCCURRING
SETTING TO DESCRIBE OR EXPLORE THE VARIABLES UNDER
STUDY

3. REASONS FOR CHOOSING
 NOT POSSIBLE TO MANIPULATE FEW VARIABLES IN
CONTROLLES CONDITION.
 NUMBER OF VARIABLES NOT ADEQUATE TO EXPERIMENTAL
MANIPULATION.
 ETHICAL ISSUES DO NOT ALLOW TO MANIPULATE THE
VARIABLES.

4. TYPES OF NON EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH DESIGN
CATEGORY TYPES
DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH DESIGN UNIVARIENT DESCRIPTIVE DESIGN
COMPARATIVE STUDIES
EXPLORATORY STUDIES
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL RESEARCH CASE CONTROL STUDIES[RETROSPECTIVE]
COHORT STUDIES[PROSPECTIVE STUDIES]
CORRELATIONAL STUDIES
DEVELOPMENTAL RESEARCH /TIME
RELATED STUDIES
LONGITUDINAL STUDIES
CROSS SECTIONAL STUDIES
SURVEY RSEARCH DIFFERENT TYPES
[DESCRIPTIVE,COMPARATIVE,EVALUATIVE]

5. DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH
 BASIC PURPOSE IS TO OBSERVE,DESCRIBES AND
DOCUMENTS ASPECTS OF A SITUATION WITHOUT UNDUE
MANIPULATIONIN NATURAL SETTING.

6. UNIVARIATE DESCRIPTIVE DESIGNS
 FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF BEHAVIOUR OR
CONDITION RATHER THAN TO STUDY RELATIONSHIP
 TWO TYPES
 PREVALENCE STUDIES
 INCIDENCE STUDIES

7.  PREVALANCE STUDIES:PRIMARY PURPOSE OF PREVALANCE STUDY
ON ESTIMATION OF PREVALENCE RATE OF A DISEASE
[STROKE,EPILEPSY] OR CONDITION[SMOKING,SUBSTANCE ABUSE]
 INCIDENCE STUDIES: ESTIMATE THE OCCURRENCE OF NUMBER OF
NEW CASES AT A CONDITION TIME

8. COMPARATIVE DESIGN
 ALSO KNOW AS EX-POST FACTO OR CASUAL COMPARATIVE
STUDIES.
 PURPOSE OF COMPARITIVE STUDIES IS TO DESCRIBE AND
COMPARE THE DIFFERENCE IN VARIABLES BETWEEN TWO UNITS.
 HYPOTHYESIS TO TEST THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TWO OR
MORE THAN TWO UNITS OR GROUPS.
 IT HAVE NO CONTROL GROUPS.

10. EXLORATORY STUDY
 PROVIDES AN IN DEPTH EXPLANATION OF A SINGLE
EVENT,CASE OR VARIABLE.
 BEST SOLUTION TO EXPLORE THE PHENOMENA IN DEPTH
 HYPOTHESIS IS NOT PREPARED IN EXPLORATORY STUDY
 FLEXIBLE APPORACH IS MUCH MORE USEFUL THAN
STRUCTURED APPORACH TO COLLECT DATA.

11. EPIDEMOLOGICAL RESEARCH
 PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY IS DISTRIBUTION AND
DETERMINATSA OF HEALTH PROBLEMS IN GROUPS OR
POPULATIONS.

12. CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH
 FOCUS TO EXAMINE THE STRENGTHOF RELATIONSHIPS
BETWEEN TWO OR MORE VARIABLES.
 IT EXAMINE THAT HOW CHANGES IN ONE VARIABLE IS
ASSOCIATED WITH CHANGE IN ANOTHER VARIABLE AND IN
WHICH DIRECTION[ POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE]
 TYPES:
 SIMPLE CORRELATION STUDIES
 PREDICTION STUDIES

13. CASE CONTROL DESIGN [RETROSEPTIVE DESIGN]
 SELECT A CASE WITH OR WITHOUT EXPOSE TO A PARTICULAR
DISEASE OR EVENT OF INTEREST
 GO BACKWARD IN THEIR HISTORY TO FIND OUT THAT HOW
THESE TWO CASES WERE DIFFERENT
 AND FIND OUT WHAT ALL POSSIBLE FACTORS EXPOSURE
AND OCCURANCE OF A DISEASE.

14. COHORT DESIGN [PROSPECTIVE DESIGN]
 COHORT REFERS TO A GROUP OF PEOPLE SHARE COMMON
CHARACTERISTICS.
 MIGHT BE THEIR DATE OF BIRTH, PLACE OF LOVING ETC
 STUDIES ARE PROSPECTIVE AND LONGITUDINAL IN NATURE
 RESEARCHER WHICH LOOKS FORWARD AND TRACK A
COHORT FOR HEALTH AND ILLNESS TRENDS FOR A LONG
PERIOD

16. DEVELOPMENTAL RESEARCH
 TO ASSESS THE CHANGE OVER AN EXTENDED PERIOD OF
TIME
 NOT ONLY EXAMINE THE PRESENT STATUS OF THE VARIABLE
AND ALSO PROGRESIVE DEVELOPMENTAL CHANGES IN
VARIABLE OVER A PERIOD OF TIME.

17. LONGITUDINAL DESIGN
 SAME SUBJECT OR POPULATION OVE A PERIOD OF TIME
TO STUDY THE EMERGENCE OF DISESE OR LONG TERM
EFEFCT OF TREATMENT
 SUBJECTS ARE FOLLOWED OVER A PERIOD OF TIME AND
DATA COLLECTED OCCURS AT PRECRIBED INTERVALS
OVER THE PERIOD.
 TYPES:
 TREND STUDIES
 PANEL STUDIES
 FOLLOW UP STUDIES

18. CROSS SECTIONAL DESIGN
 COLLECT DATAS FROM DIFFERENT GROUPS OF PEOPLE WHO
ARE AT DIFFERENT STAGES IN THEIR EXPERIENCE OF THE
PHENOMENA AT SAME TIME.
 APPROPRIATE FOR DESCRIBING THE STATUS OF PHENOMENA
OR FOR DESCRIBING RELATIONSHIP AMONG PHENOMENA AT
A FIXED POINT IN TIME.

19. SURVEY RESEARCH
 IS A OLD AND ANCIENT IN USE AS LONG AS MANKIND HAS
BEEN EXISTENCE.
 SELF REPORT METHOD TO COLLECT THE INFORMATIONON
VARIABLES OF INTEREST
 IT CAN BE CONDUTED BY USING TELEPHONE,MAIL,ONLINE OR
THROUGH PERSONEL CONTACT
 QUESTIONNAIRES AND INTERVIEWS ARE MOST PREFERRED
METHODS

20. TYPES
 DESCRIPITIVE SURVEY:
 DESCRIBE A PHENOMENA
 QUESTIONS IN TERMS OF WHAT,WHEN,WHERE
 IT DOES NOT ANSWER WHY
 CORELATIONAL SURVEY:
 COLLECT INFORMATION ON MULTIPLE VARIABLES AT A TIME
 HELPS THE INVESTIGATOR TO FIND RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
VARIABLES.

21.  COMPARATIVE SURVEY:
 COLLECT AND COMPARE INFORMATION OF TWO OR MORE
GROUPS AT ONE OR MORE THE ONE VARIABLES
 CROSS SECTIONAL SURVEY:
 COLLECT INFORMATION ON A POPULATION AT A SINGLE POINT OF
TIME
 EXPLORATORY SURVEY:
 GOOD TO STUDY A CONCEPTS ABOUT WHICH LITTLE IS
KNOWN
 PROVIDES IN DEPTH DETAILS ABOUT THE CONCEPT OF
INTEREST.

22.  EVALUATIVE SURVEY:
 HOW WELL A PROGRAME,POLICYOR PRACTICE IS GOING ON
 MAIN OBJECTIVE IS TO DETERMINE THE PROGRESS OF A
PROGRAM
 PROVIDES INFORMATION ON WHY A PARTICULAR PROGRAME
WAS FAILED OR SUCESSFUL
LONGITUDINAL SURVEY:
GATHER DATA OVER A PERIOD OF TIME.
HELPFUL FOR ASSESSMENT OF DEVELOPMENT OR HISTORICAL
TRENT