2. 3100 BCE: Unification of Upper and
Lower Egypt
• United by Pharaoh Menes and the dynastic
order of the Old Kingdom.
• Egyptian occupation and raiding against the Ta-
Seti in Sudanese Nubia;
• Hieroglyphics and huge pyramids introduced.
3. Hieroglyphics
• For almost 4,000 years, Ancient Egyptians have been
using hieroglyphics.
• Hieroglyphs were written on papyrus, carved in stone
on tomb and temple walls, and used to decorate many
objects of cultic and daily life.
• The Rosetta Stone was discovered in Egypt by
Napoleon’s troops. The Rosetta Stone id a trilingual
decree dating the time
• The Egyptians invented a cursive form of hieroglyphics
known as hieratic, which was used primarily for writing
with red brushes, and later reed pens, on papyri and
ostraca(fragments of pottery or stone used as writing
surfaces).
4. pyramids
• There are about 223 pyramids in Nubia.
• The underground graves of the Nubian pyramids were
richly decorated.
• All of the pyramids were not monuments of the kings
evinced by their great number.
• They pyramids in Nubia have three important sections…
-An underground burial place symbolizing the
underworld, where the mummy lies
-A massive steep pyramid above, symbolizing the ladder
up to heaven
-A small chapel on the eastern side where sacrifices
could be placed, intended to sustain the dead king on his
travels
6. Kush
• Many of the rulers in the Kingdom of Kush
were queens. There were only a few
Kings.
• Nobles of Ancient Kush thought of
themselves as Egyptians and began to act
as such.
• Their daily life was very much like the
people they hated the most- the ancient
Egyptians.
7. 760 BCE- 671 BCE: Controlled
Egypt
• Under its rule restarted tradition of
Egyptians values, religion, culture, and art.
8. KUSHITE RULE OF ALL OF
EGYPT AS DYNASTY XXV
• This was a line of rulers originating in the
Nubian Kingdom of Kush and most saw
Napata as their spiritual homeland.
• They reigned in part or all of Ancient Egypt
from 760 BC to 656 BC.
• The dynasty began with Kashta’s invasion
of Upper Egypt and culminated in several
years of war with the Assyrians which was
to result in the destruction of the Kushite
Empire.
9. KINGDOM OF KUSH AT NAPATA
• Napata is the most important religious
center in Nubia built around a huge
mountain called Jebel-Barkal with a peek
that reaches an approximate height of 350
feet.
• On the top end of the mountains is a
pinnacle bulging off the mountain.
• The Kushites believed the pinnacle to be a
massive urea head symbolizing the Nubia
god Horus.
10. PERSIANS ENTER NILE VALLEY
• In 539 BC the Jews returned to
Jerusalem.
• Soon after, Cyrus died.
• In 529-521 BC, the reign of Persian King
Cambyses in Egypt.
11. Video of Nubia
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_AyimQ4Nx
• http://www.thenubian.net/chronology.php
12. • Nubia was also known by the name of Kush, wawat and
Ta-seti, meaning the “land of the bow”
• The boundary between ancient Egypt and the land of
Nubia (Kush) was traditionally held to be the First
Cataract.
• Trade: The ancient Egyptians imparted gold, incense,
ebony, copper, ivory, and exotic animals from tropical
Africa through Nubia.
• It is believed that the Egyptian word for gold “nub” was
the origin of name of Nubia.
• Gold: The gold mines of Nubia were worked by
convicted prisoners, prisoners of was and slaves
13. • Trade; During the period known as the
Middle Kingdom (2134BC – 178BC),Egypt
began expanding into Nubia to gain more
control over the trade routes in Northern
Nubia. They also required direct access to
trade with Southern Nubia and so to other
parts and exotic goods available in other
African countries.
14. • Trading was eventually replaced by the
colonization of Nubia and direct military control
• Nubia believed in after life
• Trading was eventually replaced by the
colonization of Nubia and direct military control
• The Nubia Dynasty controlled Ancient Egypt for
89 years (from 760 BC – 671 BC) and under its
rule restarted tradition of Egyptians values,
religion, culture, and art.
• The Nubians were expelled from Egypt by
Psamtik in 671 BC.
15. The Kingdom of Kush
• This was located on the Nile River, to the south
of ancient Egypt.
• Nubia was also known as the Land of the Bow
because their archers were expert and fierce.
The army of arches kept the Nubian people safe.
It was important for them to be strong. Many
kingdoms wanted to control Nubia. Nubia was a
land of natural wealth. They had gold mines,
ivory, incense, and iron ore.
• Unlike Egypt, they were not dependent upon the
flooding of the Nile for good soil. They enjoyed
tropical rainfall all year long.
