2. Feed in cambium and
disrupt water/nutrient flow
Found in PGs Co. in ‘04
Eradication effort in ‘05
Detected in ‘06
Re-eradication effort in ‘07 –
’09
Monitoring and
biocontrol till
present
Emerald Ash Borer
4. Feed in cambium and
disrupt water/nutrient flow
Found in PGs Co. in ‘04
Eradication effort in ‘05
Detected in ‘06
Re-eradication effort in ‘07 –
’09
Monitoring and
biocontrol till
present
Emerald Ash Borer
5. D-shaped exit holes
Bark splits
Serpentine galleries
Symptoms of Attack by EAB
Courtesy of Al Sawyer
6. David Roberts,
MSU
MI Dept of
Agriculture
The upper third of
a tree dies back
first, followed by
the rest the next
year.
This is followed by
many shoots or
sprouts emerging
below dead portions
of the trunk.
S-shaped
galleries under
bark
Symptoms of attack by EAB
James W.
Smith
Courtesy of Mike Raupp
7. Woodpecker activity is an ‘early
warning sign’ of emerald ash
borers.
R.Anderson, USDA FS
J. Solomon, USDA FS
So are bark
fissures
Vertical split in bark above
larval gallery
David Roberts, MSU
Courtesy of Mike Raupp
8. …lookalike diseases caused by
microorganisms.
Ash yellows
(caused by
phytoplasma
organisms)
Ash anthracnose
(caused by a fungus)
Verticillium wilt
(caused by a fungus)
North Dakota State U. U. Of MN Extension Forestry at Auburn U.
Courtesy of Mike Raupp
9. …there are a number of less lethal native borer insects
that cause similar symptoms in ash trees…
Banded ash
clearwing and lilac
borer moths
Banded ash
borer
J. Solomon, USDA FS
Red-headed ash
borer
G.Csoka,HungaryForestResearch
Carpenterworm moth
W. Hoffard, USDA FS
J. Solomon, USDA FS
J. Solomon, USDA FS
Cliff Sadof, Purdue U.
Ash privet borer
Courtesy of Mike Raupp
10. “How to tell” signs of Emerald Ash Borer and Clearwing
Borers
11.
12. Emerald Ash Borer
Eradication Zone
16,000 acres
3,000 acre bump-out after new detections
(7/31/07)
12,000 trees removed 2008 winter
25,000 trees removed winter
All ash >1 in. DBH
15. Quarantine
All of MD west of the Chesapeake Bay and
Susquehanna River
Most states: all quarantined
Other states: quarantine by county or region
24. Quarantine
What does it mean?
No transport of EAB across line
No transport of living or bark-on ash products across
line
No transport of hardwood firewood across line
Most but not all interstate transport within quarantine
zone is OK
29. How long do we have?
(2009 estimates)
~1/2 mile per year
City Distance
Upper Marlboro 6 miles
District of Columbia 6 miles
Waldorf 8 miles
La Plata 15 miles
College Park 15 miles
Bowie 19 miles
Baltimore 48 miles
Arrival Date
2010
2010
2012
2021
2021
2025
2059
30. How long do we have?
2013 estimate
Until the next load of untreated firewood
31. Ash trees provide
services like pollution
removal, carbon
storage and
sequestration, and
energy savings
The US Forest Service
estimates that the
value of the ash
resource within
Baltimore County’s
Urban-Rural
Demarcation Line is
$353M
Effective control
options are available,
but are most effective
when used together
with a management
plan
34. Emerald Ash Borer
Control
Imidacloprid
May to early June
Soil drench, 1 oz. per inch circumference
Amount needed per in. DBH may increase with tree size
Annual application
1 year for protection on young trees (<6 in. DBH), 2 years
in older trees
Available to homeowners
Trunk injection also available
35. Emerald Ash Borer
Control
Emamectin Benzoate (Tree-äge)
Registered for EAB in all states where present
Trunk injection (systemic)
Used as preventive measure in valuable landscape
trees
Has 2-3 year protection/application
Studies show high efficacy
Effectiveness lessened by low initial tree vigor
Available to professionals only
36.
37. Control
Dinotefuran is registered for
basal trunk bark: spray on lower trunk with garden
sprayer
soil application
Remember…
Always follow instructions on the label—it’s the
law!
38. Emerald Ash Borer
Other control options
Tree removal/replacement
Bifenthrin
Cyfluthrin
Permethrin
Carbaryl
Botanigard
Spinosad
39. Compromise
Maintain the benefits of large trees (>24 in.)
Treat with emamectin benzoate (TREE-äge®) every 2
or 3 years
Replace smaller trees with non-ash species
40. Key Points and Summary
Insecticides can effectively protect ash trees from EAB
Only treat a tree if EAB within 15 miles
Trees with more than 50% canopy decline are unlikely to
recover even if treated
Emamectin benzoate is the only product tested to date
that controls EAB for more than one year with a single
application; it also provided a higher level of control than
other products in side-by-side studies
41. Key Points and Summary
XytectTM soil treatments are labeled for application at a
higher maximum rate than other imidacloprid
formulations: useful for large trees
Treatment programs must comply with any label
restrictions on the amount of insecticide that can be
applied
42.
43. Biocontrol Progress
Four parasitoids found in
China and US
Egg Parasitoid: Oobius
agrili
Larval Parasitoids:
Spathius agrili
Tetrastichus planipennisi
Pre-pupal Parasitoid:
Scleroderma sp.
Courtesy of Philip Bell
44. Emerald Ash Borer
Cost of infestation expected: $10-20 billion in
losses to urban forests over the next 10 years
Urban density of ash trees
Mean of cities in EAB range: 53/ha (131/ac)
Baltimore: 244/ha (603/ac)
Consider cost of live takedown v. dead
takedown
