Socialisation:
• Functions – pg 57-58 in Du Toit
• Phases of socialization- pg 64-67
• Socialization agents:- pg 68 in Du Toit
• The family (functions- pg 173 in Du toit)
• The school
• The peer group
• Mass media
• The workplace
• Definition of resocialisation and anticipatory socialization- pg 75 in Du Toit
3. Socialisation
Socialisation is a processes with the help of
which a living organism is changed into a
social being.
It is a process through which the younger
generation learns the adult role which it has
to play subsequently.
It is a continuous process in the life of an
individual and it continues from generation
to generation.
4. Functions of socialisation
Establishes basic disciplines
Hygiene
Provides an identity
Gender, ethnic groups, family status, personal
achievement, goals
Teaches social roles
Guidance, obligations
Teaches and enhances skills
Communication, creativity, practice
5. Nursing Skills examples
Accurately gather information in a systematic manner in order to determine the health-related
needs
Assessed patient status (conditions) and notify physicians of clinical changes
Assigned to provide patient care for 10 patients in area 2
Assist patients in the rehabilitation process
Calculate and administer medications
Catheter, IV, and suctioning training
Comfort the dying and support the families of those who are ill
Educate patients/families on health care needs, conditions, options etc
Educated patients for home care and discharge planning
Teach procedures and health practices to patients and families
Implement patient care for up to 12 patients per section
Interact with departments regarding patient care
Maintained sterile fields and application of dressings
Medical terminology and medication administration skills
6. Phases of socialisation
Phase 1: The commencement of togetherness
Marriages
Finds a home
Secure an income
Work out behaviour patterns
Establish a stable relationship
Establish a system of intellectual and emotional
communication
Workable relationships with family members on both sides
Patterns of interaction
Develop a feasible philosophy of life
Reach consensus on future
7. Phases of socialisation
Phase 2: Child bearing families and couples
Children develop patterns
Parents adopts to new roles
Emotions
Duties
Work
Social roles
8. Phases of socialisation
Phase 3: Families and couples with preschool children
Children are taught sanitary habits
(think about the theories of development of children)
Motor and intellectual skills.
Parents focussed on careers (age group mostly between 28-30)
Mutual adjustments
9. Phases of socialisation
Phase 4: Couples with school going children
CHILDREN: 6-13 years
complex tasks, skills
self image
PARENTS:
learn that child must develop certain degree of freedom
career advancement
children internalise habits
10. Phases of socialisation
Phase 5: Families with teenagers
CHILDREN:
emotional/physical maturity
education
prep phase of adulthood
PARENTS:
role models
less work orientated
11. Phases of socialisation
Phase 6: Family as a launching centre
CHILDREN:
study/leave home
possible marriage
career
adult roles
PARENTS:
acceptance of work situation
finds joy in life
pays more attention to other people
12. Phases of socialisation
Phase 7: Families in the middle years
CHILDREN:
until retirement of parents
own families/careers
start of phase 1
PARENTS:
empty nest
rediscover partners
physical changes
13. Phases of socialisation
Phase 8: Ageing families
Until death
Further physical changes
Retirement
Pension, savings, old age homes
14. Socialisation Agents. Page 67
The Family
• Primary socialisation- primary function
• Internalisation of norms
• Language, morals, behaviour patterns, social
identity, functioning member of society,
Intellectual growth
• Authoritarian parents: strict discipline, demand
discipline
• Permissive parents: less accountability is
required from parents
• Directive parents: in-between above-
mentioned
15. Socialisation Agents. Page 67
The school
•Unique functions
•Societal order
•learns reading, writing, foundation for
tertiary education
•Secondary socialisation
•Intended function: to convey norms,
values, skills and knowledge
•Unintended function: broadens social
horizons, participation in activities, rules
and sanctions, preview of adult world
16. Socialisation Agents. Page 67
The peer group
•Equal in age
•Friends, clubs, sport teams
•Important role in socialisation process:
•Wisdom of parents no longer a strong
source of support
•Peer group has similar interests
•Membership voluntary. Members
important to each other
•Influence
•Accepted by members of same age
group
18. Socialisation Agents. Page 67
The workplace
•1) Occupational choice
•2)Anticipatory socialisation
•3) Conditioning and
commitment
•Continuous commitment
•See page75 on characteristics
of outstanding nursing care
19. Re Socialisation
Takes place throughout the adult life
When person enter a institution- new work,
prison, hospital, defense force etc.
Old age- illnesses
20. Anticipatory Socialisation
Facilitated by social interactions
Non-group-members learn to take on the values and
standards of groups that they aspire to join, so as to
ease their entry into the group and help them interact
competently once they have been accepted by it
It is the process of changing one's attitudes and
behaviors, in preparation for a shift in one's role
Words commonly associated with anticipatory
socialization include grooming, play-acting, training
and rehearsing
EXAMPLE: Nurse working night shift
21. References
Du Toit, D.A. & Van Staden S.J. (2014). Nursing
Sociology. 5th Edition. Pretoria: Van Schaik.