INTRODUCTION TO SOCIALISATION N

1. Socialisation
SOC260S

2. What is Socialisation?
• Socialisation is the process through which people are
taught to be proficient members of a society.
• It describes the ways that people come to understand
societal norms and expectations, to accept society’s
beliefs, and to be aware of societal values.
• Socialisation is known as the process of inducting the
individual into the social world.
• It is how human infants begin to acquire the skills
necessary to perform as functioning members of their
society.
• The term socialisation refers to the process of interaction
through which the growing individual learns the habits,
attitudes, values, and beliefs of the social group into
which he has been born.
• Socialisation is not the same as socializing (interacting
with others, like family, friends, and coworkers); to be
precise, it is a sociological process that occurs through
socializing.

3. The role of
socialisation
The role of socialisation is to acquaint
individuals with the norms of a given
social group or society.
It prepares individuals to participate in a
group by illustrating the expectations of
that group.
Socialisation is very important for
children, who begin the process at home
with family, and continue it at school.

4. The importance of socialization in nursing
Socialization is the process of learning how to become part of a
nursing culture.
Through socialization one learns the culture's language (nursing
language, terms),
A student learns about their role as a nurse, and what is expected
from them.
Through Socialization is a very important process in the forming of
personality

5. Types of Socialisation
• Primary socialisation takes place early in life, as a
child and adolescent.
• Primary socialisation for a child is very important
because it sets the groundwork for all future
socialization.
• Primary socialisation occurs when a child learns the
attitudes, values, and actions appropriate to
individuals as members of a particular culture.
• It is mainly influenced by the immediate family and
friends.
• It has its base on a number of theories
Primary
Socialisation

6. Secondary
Socialisation
Secondary socialisation refers to the
socialisation that takes place throughout
one’s life,
It occurs in one’s childhood and as one
encounters new groups that require
additional socialisation.
Secondary socialisation refers to the process
of learning what is the appropriate behaviour
as a member of a smaller group within the
larger society.

7. Group socialisation / Peer group
• A peer group is a social group in which members are
usually the same age and have interests and social position
in common
• By becoming part of a peer group, children begin to break
away from their parents’ authority and learn to make
friends and decisions on their own
• Peer groups have a large impact on a child’s socialization
• Group socialisation is held that an individual’s peer groups,
influences his or her personality and behavior in
adulthood.
• Adolescents spend more time with peers than with
parents.
• Therefore, peer groups have stronger correlations with
personality development than parental figures do.
• Pressure from peers to engage in behaviour forbidden by
parents, such as skipping school or drinking alcohol, can be
difficult to resist

8. Gender Socialisation
An important part of socialisation is the learning of culturally defined gender roles.
Gender socialisation refers to the learning of behaviour and attitudes considered
appropriate for a given sex.
Boys learn to be boys and girls learn to be girls.
This learning happens by way of many different agents of socialisation.
Parents play a very significant role in gender socialisation

9. Anticipatory
socialisation
• Anticipatory
socialisation refers to
the processes of
socialisation in which a
person “rehearses” for
future positions,
occupations, and
social relationships.

10. Re-
socialisation
• Re-socialisation refers
to the process of
discarding former
behaviour patterns
and reflexes, accepting
new ones as part of a
transition in one’s life.

11. Racial
socialisation
and cultural
socialisation

12. Phases of socialisation
• Phase 1: The commencement of togetherness
commencement of marriage to birth of first child
two phases: establishment and expectation
Start of relationship to
marriage or moving in
together
Relationship is
established to birth of
children

13. Phases of socialisation
Phase 4
Couples with school-going children
• eldest child is 6 until the age of 13
Phase 3
Families and couples with preschool children
• eldest child is 30 months old until he/she is six years old
Phase 2 Child-bearing families and couples
• birth of first child until he/she is 30 months old

14. Phases of socialisation
Phase 8 Ageing families
• retirement until death of one or both parents
Phase 7
Families in the middle years (empty nest phase)
• phase lasts until parental retirement
Phase 6
Families as a launching centre
• eldest child may embark on a career/ tertiary education
• family getting smaller
Phase 5
Families with teenagers
• oldest child is 13 to 18 years old

15. Summary
• The value of knowledge of socialisation phases for the nursing
professionals in their task of guiding the patient to healing,
• lies in the fact that patients depending upon their socialisation phase
in which they find themselves,
• demonstrate particularly reactions to illness and hospitalization
• For example, nursing a baby or a young child requires different
nursing skills and insights from nursing a geriatric patient.

16. References
• Du Toit, D. & Le Roux, E. 2014. Nursing Sociology. 5th edition.
Pretoria: Van Schaik.
• Pretorius, E., Matebesi, Z. & Ackerman, L. 2013. Juta’s Sociology for
Healthcare Providers. South Africa: Juta and Company.