The document discusses the role of English in India's legal system. It notes that English continues to dominate areas like legal writings and court proceedings, despite India gaining independence from British colonial rule. Some lawyers interviewed acknowledge being more comfortable communicating in English than their local languages. While the lawyers are fluent in English, many of their clients are not, putting them at a disadvantage in court.

1. Communicating with Indians

2. When do we listen?

3. Informative

4. Relationship

5. Appreciative

6. Critical

7. Discriminative

8. What happens
when communication
fails?

9. People don’t get the message.

10. People lose interest in what other people are saying.

11. The speaker (and listener) loses face.

12. Everyone’s time is wasted.

13. Parts of a slide.Someone may lose an opportunity.

14. What affects
Listening
comprehension?

15. Lived in Taiwan since 2002
Sound

16. Medium

17. Person

18. Sound
Pace
Volume
Intonation

19. Conference Call

20. Meeting

21. One on One

22. Telephone

23. People and their
Accents

24. England

25. Ireland

26. Australia

27. America

28. France

29. Japan

30. Taiwan

31. India

32. •Agrawall (A-gra-waall)
•Bajpai (Baj-pie)
•Bandopadhyay (Ban-doe-po-dee-ya)
•Sharma (Shar-ma)
•Kurmar (Coo-mar)
•Dasgupta (Daass-goop-ta)
•Chatterjee (Cha-ter-gee)
Common Indian Surnames
•D’Costa (De-coas-ta)
•Patil (Pa-till)
•Sen (Sin)
•Singh (Seenga)
•Krishnan (Krish-nun)
•Mangal (Main-gull)
•Nair (Nie-ear)

33. Accent

34. Accent
Pronunciation
Linking
Intonation

35. Intonation

36. The police said he’s the prime SUSpect.
They susPECT that they were cheated.
Intonation

37. Intonation
to susPECT a SUSpect
to inCLINE an INcline
to conTRACT a CONtract
to inCREASE an INcrease
to obJECT an OBject
to deTAIL a DEtail
to conVICT a CONvict
to upDATE an UPdate

39. Indian English
Indian languages are syllable-timed.
Native English is stress-timed.
monotone

40. Listen like you’re reading

41. •Visualize the speech as text in your mind
•Deemphasize the intonation
•Maintain consistent focus on every comment
•Resist natural inclination to believe you know
what will be said next
Listen like you’re reading

42. Controlled Listening Practice
Listen and Repeat
Listen and Transcribe
Listen for Specifics
Listen for the Gist

43. Repetition Drill One
•It is in a sense the perfect storm.
•We were growing fairly strongly before the
financial crisis.
•But (it) turns out we didn’t have the kind of
spare capacity that industrial countries had.
•And so, we had high inflation.
•That had to be curbed with high interest
rates.

44. Repetition Drill Two
•I think you must also give credit to the industry.
•Because they could well have been positioned as low cost and
therefore low quality.
•And therefore there was a vision within that part of the
industry to say:
•Let’s not get colored as low quality.
•Let us be low cost but high quality.
•I would say to a large extent they succeeded in doing that.

46. Nearly two hundred years of British colonial rule of India ended in 1947. Perhaps the most lasting legacy is the English
language, which continues to play a central role in many areas of Indian life. However, at the time of Independence there
was a feeling among some groups in India that English should be rejected as the language of the coloniser. One of the
areas of Indian life which is still dominated by the English language is the legal system. All legal writings and most court
proceedings are in English.
Now we are saying that they do not have title therefore they could not have filed the present suit. What is their answer to
that in the objections? “Nothing. Nothing.” “Excellent.” “At this legal practice in Bangalore, even though the local language
is Kannada, English is the language in which they work.” “The legacy of colonialism is very important in the legal system.
English language is a very important factor because in India you have different states that speak different languages and
each of these languages have different dialects in there. Now if I were to go to the Supreme Court with a case and argue it
in my vernacular language, the Justice sitting up there wouldn’t understand what I was speaking of, therefore now it,
what English does is it unifies us, brings in a uniform system of language by which all of us address the court.”
“Everything is in English. The citations are in English, we argue in English language. We did not develop any law on our
own, we simply adapted what the English introduced to us for over a period of more than two hundred years they ruled
here. So those were the laws which were continued, in fact our constitution, it was first drafted in English. The
constitution of India is drafted in English. So right from the beginning and like I said you know I am, I am not very fluent
because of my medium of education was English when I was a kid. In college I studied in English so if you ask me to argue
a case in Hindi, I can’t do it for more than a minute. Because I think in English, my thought is in English because it’s my
mother tongue, virtually my mother tongue now.”
“I would say personally I am more confident conversing with people in English than conversing with people in Kannada
being my vernacular language. In fact my friends state that my vernacular language is really lousy.”
“Although these lawyers are fluent in the English language, many of their clients are not which puts them at a serious
disadvantage if they have to go to court.”
“I have basically from all strata’s of the society the clients visit me so there are certain clients who, it depends basically
on their education also to an extent. So when they have studied in the local schools here and they are from the mediocre
families, they speak in the local language and, but then whatever the proceedings we do in the court, regarding them
they are in English, which I have to then explain to them. I’m talking of people who have not studied more than higher,
who were not going above a school level.”
“In India English has been long established as a result of the country’s Colonial past. But this is a multilingual country
and English is just one of the many languages spoken here.
“I speak English, Hindi and Punjabi, that is my mother tongue. “”I can speak English, Hindi, Marathi, Bengali.”“ I speak
English, Telugu, Hindi.” “I speak English, Hindi, Tamil.” “My mother tongue is like Urdu, Hindi and I speak English and
Hindi with my friends.” “You see when I speak my mother tongue I am, I get emotionally attached to people so I speak
my mother tongue. If I find somebody who, who’s from my native, so I, to connect them I use my mother tongue. But
when I’m in my office environment or I have to take it, what you call professional decisions then English comes into the
picture. Yeah so when I am rational I have to be in English. So when I’m, I use the mother tongue, only when I’m
emotionally connected to people. Yeah.”
“Mixing languages is common place but not everyone approves of this practice.” “If we start mixing first of all the
impression is bad. Second thing is we’ll not be able to communicate the right thing. It’s important to speak in pure
English. That’s what I feel. It’s very important.” “We use English in our Hindi also, we call it Hinglish, Hindi plus English
in Hinglish. “”When I’m talking in English I won’t mix any other language but when, when I’m talking in Hindi or when
I’m talking in my mother tongue I use lot of English words. That happens.”

47. Listening for the Gist

48. Listening for the Gist
Think about the context
Make some guesses
Try not to be distracted by words you do not understand
Let the speaker finish before checking for understanding
Divide listening tasks with someone (gist and specifics)
Use language clues, which help predict what’s coming

49. Language Clues
“I would like to draw your attention to...”
“These figures suggest that...”
“I’m afraid that...”
“Moving on to...”
“Although...”, “On one hand...”,
Sequencers such as “Firstly...”, “Next...”
“I would like to conclude with...”

54. Indian Accent
think-tink
thought-taught
talk - dalk
to - do
those-doze
the-de
they-day
them-dim
th, t - t, d

55. •i-e sit-seat, tricky-treeky, million-meelion
•qu-gu quarantine- guarantine
•c-g cat-gat, kelly-gelly
•p-b pants-bants
•w,v (no difference)
I’m wearing a vest.
I’m vearing a vest.
More Indian Accent Differences

56. Indian English
The /ae/ sound in Black sound is closer
to / / as inɛ Red.
• The word bad sounds like bed.
• The word expand sounds like expend.

58. Answer Key
We started by setting up exhibitions on railway stations.
Ordinarily you know that nobody will come and see an
exhibition if it is (er)... organized in a hall, but in a railway
station there are always people and have a little time to spare.
They started coming to the exhibition, they started looking
around, and of course we tried to reach their minds by telling
them what the various matters are and you'd be surprised that we
could motivate quite a number of people in this very simple
fashion.
People always like elephants, - they're fantastic looking - and we
decided to acquire an elephant, paint it and we all taught it some
tricks.

59. Remote Control Listening
•Excuse me.
•Pardon me.
•One more time please.
•Could you please repeat that.
•Could you please speak a little slower.
•Could you please write that down for me.
•Could you please type that and message me.

61. Answer Key
About a couple of years back you had done one on
how E-commerce is catching up in rural India, how
people were buying washing machines and
refrigerators from you know, small towns. What is
this story about? How is it different from just a yea
back? How much has this E-commerce industry
changed? And the title, the new E-commerce gold
rush, so what are we talking about here?

63. Answer Key
It’s quite interesting that you should mention the last two covers that we did on E-commerc
The one before Flipcard was on how E-commerce is catching on in a big way and people eve
outside of our leading cities are buying (you know) refrigerators and ACs and TVs online.
I think a lot of that has for some reason slowed down. I mean, for instance, one of the hottes
companies was a company called Let’s Buy, which primarily sold electronics online. Flipcard
took over Let’s Buy because Let’s Buy had essentially run out of money and was desperate to
sell itself.
You know and I could be wrong on this. I don’t think personally the online electronics
category, especially in things like fridges, TVs, ACs, is as vibrant today as it was when we
wrote that story.
I think online competition has come down. E-commerce companies have figured out that…
look – it’s just not easy selling ACs online and delivering it. And there’s a lot of complexity.
So now, the rise of 3rd
party market places, which is what we’re calling the new gold rush.

64. Homework
Page 10-12
MP3 files will be emailed to you
Explore on-line listening resources

65. More practice-Page 12
http://forbesindia.com/audiolist.php
Podcasts and videos from India that cover the finance and business.
www.dialectsarchive.com/india
About 15 different Indians from different parts of the country
reading the same story with different accents
http://www.gazzaro.it/accents/files/accents2.html
A directory of global accents (including India) with transcripts
www.esl-lab.com
Good listening exercises
www.englishlistening.com
Good listening exercises
www.englishclub.com/listening/dictation.htm
Good dictation exercises
www.audiopuzzler.com
A listening puzzle game
www.npr.org
American public radio spoken at a comfortable pace
www.bbc.co.uk
British public radio
www.theindicast.com
Good pocasts covering India news

66. Communicating with Indians

67. Agenda
Homework
Review
Listening Resources and Plan
Listening Practice
Culture, Body Language and Names

68. Answer Key
1. Yes, it sounds like Praveen is optimistic
about the new scheme.
2. He mentioned that this was possibly the
one single technology tool that could bridge
the divide between the rich and poor.

69. You joined the project right at the beginning, attracted by what?
Attracted by the idea that this is possibly the one single technology
tool that can bridge the divide (ehhh) between what we call Bathat
and India. Bathat kind of refers to the seven hundred to eight
hundred million people that are excluded or are poor and India that
we see in this hotel right here.
Already there’s an impact on bank accounts. That’s one of the first
sort of signifiers, isn’t it? Yes, and I quote this a lot: In 220 years of
history of banking in the country, there are about two hundred and
sixty million unique bank accounts. In the last three years, there have
been ninety million new bank accounts that have been opened. And
in the next three years, there will be as many accounts, new people
that will get bank accounts, as we did in the last 200 years of banking
history.
Listening Key

70. Listening Key
Before we go any further, what is a 3rd
party
marketplace? In layman’s terms, what does it mean?
In layman’s terms, it’s what ebay was all these years.
What was ebay? Ebay essentially was a marketplace
where you could go and buy stuff. Where the site
where you are buying it from is not selling you the
stuff directly. Instead, it’s just a platform and
somebody else – a seller – is selling the product to
you.

71. Listening Key
So would that mean the business model of some of the players will
slowly shift from stock and sale, that some of these guys do, to having
this marketplace in place?
Internationally, 3rd
party marketplaces are enormously successful. In
most of the markets, in Asia for instance, 3rd
party marketplaces rule
the roost by far. Right, China, Japan, South Korea, Australia. The lion’s
share of the e-commerce market is held by 3rd
party marketplaces. In
India, what a Flipcard or a Jabon is attempting to do is to become a
hybrid, which essentially they’ll have their own 1st
party sales and
they’ll also have a 3rd
party platform, which is what Amazon already
does. Now Amazon is the only player of scale and size internationally
that has managed to do this successfully. Otherwise, most of the guys
are either 1st
party or they’re 3rd
party.

72. • Does he obJECT to that OBject sitting on your table?
• Can you go? (rising intonation)
• Are you ready? (rising intonation)
• When will you be ready? (falling intonation)
• When can we go? (falling intonation)
Intonation

73. Listen, Repeat and Check
Currently we have almost 53-54% market share.
Then next to us is probably 10%.
And we will go up the value chain.
Yes, I think this is a model we can say we invented.
And this is built on huge amount of trust.
When somebody 10,000 miles away ships work to you.

74. Indian Accent
think-tink
thought-taught
talk - dalk
to - do
those-doze
the-de
they-day
them-dim
th, t - t, d

75. Everything is in English. The citations are in English, we
argue in English language. We did not develop any law on our
own, we simply adapted what the English introduced to us for
over a period of more than two hundred years they ruled here.
So those were the laws which were continued, in fact our
constitution, it was first drafted in English. The constitution of
India is drafted in English. So right from the beginning and like
I said you know I am, I am not very fluent because of my
medium of education was English when I was a kid. In college
I studied in English so if you ask me to argue a case in Hindi, I
can’t do it for more than a minute. Because I think in English,
my thought is in English because it’s my mother tongue,
virtually my mother tongue now.
I would say personally I am more confident conversing with people in English than
conversing with people in Kannada being my vernacular language. In fact my friends
state that my vernacular language is really lousy.
Although these lawyers are fluent in the English language, many of their clients are not
which puts them at a serious disadvantage if they have to go to court.
I have basically from all strata’s of the society the clients visit me, so there are certain
clients who, it depends basically on their education also to an extent. So when they have
studied in the local schools here and they are from the mediocre families, they speak in
the local language and, but then whatever the proceedings we do in the court, regarding
them they are in English, which I have to then explain to them. I’m talking of people who
have not studied more than higher, who were not going above a school level.

76. On-line Listening Resources
www.npr.org
www.voanews.com

77. NPR Podcasts in iTunes
(on a notebook)

78. NPR Podcasts in iTunes
(on a notebook)

79. NPR Podcasts in iTunes
(on a notebook)

80. NPR Podcasts in iTunes
(on a notebook)

81. NPR Podcasts in iTunes
(on a notebook)

82. NPR Podcasts in iTunes
(on a notebook)

83. 1. Locating NPR Podcast Transcripts
(on a smartphone)

84. 2. Locating NPR Podcast Transcripts
(on a smartphone)

85. 3. Locating NPR Podcast Transcripts
(on a smartphone)

86. 4. Locating NPR Podcast Transcripts
Scroll Down for
Transcript
(on a smartphone)

87. 1. Locating NPR Podcast Transcripts
(on a notebook)

88. 2. Locating NPR Podcast
Transcripts(on a notebook)

89. 3. Locating NPR Podcast
Transcripts(on a notebook)

90. 4. Locating NPR Podcast
Transcripts(on a notebook)

91. 5. Locating NPR Podcast Transcripts
(on a notebook)

92. 1. www.voanews.com
(on a notebook)

93. 2. www.voanews.com
(on a notebook)

94. 3. www.voanews.com
(on a notebook)

95. 4. www.voanews.com
(on a notebook)

97. Remote Control Listening

99. A crore /ˈkr ərɔ /; abbreviated cr)
Ten million (10,000,000) which is written as (1,00,00,000).
A lakh läk, lakˈ ˈ
One Hundred Thousand (100,000) written as (1,00,000).
Used in India, Nepal, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka
23cr, that is 23,00,00,000 or 230,000,000 rupees.
Background
Vijay Mallya
United Spirits Limited
Diageo Liquor
Kingfisher Airlines

101. Part I
Mr. Vijay Mallya is having a garage sale. He has sold off his
stake in United Spirits Limited to Diageo, which is a
competing liquor brand.
I was surprised to find out that 53% of the liquor company
went for only 2 billion dollars. Oh, that’s still a lot of money 2
billion dollars (And I think) Is it really? You’re talking about
the leading brand, leading liquor brand in India. Okay if you
compare this with Flipcard, which is just an e-commerce tool,
which is barely six years ago it was valued at 1 billion dollars.
These valuations can be quite tricky. So, you’re saying, the
whole thing, the whole company was (valued), is valued, at
around 3.8 billion if you’re selling half of it for (for) 2 billion.

103. Part II
(Uhh) Yeah, (you know …I mean) they’ve (they’ve) been operational
forever. I mean. The brand itself should be 100 million or something like
that and they have so many other brands and that’s why it seems that this
was a distressed sale because he’s got to save his (uhhh) his airlines.
Yep, by November 30, the State Bank of India which is their largest
creditor to Kingfisher. Chaudhuri, who’s the MD, he said that boss, “You
have time until November 30. Here is 1 billion dollars. Not true debt. That
is not through loans, but through equity or by pooling in your own cash.
It was required because an airline which was flying just about 100 flights
with 20 planes which I think has come down to 5 as compared to 350 plus
with flights everyday with is on 65 planes (wow)…about a year ago.

105. Part III
I don’t know whether it’s mismanagement or just sheer
ignorance towards business that has led to this. It’s actually
very sad that after he sold off his stake in USL, (uhmmm) its
shares were up by 20%. It should be very depressing that
once you leave the company, the shares are actually going
up.
And you’re talking about competitors like Jet. Its losses are
narrowing. It was 730 crore rupees this time last year and
it’s just 100 crores now. Which is huge. It’s a significant
improvement. Exactly, and IndiGo, which is barely half as
old as Kingfisher has been making profits consistently. So
there are companies who are making money when this guy

106. Indian Culture

107. Is it just me?

108. Indianisms
Scribes = Reporters
Advocates = Lawyers
Differently abled = Handicapped
Pilots = Bus drivers
Professors = Teachers or lecturers
Opine = Express an opinion
Hotels = Small roadside restaurants
Bursting crackers = Firecrackers
Telephonic calls = Telephone calls
Prepone = Move up or push forward
Out of station = Out of Town

109. Namaste Na-ma-stayNamaskar Na-ma-skar

110. The Indian Head Shake

112. Beckon people palm down

113. Gesturing akimbo is argumentative

114. Be careful when you hear “I’ll try”
Really? I’ll try

115. Look away to give power

116. Use right hand to pass things

117. Indian Holidays
Raksha (Rakhi Purnima)
August 21, 2013
Davali (Deepvali, Diwali)
November 3, 2013
26 January
Republic Day
15 August
Independence Day
2 October
Mahatma Gandhi's Birthday

119. Accent Game
A. American E. British I. Indian
B. Australian F. Filipino J. Irish
C. Taiwanese G. French K. Japanese
D. Chinese H. Spanish L. Korean
1. ___ 5. ___ 9. ___
2. ___ 6. ___ 10. ___
3. ___ 7. ___ 11. ___
4. ___ 8. ___ 12. ___

120. Accent Game
1. B 5. C 9. D
2. A 6. G 10. E
3. K 7. I 11. H
4. F 8. J 12. L

121. Five Ws and 1 H
Who:
What:
Where:
When:
Why:
How:

122. Five Ws and 1 H
NPR's business news starts with a slowdown in India.
India's latest economic figures show that growth has slowed and forecasts for
the near future are gloomy. The government is under pressure to get things
back on track, so it's turned to a solution that we have been hearing a lot
about recently - austerity.
Elliot Hannon has this report from New Delhi.
The government announcing an austerity drive...
In Europe, the concept of austerity has meant deep and painful cuts in
government spending. India's effort, however, looks a little different.
...drive government banning its departments from holding meetings and
conferences in five-star hotels, foreign travel also to be restricted.
Good evening sir, welcome to The Oberoi.
Cutting back on Government meetings in glitzy hotels like this one
in New Delhi seems like window-dressing. But making deep
spending cuts in India is particularly difficult. Voters see
government largess as a right - and usually applaud pork barrel
spending.
Mihir Sharma, a columnist at The Business Standard, says the
government is trying to combat poverty, malnutrition and other
critical needs.
And a Snotty-nosed 27-year-old analyst on Wall Street might be
concerned that the government has not, in fact, announced a cut in
entitlements of one kind or another. But the truth is that most of the
entitlements that the government has handed out in the past 10 to 15
years are desperately needed.
Anyway, says Sharma, the concept of austerity is a bit
different in India.
What austerity actually does wind up meaning here is a very
sort of strange Gandhian thing, which is that we want our
leaders and our government to be demonstrating some sort of
personal commitment to an austere lifestyle.
The government has also said that it will cut 10 percent of
discretionary spending, and is putting a hiring freeze on the
civil service. But analysts say that's unlikely to make much of
a dent in India's $91 billion deficit.
For NPR News, I'm Elliot Hannon in New Delhi.

123. Five Ws and 1 H
Who: India’s government and
ployees (politicians and civil servants.
What: Slowdown in India has lead
an austerity drive/cut in entitlements
Where: New Delhi, India and the
ole country
When: Now. Columnist said
entitlements of last 10-15 years were
desperately needed.
Why: $91 billion government
spending deficit
How: Cuts in government
spending, e.g., banning departments from
holding meetings in 5-star hotels and
foreign travel to be restricted

124. Host or the Guest?
1. Guest
2. Host
3. Guest
4. Guest
5. Host

125. What Will Happen Next?
Work in groups to
Listen to the question and write it down
Discuss and predict the answer (be creative)
Comprehend the answer

127. Question 1
So, in terms of common sense, it shoul
work for everybody, right? They don’t
hold their own stock. It’s a marketplac
You have buyers and sellers. The best
price or the trade off between price an
delivery, etc., will win, right?

128. Answer 1
In theory Ravi Shake, absolutely, and this is great common sense.
Unfortunately, when it comes to e-commerce, not just in India, but around
the world, common sense is usually out of stock. In India too if you
noticed, there’s a reason why ebay didn’t run away with the e-commerce
market though it’s been around since 2004-2005. But it took the arrival of
Flipkart and most of the other guys to essentially supercharge the market
and create the e-commerce boom.
So in theory, you’re right, but in practice what actually happened is the
Indian consumer was unwilling to loosen her purse-strings in a market
place setting because she didn’t trust the guys selling it, there was no cash
on delivery, or that guy would promise something and something else
would arrive – too unpredictable.
And here comes Flipkart which said that look, place an order, sometimes you’ll get it
on the same day, sometimes you’ll get it by the next day, and in a small number of
cases, you might get in like in after two days, we’re sorry about that. And here’s great
customer service. If you don’t like it, just tell us – we’ll take it back. No problem. We’ll
refund your money. It’s a superb experience, right? And Indians were not used to that
even from established modern retailers.
And of course Flipkart and the others were able to do that because they had tens of
hundreds of millions of venture capital money to bill these services. That’s how the
market took off, but all good things must come to an end and you know venture
capital money, too. So a lot of these guys are now figuring out, we’re in a situation
where our cash fund is still pretty bad. We’re losing more money as we grow even
bigger, so we need to do something to bring that down.
3rd
party marketplace is therefore now being seen as a magic bullet, which as you
rightly pointed out, has a lot lesser cost as compared to operating your own inventory
and being a 1st
party marketplace.

130. Question 2
But at the same time, your
story in the end, it did also
mention that not everyone is
equally convinced.

131. Answer 2
For a 3rd
party marketplace to work, you need many of the other
supporting services. For instance, logistics, warehousing, interstate
commerce, to be fairly mature, and even suppliers, and they don’t
think that that’s happened yet. They believe that they’d still like to
solve the problem that they’re facing. (You know), how do I get
(more) better products to the consumers? How do I improve their
experience? How do I get it in their hands even faster? How do I
manage the return process? So they don’t want to divert themselves
from solving those problems by adding on another complex set of
problems around a 3rd
party marketplace.
I mean there’s a reason why most people like Flipkart. It’s predictable
It leads efficiency. That didn’t come about by using 3rd
party suppliers

133. Question 3
And this is the last question about
3rd
party marketplaces. Where do
you see this going? Especially,
what did some of the venture
capitalists have to say to you
about this new concept?

134. Answer 3
Venture capitalists are both excited as well as circumspect about
this. They’re excited because of all the reasons that we discussed.
An infinite number of new products and merchants can come to
your own platform and sell. And you as a fat-cat owner of that
platform, plainly take a cut out of every transaction that’s made.
Everybody always wants to be a platform because a platform takes
a cut out of everything that happens, right?
Now the reason why they’re also circumspect is that…let’s go back
to the title, right, The Goldrush. Or, the land grab. The fact is, not
everybody will be equally successful at this. Because in most
countries, you see maybe, two, three, four at the most marketplaces
tend to control the lion’s share of the market. And you may also
have some foreign players make an entry, right? Amazon already
has a face in India through junglee.com.