1. Determination of Anisotropy
in Impact Toughness of
Aluminium Alloy 2024 T3 Plate
Muhammad Habibullah Siddiqui
College of Aeronautical Engineering, Risalpur, Pakistan
2013 IEEE Aerospace Conference, Big Sky, MT

2. Sequence of Presentation
• Abstract
• Introduction
• Literature Review
• Experimental Work
• Experimental Results
• Discussion and Analysis
• Conclusion
2

3. Abstract
• Aimed to quantify the existence of anisotropy in the
impact toughness property of aluminium alloy 2024 T3
plate
• Results helpful in designing aircraft components
• Charpy V notch Impact Toughness test utilised
• Effect of specimen orientation was investigated
• Research validated by comparison with known results
• Maximum and minimum impact toughness orientations
were found
• Error analysis was carried out
It was concluded that anisotropy in impact toughness does
exist in Aluminium alloy 2024 T3 plate3

4. Introduction
• Usage of Aluminium Alloy 2024 T3
• Anisotropy; a physical property in metals and alloys
• An experiments-based research
• ASTM standard results taken as a reference
4

5. Literature Review
• Pioneering work by Dr. Alimullah Khan (1963)
• This research investigates the actual behaviour of
materials
• Cold working modifies the properties of materials
• Types of anisotropy as proposed by Klinger and Sachs
Crystallographic anisotropy
Anisotropy due to elongation
Anelastic anisotropy
• Using a mathematical approach, Hazlett verified the
existence of anisotropy in Aluminium alloy 2024 T3 plate
(1963) in theory
5

6. Experimental Work (1/2)
• Charpy Impact Testing
• ASTM Standard E 23 was followed
• Plate Directions
6

7. Experimental Work (2/2)
• Notch Direction
• Specimen Preparation
• Coding of Specimen
Orientation Symbol
L-S A
L-T B
T-S C
T-L D
7

8. Experimental Results (1/4)
• Testing at Reference Laboratory
8

9. Experimental Results (2/4)
• Results of the Experiments
9
SPECIMEN NO.
ABSORBED ENERGY (JOULES)
ORIENTATION
L-S(A) L-T(B) T-S (C) T-L(D)
1 15 9 20.5 16
2 15.5 10 20 15
3 15 9.5 19 16
4 13 11 20.1 16.5
5 14 10 21.46 16.87
6 15.5 10.5 19.95 16
7 16 10.11 18.81 16.23
8 15.6 9.52 20.79 15.9
9 15 10.7 19.1 16.23
10 17.51 11.29 19.5 15.6
11 16.1 10.1 20.79 16.87
12 15.5 9.02 19.46 16.23
13 14.6 9.9 19.83 16.23
14 14.4 10.6 20.13 15.6
15 15.25 11 20.13 16.87
16 13.96 11.29 20.13 16.87
17 15.65 10.7 20.13 16.23
18 14.23 11.2 20.13 16.23
MEAN 15.10 10.30 20 16.20
ASTM VALUE 15 10 U/A U/A

10. Experimental Results (3/4)
• Fractography of Notch Surfaces of each orientation
L-S L-T
T-S T-L10

11. Experimental Results (4/4)
• Visual Comparison of Fractured Surfaces
L-S L-T
T-S T-L
11

12. Discussion and Analysis (1/2)
• Reliable Results
• Anisotropy successfully determined
• Comparison with known results
12

13. Discussion and Analysis (2/2)
• Error Analysis
Possible Causes of Error
Percentage errors of different orientations
13
4.95
6.15
2.6
3.92
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
L-S L-T T-S T-L
PERCENTAGEERRORS
ORIENTATIONS
ERROR ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT ORIENTATIONS

14. Conclusion
• Charpy Impact energy of different orientations was found
different, hence anisotropy determined
T-S orientation of the plate exhibited maximum impact toughness
L-T orientation exhibited minimum impact toughness
• Results of research are reliable and valid
• Research can form a corner stone for further study
14

15. Thank You
15

16. Biographies (1/3)
• Muhammad Habibullah Siddiqui received his
Bachelors degree in Aerospace Engineering
from College of Aeronautical Engineering,
National University of Sciences and Technology,
Risalpur, Pakistan in 2008.
• Served as maintenance supervisor in an
operational flight line for two years
• Currently, a part of an aircraft manufacturing facility
chakkolehri@hotmail.com
16

17. Biographies (2/3)
• Dr. Fahim Hashmi is an Aerospace engineer by profession.
• Earned Masters and PhD from Beijing University of
Aeronautics and Astronautics in the field of Materials Science
and Engineering specializing in structural integrity
assessment and failure analysis
• Formerly, served as Head of Aerospace Engineering Dept at
College of Aeronautical Engineering, Risalpur, Pakistan
• Now, heading the Failure Analysis Centre at the School of
Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of
Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
17

18. Biographies (3/3)
• Mr. Ahmad Junaid is an Aerospace Engineer.
• Earned his BE (Aerospace) and MS (Structures) from
College of Aeronautical Engineering, Risalpur, Pakistan. He
has also served as an associate professor for five years in
the same college.
• Presently, a part of the project planning office in an aircraft
manufacturing facility.
18