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Crowd-sourcing ecology:
Predicting plant attractiveness to
pollinators from internet image searches
Christie Bahlai and Douglas Landis
Michigan State University
Restoring landscapes to support
pollinators
Use plant communities that are:
Attractive
Diverse
Locally adapted
Native
Common garden experiments
Soil types
Local climate
Is there a better way?
Goal: identify candidate plants for locally customized
habitat restoration
Can we use existing
data to help narrow
our search?
Hypothesis
People like to take pictures of plants in bloom
People like to post pictures on the internet
Some of the pictures will capture insect visitations
Plants that are highly
attractive to pollinators
will be photographed
being visited by
pollinators more
frequently
Ellen Booraem, http://ellenbooraem.blogspot.com/
Approach
Determine search terms and engines to use
Search for images of plants with experimentally known
pollinator visitation rates
See if relative visitation rate observed in searches
‘predicts’ relative
attractiveness of flower
Search terms and engines
Plant species Search term
Search
engine Latin name Common name
"Beneficial
Insect" "Insect" "Bee"
"Honey
Bee"
Bing
Vicia faba Fava Bean 0 (7) 0 6 1 (17)
Fagopyrum
esculentum Buckwheat 0 (7) 5 8 3
Coriandrum sativum Coriander 0 (19) 0 3 0 (27)
Lobularia maritima Sweet Alyssum 1 1 3 4
Anethum graveolens Dill 0 0 1 0 (21)
Total 1 6 21 8
Google
Vicia faba Fava Bean 2 3 11 8
Fagopyrum
esculentum Buckwheat 1 3 7 4
Coriandrum sativum Coriander 1 4 2 2
Lobularia maritima Sweet Alyssum 1 1 2 2
Anethum graveolens Dill 1 3 0 0
Total 6 14 22 16
Testing the association
Existing surveys:
Tuell et al 2008 (Apis and
non-Apis bees)
Fieldler 2006 (Syrphid flies)
Search Google images for “[plant species] bee”
Record number of images with each taxa in them
Photos: John Severns, Wojciech Ochwat, Kevin Hall
Results
Results
Relationships between visitation
rates in field for non-Apis bees,
syrphids
No relationship for Apis bees
Model
Slope (field/
images) Pseudo-R2
Apis bees - -
Non-Apis bees* 0.10±0.04 0.668
Syrphids 0.08±0.72 0.003
Discussion
Neat! It worked (for non-Apis bees)!
Why were no relationships observed for Apis bees?
Photos: John Severns, Wojciech Ochwat, Kevin Hall
Applications
“Passive crowdsourcing”
More information
See complete data+ analysis for this experiment on
GitHub (cbahlai/Bee_images)
Thank you!
Data collection: Julia Perrone
Photos: Carolyn Malmstrom, Ashley Bennett,
Rufus Isaacs

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Crowd sourcing ecology: using the internet to develop hypotheses about pollinator preferences

  • 1. Crowd-sourcing ecology: Predicting plant attractiveness to pollinators from internet image searches Christie Bahlai and Douglas Landis Michigan State University
  • 2. Restoring landscapes to support pollinators Use plant communities that are: Attractive Diverse Locally adapted Native
  • 3. Common garden experiments Soil types Local climate
  • 4. Is there a better way? Goal: identify candidate plants for locally customized habitat restoration Can we use existing data to help narrow our search?
  • 5. Hypothesis People like to take pictures of plants in bloom People like to post pictures on the internet Some of the pictures will capture insect visitations Plants that are highly attractive to pollinators will be photographed being visited by pollinators more frequently Ellen Booraem, http://ellenbooraem.blogspot.com/
  • 6. Approach Determine search terms and engines to use Search for images of plants with experimentally known pollinator visitation rates See if relative visitation rate observed in searches ‘predicts’ relative attractiveness of flower
  • 7. Search terms and engines Plant species Search term Search engine Latin name Common name "Beneficial Insect" "Insect" "Bee" "Honey Bee" Bing Vicia faba Fava Bean 0 (7) 0 6 1 (17) Fagopyrum esculentum Buckwheat 0 (7) 5 8 3 Coriandrum sativum Coriander 0 (19) 0 3 0 (27) Lobularia maritima Sweet Alyssum 1 1 3 4 Anethum graveolens Dill 0 0 1 0 (21) Total 1 6 21 8 Google Vicia faba Fava Bean 2 3 11 8 Fagopyrum esculentum Buckwheat 1 3 7 4 Coriandrum sativum Coriander 1 4 2 2 Lobularia maritima Sweet Alyssum 1 1 2 2 Anethum graveolens Dill 1 3 0 0 Total 6 14 22 16
  • 8. Testing the association Existing surveys: Tuell et al 2008 (Apis and non-Apis bees) Fieldler 2006 (Syrphid flies) Search Google images for “[plant species] bee” Record number of images with each taxa in them Photos: John Severns, Wojciech Ochwat, Kevin Hall
  • 10. Results Relationships between visitation rates in field for non-Apis bees, syrphids No relationship for Apis bees Model Slope (field/ images) Pseudo-R2 Apis bees - - Non-Apis bees* 0.10±0.04 0.668 Syrphids 0.08±0.72 0.003
  • 11. Discussion Neat! It worked (for non-Apis bees)! Why were no relationships observed for Apis bees? Photos: John Severns, Wojciech Ochwat, Kevin Hall
  • 13. More information See complete data+ analysis for this experiment on GitHub (cbahlai/Bee_images)
  • 14. Thank you! Data collection: Julia Perrone Photos: Carolyn Malmstrom, Ashley Bennett, Rufus Isaacs

Editor's Notes

  1. Examine first 30 search results