Science 10 4 Types of Mountain Distribution of Mountains

2.  A landform that rises at least 1,000 feet (300 meters) or more above its surrounding
area.
 A mountain range is a series or chain of mountains that are close together.

4.  When a layer of rock compress or converge and push upward,
they produce a protruding piece of land that becomes a folded
mountain.
 Such mountains undergo the process of orogenesis, which is
the thrusting and folding of the continental crust that forms a
mountain range.

5.  Folded mountains can have an upward and downward folds.
Anticlines – upward folds
Synclines – downward folds
Himalayas (Asia) Ural (Russia)

6.  Fault-block mountains are formed by fractures on Earth’s crust which break up into several blocks or
chunks.
 A fault divides a piece of land into two separate blocks.
 Heat and pressure caused by a plate movement can lift one block and pull down the other to form a
mountain.

7.  As one block elevates and the other sinks, a depression forms between them.
 Erosion from the elevated portion will fill up this depression and gradually create a slope that evolves
into a fault-block mountain
Sierra Nevada (U.S.A)

9.  Volcanic mountains or volcanoes, are mountains which spews lava on the surface of
the Earth.
 They are formed from the materials arising from the interior of the Earth and
accumulating on the surface.
 Volcanic mountains usually starts out as a simple crack on the crust that extends deep
into the inner layers of the earth; this fissure in the ground is called a volcanic vent.

11.  Residual mountains are formed
by the erosion of debris from an
elevated area. This process is
known as denundation, in
which the parts of an elevated
portion of land wear away and
form another landform on the
surface.
Aravalli Mountains (India)

14.  Encompasses regions of:
 North and South America
 Southeast Asia
 the Aleutian islands in Alaska
 Southern part of Japan
 New Zealand
 Some of major mountain ranges along the 40,000 kilometer-belt of Ring of Fire

16.  The Andes is the longest
mountain range in the world,
extending 7,000 km along the
western coast of South
America and intersecting parts
of Columbia, Peru, Chile,
Venezuela, Bolivia, and
Argentina

17.  The Alpine-Himalayan Belt extends from Atlantic region of northern Africa to the far
eastern side of Sumatra, Indonesia, intersecting the Alps mountains and the
Himalayas among other mountain range

18.  The Alps mountains encompasses the south-central region of Europe, reaching 1,126
km along the southern coast of France to the coastline of Albania in southeastern
Europe.
 The highest peak of the range in Mont Blanc , which rises to a height of 4,807 m
 The Himalayas, runs for 2,414 km along the southern region of Asia, tracing he
boundary between the Indian subcontinental plate and the Tibetan Plateau, which
streches across regions of Central and East Asia.

19.  Mount Everest, the highest mountain in the world, is a segment of Himalayas located
on the boundary separating Nepal and Tibet.
 The highest point of Mount Everest rises to a height of 8,848 m above sea level.