1. MODERN PHYSICS

6. Newton’s personal copy of the first edition of Principia Mathematica with handwritten corrections for the second edition.

8. Newtonian mechanics (based on universal absolutes) versus quantum mechanics (based on universal probabilities)

9. Development, growth, and evolution of physical science: from order (Scientific Revolution, The Enlightenment, and Age of Reason) to chaos (Age of Anxiety; World War I, II; breakdown and disintegration of the Enlightenment Order)

11. Max Planck worked on the problem of describing black body radiation

14. Albert Einstein: Theory of Relativity E = MC 2

15. Werner Heisenberg: Principle of Uncertainty, or Indeterminacy

16. Erwin Schrödinger Schrödinger equation is an equation that describes how the quantum state of a physical system changes in time. It is as central to quantum mechanics as Newton’s laws are to classical physics .

17. Schrödinger's Cat : Dead or Alive? idea of entanglement: does the condition or state of the cat inside of the box depend on the observer? or, is the cat independent of the observer?

18. Niels Bohr Principle of complementarity : items can be analyzed separately as having contradictory properties (particle-like or wave-like)

20. chaos = unpredictability

21. The Butterfly Effect small variations of the initial conditions of a dynamical system may produce large variations in the long term behavior of the system

25. entropy : measurement of the disorder of a system Rudolf Clausius originated the concept of entropy.

26. phase transition : transformation of a thermodynamic system from one phase to another; at phase-transition point, physical properties may undergo abrupt change; for example, volume of the two phases may be vastly different; imagine transition of liquid water into vapor at boiling point; in common usage, the term is used to denote transitions between states (solid, liquid, gas) of matter; comparable to tipping point

27. thermodynamics : conversion of heat energy into other forms (esp. chemical, electronic, and mechanical); historically, thermodynamics developed out of need to increase the efficiency of early steam engines 1890s-vintage triple-expansion marine engine that powered the SS Christopher Columbus

29. The mushroom cloud (r) over Nagasaki, Japan after the detonation of “Fat Man,” a gravity bomb (l), on August 9, 1945.

30. practical impact of modern physics and quantum mechanics : atom bombs; nuclear energy and power plants; advances in molecular and chemical biology; observation and description of DNA/RNA; space exploration; X-ray lasers, compact disc players, and bar code readers; transistors, computers and many, many other developments. Francis Crick, who along with James D. Watson co-discovered the molecular structure of DNA, was influenced by the work of physicist Erwin Schrödinger.

31. Nuclear energy : “The nation's oldest nuclear power plant…Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station…generates enough electricity to power 600,000 homes a year. It provides 9 percent of New Jersey's electricity. Oyster Creek's boiling-water reactor is considered obsolete by today's standards. It went online December 1, 1967.” [ Source: Wayne Parry, “Oldest US nuclear plant gets a new 20-year license.” (April 8, 2009), Associated Press.] Source : Diagram, map, and photo from The Press of Atlantic City (April 9, 2009)

33. Two-dimensional projection of a three-dimensional analogy of space-time curvature described in General Relativity.