1. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
Type 1 Possible conditions
If / unless + present simple, will/ modal + infinitive
If you don’t study, you won’t pass the exam
Unless you study, you won’t pass the exam
Condition Result
He will get angry if you shout at him
Type 2 Improbable or hypothetical conditions
If/ unless + past simple, would/could/might + infinitive
If I were you, I would talk to her
What could you do if you won the lottery?
Type 3 Impossible conditions
If + past perfect simple, would/ could/ might + have + participle
If you had come with us, you would have enjoyed much
I could have phoned you if you’d given me your telephone number
*If can be replaced by…
when: It’s used for habitual situations
When I leave work, I usually go to the gym
If I am late to work, my boss gets angry. That’s why I’m always on time
Unless: It means ‘if not’
Unless she comes, we’ll get bored = If she doesn’t come, we’ll get bored
In case: It’s used for taking precautions, doing something
because something else may happen
I’ll take the umbrella in case it rains
Providing as/ as long as: It adds the meaning of ‘only’ to
the usual meaning of ‘if’
My parents will let me go as long as I arrive before midnight