1. STATE OF THE ART INNOVATION and
TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER of CANEPHORA in THE
MAIN PRODUCTION COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD
INDONESIA
By
Pranoto Soenarto
Association of Indonesian Coffee
Exporters And Industries (AEKI/AICE)
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE COFFEE CANEPHORA
June 12, 2012, at Vitoria Convention Center, Vitoria - ES

2. Role of Coffee on the Indonesia Economics
 Main source income for some 2 million farmer’s
families in the remote areas
 Share to GNP :
 10,7 % to GNP Agriculture
 0,57 % to GNP Non oil & gas
 0,44 % to GNP in Total
*Average of recent 5 years

4. The Progress of INDONESIAN Coffee
Indonesia the 3rd Biggest Coffee Producer in the WORLD

6. INDONESIAN COFFEE HISTORY

7.  Arabica Coffee (Coffea Arabica)
 Arabica coffee is a type of coffee plants that first entered
Indonesia in 1696
 Arabica Coffee Plants damaged by flood.
 New coffee Arabica seedlings arrived back to Indonesia in 1699.
 The first Arabica coffee grown in the area around Jakarta and
West Java.
 Arabica coffee Plantation then develop to other areas in
Indonesia.

8.  For one century, Arabica coffee grown as farmer plantation
(small holders)
 In the early 19th century , Arabica coffee plantation began to
develop large private estate in Central Java (Semarang & Kedu)
and in east java (Kediri & Malang) at the end 19th.
 Arabica coffee grown in Indonesia for nearly 2 centuries
 In 1876, arabica Coffee crops suffered a set back due to leaf rust
disease (Hemileia Vastatrix)
 Arabica coffee crop was left only in the high area ( 1000 above
sea level)

9.  Liberica Coffee (Coffea Liberica)
 Arrived to Indonesia in 1875 to replace the Arabica Coffee
Plants that damaged due to leaf rust disease.
 In fact, Liberica coffee also not resitant to leaf rust disease.
 It was less preferred because too acidic.

10.  Robusta Coffee (Coffea Canephora)
 Entered to Indonesia in 1900
 In fact, Robusta coffee have more advantages then arabica coffee
and liberica coffee, such as:
 Relatively resistance to leaf rust disease.
 More easily maintained
 Require terms of robusta coffee grown are easier (400 – 800
meters from above sea level)
 Production is much higher.
 Expand throughout some region in Indonesia, until now.

11. ROBUSTA COFFEE
DEVELOPMENT IN INDONESIA
 Robusta coffee plants growing in Indonesia especially in
Sumatera island covering Lampung, Bengkulu, South Sumatera; Java
island covering Central Java and East Java; Bali and South Celebes.
Year Area (acres) Production (Ton)
Estate Farmer total Estate Farmer Total
1959 47,291 208,877 256,168 18,998 65,281 84,279
1962 45,126 242,475 287,601 12,559 99,121 111,680
1965 40,356 259,694 300,050 91,457 91,457 182,914
1968 38,259 328,378 366,637 13,824 143,341 157,165
2010 48,674 1,219,802 1,268,476 28,677 655,399 684,076

12.  From the Dutch Colonial Era until now, Robusta
Coffee become export commodities.
Years Volume (Ton) Value (000 US $)
1959 38,943 18,883
1962 58,530 12,599
1965 108,286 31,637
1968 82,087 42,970
1969 104,000 49,800
2010 447,494 846,542

13. 1. COFFEE PLANTATION

16. A. Planted Area
Year 2011* = 1.308.000 hektar
Arabica = 296.854 hektar (22.70%)
Robusta = 1.011.146 hektar (77.30%)
* prakiraan/estimate
Last 5 years(2007–2011*): don’ t show any significant
progress
Arabica Coffee : average increase at 6,0%
Robusta Coffee : average decrease at 1,0%

17. Distribution of Coffee Growing Areas in
Indonesia
Sulawesi
Sumatra
Kalimantan
Irian Jaya
Jawa
Robusta Coffee Bali
Arabica Coffee

18. Tabel 1. Land Areas and Indonesia Coffee Production
Areal, ha Produksi, ton
(Area, ha) (Production, ton)
Arabica Robusta Total Arabica Robusta Total
Tahun
Year
2007 228.931 1.058.478 1.287.409 124.098 549.088 673.186
2008 239.476 1.063.417 1.302.893 129.660 553.278 682.159
2009 281.398 984.839 1.266.237 147.631 534.961 682.938
2010 283.343 985.133 1.268.476 148.487 534.961 683.448
2011* 296.854 1.011.146 1.308.000 155.383 553.617 709.000
Source : Ministry of Agriculture, 2011

19. B. Coffee Production
Indonesia Coffee Production
2007 = 673.186 Metric Ton
increase 5,3% or 1,3% annually
2011* = 709.000 Metric Ton
Arabica
2007 = 124.098 Metric Ton
increase 25.0% or 6,25% annualy
2011* = 155.383 Metric Ton
Robusta
2007 = 549.088 Metric Ton
increase 0.8% or 0,2% annually
2011* = 553.617 ton
* estimate/target

20.  Coffee Production in year 2010 and 2011 can’t fulfill the
Target due to CLIMATE CHANGE (global warming)
 Coffee Production in year 2010 and 2011 are only
530.000 Metric Ton
 In some area Farmers have already change coffee plant
with cacao plant and palm tree.

21. C. Coffee Producers
Small Holder (Farmers)
Mature area : 890.000 hectare
Production per year : 650.000 tones (92,0%)
Average of product per hectare : 730 kilogram/ha
Government
Mature area : 18.000 hectare
Production per year : 15.000 tones ( 4,0%)
Average of product per hectare : 833 kilogram/ha
Private
Mature area : 20.000 hectare
Production per year : 15.000 tones ( 4,0%)
Average of product per hectare : 750 kilogram/ha

22. Coffee Farmers in Indonesia :
 Approximately 1.9 Million head
 The average area own by farmers only 0.8 Hectar/Head
 Education level average Elementary (SD) thru High School
(SMA)
 Plantation Systems are very traditional way
 In Marketing, they depend on loan shark and collector

23. Government Estate :
1 . PTP Nusantara IX, Central Java with total production
appoximately 1.000 Metric Ton/year on Robusta
2. PTP Nusantara XII, East Jawa with total production 8,000
Metric Ton/year on Arabica and 2,000 Metric Ton/year on
Robusta.
Private Estate :
1. Approximately 10 companies
2. It’s getting lesser since 1998 when crisis economy in
1998
3. Cooperative within Farmers or Paople who live around
forest with Department of Forestry

24. 2. COFFEE EXPORT

25. Tabel. Indonesia Coffee Export
Volume Value
Year Tones 000 US$
2005 424,276 579,754
2006 307,883 497,615
2007 312,084 622,606
2008 421,784 923,542
2009 505.381 803.564
2010 443.766 777.949
2011* 265.409 700.937
* Until August 2011

26.  In year 2010 Indonesia coffee export volume decreased
12.5%, and country devisa income from coffee commodity
decreased 3.2% compare to year 2009.
 In year 2011 Indonesia coffee export volume by end of year
will be approximately only 400.000 Metric Ton, but country
devisan income from coffee commodities will hit record high
at USD.1 Million (increased by 30%) compare to year 2010.
 Percentage of Indonesia Coffee export, still dominated by:
* Robusta Coffee : 80%
* Arabica Coffee : 15% and the rest is
* Solubel coffee at: 5%
 German, USA and Japan are still main destination for
Indonesia Coffee

27. Tabel. Indonesia Coffee Export base on Coffee Type
(Tones, US D)
Year Arabica Robusta Others Total
Volume Value Volume Value Volume Value Volume Value
2006 67,775 169,901 227,620 294,164 12,481 33,263 307,876 497,328
2007 50,952 141,926 247,852 425,332 13,279 55,343 312,083 622,601
2008 59,735 228,072 348,187 630,917 13,843 64,553 421,765 923,542
2009 62,854 172,909 434,430 608,304 8,098 22,351 505,382 803,564
2010 78,036 223,491 357,591 534,872 8,342 23,403 443,969 781,766
2011* 44,875 237,759 212,160 444,869 5,374 18,310 262,409 700,938
* Until August 2011

28. Tabel. Average Indonesia Coffee Export at last 5 years
No Country Volume Percentage
1 German 75,000 17.44
2 USA 68,000 15.81
3 Japan 51,000 11.86
4 Italy 26,000 6.05
5 Belgium 25,000 5.81
6 Algier 20,000 4.65
7 Philipine 15,000 3.49
8 Others 150,000 34.88
9 Total 430,000 100.00

29. 3. COFFEE CONSUMPTION

30.  In year 2011 : 0,9 kg/capita/year
In year 2000 : 0,7 kg/capita/year
In year 1989 : 0,5 kg/capita/year
 They have several factors which increase Coffee
Consumption in Indonesia:
 Living Standard s are getting better
 Coffee become favorite choice as refreshing drink which
will help to awake us..Its favor by young and old generation
,students, workers.
 The ways to consume coffees easier and more varieties
 The growth of finish product coffee industrial
 Trend aand life style of people toward modern countries
 The advance of Media Communication and Publication

32. 4. Finish Products Coffee
industrial

33. Downstream Industry of Coffee in Indonesia
2006 2007 2008
Number of Companies,in unit 77 77 79
Total Capacity in Ton 163,390 163,390 164,200
Real Production in Ton 133,459 137,215 141,450
(76 %) (78 %) (80 %)
Export in Ton 12,006 14,096 15,506
Import in Ton 5,696 5,815 6,105
Labours (in force) 17,915 17,915 17,995
Sources: Industrial Dept. (2009)

34. COFFEE EXPANSION POLICY
INDONESIA

35. 1. Increasing Indonesia Coffee
Production

36. A. Intensification Program
- For Arabica and Robusta Coffee
- Fertilizing:
o Robusta Coffee : Organic Fertilizer and NPK
o Arabica Coffee : Organic Fertilizer
- Replanting old trees with Better seed
- In force Good Agriculture Practices (GAP)
- Using friendly environment chemical to kill diseases
B. Extensification Program
- For Arabica Coffee
- Using lands above 1.000 m sea level
- Under shaded trees (under supervision department of
Forestry)

37. C. Goverment,Resaerch Insitute and Private Organization
back up
- Government back up in funds
- Back up by ICCRI in readiness of BEST seeds
- Back up by Association and Private Institute
- Back up by Manufactures with their CSR (Corporate Social
Responsibility)
D. Targeting for Increasing Productions :
In 15 years time, we will double the productions up to 1.5
Million Metric Ton

38. 2. Coffee Protection

39. - Registration of Speciality Coffee at Geografis Indication
- Speciality that have already had Geografis Indication :
Gayo Coffee
Bali Kintamani Coffee
- In Process for Geografis Indication :
Flores Coffee
Toraja Coffee
- In Indentification of Characteristics of Indonesian
Speciality Coffees thru out the countries side like
Luwak Coffee
Preanger Coffee and etc

43. INDONESIAN SPECIALITY
COFFEE

44. INDONESIA SPECIALITY COFFEE
WHICH HAVE BEEN KNOWN IN THE WORLD
- Mandheling Coffee
TASTE : Full body, neutral, Good acidity
Export Potential : 40,000 ton
Main Market : USA, Eropa dan Jepang
- Gayo Coffee
Taste : Full body, Good acidity
Export Potential : 80,000 ton
Main Market : USA, Eropa, Jepang

45. - Java Coffee
Taste : Fine Acidity, exotic flavour
Export Potential : 12,000 ton
Main Market : Jepang, USA, Eropa
- Toraja Coffee
Taste : Good acidity, smooth, nice mellow
Export Potential : 4,000 ton
Main Market : Jepang, USA, Eropa

46. FUTURE POTENTIAL NEW SPECIALITY COFFEES
- WEST JAVA : Preanger Coffee
Location : Bandung Municipal (Pangalengan)
Potential Production : 1,200 ton
- Bali : Kintamani Coffee, Bali Coffee
Location : Buleleng and Tabanan Municipal
Potential Production : 4,000 ton
- Lampung : Robusta Spesialti Coffee
Location : West Lampung
Potential Production : 2.000 ton

47. - Eastern Nusa Tenggara : Banjawa Coffee
Location : Banjawa Municipal
Potential Production : 2,000 ton
- Papua : Jaya Wijaya Coffee
Location : Manokwari Municipal
Potential Production : 700 ton