Paper requirement The final paper is similar to the assignments insofar as it addresses a particular moral issue through the concepts and notions developed during this class. However, the paper must present a more articulated, sophisticated, and nuanced argument, which draws from multiple sources, views, and theories. In effect, students will write a 2000 words paper discussing a moral issues. The final paper should discuss at least TWO sources (e.g., articles, books, book chapters, etc.) that we did not discuss in class. The Final Paper is worth 250 pt. More on this forthcoming © 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin Conflict and Conflict Resolution Chapter 5 © 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 5-2 Nature of Conflict  Conflict inevitable in relationships  Management of conflict key  Potential for growth or relationship crisis  If not resolved…continues to grow © 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 5-3 Hierarchy of Conflict © 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 5-4 Myths About Anger & Conflict  Caused by others  Best way to deal with anger is to let it all out  Best way to deal with anger is to keep it all in….  Anger is a beneficial emotion  Anger is a bad emotion…  Prevents others from taking advantage of you  Does it? © 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 5-5 “Lerner’s Styles of Dance”  Pursurers  Seek togetherness when anxious  Underfunctioners  Become less competent under stress  Overfunctioners  Tend to take charge in tough times  Distancers  Want emotional space when stress is high  Blamers  Others responsible for problems © 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 5-6 “The Dance of Anger”  Metaphor to describe how individuals deal with anger and stress and the impact on one’s partner—the “dance” of the couple  Gendered norms…  Women  Encouraged to overfunction in areas of housework, child work and feelings work  Other areas women are socialized to be pursuers and underachievers  Men  Socialized to be distancers and overfunctioners Lerner, 1985 © 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 5-7 Approaches to Conflict Resolution: “Fighting Fairly”  Negotiate from adult position  Avoid ultimatums  If one loses, both lose  Say what you really mean  “You’re a jerk,” vs. “You really hurt my feelings with XYZ and it makes me want to call you names.  Own your feelings  Avoid accusations and attacks  State wishes clearly  Check your perceptions for accuracy Crosby, 1991 © 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 5-8 Approaches to Conflict Resolution: “Fighting Fairly”  Never use sex to settle disagreements  …it can be used for healing however  Repeat the message you think you received  Refuse to fight dirty  Resist silent treatment  Focus o.

1. Paper requirement
The final paper is similar to the assignments insofar as it
addresses a particular moral issue through the concepts and
notions developed during this class. However, the paper must
present a more articulated, sophisticated, and nuanced
argument, which draws from multiple sources, views, and
theories. In effect, students will write a 2000 words paper
discussing a moral issues. The final paper should discuss at
least TWO sources (e.g., articles, books, book chapters, etc.)
that we did not discuss in class. The Final Paper is worth 250
pt. More on this forthcoming
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights
reserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Conflict and Conflict
Resolution
Chapter 5
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
5-2
Nature of Conflict

2. crisis
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
5-3
Hierarchy of Conflict
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
5-4
Myths About Anger & Conflict
in….

3. © 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
5-5
“Lerner’s Styles of Dance”
n anxious
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
5-6
“The Dance of Anger”
anger and stress and the impact on one’s

4. partner—the “dance” of the couple
ousework, child
work and feelings work
underachievers
Lerner, 1985
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
5-7
Approaches to Conflict Resolution:
“Fighting Fairly”
and it makes me want to call you names.

5. Crosby, 1991
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
5-8
Approaches to Conflict Resolution:
“Fighting Fairly”

6. closure
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
5-9
Constructive and Destructive
Approaches
for similarities
Constructive approaches Lead to Growth and Intimacy
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

7. 5-10
Styles of Conflict Resolution
interests
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
5-11
Competitive Style
Kilmann & Thomas, 1975

8. © 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
5-12
Collaborative Style
Kilmann & Thomas, 1975
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
5-13
Compromise Style
partner’s interest

9. to find best solution
Kilmann & Thomas, 1975
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
5-14
Avoidance Style
characterize style
Kilmann & Thomas, 1975
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

10. 5-15
Accommodating Style
elf interest for partners
cooperative behavior
road
Kilmann & Thomas, 1975
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
5-16
Resolving Conflict: Six Basic Steps
—“this for that”

11. —“this for this”
the agreements
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.©
2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights
reserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Communication and Intimacy
Chapter 4
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Table 4.1 Communication Strengths of
Happy Couples vs. Unhappy Couples
STRENGTH Happy
Couples
Unhappy
Couples
Very satisfied with how we

12. talk
90% 15%
Partner understands how I
feel
79% 13%
Easy to express feelings 96% 30%
Partner is very good listener 83% 18%
Partner does not put me
down
79% 20%
Olson & Olson, 2000
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Top Five Communication Issues for Married
Couples—Percent with Problems
1. Wish my partner were more willing to share
feelings
2. Have difficulty asking partner for what I want
3. Partner does not understand how I feel

13. 4. Partner often refuses to discuss
issues/problems
5. Partner makes comments that put me down
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Conversational Style and Gender:
LISTENING STYLE
Masculine
-
huh”
stions to analyze
speaker’s information
Feminine
contact

14. information
Source: “ War of the Words: Women Talk About How Men and
Women Talk ” by P . Meier , January 6, 1991 ,
Minneapolis Star/Tribune (First Sunday) , p. 8 . Copyright 1991
by Minneapolis Star/Tribune . Reprinted by permission.
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Conversational Style and Gender:
SPEAKING STYLE
Masculine
previous speaker

15. teasing, jokes
Feminine
ion
information delivered
discussion
teasing or jokes
Source: “ War of the Words: Women Talk About How Men and
Women Talk ” by P . Meier , January 6, 1991 ,
Minneapolis Star/Tribune (First Sunday) , p. 8 . Copyright 1991
by Minneapolis Star/Tribune . Reprinted by permission.
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Perspectives on Communication:

16. Competition Versus Connection
Masculine
Solution
oriented
Feminine
Communication involves finding the balance between competing
needs for intimacy and independence

17. © 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Cultural Differences in Communication
Cultural differences can affect not only how well
a message is understood but also the way in
which the messenger is perceived as an
individual.
– Cross Cultural Differences
– Communication Barriers
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZlcFB0NZHLo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fNSaxqEmsPs

18. © 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
How do groups communicate?
What happens if a
nonmember uses
symbols from another

19. group?
This does not
necessarily just apply
to gangs, etc
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Basic Communication Principles
received
th people

20. relationship information
communication is problematic
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Nonverbal Communication
65% of communication is
nonverbal
communication important in successful
relationships
Communication

21. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pozqDz7B-sw
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mixed Messages and Double Binds
nonverbal components
in questioning relationship or conflict
munication
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

22. Using Communication to
Maintain Intimacy
Speaking: The Art of Self-Disclosure
to another
emotional health of members
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Using Communication to

23. Maintain Intimacy
Listening: A Difficult Skill
covery
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Responsive Styles in Interpersonal
Communication

24. desires as a right
lingness to say what one thinks, feels,
or wants
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Table 4.4 Communication
Patterns and Intimacy

25. Person A Person B Relationship
Who
Wins
Level of
Intimacy
Passive Passive Devitalized-
boring
Both lose Low
Passive Aggressive Dominated I win, you
lose
Low
Aggressive Aggressive Conflicted Both lose Low
Assertive Assertive Vital/growing Both win High

26. © 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Positive and Negative
Communication Cycles
or her feelings and desires
-confidence: a person’s feelings about
self and ability to control things in life
issues and a reluctance to deal directly with
issues

27. is felt to be controlling and dominant
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Positive and Negative
Communication Cycles cont.

28. © 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Positive and Negative Cycles
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Using Communication to
Increase Intimacy cont.
I-Statements
experiences in first person singular

29. Psychological egoism, I hungry and I want eat, ignore pure
Heurism, rationalizing in the like of empirical thesis
Ethical Egoism, we should seek our self-interest, every human
naturally have different way to happy
Psychological hedonism, the absence of pain
Eudaimonism, right action leads good and eventually makes us
happy
First day
The Nature of Ethics and Ethical Egoism
Thrdsymachvs
First discuss the Justice is the function of power
Then the happiness
Ethics as the philosophical study of morality
Morality
A universal idea about what is right and wrong
Grounded in reason
Particular/universal ethics
Reason: a rational motivation or a stronger
appealing/convention (habit)
Ethical Normative Theories
Proposing some principle or principles for distinguishing right
actions from wrong actions

30. Teleological (consequentialist)
come from [tellos- end]
Meta-ethics/ ought 1
Means beyond refer to Greek
Example: you should not smoke because it’s bad for you
Deontological (non- consequentialist)
Duty, obligations
Case: If someone own me money, he does not want to pay me
back. And he accidently put those money to wrong packet,
which is mine. It is good for teleological but not deontological.
Ought 2
Example: you should not smoke in China institute because it’s
your obligation not to.
Associate with rule
Ethical Egoism/ Teleological theory
Not selfishness, it’s about make you happy but you have no
actual physical gain
Happiness as the highest good for each person
Right actions as actions bringing about, increasing, deepening,
etc. one’s happiness
Egoism vs. Thrasymachus
Happiness= well-being + self-satisfaction
Hedonism (pleasure)
Perfectionism (excelling at things worth doing)
Psychological Egoism

31. 1Everyone’s motive for each intentional action is the desire to
promote one’s interest
If the basic motive of every intentional action is the same, then
the end provided by that motive is the only ultimate end of
every intentional action
One’s interest is the only ultimate end of every intentional
actions( 1+2)
Every right action is an intentional action
Happiness is the only ultimate end of right actions
Day 3
Empirical thesis (ET) about the human mind: people are, as a
matter of fact, so constructed that they behave in self interest
All (intentional) actions are motivated by self-interest
PE as compatible with “altruistic: actions
Explained in terms of one’s interest in seeing others being well
Problems with PE
1. PE as an unsound theory (Hume)
ET is false
Many counterexamples
2. PE as not really a moral theory
Not providing principles for restraining one’s actions in order
to obtain social harmony
3. PE as ignoring blatant wrongs
Failing to deal with issues that need to be related to one’s self-
interest

32. 4. PE as trivially true
Rationalizing everything in the light of ET
HOBBES’ PROJECT
Three empirical claims
1. Scarcity
2. Equality
3. Predomination self-love
1+2+3= standards for maximizing well-being
Altruism as a mean to self-interest
Addressing counterexamples
Ethical principles for regulating one’s actions
PE as an ethical theory
PSYCHOLOGICAL HEDONISM (PH)
Substituting ET with ET1
ET1: maximizing pleasure and avoiding pain as the ultimate
motive for action
Room for “psychological” pleasure and pain (troubles of the
soul)
Not Debauched hedonism
EPICURUS’ HEDONISM
Materiality of the human soul
Mortality of the soul (happiness as “mundane”)
Impressions on the soul from external objects (sensations) or
bodily movements (including “mental states”)
Happiness: Freedom of the body from the pain and of the soul

33. from confusion
Simple and inexpensive habits
1. Perfecting health
2. Avoiding mental confusion
BUTLER’S CRITICISM
Object of desire vs. pleasure
Desire is different than object of desire and is different than
pleasure
As long as you don’t really need it or you can’t live without it,
you feel pleasure.
Ultimate desire – Instrument Desire- Object Desire-Happiness
Ultimate desire leading to Happiness
OTHER PROBLEMS WITH PE AND PH
Instrumental view of friendship
Instrumental conception of justice
The “free rider”
The exceptional individual (why should Superman behave
ethically?)
Making friend to solve problems
Day 4
EUDAIMONISM: BETWEEN HEDONISM AND MORAL
PERFECTIONIS
Something ethically significant in developing one’s talent
Perfecting one’s talent as important for one’s “happiness”
Living a life of unexpressed potential as wasting one’s life

34. Perfecting one’s talent as intrinsically good actions (and action
good for its own sake)
Intrinsically good: for its own sake
Instrumental good: outcome
Hedonism: pleasure as the aim (belong to instrumental good)
Moral actions directed at obtaining pleasure
Free rider: obtaining pleasure in the absence of acting morally
1. Being passive
2. Acting unjustly
3. Example Subject- action (nothing to do with it or do
something morally wrong)- happiness
PERFECTIONISM AS AN ANSWER TO FRP
(Morally) right actions as a constitutive aspect of the highest
good (“happiness” or “well-being)
Right action: action worth doing for its own sake
Free riders cannot achieve the highest good
Acting in a certain way as a necessary condition for happiness
Perfectionism is to solve achieve egoism and hedonism in same
time
PLATO AND RIGHT ACTIONS
Crucial problem for perfectionism
How to identify right actions?
What are those dispositions (“talents”) one should perfect?
Plato’s answer
You should practice and perfect your virtues!

35. PLAYO’S THEORY OF MIND
Human mind
Human society
Rational soul wisdom
Rulers
(Thinking)
(Wise decisions)
Spirited soul courage
Soldiers
(Will)
(Courageous actions)
Appetitive soul moderation
Farmers, merchants, etc.
(Desire)
(Moderate desires)
JUSTICE AS HUMAMONY
Harmony as a “second order” virtue
A virtue of a system of faculties rather than of a specific faculty
Identifying a proper balance (harmony) among the parts of the
soul
Community’s parts each playing its proper role in harmony with
the others
Constituent parts of the soul each playing its proper role in
harmony with the others

36. ETHICALLY SIGNIFICANT IMPLICATIONS OF A JUST
MIND
A just mind acting in morally good ways
The virtues proper of a just mind promoting moral actions
DARTH SIDIOUS’ OBJECTION
Even just person can act immorally
Harmony in the mind not equal “harmony” with others
Local politics vs foreign politics
The city’s analogy as misleading
Day 5
Rationalism VS. Naturalism
Rationalist theory of mind
Mind as a separate “entity”
Problematic metaphysical consequences (soul as “immaterial”
Naturalist theory of mind
Mind as the product of a biological function
Human thinking as naturalized like other functions (breathing,
etc.)
MOTIVATION IN NATURALIST ACCOUNTS
Conditioning appetites in order to follow what reason suggests
Even if we have wisdom, we do not always follow it
ARISTOTLE’S NATURALISM
Human well-being (eudaimonia) = living a complete and
fulfilling life (see Plato)
Knowledge of such a life and the nature of our humanity

37. Sort of distinctive of our species
“Biological” considerations
REASON AND HUMAN NATURE
Reason as the distinctive power of human beings
Exercising reason as always possible
Eudaimonia as not depending on luck
SLIPPIN’ JIMMY’S OBJECTION: THE CONARTIST
Some immoral actions requiring rationality
No easy way to exclude these types of activity from rational
ones
Difficulty in deriving ethical norms and criteria from Aristotle’s
naturalism
Day 6
PRINCIPLE OF UTILITY
Acting in order to produce the
UTILITARIANISM VS. EGOISM
Both concerned with maximizing “good”
Utilitarians seeing the overall “good” of the community as the
criterion for good actions
BENTHAM’S “HEDONIC CALCULUS”
Pleasure and pain as mere sensations
“hedonic” calculus” for evaluating pleasure and pain
Quantitative differences (especially intensity and duration)
Objective determination of the morality of anyone’s conduct,
individual or collective, on any occasion

38. Rejection of any distinctions if not quantitative
MILL’S INTELLECTUAL PLEASURES
Human beings having elevated faculties
Higher kinds of pleasure
Higher value than those of mere physical sensation
Mill’s utility principle taking into consideration the relative
quality of different pleasures and pains
Not just their intensity and duration
HAPPINESS and PAIN
When deciding whether an action is moral, we must consider
unhappiness or pain both
SUMMATION OF PLEASURES
Actions affecting people in dirrerent ways
Principle of utility vs. Majority Rule
SHORT TERM VS. LONG TERM
Maximizing happiness not simply immediately but in the long
run
PROBABLE CONSEQUENCES
Future as uncertain
Consequences of our actions as sometimes difficult to guess
..
ONE’S OWN PLEASURE
One’s pleasure as relevant
No special value or consideration
Impartiality

39. CONSEQUESCES AND MORALITY
Evaluating actions according to their consequences
Actions producing different results in different circumstances
In principle, almost anything as possibly morally right (In some
particular situation)
Breaking a promise
Saul’s Objection
Unjust actions as increasing overall happiness
Day 7
Act Utilitarianism
One and only one moral obligation (PoU)
Every action is to be judged according to PoU
Rule Utilitarianism
PoU applied not to individual actions but to moral codes
What moral rules a society should adopt to maximize
happiness?
Moral rules as the basis for distinguishing between right and
wrong actions
The optimal moral code
Not rules simply doing the most good if always obeyed
Rules reasonably learned and obeyed
Costs of inculcating those rules in people
“Utility should be the test if our conduct, ultimately but not
immediately our rules should be fashioned on utility our
conduct, on our rules.” John Austin

40. Rule Utilitarianism’s Advantage
People making mistakes if calculating consequences of every
act
Act utilitarianism encouraging telling les and breaking promises
Act utilitarianism as too demanding
Day 8
Actions as inherently right or wrong apart from any particular
circumstances
Moral good = consequences
Right and wrong as a function of obeying rules
Rules not depending on considerations of action’s outcomes
Knowledge of the rules = knowledge of higher good
Moral rules as found through the application of the (practical)
reason
Will uniquely human capacity ti act from principle as good or
bad
Moral rules as determined through the application the
Categorical Imperative
Act only on that maxim through which you can at the same time
will that it should become a universal law
Deontology (or Deontological Ethics) is an approach to Ethics
that focuses on the rightness or wrongness of actions
themselves, as opposed to the rightness or wrongness of the
consequences of those actions (Consequentialism) or to the
character and habits of the actor (Virtue Ethics).

41. Two features of right moral action
Coherent
Universally acceptable
Day 9
Autonomy Personal Choice and Existentialism
Kant’s Autonomy
Moral principles as determined by (practical) reason
Reason as a universal human faculty
Reason= will
Will as self- legislating
Human beings acting one reason as autonomous
Heteronomy
Being obedient to an externally imposed law or religious
precept
Autonomy
Being obedient to one’s own self-imposed law
Acting as guided by maxims
Subjective principles by which we might personally choose to
abide
CIs not rooted in any individual’s particular contingent
experience
Each moral agent as a lawgiver in a community where others are
also lawgivers in their own right
Kant calls this community the kingdom of ends
Autonomy and Political Freedom

42. A state is free when its citizens are bound only by laws in some
sense of their won making
Selected by vote or by elected representatives
The laws of that state then express the will of the citizens who
are bound by them
Legitimize political authority is not external to its citizens, but
internal to them, internal to the will of the people
An autonomous state = authority of its laws is in the will of the
people in that state, rather than in the will of a people external
to that state
When one state imposes laws on another during occupation or
colonization
In the letter case, the laws have no legitimate authority over
those citizens
Existentialist Ethics: Autonomy with No Principles
Freedom =capacity for personal autonomy
Freedom as the sole criterion of morally evaluation
Freedom vs/ bad faith
Failing to Sidestepping Ethical Theories
Case of Sartre’s student
Choosing a theory as an autonomous ethics
Diffculy in assessing as practical not theoretical
Important
First person
Euthanasia

43. Explain
How to determine the value of life?
Religious position
Should doctor have the power of making decision?
Case study
Cancer and coma
Different perspective
Ethical egoism ought to act in self-interest
Psychological egoism- only act in self-interest
Hedonism-Happiness as the freedom from pain
Trying to achieve perfect health
Act utilitarianism- Moral actions as judged according to the
Principle of utility
Rule Utilitarianism- Rules as the basis of morality, learned and
obeyed
Deontology- Morality based on rules found through the
application reason
Death is not accepted
Sources
Second person
Different position of each moral idea
s