Trichomonas vaginalis is a parasitic protozoan sexually transmitted infection that infects the urogenital tract, causing vaginitis in women and urethritis in men, with symptoms including abnormal discharge and irritation. It is estimated to infect over 7 million people annually in the US alone, though many cases are asymptomatic. While the first-line treatment is usually the antibiotic metronidazole, some strains have developed resistance requiring alternative treatments like tinidazole.

1. Trichomonas
vaginalis

3. Characteristic features

4. Eukarya
Metamonada
Parabasalia

5. Morphology
 7 to 32 micro long and 5 to 15 micro wide
Short undulated membrane
Many granules among its axostyle
Hydrogenosome is characteristic feature
Have variability in action and living among
high Ph conditions

6. structure of tricomonas
vaginitis

9. Trichomoniasis
Trichomonas vaginalis is the etiologic agent of trichomoniasis
Mode of infection ; STD
reservoir for this species - human genital tract
Sexually transmitted infection of the urogenital tract
Vaginitis in women- site of infection –vagina,urethra
Urethritis in men - site of infection – urethra,prostate

10. Mechanism of infection ;
 Produces mechanical stress on host cells and then
ingesting cell fragments after cell death.

11. Pathogenesis
 Most are asymptomatic
 Causes inflammation, itching and leukorrhea
 They feed on leukocytes and cell exudates
 They are ingested by monocytes

12. Symptoms in women
Cervicitis and vaginitis
Discomfort may increase during intercourse and
urination.
yellow-green, itchy, frothy foul-smelling ("fishy" smell) in
vaginal discharge in rare cases, lower abdominal
pain and inflammation of the external genitals can
occur.
Symptoms usually appear in women
within 5 to 28 days of exposure.

13. Symptoms in mens
 Urethritis and Prostatitis
 Asymptomatic,Dysurea,
 Non purulent discharge ( fish-like odour)
 irritation inside the penis or slight burning after
urination or ejaculation
 painful intercourse, and inflammation of the
external genitals.

14. Complications
preterm delivery
low birth weight
increased mortality
predisposing to HIV infection
cervical cancer
pneumonia
Bronchitis
oral lesions.
prostate cancer in mens

15. Clinical aspects
 Persistentvaginitis, 50% asymptomatic
 Discharge 75%
 Vulvar itching and burning 50%
 Dyspareunia 50%
 Dysurea %0%
 Bad odor 10%

16. Diagnosis
small red ulceration (sores) on the vaginal walls
Vaginal scrapping for direct microscopic
examination or culture
Cultivation of the organism after vaginal irrigation
PAP smear examination
Dot-blot DNA hybridization assay

17. Genetic sequence
A draft sequence of the Trichomonas genome was
published on January 12, 2007 in the journal Science
confirming that the genome has at least 26,000
genes, a similar number to the human genome

18. Treatment
 Trichomoniasis - prescription drug
METRONIDAZOLE or TINIDAZOLE

19.  The symptoms of trchomniasis in infected men may
disappear within a few weeks without treatment
 pregnant and non-pregnant patients usually utilizes
metronidazolebut with caution especially in early
stages of pregnancy
 Sexual partners, even if asymptomatic, should be
concurrently treated.

20. Prevention
 Monogamous relation with partners
 Should notify his or her partners so that they can
see a helath care provider and be treated to
avoid reinfection
 Avoiding intercourse during treatment

21.  Avoiding products that can irritate the vaginal tissues, such
as feminine hygiene sprays, perfumes, powders and soaps
.
 Keeping your genital area dry and clean
 Sitting in a warm bath to relieve your symptoms
 Wearing loose-fitting, airy clothes to allow air circulation
and reduce irritation

22. American Social Health Association estimates trichomoniasis affects 7.4
million
The most frequently sexually transmitted diseases among humans
Although careful studies have never been done that focus on how to
prevent this infection
Infection with Trichomoniasis through water is unlikely because
Trichomonas vaginitis dies in water after 45–60 minutes, in thermal water
after 30 minutes to 3 hours and in diluted urine after 5–6 hours.
Treatment is usually Metronidazole.

23.  The Trichomoniasis parasite was first found in birds,
but mutated into the human-dwelling parasite
Trichomonas vaginitis.
 In 2004, a new (oral or vaginally inserted)
antibiotic, Tinidazole, was approved by the FDA to
use along with oral antibiotic Metronidazole. This is
successful for treating most Metronidazole resistant
strains; however, some strains are resistant to both.
Research on treatment of these co-resistant strains
persists.

24.  Studies show that it commonly occurs
on women ages 14 to 49 years old
 It is estimated that a new person is
infected every 9 minutes across the
globe.

25.  Although approximately 700 million people are
known to suffer from trichomoniasis worldwide, the
exact number of cases suffering from this condition
is difficult to obtain.
 This is due to the fact that this condition is usually
asymptomatic and diagnostic tests have poor
sensitivity with this condition.

26. Presented by
TABITHA