Parthenon Marbles Debate

The Parthenon Marbles
Located on the Acropolis in Athens, Greece, the Parthenon is the most famous and most important
piece of architecture in Greece. Standing in ruins as a former temple dedicated to the Greek Goddess
of wisdom, Athena, the Parthenon has held the most important sculptures made by the Greeks.
During the 1800s, when Greece was under the control of the Ottomans, sculptures from the
Parthenon were sent to Britain by Lord Elgin for safe protection. The Parthenon Marbles have since
then never been returned to the Greeks. The sculptures, currently housed in the British Museum in
London, should be returned to their homeland because they are part of Greece's culture, they have a
safe home ready for them in the Acropolis Museum, they are not being cared for as they should, it
would most likely boost the economy, and the English did not have the right to take them in the first
place.
If the Parthenon Marbles ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Recently in the British Museum a careless waiter, "who was working for one of the external catering
companies employed by the museum, got too close to the statue and bumped into it, knocking off
the work's right thumb" (Cascone 2016). The statue that was damaged was an Ancient Roman
statue, called The Townley Venus, and has been in the British Museum collection for more than 200
years. If people who are employed by the museum are treating statues like this one so carelessly, the
Parthenon Marbles should not be housed in the museum for protection. The argument that people of
the British Museum say is that it was their right to have the sculptures be housed in the museum and
they saved them from further damage. Lord Elgin most likely saved the sculptures from further
damage in Greece, but they are not any more safe being held in the British Museum where there are
many accidents hurting works of valuable
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Indigenous Art And Other Manifestations Of Indigenous Culture
Indigenous Art and other manifestations of Indigenous culture were discovered during the process of
the colonization of Australia. The first Europeans to arrive in Australia made note of the cultural
artifacts they encountered. Artifacts such as weapons, drawings, sheets of bark and engravings were
collected as colonized culture and housed in scientific and natural history museums where they
shared the space with geological, plant and animal specimens. These objects were initially collected
as curiosities and as sources of information about the "exotic" native and places. Later they were
ordered in typological sequence to demonstrate the evolution of culture across different societies.
These manifestations of Indigenous culture were regarded as objective information about the
diversity of human culture. They were objects of the exotic worlds not seen as art, however, but as
ethnographic facts. This classification reflected contemporary socio–evolutionary thinking of the
time which regarded the Indigenous as people without art. In the mid–twentieth century the
discourse surrounding Indigenous Art began to change when major collections were acquired by art
galleries as opposed to ethnographic museums. These great collections of Indigenous objects,
reaching back to 1770, provide an early record of encounters between first Australians and European
settlers––encounters that have irrevocably changed Indigenous societies. The Encounters exhibition
at the National Museum houses some

Essay on Who Owns The Elgin Marbles Precis
"Who Owns the Elgin Marbles?" – The Précis
"Who Owns the Elgin Marbles?" this question continues to linger in some minds today, and just so
happens to be reviewed in the respectfully titled article written by John Henry Merryman in 1986. In
this article, Merryman, in the most unbiased way possible, assesses both Britain's and Greece's side
of the argument pertaining to the ownership of the Elgin Marbles and whether they should be
returned to Greece after being removed from the Parthenon by Lord Elgin in the early 19th century.
Within the article, the main points discussed regard the morality and legality of the removal of the
marbles. Merryman goes on to discuss three more main concerns dealing with the marbles and
where they belong: ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Britain wins the legality argument with no question. Morality of the removal is the point most
frequently visited in the ownership argument. Did Elgin remove the marbles morally? Did he take
them with good intentions? Was it his place to take them? These are all arguments that grant Greece
the sympathy card, but unfortunately for the Greeks, legality overrules emotion in the setting of a
courtroom. However, the Greeks are adamant about making the morality of this case known. Melina
Mercouri spearheaded the emotional argument, stating that the marbles were made by the Greek, for
the Greek and therefore, belong to the Greek. Byron, a poet of the time, was unfair and depicted
Lord Elgin as an "...exploitative, unfeeling despoiler of a helpless Greece." These two bring with
them a large fan base and powerful case of emotion, but ultimately, the morality question cannot be
fully answered; this point, when all said and done, is based on opinion and cannot be used in a court
of law. Continuing with morality, people want to know if it is morally right to keep the marbles in
Britain. This is where preservation, integrity and distribution come into play. For obvious reasons,
preservation of the marbles takes priority to both the Greek and the British. Integrity and distribution
rely on the preservation of the marbles, therefore everyone

Legal Ownership of the Parthenon Marbles Essay
Legal Ownership of the Parthenon Marbles
The controversy began almost one hundred years ago. Between 1801 and 1812, Thomas Bruce, 7th
Earl of Elgin and British Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, removed several sculptures from the
Parthenon in Athens and shipped them to England, where he sold them to the British Museum in
1816. 167 years later, Melina Mercouri, Greek Minister of Culture, requested that the "Elgin"
Marbles be returned. This request sparked one of the greatest debates the art world has ever known.
For the past two decades, people have argued over who has the rights to these Marbles. The Greek
position is certainly understandable from a cultural and emotional point of view. However, from the
standpoint of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
That was also the interpretation privately held by several members of Elgin's party. However, a
different attitude was taken publicly, and the party set to work removing and packing pieces of the
Parthenon. In all, they took 247 feet of the frieze (FIG. 1), 15 metopes (FIG. 2), and 17 pedimental
figures (FIG. 3), damaging a substantial portion of the adjoining masonry in the process. This would
seem to create a good argument for the Marbles' return to Greece, as Elgin had exceeded his
authority, and damaged the structure of the Parthenon, all without officially obtaining the property
rights. However, there is evidence that the Ottoman Government twice ratified what Elgin had done.
Documents have been recovered indicating that Lord Elgin convinced the Sultan to issue several
additional firmans in which he generally sanctioned what had been done. The Ottomans further
demonstrated support of the removal when a large shipment of sculpture was held up in Piraeus (the
port of Athens) because the Voivode refused to give his permission for their embarkation.
Eventually, the Ottoman government gave written orders to the Athenian authorities to permit the
shipment. Together, these two events offer a strong indication that the Ottoman

What Is Elgin Marbles?
The "Elgin Marbles" controversy between the British and Greek governments concerns the
ownership of certain marble sculptures removed from the Parthenon. In question is whether the
British Museum is legally entitle to the sculptures or if they were stolen and should be returned to
Greece. The British contend that Lord Elgin legally acquired the statues from the Turks and
provided appropriate documentation or Firman, justifying the legal removal and transportation. The
British Parliament then purchased the marbles from Elgin in 1816. Greece however, maintains the
statues were taken illegally during Turkish occupation and should be returned. In support of Greece,
the authenticity of the documentation has been called in question and if bribery

The Parthenon Sculptures
The British Government have an obligation to give back the Parthenon Sculptures in the British
Museum back to the Greek government. This is due to the importance the Statues have in Greek
Culture, the importance of having the Acropolis once again united, and the high level of evidence
supporting the claim that the British stole the statues. This essay will aim to explain each of these
points, a well as the British Rebuttals. Not only this, but a recount will be made on the attempt made
by myself and a classmate as we attempted to replicate this debate and negotiate for a peaceful
outcome.
Since 1983, after the transition from Post–Civil War Greece to the Modern Day Democratic Greece,
the Greek Government has demanded the return of its ancient Parthenon Sculptures from the British
Museum in London. After Greece regained its independence and government, it has demanded for
the stolen statues to be returned to Greece so they can be united with the rest of the Parthenon and
the Acropolis. Not only this, but the Greeks put the legality of the British's taking of the statues
under question, stating it was through secrecy and conspiracy this was achieved. The British argue
that under law, they legally bought the statues from the Ottomans (The then rulers of Greece) in
1811 with Lord Elgin. Not only this, but they state that they wish to preserve the statues in London,
to showcase to the world mankind's greatest achievements. While both sides offer valid and
tenacious arguments,

Parthenon Marbles Essay
To stay or not to stay? That is the question. There are many people who are debating the true home
of the Parthenon Marbles. Some believe the sculptures should stay in the British Museum whereas
others believe it should go back to Greece where it originally belonged. I do believe the British
Museum should return the Parthenon Marbles to Greece because Lord Elgin did not obtain the
marbles legally, Greece can now take care of the sculptures, and it would not force other museums
to return artworks in which they originated. Firstly, there has been controversy over whether or not
Lord Elgin took the sculptures legally. I believe that he in fact did not take them legally because
when he was asked for the papers validating the removal of the sculptures, he did not have them but
instead he gave a vague translation in Italian (1). Therefore, it is uncertain whether or not he told the
truth or told people what they needed to hear in order for him to acquire and sell the sculptures. Not
only did Lord Elgin not provide legal documentation ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The return of the Parthenon Marbles is not the first case of a museum returning artworks to their
country of origin; in fact the Wright Brothers' aircraft and the Ethiopian Manuscripts are a few
which have been returned (6). The side for returning the sculptures argues that the return of these
objects did not disrupt or change big museums (6). It is not a matter of preserving and keeping big
museums the center of the world, it is a matter of ethics and giving countries what is rightfully
theirs. The opposing side argues that if the Parthenon Marbles were removed from the British
Museum, museums all over the world would be forced to return other artworks from where they
originated (5). They argue that the concept of a museum, which means collecting object and
artworks from different locations, would be lost

The Parthenon Sculptures Should Be Returned to Greece
The Greeks finished building an exquisite temple to their beloved goddess, Athena in the year 432
BCE. (Sayre 60). The name of this enriched, unique temple was the Parthenon. The Parthenon took
the Greeks approximately fifteen years to complete and as Pericles stated, it was built to give
gratitude to their goddess Athena for the salvation of their city, Athens and all of Greece in the
Persian Wars (Sayre 60). It was also a symbol of their power and superiority among other cultures. It
was something the Greeks took great pride in and recognized it to a great extent. The Parthenon was
built on the highest point of the city of Athens to look over the precious Greek city. On the exterior
walls of the Parthenon there was beautiful artwork that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Therefore, I strongly believe that these exquisite sculptures need to return to where they were
originally built, in Greece. As I mentioned, this is an extremely controversial topic that has raised a
lot of difference in opinions. Furthermore, I must admit that those arguing for the sculptures to
remain in Britain do make some interesting points that plenty of people have taken into
consideration. One of their arguments is that the sculptures were already in a damaged and fragile
condition, and leaving them in Greece would have destroyed them completely ('The Parthenon
Marbles: Refuting the Arguments", par 6). In the YouTube video, "Parthenon Marbles Debate ", one
of Tristam Hunt's arguments is if the Greeks are able to acquire their historic artwork, this may
cause other countries to demand their historic artifacts as well, not just from the British Museum,
but from museums all over the world as well. I can see the counter arguments that this controversy
issue involves. However, regardless of whether they were in a horrible condition, the Greeks were
never consulted, nor did they have a say regarding the selling of this artwork to Elgin. Now, when it
comes to everyone claiming and demanding they receive their ancient artwork, like historian Hunt
said; this is true. It can happen, but I don't believe that any other artifacts have the amount of
significance that these sculptures do. The Greeks worked their hearts

The Elgin Marbles : The Creation Of The Parthenon
The Elgin marbles are a collection of Classical Greek marble sculptures made under the supervision
of the architect and sculptor Phidias and his assistants as part of the Parthenon. Constructed around
2500 years ago as a temple dedicated to the Greek goddess Athena. Athena, who became the city's
patron goddess after a contest with Poseidon. The two gods competed for who would get the honor
of becoming the patron god of the city and offered gifts to the Athenians. Poseidon hit the ground
with his trident and created a spring, showing that he would offer significant naval power. Athena,
on the other hand, offered the olive tree, a symbol of prosperity and peace. The Athenians, led by
King Cecrops I, decided to take Athena's gift, thus making her the patron goddess. The Parthenon is
a temple in the classical Greek Doric order, meaning that its columns have simple capitals, fluted
column shafts, and no bases. There are eight of these columns on either end of the building and
seventeen columns running along its sides. As is the case with many other Greek temples, the
columns are not actually a single solid piece of marble, rather they are made by stacking massively
carved column drums one on top of another aligned perfectly. This is executed so well on the
Parthenon that in many cases you cannot even see the space between two separate column drums.
The building itself was decorated with marble sculptures representing scenes from Athenian cult and
mythology. There are three

Elgin Marbles Research Paper
Learning Activity 1
The Elgin Marbles is the common name for an extensive collection of the Ancient Greek sculpture
which has been on display in the British Museum since the early–1800s. The collection includes 75
meters (247 feet) of the original 160–metre (524–foot) frieze from the Parthenon temple in Athens.
The frieze is the highly decorative section above the columns in classical Greek architecture. The
collection is controversial because of its namesake the seventh Earl of Elgin removed the treasures
from Greece with the permission of the Ottomans, who occupied Greece from the mid–15th century
until 1821. For decades, the Greeks have called for the priceless artifacts' return, but the British
Museum defends its ownership as legitimate. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Those Marbles are Greek and belong to Greece, and not to who stole them. The Parthenon Marbles,
known as the Elgin Marbles, name downgrade the practice rapture of the sculptures from the
Parthenon by Lord Elgin, is a large collection of marble sculptures which had been stolen by
Thomas Bruce, (Earl of Elgin). Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire from 1799 until 1803 and again
in Britain in 1806. Taking advantage of the Ottoman hegemony in Greek territory, managed and
acquired firman from the Ottoman Sultan for the disestablishment of the Parthenon to measure and
fix their plans, and then proceeded to remove and smuggled them. These sculptures were stored in
the British Museum in London 1816. To Ottoman firman, which owns the British Museum does not
bear the signature and seal of the Sultan or the usual invocation to God. And without them, the Elgin
and therefore the British Museum doesn't have any legal proof of ownership of the Parthenon
Marbles, according to a report by experts (Newsletter, Nov. 2008). The 1936 report placed the
Duveen created for this purpose. Since 1983, on the initiative of the then Minister of Culture Melina
Mercouri, Greece has made efforts to bring back the Elgin Marbles to

Should Elgin Marbles Stay In Britain?
The debate on whether the Elgin Marbles should stay in Britain or be returned to their original home
in Greece has been going on for a few decades now. As a curator of a Turkish museum that is the
home to many Greek art works, I believe that the art work in Britain should remain there for
multiple reasons, the main one being that if the British decide to give the marbles back to the
Greeks, would the Greeks decide that they want the art work that we have here in Turkey back? The
main, non–personal, reason I believe the art works should stay in Britain is because it would take a
large portion of time and require a huge financial contribution. This contribution would most likely
have to be provided by the British because the Greeks would only

An Essay About The Parthenon
The Parthenon, once a magnificent work of art, has long been an archeological ruin with pieces of
the sculptures that were once a part of it on display in many European museums and, of course, in
Greece. Those locations–other than Greece–have been the center of a long going debate regarding
whether the sculptures should remain in those places or if they should be sent back to whence they
came. The sculptures are a part of Greek history, and they were once attached to The Parthenon,
created as a temple for Greek goddess Athena. Greece should have the right to put all their pieces
from this creation on display in their own museums and buildings. The marbles began in Greece,
and they should end up back in Greece as well. The area on which the Parthenon was built was not
always a barren rock hill. The area surrounding the Parthenon used to be a village complete with
houses and gardens. It was like this until the 1830s when the Greeks won their war for independence
from Turkish rule. There was then a new ascension to the throne by a Bavarian Prince named Otto.
He wanted to find a way to showcase symbols of patriotism in a country that was starting anew at
the end of the war. Because of this, the area around the Parthenon is now The Acropolis hill, which
is no longer a village, rather it is a hill with many monuments and sculptures from the Fifth ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Parthenon is still standing, and not only is it still standing, but there is a beautiful museum built
in its "shadow". The remaining pieces from the Parthenon are on display in such a way in The
Acropolis that people can see where there are pieces missing. Under the missing pieces, there are
notes with the initials of the place that houses the pieces, most of the initials are "BM" (Newsweek
Staff,

The Marbles And The Parthenon
For nearly 2500 years the Parthenon, located in Athens, Greece has manifested the ancient Greek
notions of justice, freedom and artistic excellence. One of the most well–known artifacts that were
once on the Parthenon 's exterior were the Elgin Marbles. These sacred marbles were crafted by the
well–regarded Phidias, consisting of an extensive amount of Greek ideologies and exceptional
artistic impressions. The Elgin marbles were taken from the Parthenon by Lord Elgin and brought to
Britain. Hundreds of years later, the Greeks claim these marbles were once their prized possession,
and demand the return of them. Many may wonder, why let a so called 'prized possession ' be kept
in such a low security setting with little protection? The only ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
(Sultan, Nancy, Illinois Wesleyan University. Should the 'Elgin Marbles' be Returned to Greece?
Illinois, 2005.). Therefore, not only are the marbles further protected in the British museum but they
also benefit many citizens. Many people living in Britain have been inspired by the marbles or other
migrated artifacts, these individuals have grown to become well–recognized artists and writers from
the influence of the Elgin marbles. (Hitchens, Christopher, Robert Browning, and Graham Binns.
The Elgin marbles: should they be returned to Greece? London: Verso, 1998.)
The Elgin marbles were anticipating 3 possible outcomes; destruction by natural causes, destruction
by war, or rescued by the British. Fortunately, the marbles were saved and guarded by the British,
preventing any possible destruction. Lord Elgin did not only legally retrieve the marbles but he had
entirely good intentions as he was clearly captivated by classical Greek design. At the time, Greece
was under the rule of the Turkish Ottoman, the Turks continually defaced and destroyed many
statues in order to make mortar.(Sultan, Nancy, Illinois Wesleyan University. Should the 'Elgin
Marbles' be Returned to Greece? Illinois, 2005.). It was only a matter of time before the marbles
were sacrificed. Lord Elgin did not only spring at the

The Parthenon Sculptures, The Rightful Possessions Of Greece
The Parthenon Sculptures, the Rightful Possessions of Greece
The British Government have an obligation to give back the Parthenon Sculptures in the British
Museum back to the Greek government. This essay will seek to explain the Greek Arguments of the
cultural importance of the statues in Greece, the importance of uniting the statues with the Parthenon
and the possible illegal possession of the statues. A recount on the attempted Mediation of the debate
conducted by myself and 3 other classmates will also be stated in this essay.
The Parthenon Sculptures of Athens, as stated by the Greek Historian Anaxagoras "Are a true
representation of the splendour of Athens. They are a gem to the world, worthy of decorating that of
Olympus". Built in 447BCE, during the construction of the Acropolis of Athens, the Sculptures are
considered by many in the modern world as being the finest samples of Greek Art during the
supposed "Gilded Age" of Greek Culture from 600BCE to 150BCE. They consist of a vast
collection of over 92 Metopes, 524 feet of elegant Frieze and 17 standing sculptures. Each of these
constructions were formed through the usage of Parian Marble found in the Greek island of Paros,
and were constructed alongside that of the Parthenon of Athens by the Athenians. Their primary
purpose was to lavishly decorate the Parthenon, an Athenian temple constructed to worship the
Greek God Athena. The Marbles were envied by other nearby Mediterranean nations such as
Ancient Rome for

The Marbles : British Museum Loan
"Elgin Marbles: British Museum loan 'an affront to the Greek people '" It was this headline about the
British museum decision to loan Greek god Ilissos to Russia that caught my attention. I wondered
how a nation like Britain that prided itself on it ethics blatantly refuses to return a historical item that
was never theirs. Why would that not be considered stealing? As I delved further into Greece's
demand for repatriation, I began to notice a common theme that ran through most items with
contested ownership. I pondered about Greece's marbles and then India's koh–i–noor diamonds. I
wondered why Britain could refuse to repatriate these items and not be shamed internationally. But
was Britain alone in its refusal? Well it clearly was not. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
To understand the past, we have to understand the artefacts of the past. Artefacts show us another
kind of history, another way of approaching the past. Not only do they frame the way we act in the
world, they also influence the way we think about the world. So when one questions the ownership
of these artefacts, they also question the history behind it. Because the history of art is, in large part,
a history of theft, questions over its ownership are bound to ensue. So, how do we decide who owns
art and subsequently history? Prevailing post– colonial ideology characterises museums as imperial
despoilers and their possession of artefacts a dispossession of the cultural identity from the
colonised, robbing the motif behind acquired objects. The idea that an ancient work of art is
removed from its original setting, of which it forms an aesthetic and historical part, it loses most of
its value and becomes a mere item of archaeology. However, arguments against this idea regard the
notion of cultural property a pure myth as such artefacts are deemed inessential and irrelevant to the
identity of recently emerged and artificially created nations. Instead the concept of internationalism
and the ideas of shared history are propagated to defend the retention of artefacts in mostly western
museums. Both sides present valid arguments for and against the repatriation of historical artefacts.
It becomes apparent that the reality of

At the end of the long massive granite hall lined with intricately carved marble panels telling stories
of gods, myths and stories reside the British Museum's infamous classical Greek sculpture
collection, Elgin Marbles. Even before the word "archeology" was coined the removal of artifacts
from their original context or location have been occurring. From Egyptian mummies, to imperial
treasures of China, to the Elgin Marbles from Greece, objects have been taken from countries to be
sold for profit, saved for private collections or put in museums for most of society's existence.
However, in the past few decades, governments have taken action in asking for such objects to be
returned to their indigenous culture. Unfortunately, museums like the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In other words, the sculptures are regarded by the Greek people as a symbol of the culture, heritage,
and past, thus contain an importance. The British though don't see this side of significance. Instead,
they view the object as a part of a larger framework in presenting the Greek narrative. "The British
Museum argues that the Parthenon sculptures are 'integral to the Museum's purpose as a world
museum telling the story of human cultural achievement.' And after being housed in the museum for
nearly two centuries, the carvings are a significant feature of British cultural identity"
(Amineddoleh). However, this logic does not make sense to put it quite bluntly. This is not the
British's story to tell, it is the Greek's. There is no greater value to the collection for the British other
than a revenue stream. This collection does not tell the British's story, nor does it give the country a
sense of identity. If anything by having the collection in London it is just sad another reminder of
British

Should Objects Be Taken In The Distant Past, Be Returned...
One of the major controversies confronting museums today is the issue of repatriation. Large
museums are constantly facing claims of object ownership made by so named 'source nations'
(Merryman, 2009, 183), claiming that the objects constitute a part of their cultural heritage and
should be returned. There are, however, those who argue against repatriation, claiming that it does
more harm than good. Additionally, others believe that objects of cultural significance constitute a
piece of the culture of all humanity. I would argue that concern should rest on the objects and their
well being. Objects should be seen as pieces of the culture of the whole human race and preserved
for scholarship and future generations.
Museums like the British Museum hold objects from around the world that arrived at the museums
through theft or under other suspicious circumstances during the era of imperialism, an excellent
example being the Elgin Marbles (Appiah, 2009, 72–3). The question is, should objects, especially
those taken in the distant past, be returned to their places of origin? There are two arguments, one
for and one against repatriation. The first argument is made by the 'source nations' that ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Further, having cultural identity gives an individual a sense of place and belonging in the grand
scheme of history. Nonetheless, as an archaeologist, I believe in object preservation and diverse
education. The safety of an object should be paramount because objects are the true tellers of
history. When objects are lost or damaged, history can be forgotten or changed and society cannot
learn from its past. Objects should be studied and presented to the public for cultural enrichment and
education. These objects serve a greater purpose as works of individuals, not just the collective
'people' from whence individuals

Parthenon Marbles Research Paper
The acquisition of the Parthenon marbles by the British museum has been a controversial topic for
many years. The Parthenon marbles (commonly known as the 'Elgin marbles') concerns the set of
stone sculptures and archaeological features which were procured by Lord Elgin and imparted to the
British museum in 1816. Although the British endorse the legality of the subtraction of the marbles,
many argue that the situation was ambiguous. Through the removal of these historically significant
artefacts, Greece has suffered impacts upon their national pride, value and cultural symbolism. This
topic is not only a matter of legal and ethical import, but also a degradation of justice. Perhaps the
most contentious issue to be examined is the purported

Elgin Marbles Essay
The case of cultural artifacts being divided from their origins is not a new issue to arise in the art
community. The Parthenon (Elgin) Marbles are a source of controversy between modern Britain and
Greece. The Parthenon, and its sculptures/marbles, have a history that stretches back 2500 years,
when it was built to honour a goddess of wisdom, Athena. The Parthenon has been a Christian
church and a Muslim mosque, but has been ruined since 1687, when gunpowder stored inside
exploded and attackers bombarded the structure. Over the centuries the stones which both
constituted and adorned the Parthenon had been damaged. Documentation of the history. The
Parthenon marbles play a pivotal role in the history of art and are part of primary inspiration for
artists for thousand of years. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It was admitted that, yes, for over 200 years they were kept safe from harm, but the marbles would
not be placed in the same conditions that they were in previously, but given a new home in at the
new Acropolis Museum " reunited" to their original home. It would be literally impossible to
actually place them back on the Parthenon because it is now in ruins. The Greeks would be willing
to allow the marbles to visit to different well known museums, such as the British Museum. It has
been a concern out the Greece is in economic turmoil and deals with heavy pollution. Those excuses
however are weak in that London also deals with pollution themselves. The marbles would be well
conserved behind heavy glass and preserved by professionals while they are in their

The Importance Of Owning Property With Great Historic And...
Many questions arise regarding the decision of owning property with great historic and economic
value. In the artistic world of museums, there has always been a craving to own the most valuable
antiquities created by human kind. The biggest battle of antiquities relies on the Elgin Marbles,
which were once part of the Parthenon, a magnificent creation of Athenians to worship Athena "The
Goddess of War" (British Museum web npg). This temple stands atop the Acropolis, on the site of
another lost temple to Athens ' patron goddess. Little is known about this first structure except that it
was still under construction in 480 B.C. when Persian forces sacked the city and demolished the
Acropolis. The Parthenon is very famous, and tourists from all over the world visit this temple to
contemplate the talent of past generations. In present times, we have Greece, which claims that the
Elgin Marbles should be repatriated; on the other hand we have Britain, which currently possesses
the Elgin Marbles displayed in the British Museum. The British Museum acquired these sculptures
thanks to Lord Elgin, a British ambassador to the Ottoman Empire. Lord Elgin was passionate about
the ancient Greek art. Between "1801–1805 he removed about half of the remaining sculptures back
to Britain" (BM web npg). This big dispute has garnered extensive media attention. Not all of the
sculptures from the Parthenon are in the British Museum, even though a big portion of them are.
You can also find

The Existence of Absence in Keats' "On Seeing the Elgin...
In his sonnet "On Seeing the Elgin Marbles for the First Time," John Keats presents a series of
various forms of conflict and tension. Most prominent is the poet's sense of his own fleeting
existence juxtaposed with the eternity of the Greek marble sculptures and, perhaps, with the
timelessness of art in general. However, there is another, more subtle tension between what is in
existence, and what is not, an absence which paradoxically manifests as a form of existence in itself.
The presence of this conflict within the sonnet shows Keats's self–coined Negative Capability, the
ability to be in "uncertainties, mysteries, doubts, without any irritable reaching after fact and reason"
(Keats 863). Furthermore, the Negative Capability ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The image plays heavily both on what was, the eagle soaring through the skies, and what remains, a
gaping absence: an eagle–less sky and a lacking eagle. Hence, a fundamental element of the image
is the existence of an absence. Two lines later, the speaker describes the "cloudy winds" (7) which
he does not have. The unusual description of the winds as "cloudy" implies a fraught and stormy
sky, and stimulates both visual and tactile senses; yet, these same cloudy winds are absent to the
speaker. Thus, here too is an instance of the existence of absence; the vivid and sensuous imagery
creates something substantial and tangible, and, as such, the negation of the image's existence,
becomes all the more palpable; its absence becomes distinct and almost like an entity in its own
right. The oxymoron "dim–conceived glories" (9) produces a similar tension. On a superficial level,
the oxymoron is interesting in that it combines "dim," connoting darkness, with "glories," which
often connotes radiance or light. Furthermore, there is a tension between the "dim" and "conceived,"
the latter implying creation and thus existence, while the first paradoxically suggests something
barely or non–existent. Implying the creation of that which does not exist embodies the tension
between existence and the

Lord Elgin Statues Research Paper
The Elgin Marbles are known to be a collection of stone sculptures that were acquired by Lord Elgin
(British) from the Parthenon in Athens between the years 1801 and 1805. During Greece's Turkish
occupation, they believe that these sculptures were taken illegally, and morally should be returned.
The Greeks have demanded that the sculptures be returned back their homeland. Yet, the British
believe that Lord Elgin purchased the statues legally from the Ottoman Empire before Greece had
won its independence. They anticipated it setting a significant level of importance for major
museums if the statues were ever returned. Unfortunately, proof doesn't exist to show that Lord
Elgin actually had permission to take all of the sculptures. Proof exists

Pros And Cons Of Elgin Marbles
Based on your course study and the summary found at "About.com European History" ...what is
your opinion? Should the Elgin Marbles stay in Britain or be returned to Greece? There is a debate
between the modern Britain and Greece about the Elgin Marbles. These Marbles are pieces of stone
that were removed from the Ancient Greek Parthenon, during the nineteenth century by Thomas
Bruce, Seventh Lord Elgin. They are now located in the British Museum. Therefore, the Greece
government demands for their Elgin Marbles or the Parthenon Sculptures to be send back to their
rightful home, Greece. In the modern days the argument has arisen about weather or not they should
return the Elgin Marbles to Greece? In my opinion, I think that it should remain ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Therefore, I think it is best for this art to be distributed or be kept in Britain, so it can educate people
about the culture of Greece. This way, we can see the phenomenal of other cultures in a short
distance instead of traveling to that region. For example, Cyrus Cylinder or Cyrus Charter is a piece
from the old Persian Achaemenid which is in a British museum. Many Iranians people want this
piece to return back to Iran; however, I personally am against this movement, because I know if this
piece returns to Iran it might not be taken care of in a proper way at this time of a day (this might
not be true in the near future). By not having this piece of art in Iran just like the Elgin Marbles not
being in Greece, many people have a chance of learning about the historical aspects of these ancient
arts by a near experience, by visiting the museum in Britain. Another reason that I think Britain
should keep the Marbles is that by moving them to Britain, the Marbles were saved from getting
ruined. In my opinion, Lord Elgin had good intentions by sending the Marbles to Britain, because
they were already extensively damaged and was entirely neglected, as the Parthenon was in the
hands of the Ottomans. Which in conclusion, Greeks

Elgin Marbles Research Papers
What is the Elgin Marbles also called the "Parthenon Marbles"? Based on my reading and
understanding, the Elgin Marbles were ancient Greek sculptures that were removed from the
Parthenon at Athens and from other ancient buildings and transported to England at the direction of
Thomas Bruce, 7th Lord Elgin. Elgin Marbles. (2017) retrieved from
http://www.Britannica.com/topic/Elgin–Marbles Lord Elgin was known as the British ambassador to
the Ottoman Empire from the time of (1799–1803). Elgin Marbles (2017) retrieved from
http://www.Britannica.com/topic/Elgin–marbles The controversy comes from the British
government allowing Lord Elgin the acting ambassador at the time to submit a letter to the Turkish
government requesting permission to move

The Artifacts Of The Past
To understand the past, we have to understand the artefacts of the past. Artefacts show us another
kind of history, and another way of approaching the past. Not only do they frame the way we
interact with the world, they also influence the way we think about it as a whole. So when one
questions the ownership of these artefacts, they also question the history behind it. Because the
history of art is, for the most part, a history of theft; questions over its ownership are bound to ensue.
So, how do we decide who owns art, and subsequently, history? Prevailing postcolonial ideologies,
might characterise museums as imperial despoilers in which their possession of artefacts showcase
the dispossession of cultural identity from the colonised, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Polybius was one of the first historians to criticise the Romans and their actions, and since only
fragments of his ninth book have been preserved, the full extent of Polybius' criticism is
unattainable. However his strong disapproval of the seizure of the Syracusan art is clearly evident.
Polybius stated, "a city is not adorned by external splendours, but by the virtue of its inhabitants"
(Polybius, c.200 – c.118 BC). He presented two rhetorical arguments against the removal of
Syracusan art. Firstly, he claimed that art contributed nothing to the power and expansion of the city.
Additionally, he also questioned whether the victors could become great while living simply. If they
could, why should they imitate the weaker people they defeated? (Miles, 2008). Polybius stated that
victors "should not strip the cities under the idea that the misfortunes of another are an ornament to
their own country" (Polybius, c.200 – c.118 BC). However, historian Erich S. Gruen argues that
Polybius' criticism of Roman extraction of art from Syracuse was a "tactical error rather than a
moral failure", as Polybius himself was bound by the envy and fear of what the art would incite in
regards to Greco–Roman relations (Gruen, 1992). Art looting became a standard practice after
Napoleon took over the French army. Looting was undertaken to raise funds to support the war
effort, and to elevate morale in Paris. Under Napoleon, the Louvre museum became an

John Keats 's On Seeing The Elgin Marbles
Beautiful Belligerence Strive to love and be loved in return; continue to see the world's beauty and
fertility. John Keats, and English poet who lived a short life before dying of tuberculosis, used
poetry to express his views on the magnificence of our world. In many ways I have shared Keats
view on beauty, especially since I live on such a vast campus like St. John's. However, anyone can
see the sheer awe of the landscape, buildings, and beauty of the Abbey here at St. John's; Keats
would see all of this too, but he also changes our perception by discovering the underlying beauty
that lies and numerous other things that may not stand out like the rest. Through both love and pain
depicted in the poem "On Seeing the Elgin Marbles," John Keats is able to demonstrate how he
uncovers the enigma of beauty in our world. Beauty lies throughout every corner of the universe.
Poets like Keats harness this beauty, whether it is seen as beautiful or not, and twist it to have an
underlying meaning. When looking at the poem "On Seeing the Elgin Marbles," it is evident that
Keats uses different imagery to portray the beauty that may not seem beautiful at first glance.
Imagery such as a "sick eagle" and also a "billowy main" are used in this poem to describe what the
poet is attempting to reveal in this poem. One phrase that I find to be the most fitting of this idea of
underlying beauty is "fresh for the opening of the morning's eye." Not many people would look at
waking up

Archaeology : Modern Infrastructure Projects Threatening...
At first glance, the study of archaeology may be perceived as the study of ancient artifacts,
discovering tombs, or even just treasure hunting. However, archaeology has very large impacts in
the world today. Firstly, archaeology is vastly important because it is very relevant to how we
understand human history today. The study of archeology is not just important because it contributes
to museums and writes history books. Without the work, projects, and excavations conducted by
archeologists, we would not have the valuable understanding of past humans and their interactions
with the objects, society, and world around them. In addition, many archaeological sites are in
developing countries, which could have very positive economic impacts if valuables are found.
However, even though there are various constructive aspects of the work and study of archaeology
today, there are many controversial arguments about what is to be done with archaeological finds; as
well as modern infrastructure projects threatening archeological sites. For several decades now,
many museums and archeologists have had feuds on epic archaeological discoveries and how they
were collected. The most famous example of this would be the controversy surrounding the Elgin
Marbles. Excavated and collected by Lord Elgin from the Parthenon in Athens, the Elgin Marbles
are a collection of stone sculptures, inscriptions, and ancient Greek architectural features. The
sculptures were excavated from the Parthenon.

Thomas Bruce And The Elgin Marbles
Thomas Bruce and the Elgin Marbles Thomas Bruce, 7th Earl of Elgin and 11th Earl of Kincardine
(b.1766), was a Scottish aristocrat and diplomat who gained notoriety in the early 19th century with
the controversial acquisition of a large number of Greek artworks, primarily from the Parthenon in
Athens which collectively became known as the Elgin Marbles. With permission from the
occupying Ottoman Empire, Thomas Bruce removed and transported the pieces between 1801 and
1805. Originally rejected by the British government, they were purchased from Lord Elgin in 1816
and now reside in the British Museum. The Marbles have been a point of contention between Greece
and the United Kingdom ever since. Outraged by what they considered a theft of one of their
greatest treasures, the Greek Government has spent the last 200 years attempting to repatriate the
Marbles back to Athens. The burning question has always been: Who is Lord Elgin and did he really
steal the Marbles from Greece or were they obtained legally? And where is their rightful place
today? Lord Elgin born in Broomhall, Fife, and came into his title at the early age of just 5 years
old. He received a typical education for a person of his rank and after having obtained several
promotions while commissioned in the army, he was elected to the House of Lords at the age of 24,
and soon thereafter was recruited into the diplomatic corps. After serving many years in the
diplomatic service in Brussels, Berlin and Vienna, he

Research Paper On Elgin Marbles
Elgin Marbles–Historical Artifacts There is no ambiguity that the Elgin Marbles are significantly
valuable to the history of Greece and a commemorative to its people and the Greek government.
Unfortunately, the Greeks no longer hold possession or the legal rights to this piece of fine art. In the
mid–1800s the Elgin Marbles were purchased by the British Museum. The Greek government
remains to contest that the Elgin Marbles were acquired illegally and demand they be returned to
Greece. According to Jenkins (2001), the contentious matter is "over cultural property and questions
of its moral ownership" (p. 1). He believes that the Greek's argument is based completely on
pretentious statistics "found to be inaccurate and unreliable" (Jenkins,

Elgin Marbles
The Elgin Marbles emulate a struggle of nations to come to agreeance over cultural heritage that
idolizes the context of visual sculptures. In the possession of the Britons, the Marbles reach a larger
demographic with the aim of the British Museum in educating for the public benefit. Thus, if not
removed from the Parthenon in the early 1800's, further destruction to the priceless works of art
would have occurred. Although the marbles hold an imperial stigma in the British possession, the
creation of the Parthenon also distributed a national imperial value after the Athenian conquest of
the Persian Wars that in contrast is highly related to Britain in the period of acquisition. Culture does
not always belong only to the society that created ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As mentioned previously, there was rivalry between France and Britain in the search of antiquities
bringing military conflict to a war of culture. The British government was hesitant at first in the
purchase of the Elgin Marbles, but later came to a democratic vote of eighty–two to thirty votes in
acquiring the Marbles for the nation. The Marbles are not distinctively Greek in the value of cultural
heritage in the consideration that Greece was not a sovereign nation at the time of creation or
acquisition. Thus the Indo–European material must remain housed in Britain to showcase not
exclusively the British imperial power, but also the historical powers that resonate in the Elgin
Marbles. When first presented in London June 1807, by Lord Elgin people believed the Marbles
were, "superior in style to everything else on earth", and in acquisition of the Marbles the Periclean
Athens acted as a British role model in the period of the Napoleonic Wars. The Marbles of the
Parthenon were created by the Athenians after the defeat of the Persians in 479 BCE with the lead of
Pericles who aimed in the advancement of art and culture through the making of the Acropolis. The
British Museum, in correspondence to the Acropolis, acts as an imperial centre that not only

Structure Of The Parthenon Frieze
Parthenon Frieze presentation write–up
The Parthenon Frieze is the inner most decorative piece on the outside ceiling of the Parthenon. Its
construction finished in 447BC and it was built by Phidias on the orders of Pericles. (1) The Frieze
today is situated in multiple museums around Europe. The majority of the Frieze is located in the
British Museum where the 80m's of Frieze has its own room in the Duveen Gallery that was built to
replicate the position from where it was taken from on the Parthenon in Athens. In 1938 Duveen and
his associates undertook a cleaning process on the marbles using copper tools and carborundum
which damaged the marble but gave it a whiter, more authentic classical look, due to the
decolouration which had happened to it. When this came to the attention of the public years later, it
caused outrage as the directors had chosen to do nothing about it. (2) The second largest collection
of the Frieze is in the Acropolis museum in Athens with smaller parts in museums around Europe
such as Paris. (3)
The Frieze was taken from the Parthenon between 1801 and 1812 by Thomas Bruce the Earl of
Elgin after he was granted permission to take them by the Ottoman Empire. He later sold them to
the British Government in 1816 where it was moved to the British Museum in 1832. The Frieze was
shipped in two stages with the first set going in 1803 in 200 boxes with the second shipment in
1809. The transportation of the marbles took so long as Elgin was imprisoned on the Spanish border
at Pau for three years. The entire removal process of the marbles taken from the Parthenon cost
Elgin £74,000. (4)
The traditional view of the Parthenon Frieze, based off the work of James Stuart and Nicholas
Revett, is that it depicts the panathenaic procession which occurred every four years and was part of
the Panathenaea festival to commemorate the birth of Athena. This view is based off of the seeming
procession and sacrificial animals included in it as well as the Greek gods either side of the giving of
the Peplos where a statue of Athena would be draped with a shroud. (5) However we believed the
Frieze depicted a different story as there were several inconsistencies with the depiction of the
giving of the Peplos. For

Parthenon Marbles Essay
An Open Letter to Stephen Fry on the Subject of the Elgin Marbles
Dear Mr Stephen Fry,
I am writing to you in response to your recent Intelligence Squared debate on the subject of the
Parthenon Marbles.
As we are all aware, the Parthenon bears immeasurable cultural importance as a surviving example
of Classical architecture in the modern world. The structure also bears many artefacts, including
friezes depicting significant historical events such as the occurrences at the Battle of Marathon. The
'Elgin Marbles', which were removed from the Parthenon by Lord Elgin upon the agreement of the
Ottoman Empire between 1801 and 1805, depict such a scene. The Greek Government have
requested that the British Museum return the Marbles, on the basis ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Culture, being a ubiquitous concept, is not innately tied to a specific location and consequently,
cultural artefacts cannot belong uniquely to any one nation. Greece cannot therefore hold the sole
right to artefacts such as the Parthenon Marbles. In the interest of the preservation of an artefact of
great global significance, the Marbles should remain in the British Museum; a place which
documents world history in an open

The Parthenon And The Marbles
The Parthenon is located on the Athenian Acropolis, Greece; is a former temple which was
dedicated to Greek goddess Athena, whom the Athens considered their leader. According to the
British Museum (2015), The Parthenon was built nearly 2500 years ago and has a long and complex
history. After thousands of years it became a church of the Virgin Mary of the Athenians, then a
mosque and then finally resulted in a archaeological ruin. After the result of a ruin, the buildings
were reformed in which various sculptures were damaged. During the 1800's after the Parthenon
being damaged, the Elgin marbles (Elgin) a part of the remaining sculpture, was removed and given
to a British museum. For hundreds of years there has been a question if the British museum should
return the Elgin marbles back to the Athenians or not. I believe that that the safest and most
beneficial place for the Elgin marbles is the British museum, therefore the British should not return
the marble to the Athenians.
In contrast to what I believe, other individuals would counter my belief. One counter argument I
could receive from other individuals would be that the Parthenon is missing the Elgin marbles which
is a very significant piece for their culture, since it represents their goddess Athena. Others would
argue that the sculpture looks incomplete without its Elgin marbles (Elgin), so therefore the British
museum should return the Elgin marbles to Athens. According to the British Museum (2015),

Why The Marbles Saved The Parthenon
The Parthenon is among the greatest national treasures of Greece which lasted for 2000 years but
had been an important part at the British Museum in London. Lord Elgin legally went through the
right process and saved the marbles from further destruction, I believe the marbles should be
remained in the Britain because of various reasons. Although the marbles were part of Athenians
culture and society which need to be put back where they belong, the Britain had used the marbles
very effectively. Even if the marbles were returned to Athens, many other original sculptures would
not completely set up in the Greece because sometimes the valuable ancient artifacts were found
illegally sold to smugglers. Also, the Parthenon and its marbles are a representation

Persuasive Speech On Marbles Essay
Kristy Sar
10/29/15
Debate, Brown
Persuasive Speech Outline
Topic: National Treasures Should Be Returned To Their Country of Origin
Specific Purpose: To persuade the audience to believe that stolen artifacts should be returned.
1. Introduction
A. 2 Rhetorical Questions
1. Would you like it if someone came to your house and stole your valuable belongings?
i. I know I wouldn 't, and I 'm sure none of you would either.
2. So why should any country 's artifact – a valuable belonging of theirs, be put up for display in
another country 's museum? Specifically, ones that were stolen.
B. Comparative example to understand perspective
i. Imagine the Declaration of Independence or Abraham Lincoln 's casket being stolen and perhaps
sold in the black ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Profit
1. At least Germany was honest in their reasoning with keeping Nefertiti's bust. Countries like
Germany and Great Britain have no right in continuing making profit off of other countries ' stolen
treasure. They should return its stolen artifacts, and instead, thank the countries for being able to
have made money off of what was not rightfully theirs to begin with. Basically, these countries not
only stole artifacts, but large amounts of money that should have been made by the artifacts '
countries themselves.
III. Conclusion
A. Review/Clincher.
1. Cultural treasures should be displayed in the context in which they originated; only then can they
be truly understood. In the case of the Elgin marbles this is an architectural context which only
proximity to the Parthenon itself can provide.
2. If countries were truly interested in studying another 's artifacts, they could then borrow the
artifacts on a long–term loan – an alternative solution.
3. Lastly, if you were also interested in archaeology, you wouldn 't want to have to visit a number of
museums all across the world just to see objects from one civilization, would you?

i. Wouldn 't it be nice if all Egyptian artifacts were housed in Egypt, all Greek artifacts housed in
Greece, and all other artifacts housed in their

The Elgin Marbles are a subject of great debate. Both sides of this great debate have great points
that support their argument. I am not sure how I feel about this particular debate. Every time I start
to lean towards one side, the other side makes an excellent point. One quote from the documentary
sticks out in my mind every time I think about this debate. One of the commentators makes the
statement, "You would not return an abused child to it's mother." That statement and the
implications that go with this statement weigh heavily in my mind. Elgin may have done something
that in this day and age would get him thrown in jail, but ultimately this act of greediness may have
saved the art that lies in the middle of this debate. I do believe that

Repatriation In The Parthenon Marbles
Museums contain vast collections of art from different places around the globe. Many of these art
pieces have been acquired through donations from private collectors or are bought by the museums
themselves ('Collections Management Policy'). With vast amounts of ancient artworks inhabiting
these museums, the issue of repatriation comes up. Repatriation is the return of artwork the country
in which they originate from. Many nations and cultural groups wish to regain art which they deem
important to their cultural heritage which gives them a sense of nationalism. Ancient art has been
looted through war, expansion into other territories, and looting through illegal means. This has
caused many nations around the world to lose pieces of art which they deem important to their
culture. In the case of the Parthenon Marbles, the ownership of the pieces which came from the
Parthenon is debated between England and Greece. The Parthenon began to be built in 447 BC with
the design help of Iktinos who mathematically calculated the layout of the temple and Phidias who
along with other sculptures decorated the building with countless statues and friezes which adorned
the temple (Gardner). In the Early 1800s the Earl of Elgin received a permit from the Ottoman
Empire which allowed him to remove many of the sculptures (Gould). However, questions over the
legality of the permit Greeks have made strong pushes to have the Parthenon Marbles returned to
Greece to be displayed in the new Acropolis

The Importance Of The Elgin Marbles
Around the year of 440 BC, a cultural monument was constructed in Athens Greece in dedication to
the city's patron Greek goddess Athena. This monument is known as the Parthenon which not only
served as a temple for the athenian people, but also is home to a collection of marble sculptures
which we know now as the famous "Elgin Marbles." These marbles now sit in the British Museum
of London thousands of years after their construction, thousands of miles away from the original
location in Athens Greece.The Elgin Marbles are a collection of sculptures that were taken from
their place of origin, Athens, Greece by Lord Elgin to London in1803. The controversy that has
surfaced over the past one hundred plus years deals with the the reasoning behind the removal of the
marbles. The two sides of the argument as indicated by Juan Pablo Sanchez in an issue of National
Geographic's are whether the marbles were "salvaged or stolen." In order to understand why this
argument stands, one must gain knowledge of what the marbles are, look into both sides of the
argument, and finally search for the reasoning behind both sides.
The three different types of sculptures known as the Elgin Marbles are the pediments, metopes, and
the frieze. The pediments of the Parthenon are triangular niches on the upper parts of the temple, one
which is located on the East, the other on the West. The greek goddess Athena's tale of her birth is
depicted in images carved into the East pediment The East pediment

The Inauguration of the New Acropolis Museum
The New Acropolis Museum was inaugurated in the year 2009, near the base of the Acropolis with a
view of the Parthenon. The museum was a facility of around 226,000 square feet of glass and
concrete, which cost $200 million dollars. The design was introduced in 2001, so it could be
completed in time for the Olympics in 2004. This goal was unsuccessful due to legal battles that
delayed the construction process for years said The New York Times. Since the museum opened it is
running strong with an average of 5 million visitors per year, coming to see all the different
collections. The museum is broken into three floors, offering different historical artwork. The first
floor is divided into two sections, one from the archaic period and the other from Propylaia with
objects that date around the classical time period to antiquity. On the first floor the visitors are
greeted by magnificent sculptures of the first temples on the Acropolis. Displayed here also are
votive offerings from worshippers. Some of these offerings include the archaic Korai, the Hippeis,
statues of Athena the goddess, Sculptures of male figures, marble reliefs, and smaller bronze and
clay offerings. The Acropolis Museum wants to conduct research on this small collection of archaic
statues, which keep their color. In figure #1 I present the archaic Korai, which is white skinned and
expresses grace– radiance youth. As opposed to the brown skinned warriors and athletes who are a
sign of virtue. Then as we

Parthenon Marbles Debate

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