Plastic Dumping Plastic In The Ocean

Plastic Dumping Plastic In The Ocean
I chose to research the question, what is the effect of dumping plastic in the ocean because we might think that dumping it in the ocean doesn't have a
big impact. However, it affects more things individually than we might know about. Dumping in the ocean as a whole has multiple effects, but the
plastic dumped adds to the problems. There are huge dilemmas in the ocean due to the dumping of plastic, just like the Great Pacific Garbage Patch.
However, there are ways that we can all help to reduce plastic dumping in the ocean.
Pollution is anything that is present or introduced into and environment which causes harm. In general, dumping in the ocean happens by waste
materials from factories, industries, tankers and ships. Also sewerage waste ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is a gyre of marine debris particles in the central North Pacific Ocean. The patch has high concentrations of pelagic plastics, chemicals and other
debris that have been trapped by the currents of the North Pacific Gyre. It has a large area and low density, so it can't be seen from satellite
photography. The size is estimated to be double the continental United States. It is thought that the Great Pacific Garbage Patch formed gradually due
to ocean or marine pollution gathered by oceanic currents. The rotational pattern of the gyre draws in waste materials from across the North Pacific
Ocean. Around 80% of the garbage comes from land–based sources, and 20% from ships. The primary source of the Pacific Ocean garbage patch is
improper waste disposal, which happens from illegal dumping and littering. Most of the debris consists of small plastic that are just below the surface.
Roughly a third of Laysan albatrosses chicks die because of being fed plastic from their parents. This is just one example of the effect on wildlife. It
might not be commonly thought, but humans can be affected from the Great Pacific garbage patch. Toxic–containing plastic that is eaten by jellyfish,
which are then eaten by bigger fish. Once these fish are eaten by humans, we are ingesting toxic chemicals. Research has shown that this plastic affects
at least 267 species worldwide. This just shows the scale of problems that
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Elahe Izadi Analysis
There are growing numbers of problems involving marine debris in the United States for the past few years. There have been excessive amounts of
waste and dross that washed up to the West Coast from the 2011 Japanese Tsunami, as well as other places, in recent years. Even though voluntary
groups and other organizations are trying to clean up the ocean, the debris keeps coming, as if it has an endless current of waste. People are frustrated of
how much the ocean is being polluted; after months of cleanup services, by obtaining hundreds and thousands tons of garbage, the ocean is still
contaminated with debris.
2.Who published the article (e.g. Wall Street Journal). (Please see requirements above in terms of sources.) What section did it... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
She used to work for the National Journal, DCentric.org, The Gazette, as well as TBD.com.
4.What conclusion did the author(s) make? What evidence was given to support the conclusion? What are other reasonable "interpretation(s)" of the
evidence than the conclusion these "experts" have come to?
The author concluded that marine pollution is becoming a bigger problem as time goes by. As stated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, even though 70% of the debris that was pulled back into the ocean didn't surface the waters after the Japanese tsunami in 2009, the
remaining waste managed to spread all the way to the coasts of different continents. Karla Robinson, an emergency and environmental manager in
Ucluelet, said that the debris was becoming a really big problem. She also stated that cleaning up requires a lot of work and time to collect the waste.
A giant lighter for clean up services traveled down the West Coast to find 3,334 bags of debris, each weighing around1000 pounds, from its

The Long Term Effects Of Plastic Usage And Its Disposal
Introduction
Plastic can be made in to just about anything we use everyday. Just look around you, just about almost anything you use is made out of plastic.
Despite its effortless attainability, plastic has transformed the world and the way, we as consumers, use it on a daily basis. There is questions arising
to whether or not we should be using plastics the way we are. What will be the long–term effect of plastic usage and its disposal? Many experts and
researchers have tried to come to a solid conclusion to the topic. However, its complexity and the way its use is evolving, leaves many holes open to
discussion. Eventually, will we have to completely stop using plastic?
Throughout this research paper, we will analyze different standpoints to the plastic phenomenon. Humans have created this new form of synthetic
polymer to use as a sustainable and dominant source that can outlive any living organism in Earth. However, there is harms to the environment by
this overuse. "The scale of contamination of the marine environment by plastic debris is vast. It is found floating in all the world's oceans,
everywhere from polar regions to the equator" (Plastic Debris 2015). It is no doubt that plastic has extended all over the world including developed
and developing countries. At the end of the day, there is not one particular group of people to blame for the cause; the whole world plays a part in this.
Many Plastic Manufacturing companies might come to an agreement and say they are

Marine Debris
Issue Analysis: Marine Debris In an article written by Adam Vaughn for The Guardian, the issue of marine debris is briefly addressed while a
solution to the issue is analyzed. Marine debris can be commonly known as plastics in the ocean, and Vaughn's article analyzes biodegradable plastics.
While this essay will not analyze biodegradable plastics, solutions to the issue are an important part of creating a picture of the issue at hand. Marine
debris, or plastic in the ocean, is an issue in consequence to its negative environmental impact. It is not common for this negative environmental impact
to be argued against. It is more common for this negative environmental impact to be ignored for the sake of human convenience. In one perspective ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
More importantly both articles also focus on highlighting consumer awareness and alternatives to plastics. Specifically, both McGlade and the
authors of the academic article use context to encourage consumers to think about plastic, it's necessity, and it's consequence. Another specific point
is that both articles use examples of how plastic impacts marine life. The article written by Vaughn uses the example of jellyfish and how plastics
allow them to broaden their range in the ocean and affect the food chain of other marine life. The academic article uses the example of marine life
ingesting marine debris causing death within different species. Both of these examples can serve as evidence to marine debris interfering with the
biodiversity of the ocean. As jellyfish disrupt the food chain the cycle of disrupted food source will continue down the chain as the issue worsens. As
marine life ingests plastics and die–off marine food chains are affected even further. To sum up, both articles use examples that analyze the issue of
marine debris, and both articles turn to the need for change that can solve the problem. Whether the change be technologies that have real
biodegradability or alternate human behaviour all the writers understand the steps that need to be

The Great Pacific Garbage Patch
Since the introduction of plastics in the early 20th century, waste production inland has accumulated at an ever–increasing rate. Improperly disposing
of waste washes through inland waterways, which eventually carries the waste into the ocean. The north pacific garbage gyre spans the majority of the
area. The physical gyre stretches from the coast of Japan to California. Four different currents maintain the circular motion of the gyre, which
encapsulates large amounts of debris in the center of the gyre, known as the convergence zone. All of these components lead to the term most call as
the "Great Pacific Garbage Patch". The unfortunate locations of the world's oceans, downhill and downstream of humans, allow plastics, chemicals and
any form of pollution to follow natural transportation directly into our oceans.
In 1869, John Wesley invented the celluloid, the first plastic product to be given a name. In 1909, Bakelite is introduced to the chemist club in New
York as the "first thermoset plastic", meaning that once the plastic mold was set it was set for life. Everywhere we look there are plastics, we have
become so accustomed to their presence that we can hardly remember a time when they did not serve our needs. Remember, there used to be a time
where our cars, plates, furniture, and airplanes were not made almost entirely of plastic. Roughly 100 billion pounds of plastic pellets are used every
year by the United States, and current figures from India and China are

Plastic Plague: Negative Effects Of Oceanic Debris
The Plastic Plague: The Negative Effects of Oceanic Debris The earth's oceans take up roughly three fourths of the planet's surface area and hold
roughly 97 percent of all water on earth (Silverman). It is important that people make sure that the oceans are kept clean because the ocean contains
many essential elements for the survival of both humans and animals. A rising problem that is not often brought up is the increasing amounts of
man–made debris, especially plastic, that are accumulating in these waters that is slowly effecting the oceans ecosystem as well as the health of
humans. Some may argue that the plastics have little effect on the environment but the facts show that this is not the case. The amount of ocean debris
has increased... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Humans will most likely be unable to clean up all of the debris in the ocean but we may be able to stop oceanic pollution over time. One step we must
take is to start using re–usable grocery bags and water bottles. Doing so will greatly decrease the amounts of plastics going into the ocean every day.
According to the EPA, "Shoppers worldwide use approximately 500 billion single–use plastic bags per year". If grocery stores began to require
shoppers to use cloth bags these numbers would decrease drastically and in turn cut down the amounts of plastic sent into the ocean. Another startling
fact by the EPA is that on average, Americans throw away 1500 plastic bottles every second. If even half of the population cut out plastic bottles and
replaced them with re–useable water bottles, the amounts of plastics transferred into the oceans every day would be cut down

Marine Debris Research Paper
What is Marine Debris?
Every potato chip bag thrown on the floor, every balloon released into the air, and every gum wrapper discarded on the sidewalk has an affect on our
planet. In the short term we view these acts as miniscule and irrelevant, but what most of us fail to understand is that every act of pollution has a
snowball effect that only harms us and our environment. Unfortunately, most of the plasticwaste we throw on the floor ends up on our beaches, in our
waterways, and in our oceans. Especially in Florida, where everyone is at most 45 mins from the beach, it is not difficult for trash to find its way to
our oceans. Marine debris, ocean trash or ocean pollution, regardless of its many names the rhetoric still stands; every piece of litter has a ripple effect
that ultimately makes it to our oceans.
What are the challenges with Marine Debris? Causes: The causes for Marine Debris are not very complicated. Any man made object that intentionally
or unintentionally ends up in our oceans is considered marine debris ("Trash pollution," 2015) . This can be cigarette buds, plastic containers or beer
glasses. According to an article published by the Ocean Health ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
("Impacts," n.d.)Areas with beautiful beaches, such as Florida, can loose tourism due to blemish marine debris can leave on the shoreline.
Furthermore, the environment and wildlife are both affected by marine debris. Coral reefs can become polluted and eventually die, and marine life
often ingests or becomes entangled in the debris. Also, debris can be hidden under the surface of the water, and because of this boats can damage their
engines and propellers if they fail to see the trash and end up boating over the debris. Additionally, invasive species can attach to debris and drift
thousands of miles into foreign habitats. ("Impacts,"

Pacific Trash Vortex
As humans we forget how much of what we do is polluting the Earth. Dumping trash on the side of the road because you are too lazy to throw it in
the trash or recycles at home can be disastrous. People may forget that wind can pick up the plastic or other floating material into the ocean. Causing
you to end up polluting the ocean with non–consumable things for animals. All that pollution from others from Japan to North America pollutes and it
can all build up. The place with some of the largest trash in the world in the Pacific Trash Vortex.
The vortex has so much trash its estimated length is unknown due to scientists saying that about 70% of marine debris sinks to the bottom of the ocean.
Knowing that what you see on the surface cannot add up to what you see underneath. The trash vortex is confined by the North Pacific Gyre. Which
is a system created by a system of circular ocean currents formed by Earths wind patterns and the forces created by the rotation of the planet. The
currents that affect this vortex of trash is California North Equatorial, Kuroshiro, and North Pacific currents. They move in a clockwise direction
around an area of about 20 million square kilometers. This is what causes the trash to accumulate in the pacific. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Wrong it is actually a formation of tiny bits of plastic floating on the ocean called micro plastics. Some cannot be seen by the human eye it is like a
cloudy water. Still underneath bigger items are found like tools, boots, and

Oceans And Plastic Pollution
Oceans are very important factors in our environment. Our Earth is 71% water and 50%–80% of all life on Earth lives in that 71% water. The ocean
also contains 99% of the living space on the planet. ("The Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch"). So as you can see, the water we have on Earth has a big
purpose. Oceans are some families' vacations and are admired for their beauty. They give us food, transportation, and even oxygen, but what do we
do for the ocean? We pollute it. "Our ocean contains 5.25 trillion pieces of plastic debris. Of that mass, 260,000 tons float on the service, while four
billion plastic microfibers per square kilometer litter the deep sea." (Laura Parker). 80% Of marine debris comes from trash and debris in urban runoff
like land–based sources. Key components of land–based sources include litter, trash and debris from construction, ports and marinas, commercial and
industrial facilities, and trash blown out of garbage containers, trucks, and landfills. Ocean–based sources such as overboard items from ships and
fishing gear, are the other 20%. Food containers and packaging are the largest component of the solid waste stream ("The Problem of Marine Plastic
Pollution"). These items, together with plastic bags, also represent the largest component of marine debris. Packaging and single use disposable
products are not only present in marine debris, but they represent an unsustainable use of precious resources like oil, trees, energy sources, and water.
The quantity of marine debris is increasing in oceans worldwide. Researchers at the Algalita Marine Research Foundation documented an increase in
plastic debris in the Central Pacific Gyre five–fold between 1997 and 2007, where the baseline in 1997 showed plastic pieces outnumbered plankton
on the ocean surface.("Clean Water Action"). Each year the pollution increases, making marine life decrease. The pollution also makes their living
conditions worse, to the point where they have to leave their homes and live somewhere cleaner. "Tens of thousands of individual animals from
hundreds of marine species, including every kind of sea turtle and around half of marine mammals, have encountered plastic, glass, and other garbage
in the ocean, according to a

North Pacific Gyre Research Paper
The North Pacific Gyre is one of the five major ocean gyres and one of the most biggest too. It is roughly the size of Texas. This gyre is obviously
located in the northern Pacific Ocean. This gyre is often called the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. An oceanic gyre is like a giant mass of water that is
moved by the currents, sometimes people compare them to vortexes. The North Pacific Gyre is created by the currents of California, North Equatorial,
Kuroshiro, and North Pacific Ocean. These four currents move in a somewhat clockwise direction around an area of about 7.7 million square miles.
The area in the center of the gyre is the calmest and this is where the debris collects and then it becomes trapped here and is often not cleaned up.
Most of the trash and things that are collected in the garbage patch can not be broken down.
The actual garbage patch was predicted in a 1988 paper that was published by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of the United
States. This prediction was based off of results from several alaskan based researchers between 1985 and 1988. Charles J. Moore, returning home
through the North Pacific Gyre after competing in the Transpac sailing race in 1997, came upon an enormous ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The other 20% will come from offshore oil rigs, boaters, and sometimes very large cargo ships. The debris that appears at the Great Pacific Garbage
Patch varies greatly. There has been computer monitors, plastic, legos, bottle caps, plastic bags, and even lots of fishing nets. All of this trash can
cause major disruptions in marine food webs and ecosystems. For example, the plastic could block the sunlight from getting to the ocean plants, algae,
and plankton, this will result in the producers to suffer and then the animals that consume them will then be without a decent meal. The overall
outcome of this scenario would be a smaller access to seafood and this will cause seafood prices to spike

The Effects Of Marine Debris And The Entanglement On The...
In 2014, NOAA provides this report with detailed and sufficient information relating to the effects of marine debris and the entanglement that happens
to the ocean's animals. The report done by NOAA's Marine Debris Programs gives amazing information to help argue my opinion in the future, since it
is referring to debris and animals. The information regarding the effects of marine species in marine pollution, specifically pinnipeds is stated in the
report about how many different marine animals are being entangled by the pollution humans are creating. This report provides excellent background
information with facts dating all the way back to 1983 to 2014. I believe with all these years of research the report helps me find other information
relating to marine debris. NOAA has made is very easy to identify who has published this report along with who was involved. NOAA being The
Nation Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration makes them quite qualified to speak on marine pollution and they allow all contact information to be
found. For the most part NOAA has done their own research in order to create this report, therefore there is not any other sources. With NOAA being
almost all about marine life the administration is biased, but they provide valid information that can easily be verified.
"Ingestion Occurrence and Health Effects of Anthropogenic Debis Ingested by Marine Organisms." Noaa.org. Noaa, 1 Apr. 2014. Web. 22 Oct. 2015.
2014, NOAA did this report in order to inform

Impact Of The Marine Debris
The marine Debris starts off at the surface and make sure it's all cleared to move on deep into the ocean. They dive deep into the ocean and take a
backpack and take all the plastic out of the ocean. Some other things that they do to help is get a group of people that want to help as well. The
people that are helping usually help around the surface area to even prevent it from spreading deeper. The way they do it is reasearch, prevent,
reduce and impact of the marine debris. The program also spredheads to try and help at most of all of the ocean parts.Each year (October through
September), the Marine Debris Program supports projects across the country that use outreach and education as a way to prevent plastic ending up in
the ocean. These projects aim to change behavior, especially among kids, and provide them with hands–on experiences that deepen their understanding
of the marine debris problem.

Ocean Pollution Causes
The Causes of Ocean Pollution Ocean Pollution has been occurring for years. It is important because trash and toxic substances are harmful to humans
and animals. Animals are continuously dying either by being choked from trash caught around their neck or them mistaking it for food. Humans are
responsible for overfishing. There is less fish species due to overfishing. Ocean Pollution is caused by people, natural disasters and animals. When
looking at the ocean pollution caused by people it impacts animals and ourselves as humans. For many years, the unregulated dumping of chemicals,
toxins and other waste directly into lakes, rivers, streams and oceans triggered disease and other risks to humans and wildlife(Calhoun 89). This can
affect ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If seabirds and marine life keep dying from eating cast–off garbage they will eventually become extinct. The dumping of toxic liquids in the ocean
directly affects the marine life as they are considered hazardous and secondly, they raise the temperature of the ocean, known as thermal pollution,
as the temperature of these liquids is quite high(causes and effects). Toxic liquids are not good for the water, humans and marine life. The
temperature of the ocean is highly affected by carbon dioxide and climate changes, which impacts primarily the ecosystems and fish communities
that live in the ocean(causes and effects). Too much carbon dioxide is a bad thing because too much can make the water warmer than it should be.
Landfills urban runoff, ocean dumpsites, ocean vessels and the dumping of fossil fuel are just a few of the pathways that lead to the
oceans(Calhoun 109). All these pathways to pollution are making it unsafe for marine life to be in the water. The release of other chemical nutrients
into the ocean's ecosystem leads to reductions in oxygen levels, the decay of plant life, a severe decline in the quality of the seawater itself(causes
and effects). The less oxygen there is in the water, the harder it will be for marine life to breathe and the harder it will be for plants to grow. Sewage
or polluting substances flow through rivers or drainages directly into the ocean(causes and effects). The sewage harms animals in the

Impact Of Marine Debris On Sea And Land
Alyssa Dermenjian Dr. Martha House Geology 12 Lab 11 December 2014 Impact of Marine Debris on Sea and Land Marine habitats throughout the
world are severely affected by man–made items of debris and solid waste; marine debris contaminates the environment, as well as impacting the
economy, and the safety of humans and their health. The extent of the impacts is dictated by the type of marine debris and the location of which it
settles in the ocean; whether it be floating, submerged or within a delicate habitat. Marine debris can be viewed as any persistent, manufactured or
processed solid material that is disposed of in the marine and coastal environment. While this definition delineates a very comprehensive array of
materials, however the most common items usually involve plastic–polystyrene pieces, rope/cord/nets, cotton swabs, and light weight food packaging.
Marine debris commonly arise from the shoreline and recreational activities, waterway activities, smoking, and dumping at sea. For example,
fishing nets, plastic bags, and tires can sink to the ocean floor and break and smother coral reefs. Fishing line can float along the ocean surface and
catch vessel propellers causing costly damage. A syringe can wash up on the beach and be stepped on by a beachgoer resulting in a wound and
possibly an infection. Regardless of the type or the location of the marine debris, it can have serious impacts. Small plastic particles, fragments less
than 5mm in diameter, are of concern

Plastics And The Plastic Age
The current period in human history is referred to as the plastic age (CГіzar et al 2014). Plastic is synthetic polymers derived from petroleum (Vikas &
Dwarakish 2015), it is lightweight, inexpensive to produce and hailed as an industrial achievement (Detloff & Istel 2016). Moreover, plastic does not
decompose, the durable material simply breaks into smaller particles, pervading the water and marine life (Detloff & Istel 2016). Our current society
has established a constant consume and discard rhythm, fuelling the 'plastic economy'. Marine plastic pollution mainly occurs from land based
plastic debris, comprised of: littering, incessant plastic bag use and inappropriate disposal (Derriak 2002). Microplastics are pieces of plastic less
than five millimetres in size (Detloff & Istel 2016). These particles account for 92% of the plastics in the ocean (Shim & Thomposon 2015).
Microplastics have become ubiquitous in the ocean, found as far as the Arctic and Antarctic seas (Obbard et al 2014 as cited in Shim & Thomposon
2015; Law & Thompson 2014 as cited in Shim & Thomposon 2015). Plastic pollution is also significantly damaging the fragile marine ecosystem, as
well as massacring innocent marine creatures (Deltoff & Istell 2016; Avio, Gorbi & Regoli 2017). Overall, preventing ocean plastic pollution is
difficult, due to the large volume of production and contamination, particularly microplastics, coupled with inadequate disposal practices of plastic.
In 2014, 311 million tonnes of plastic were produced (Detloff & Istel 2016), and half was disposed of within the year (Singh & Sharma 2016). The
most commonly used and plentiful polymers are: high–density polyethylene, low–density polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polypropylene
and polyethylene terephthalate (Andray & Neal 2009 as cited in Li, Tse and Fok 2016). These polymers account for 90% of total plastic production,
and as a result are the most common plastics found in aquatic environments (Andray 2011 and Engel 2012 as cited in Li, Tse and Fok 2016). Plastic
debris often migrates to form five subtropical gyres, large garbage patches colloquially dubbed 'marine soup' (Eriksen et al 2013; Weinstein 2009). It is
estimated five to thirteen tonnes of

Marine Debris : A Worldwide Problem Caused By Impacts From...
Abstract Beach marine debris is a worldwide problem caused by impacts from human activities. This impact has an effect on marine organisms,
ecological and biological processes, aesthetics and economies. Transect surveys were conducted along a small beach in Coffs Harbour from
2012–2015, to collect, weigh and identify the types of marine debris found in this area. The debris found was predominantly composed of plastic of
consumer items and packing items along with many fishing related items. Marine debris is an ongoing problem that needs to be further investigated on
how to reduce the amount of debris entering the marine environment or finding alternatives to use instead of plastic consumer items and packing items.
Introduction Pollution particularly in the form of anthropogenic debris is becoming increasingly important within the marine environment. Marine
debris has been defined by Santos et al (2009) as 'any manufactured or processes solid waste material that enters the marine environment from any
source'. Marine debris is a recognizable sign of the impact human activities have upon the coastal environment (Taffs & Cullen, 2005). Marine debris is
recognised as a significant pollution issue that has a range of environmental consequences. Marine debris is a global issue with impacts on marine
organisms such as entanglement, ingestion and smothering, ecological and biological processes, aesthetics and local, regional and worldwide
economies (Smith & Markic, 2013). Debris

Plastic In The Ocean
It is said that every year 8 million metric tons of plastic ends up in our oceans but how does it get there in the first place? Well 80% of the plastics in
the ocean come from land–based activities. Such as, plastic litter when we are not responsible on how we dispose our plastic including plastic water
bottles and plastic packaging. These things seem convenient to most of us but in the end they do more harm than good. The remainder 20% comes
from plastics released at sea, such as lost and discarded fishing gear.
Once plastic gets into the ocean there is no way out due to the fact that it does not biodegrade. Plastic bags can take 20 years to decompose, plastic
bottles up to 450 years, and fishing line, 600 years; but in fact, no one really knows how long plastics will remain in the ocean. With exposure to
UV rays and the ocean environment, plastic breaks down into smaller and smaller fragments. Not only this, since plastic is lighter than water it ends
up floating in the ocean being swept by currents. As a result, a lot of plastic gets caught in the spiralling ocean gyres. The circular motion of the gyre
draws the debris into the centre where it becomes trapped and builds up. While the water in the centre of the gyres sinks, the plastic is too light ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the ocean, plastic debris injures and kills fish, seabirds and marine mammals. Marine plastic pollution has impacted at least 267 species worldwide,
including 86% of all sea turtle species, 44% of all seabird species and 43% of all marine mammal species. The impacts include fatalities as a result of
ingestion, starvation, suffocation, infection, drowning, and entanglement. For example, Leatherback turtles often mistake floating plastic bags for
jellyfish. A plastic bag can cause a turtle to choke and eventually die. Our marine life is hurt as a result of our irresponsible actions and it's on our
power to change

Post Industrial Revolution: The Cause Of Water Pollution
Before the industrial revolution, contamination of water came from waste products from human and animals. In the 19th century relatively small
amounts of organic and metal materials were in production. Post industrial revolution production of metals was on a large scale and burning coal was
more predominant (Cullers). Industrialization in human society has continued to increase over the decades leading to more water pollution. Humans
have been studied to put over 8 million tons of marine litter and pollution into the ocean each year (Parker). This pollution comes in many forms,
whether it is plastic, oil, garbage, or motor vehicle emissions. The largest contributor of oceanic pollution comes from land–based sources. Land–based
sources include ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Heavy metals such as Zn, Fe, Co, Cu, Cr, Mn, and Ni are bio–accumulative and are stable in ecosystems. These elements are needed for metabolism in
small doses. If said elements accumulate too high they cause toxic effects. Toxicity of these elements causes an environmental concern (Sharma).
Causes of accumulations of heavy metals are caused by rapid industrialization. This pollution causes an environmental threat to aquatic organisms, due
to the toxic effects in the food chain (Majumder). Cyanobacteria are the primary organisms affected by heavy metals. Challenged by toxic oxygen
species, cyanobacteria produce photosynthetic electrons that are exceeded in their assimilation of inorganic nutrients. Metals affect growth, which are
consistently being spread out in the environment due to human activities. Corrine, C. & Franck, C.). Said metals cannot be degraded and high levels in
cyanobacteria affect the food chain. Cyanobacteria are vital in aquatic communities as they provide oxygen, which is a source of life for phytoplankton.
Once the phytoplankton eats the cyanobacteria, zooplanktons eat the phytoplankton. Metal concentration in tissues are raised each step up on the food
chain; A study by Kafkas University uncovered. Magnification of toxic metals that bio accumulate throughout the food chain are heavily prevalent in
fish. Researchers in Tanzania have noted that metal concentrations in

Solution Of Plastic Pollution
Plastic pollution makes up the majority of pollution problems all over the world, on land and off land. There are few solutions to fixing this
pollution problem overall because of plastic properties. The pollution in the ocean poses a great problem to marine ecosystems, and to the health of
the human population due to its durability. Over the years the consumption of plastic products has risen a marginal amount making the issue of
pollution even larger ("When the Mermaids Cry: The Great Plastic Tide"). The pollution causes damage to the economy, environment, marine life,
human health, along with the global impact. If the plastic pollution problem does not decrease, or completely disappear, then there will be great
consequences in the oceans and on land. Plastic is a non biodegradable material that is made to last forever, yet only about 50% of plastic products
are used once then thrown away. (Plastic Oceans Foundation). The world uses 300 million tons of plastic every year for various uses, "Plastic is
cheap and incredibly versatile with properties that make it ideal for many applications" (Plastic Oceans Foundation). Every few seconds humans are
producing about 20,000 plastic bottles and "a million plastic bottles are bought around the world every minute and the number will jump another 20%
by 2021, creating an environmental crisis some campaigners predict will be as serious as climate change." (Laville, Sandra, and Matthew Taylor).
With the way the world is going with

How has the Great Pacific Garbage Patch affected marine...
Recently, it has been said that an eighth continent has formed, but this is no ordinary landmass, instead it is made entirely out of manmade trash. In
the Pacific Ocean, between the coast of California and the Hawaiian Islands, lies a so–called "patch" of waste, mainly consisting of plastic
(Transoceanic Trash). It is called the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, also known as the Pacific Trash Vortex. The patch extends over a vast area in the
North Pacific Ocean, its true size today is still considered undetermined because it estimates vary greatly, no estimates are exact due to the changing
wind and ocean currents, as well as the growing volume of debris (Great Pacific Garbage Patch). The trash that makes up this mass, comes from all
over the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These plastic bits are so small it is almost impossible for fish and other marine life to distinguish them between plankton, which many fish and
other larger animals such as whales eat (Great Pacific Garbage Patch). Many animals are consuming this trash ultimately leading to their death. For
example loggerhead sea turtles it is common for them to mistake plastic grocery bags as their favorite food, which is jellyfish (Great Pacific
Garbage Patch). Many other larger mammals and water birds have been strangled in plastic rings that holds canned drinks together (Great Pacific
Garbage Patch). Many birds will commonly fly over the Pacific Garbage Patch, including the albatross, and unfortunately many mistake the garbage
as food (The Great Pacific Garbage). A shocking number of 200,000 to 500,000 chicks that were born died, many of them having trash in their
stomachs, not only plastics but also bottle caps and various items were found (The Great Pacific Garbage). It has been predicted that about 100,000
marine mammals will die from trash–related deaths per year, many pieces of plastic and garbage has been found in deceased animals' digestive
systems (Great Pacific Garbage Patch). Rusty Brainard, working for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric

What Is Ocean Pollution Persuasive Speech
Speech Preparation Outline Template
Speech Title: Ocean Pollution and its effects on Florida Wildlife
I. Introduction
A. Attention Getter: What is the one thing we all have in common in this room– We all live in Florida. And Florida is known for its beaches and
wildlife. It is currently estimated that there is 100 million tons of plastic is in our oceans, and the impacts on local marine wildlife include fatalities
from ingestion, starvation, suffocation, infection, drowning, and entanglement.
B. Purpose Statement: Plastic pollution in our waterways is killing local marine wildlife.
C. Credibility: I chose this topic because I kayak in our Florida waterways and I see the pollution and damage it does to our ecosystem
D. Preview of Main ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to NOAA, "Scientists have found plastic fragments in literally hundreds of species including 86% of all sea turtles, 44% of all seabird
species, and 43% of marine mammal species"
a. Sea turtles are dying because they try to eat plastic bags mistaking them for jellyfish
2. According to the Sea Turtle Conservancy, sea turtles have a downward facing spine in their throats which makes it impossible for regurgitation.
a. Therefore, plastics get stuck in their stomach preventing them from swallowing food properly.
3. Many Sea turtles suffer from "bubble butt" because harmful gas gets trapped due to decomposition, causing the turtle to float, usually resulting in
starvation, or making them easy prey. Transition: However, Sea turtles are not the only species to suffer from plastic pollution. Our local fish also
suffer and die.
B. Main Point #2: Fish bring in water through their gills and ingest micro plastics causing a chain reaction
1. So what are "microplastics"? "NOAA classifies microplastics as small plastic pieces less than 5 mm in diameter which can be harmful to our ocean
and aquatic life". Microbeads are also tiny pieces of plastic added to health and beauty products, such as some cleansers and

Plastic Pollution and the Effects on Human Health Essay...
Where does all the plastic go. Every bit of plastic that has been created is still here. This is because plastic is one–hundred percent non–biodegradable!
Even the most degraded plastic down to polymers cannot be digested by bacteria (Laist, 1997). If global issues like starvation and climate change are
not enough to stress on, the weight of an issue literally churning in the Pacific Ocean is startling. For decades the majority of the world's population has
not been properly educated on the nature of plastic and the potential harm it can do to our environment and our physical health. Due to factors of man
and the natural effects of nature, a major problem has developed that is now harming our food.
Marine plastic is a visible sign of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Due to their regurgitation ability; most studies have focused on the ingestion of plastic pollution by bird, this does little harm to birds used in the
studies. The effects of ingestible plastic on fish have not been studied as thoroughly and no studies have been conducted on filter–feeding organisms,
which do not possess a feeding mechanism which would allow them to distinguish between plastic and plankton. Plastic pollution is only getting
worse due to increasing population of developing countries. A wide variety of marine species is known to be harmed by plastic debris. This could
threaten the survival of certain species, especially since many are sadly endangered by other types of anthropogenic actions.
Plastic debris pollution in the marine environment is greatest in oceanographic convergences and eddies, where plastic bits accumulate (Day 1986).
Gyres make up a large proportion, approximately seventy–five percent, of what we refer to as the open ocean, or the area of the ocean that does not
consist of coastal areas. Gyres are an area of junction that forces plastic into a central area with little to no wind and current influence. In
oceanography, a subtropical gyre is a connected system of ocean currents rotating clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and counterclockwise in the
Southern. Typically they form in large open ocean areas. A large volume of high
–pressure air

Plastic Ocean Research Paper
Plastic Ocean Walking through the traditional grocery store, consumers find hundreds of plastic items to make their lives more convenient.
Individually wrapped pop tarts, plastic zip lock bags to store sub sandwiches for lunch, deodorant cases, plastic combs to groom hair, diapers, and
soda bottles. Unless specifically requested to carry a cloth bag, even the bags we use to carry our groceries home are produced plastic. To society,
these are items of convenience and not necessity. But to marine animals that reside in our ocean, they can be a hazardous warzone, "which ends up
polluting our oceans and killing millions of birds and fish and more than 100,000 sea turtles, according to the Sierra Club"(D.G.22). Plastic whether it
is a syringe, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
What is not acknowledged to society if that the plastic bags like the ones at our grocery stores are made of high–density polyethylene (HDPE). Most
plastics break down slowly through a combination of photo degradation, oxidation and mechanical abrasion. Thick plastic items persist for
decades, even when exposed to direct sunlight, and survive even longer when shielded from UV radiation under water or in sediments. This
substance makes any type of plastic incredibly hard to recycle. Before the convenient uses of plastic, when fisherman at sea dumped their trash
overboard it consisted of natural materials that were easily broken down and dissolved not allowing items to float as a solid and cause harm. The
items usually consisted of Metal, cloth or paper that would either sink to the bottom or dissolve very quickly. Plastic remains floating on the surface,
the same place where marine animals go to for food sources lie and can remain intact for up to 400 years. Plastic is extremely malleable and durable,
these traits make plastic an extremely dangerous threat to our ocean. Out of all the plastic materials, plastic bags have to be one of the most lethal
roaming the oceans. : "Each year Americans throw out more than 100 billion plastic bags, which end up polluting our oceans"(D.G.22)"Plastic exceed
what you would anticipate would be their pollution impact, because they're so much more mobile than other types of litter"(Williams

Research Paper On The Great Pacific Garbage Patch
PLASTIC ISLANDS IN THE OCEAN
For thousands, maybe even millions, of years, marine debris has built up on these little islands in the pacific ocean. However one may know it as the
Great Pacific Garbage Patch. ?The Great Pacific Garbage Patch spans waters from the West Coast of North America to Japan? (Great Pacific Garbage
Patch). Marine Debris is litter that ends up in oceans, and other large bodies of water. This in turn makes the Great Pacific Garbage Patch.
The patch also includes the Western and Eastern regions between Hawaii and California. There is also a convergence zone in which warm water and
cool water meet up from the South Pacific and the Arctic. In this zone, the debris moves from warm water to cool water. So in turn the debris is able
to move freely throughout these zones. They are also able to travel through and into the Pacific ocean.
That leads us to our second topic, an ocean gyre. ?An ocean gyre is a system of circular ocean currents formed by the Earth?s wind patterns and the
forces created by the rotation of the planet? (Great Pacific Garbage Patch). The gyre that we will be talking about is the one in the North Pacific
Subtropical Gyre. California, North Equatorial, Kuroshiro, and North Pacific currents interact with the gyre. As ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
( Connor, Microplastic Waste; This massive(tiny) threat to sea life is now in every ocean). Microplastics can also range in size from invisible to
millimeters in diameters. Because of this, it is quite hard for scientists to identify. Although it is also very easy for microplastics to stick together and
make these islands. These tiny plastics are also beginning to spread everywhere in the oceans. Because they are everywhere that means they are also
polluting the water and endangering marine

The Pacific Ocean is a Plastic Garbage Dump Essay
Table of Contents
Introduction
1.The Great Pacific Garbage Patch
1.1.Distribution of plastic objects into the Pacific Ocean
1.2.The Great Pacific Garbage Patch characteristic
1.3.The discovery of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch
2.Effects on wildlife
2.1.Characteristics of plastics
2.2.Plastic with marine birds and animals
3.Examples of reducing the plastic garbage
3.1.Clean up
3.2.Law toward solving plastic pollution
4.Recommendations
5.Conclusion
References
1. Introduction Oceans make up seventy percent of earth's surface, and are the largest place to sustain and accumulate various species. However,
humans' wastes, such as oil spill, industrial toxic wastewater, and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to the Quantitative Distribution and Characteristics of Neuston Plastic in the North Pacific Ocean (1985), the usual way to find the plastic
objects are brought by ships such as lines, nets, and floats. In addition, it is possibly any kind of plastic package or object would be discarded and
lost to the sea. Plastic objects would suffer natural division to turn into small fragments. Moreover, the plastics' density, or trapped gas will lead to
plastic fragments float on the ocean and cannot sink.
2.2 The Great Pacific Garbage Patch characteristic The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is the massive and immovable region of the North Pacific Ocean
bound by the North Pacific Gyre. The gyre's rotational pattern attracts waste debris across the North Pacific Ocean. Moreover, when the waste debris
imprisons in the currents, wind– driven surface currents move floating fragments slowly toward the center, and trapping them in the section. The
garbage patch's size is still unknown because large and visible waste items are uncommon to see and lots of small fragments are suspended at or just
below the surface that they are difficult to measure by aircraft and satellite. Sea Studio Foundation reports that the garbage patch's is roughly twice the

size of Texas, and containing approximately 3.5 million tons of

Solution And The Effects Of Plastic Pollution
The effect of plastic pollution and why it needs to be stopped In a society that wants everything convenient and ready to use, plastic found the perfect
market for its thousands of uses. Food, toys, medical equipment, and even clothing come either from plastic or at least wrapped or pre–portioned in
plastic. While plastic makes the modern world so much cheaper and easier, it also comes with an environmental cost. With the endless amount of
products made from or housed in plastic comes an endless amount of discarded wrappers, bags, straws, bottles, toys and even car parts. Some
people wonder where all the plastic bottles and trash go that people carelessly drop on the daily, or think about about how recycling works, and if
it even does work. For years the human race has been treating the environment like a landfill itself, and its about time there was some awareness
raised. Plastic pollution is a major problem in today's society. Our first Earth day was celebrated 47 years ago while the nation was very poisoned.
Places like Los Angeles were covered in thick smog. There were even rivers on fire in Cleveland due to massive pollution (Lytle). Ever since
WWII the production of industrial chemicals has risen very rapidly. The USA generates and imports over 42 billion pounds of chemicals per day!
These aren't just chemicals from a scientist's lab, they are hidden in everyday items from baby bottles to big screen tv's (Lytle). The Toxic
Substances act (TCSA) of 34 years has been a failure. The government is chosen to decide which chemicals are safe and which are hazardous, and
the only way they test if it's safe is inspecting the data given to them by the factories. These industries can lie and hide major details when
providing reports to the government (Lytle). Some chemicals like BPA can have strange effects at even the lowest dosage. BPA has been used since
the 1940's to harden polycarbonate plastics and make epoxy resin which is then used in the lining of food and beverage containers. Polycarbonates
can be identified by the recycling number 7 on the bottom of their containers, this is known as the resin identification code. BPA does its job in plastic
very well, over 6 billion pounds of it are produced

We Are Contaminating Our Oceans in the Name of Progress
The demands of the industrial nations and newly–industrializing emerging economies, particularly China and India, for energy and mineral resources
led to an accumulation of quantities of goods being transported from far–distant countries via seas. The use of the Northern Sea Route (NSR) is in
consideration for Russia when negotiating with Korean shippers for energy shipments. Beijing officials believe that by the end of the decade five to
fifteen percent of their country's international trade, mainly container traffic, will use the NSR (Blank, 2014). With plans to expand polar research,
Beijing has strived to create better policies due to the change in climate. Moreover, according to an article last May, "Singapore's 'Arctic diplomacy'
is driven primarily by an ambition to exploit an emerging market niche in which it sees itself as a technological and expertise leader" (Straits Times,
2013). However, the pursuit for the Arctic's rich resources and convenient location has caused rivalries in trade, such as that between India and China.
Nonetheless, tensions between countries will continue to progress if not stabilized by national security or some sort of negotiation between these
countries. Markets are increasingly becoming globalized, hence escalating shipping volumes. Trade between countries without a common border is
carried mainly overseas. Due to the spectacular rise of trade vis–Г –vis economic growth, world trade since the 1950s has more than trebled to 45 per
cent of

Plastic Pollution : The Environmental Effects Of Plastics
Many people remain oblivious to the seriousness of plastic pollution, a member of the Council of the British Plastics Federation and a Fellow of the
Plastics Institute, stated that "Plastics litter is a very small proportion of all litter and causes no harm to the environment except as an
eyesore"(PeГ±a). "His comments not only illustrates how the deleterious environmental effects of plastics were entirely overlooked, but also that,
apparently, even the plastics industry failed to predict the great boom in the production and use of plastics of the past 30 years. In the marine
environment, the perceived abundance of marine life and the vastness of the oceans have lead to the dismissal of the proliferation of plastic debris as a
potential hazard." (Derraik) A recent study conducted by several United States scientists counted up the amount of plastic produced since the 1950s.
"The number they came to is mind–boggling: 8.3 billion metric tons of virgin plastics produced worldwide since 1950. That's as heavy as 25,000
Empire State Buildings or a billion elephants, according to the BBC." (Mosbergen). That amount really puts the problem into perspective, the problem
is not only about what humans do with the plastic but the amount we produce in our country alone. "That's just really a staggering amount," lead
author Roland Geyer, an industrial ecologist at the University of California, Santa Barbara, told NPR. If you spread all that plastic out ankle–deep, "it
[could] cover an area

Marine Debris In The Florida Keys
Abstract:
Marine debris was collected and placed into categories at Long Key State Park in the Florida Keys. Data was taken on Thursday, March 26th, 2015.
The total number of debris collected totaled at 835 items. The most common type of marine debris collected during this experiment was assorted
plastics totaling at 513 pieces (61.43%). Many of the debris collected where small and unidentifiable.
Introduction:
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) definemarine debris as "any persistent solid material that is manufactured or processed
and directly or indirectly, intentionally or unintentionally, disposed of or abandoned into the marine environment" (NOAA, 2015). Marine debris is
classified into two categories: ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For millennia, terrestrial plant matter, seeds, and driftwood have travelled across the open oceans with the help of surface currents. Even floating
islands, also known as tussocks, floatons, or sudds are common in many Florida lakes and across the world (Mallison, C.T., 2001). These islands have
been known to carry exotic plants and vertebrate animals. Floating islands promote trans–ocean dispersal of marine and terrestrial organisms. This
increases biodiversity and helps new barren islands thrive. However, in the last five decades, with the growing number of plastics in the marine
environment, the dispersal and occurrence of these organisms has increased exceedingly (Gregory, R.M., 2009). This paves the way for invasions by
alien and even aggressive invasive species to establish themselves in new ecosystems beyond their native range. A survey done in 2009 reported that
over 150 marine species have established themselves due to marine debris stranded on the shores of northern New Zealand. Most of these organisms
were identified as crustaceans. Four of those organisms discovered are featured in figure 3. Specimen A shows various crustaceans on unknown plastic,
specimen B depicts warm water Indo–Pacific oysters growing on nylon rope, specimen C depicts crustaceans growing on a plastic pellet, and specimen
D depicts a bryozoan colony attached

Plastic Pollution And Its Effects
There are many forms of pollution that occur from oil spills, radioactive wastes, urban air pollution, the release of greenhouse gases, or agricultural
pollution, and one of the most preventable, plastic pollution. Plastic pollution is an accumulation in the environment of man–made plastic products to
the point that they become problematic and harmful to wildlife, wildlife habitats, or human populations. This accumulation is due to the excessive use
of plastics, which has become a worldwide issue, and is accountable for approximately 10% of discarded waste. It has been calculated that 275 million
metric tons (MT) of plastic waste was produced in 192 coastal countries in 2010, with as much as 12.7 million MT entering the ocean (Jambeck et
al., 2015). Plastic pollution can be classified based on the overall size and thickness, as microdebris (2 Вµm), mesodebris (1–5 mm), or macrodebris
(>20 mm). Plastic can be very harmful to the land, waterways, and the ocean due to its extremely slow biodegrading process, which can exceed
hundreds of years. Plastic debris can also be harmful to marine life causing, entanglement, ingestion of plastic waste, and exposure to the chemicals
within plastics, which ultimately affect humans as well.
There are many types of plastics that exist. These varieties are classified based on the method of their polymerization. Some of these classifications are
as follows: polyethylene terephthalate (PET or PETE), high–density polyethylene (HDPE), polyvinyl

Plastic Pollution Essay
The Hawaiian Archipelago, for example, is among the longest and most remote island chains in the world. The 19 islands of the archipelago,
including Midway atolls, receive massive quantities of plastic debris, shot out from the Pacific gyres (Smith, 2011). Some beaches are buried under 5
to 10 feet of plastic, while other beaches are riddled with "plastic sand". One of the reasons marine debris accumulates in these islands is the movement
of debris within the North Pacific Subtropical Convergence Zone (STCZ) (Steiner and Helgesen, 2016).
Images of wounded and tangled marine wildlife have engulfed the media for many years and attempts are being made around the world to curb the
increasing levels of macro–plastic pollution (large, visible pieces of plastic debris). Marine plastic pollution has a global impact on marine wildlife,
habitat and human health and economy in various ways. The most publicized of which is through entanglement and ingestion (refer to graph 1 in
appendices) (Allsopp et al., n.d.). However, once the human–made polymers are ingested, they can lead to physical blockages, gut impaction and
perforation, choking, the transfer of toxic compounds, reduced food intake that leads to malnutrition and eventually starvation (Plastic Waste:
Ecological and Human Health Impacts, 2011). While macro–plastic debris, such as fishing lines and plastic bags, is the main contributor to
entanglement, both micro– and macro–debris are ingested across a wide range of marine

Obama's Battle In Midway
Early this year, President Barack Obama has created the world's largest protected marine sanctuary in the area surrounding the tiny archipelagos of
Midway Atoll. Midway is a tiny rings of coral reef with a population of only 50 people. Midway is only 1,300 miles away from Honolulu, Hawaii
located it in the Middle of the North Pacific Ocean. "The expansion will add 442,781 square miles to the monument making its now a total of
582,578 square miles."[2] Which is nearly the size of the Gulf of Mexico. During the Second World War, the island served as a strategic location for
the US naval; that brought us victory defeating Japan at the Battle of Midway in 1942. Nowadays, the island is home to more than 7,000 marine and
bird species. Not only that, but today's battle in Midway is the impact of plastic debris on seabirds. The seabirds are picking up tiny ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
One of the reasons, President Obama visited the Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument as he stated in his own words was to ensured "That
the entire ecosystem will be able to generate the kind of biodiversity that allows us to study it, research and understand our oceans better than we ever
have before."[1] This demonstrates that Obama's expansion will protected the reefs, and marines animals like whales and sea turtles that are classified
as endangered species. More important the expansion will served as an example of to fight against climate change that are threatening many
ecosystems around the world as well as plastic pollution. Eventually, the endangered species that share the marine environment in Midway, will be
protected under the Obama's expansion like the green turtles, monk seals, tiger sharks and as well as the birds species such as the red–footed booby
and the black–footed

A Research On Plastic Pollution
Throughout my research on Plastic Pollution I learned that plastic is a material that our planet cannot digest but it has become the lubricant growth of
globalization. Thus, Plastic is made from oil that contains many chemicals harmful to humans and animals. Humans are barely aware that Plastic is so
part of our lives that it can be found in everyday products that we consume and even the food we eat. Humanity plastic foot print in the oceans has
caused a major garbage path located thousands of miles off the coast of California, called the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. This is caused due to humans
that throw their waste into the sea and went those plastics are in the water, it breaks down into smaller particles; then pushed by winds, tides and
currents, plastic particles form with other debris into large swirling glutinous accumulation zones. For instance, The World Economic Forum (WEF)
report stated that if we keep producing plastic and improperly dispose of it, there will be more pound of plastic debris than fish by 2050 because we
have been made three times more plastic stuff since we did in 2014. The dangers of over–produced plastic, is that much of it escapes from collection
systems that end up floating in the ocean than into the stomachs of marine birds and sea turtles. This is very alarming to me because we are killing
thousands of marine's lives and its ecosystem by over producing plastic.
However, I learned that it's never too late to decrease the amount of

Research: Plastic Pollution in Water
Solutions to Plastic Pollution in our Oceans
The Basics
We 're treating the oceans like a trash bin: around 80 percent of marine litter originates on land, and most of that is plastic. Plastic that pollutes our
oceans and waterways has severe impacts on our environment and our economy. Seabirds, whales, sea turtles and other marine life are eating marine
plastic pollution and dying from choking, intestinal blockage and starvation. Scientists are investigating the long–term impacts of toxic pollutants
absorbed, transported, and consumed by fish and other marine life, including the potential effects on human health.
What it means to you
Plastic pollution affects every waterway, sea and ocean in the world. When we damage our water... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Seabirds that feed on the ocean surface are especially prone to ingesting plastic debris that floats. Adults feed these items to their chicks resulting in
detrimental effects on chick growth and survival.8 One study found that approximately 98% of chicks sampled contained plastic and the quantity of
plastic being ingested was increasing over time.9
Because persistent organic pollutants in the marine environment attach to the surface of plastic debris, floating plastics in the oceans have been found
to accumulate pollutants and transport them through ocean currents.10 Floating and migrating plastic debris has also been found to transport invasive
marine species.11 Increasingly, research shows that marine life that ingests plastics coated with pollutants can absorb these pollutants their bodies.
Plastic debris is polluting the human food chain. In a 2008 Pacific Gyre voyage, Algalita researchers began finding that fish are ingesting plastic
fragments and debris. Of the 672 fish caught during that voyage, 35% had ingested plastic pieces.
The plastics industry, through the leadership of the American Chemical Council (ACC), spends millions of dollars each year to convince policy makers
and Californians that solutions to plastic pollution lie in anti–litter campaigns that attribute the responsibility for marine debris on individual behavior.
Yet they have devoted little funding to public education and much more on promoting

Persuasive Essay On Marine Pollution
With the amount of pollution around the world many marine animals, especially sea turtles, have been impacted. Research has shown that sea turtles
have begun to have a decrease in their population size with 6 of the 7 sea turtle species being endangered. Sea turtles face many threats in their life
time most of them are natural threats that they face while they are being nested for on beaches around the world. Although many of these natural
threats are easy to over come with the help of preservation acts, the biggest challenge sea turtles face is from the carelessness of humans. The main
human threat they face comes from the increase of pollution which contributes to the increase of the rate at which these turtles are affected and
eventually killed off. With the increase of pollution comes roadblocks the turtles are presented with such as having to live in an extremely polluted
waters, climate change and dealing with life threating health concerns. Today's oceans contain more pollution than they ever have before. With this
increase in pollution it has effected the way marine animals live. From recent studies that have been conducted there is an estimated 5.25 trillion
pieces of plastic debris in the ocean (Duncan, et al., 2016). The amount of pollution that enters the ocean can be attributed to the fact that 85% of the
debris comes from landfills and less than 7% of plastic is recycled around the world (Fardim, et al., 2016). The harm of such debris has been detrimental

The Long Term Effects Of Plastic Usage And Its Disposal
Plastic can be made in to just about anything we use everyday. Just look around you, just about almost anything you use is made out of plastic.
Despite its effortless attainability, plastic has transformed the world and the way, we as consumers, use it on a daily basis. There is questions arising
to whether or not we should be using plastics the way we are. What will be the long–term effect of plastic usage and its disposal? Many experts and
researchers have tried to come to a solid conclusion to the topic. However, its complexity and the way its use is evolving, leaves many holes open to
discussion. Eventually, will we have to completely stop using plastic?
Throughout this research paper, we will analyze different standpoints to the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
What exactly does it mean to be eco–friendly? This research paper discusses what environmental experts VS. people working at plastic companies
have to say. Plastic brings in a huge amount of money to the economy, and that is why it's such a strong industry that is being conserved. However, it
is vital for the people to know the harms and long–term effects of using too much plastic. All in all, plastic is something we won't be able to stop using
for a long time. It is important to inform everyone on what could happen if we use it too much. Also, let it be analyzed how much plastic different
parts of the world are using. What region is using the most, and what can be done about it? Very few people worry about this issue, and that is why
everyone should be reached and informed.
What We Know Before conducting any formal research, we should address any information that we know, assume, or want to know. Plastic has
become essential in our lives, perhaps we take plastic–made objects for granted. It is something that we don't often think about because there is so
much of it. However, plastic never goes away or disappears, and consequently ends up in our world's oceans. Oceans have a natural cycling pattern
called gyres in which plastics end up getting stuck. These can accumulate for years and create –what are called– garbage patches. The Great Pacific
Garbage patch is the most commonly known, and is compared to the size of Texas. After it gets to the

Ocean Pollution Research Paper
In the world today, not a single of us can truly say that we don't at lest come in contact with plastic. They are everywhere, in our cars, carpets, food,
and virtually every other product we consume; it has becomes a globalization needs that we can't run away from. As according to the National
oceanic and atmospheric administration (NOAA) state the approximately 1.4 billion pounds of trash enters the ocean per year. Most of it get washed
up on the beaches by waves and tides, some of it sinks to the bottom of the ocean floor, some got eaten up by marine animals mistaking it for food.
Ultimately plastic pollution is a man made catastrophe, as soon as it enter the Oceans it is causing harm to the ecosystems and environment, as wells as
affecting... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
But the sieve–like skimmers they use, no matter how technologically sophisticated, will never be able to clean up remote garbage gyres: There's too
much turbulent ocean dispersing and mixing up the mess.The problem is compounded by the aquaculture industry, which uses enormous amounts of
plastic in its floats, nets, lines and tubes. The most common floats and tubes found in the deep ocean and on Hawaiian beaches come from huge sea
–urchin and oyster farms like the one that created the oyster–buoy island. Those buoys were torn from their moorings by the tsunami that walloped
Japan on March 11, 2011. But no regulatory remedies exist to deal with tons of plastic equipment lost accidentally and in storms. Government and
industry organizations purporting to certify sustainably farmed seafood, despite their dozens of pages of standards, fail to mention gear that is lost and
floats away. Governments, which are rightly concerned with depletion of marine food sources, should ensure that plastic from cages, buoys and other
equipment used for aquaculture does not escape into the waters.But, in the end, the real challenge is to combat an economic model that thrives on
wasteful products and packaging, and leaves the associated problem of clean–up costs. Changing the way we produce and consume plastics is a
challenge greater than reining in our production of carbon

The Negative Effects Of Marine Plastic Pollution
Marine Plastic Pollution
This essay will examine the effects of plastic pollution on international, national, state and local levels in the marine ecosystem, the impacts on the
health of marine animals and humans, the legislation and management strategies put in place to counteract the negative impacts of the issue and its
origins including the evaluation of the effectiveness of these measures and the conflicting perspectives of the stakeholders involved such as,
intergovernmental, governmental, corporations, environmental and community groups.
Early 1950's marked the introduction of the plastic industry and has in the last 67 years become a useful and versatile material with a wide range of
applications, due to its durability, lightweight and low cost. Plastic comes in many different variations such as Nylon, Acrylic, PVC, Polythene,
Polypropylene, Polycarbonate and much more. These are created using a combination of cellulose, coal, natural gas, salt and crude oil forming chains
of like molecules linked together named polymers (Le Guern, 2009). In many cases plastics are disposed of after one use, especially packaging, water
bottles, plastic bags, straws and cutlery, however, these same attributes that make plastics such a versatile material also pose a threat to ecosystems due
to their durability and persistence in terrestrial, aquatic, and marine environments adversely affecting wildlife, wildlife habitat and humans globally
(Plastic Waste: Ecological and Human Health

Plastic Dumping Plastic In The Ocean

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

More from Brandy Grant

More from Brandy Grant (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Plastic Dumping Plastic In The Ocean