Thinking activity words pdf file

Thinking Activies 2020
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2020
All Thinking Activities Pdf
File
Bhavneshkumar s
Mahyavanshi
[THINKING ACTIVIES]
Thinking Activities.About Author, Introduction,Examples,Types,Video,Conclusion

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Contents
Endmund spenser,Ben johnson and Francis bacon ........................................................................................................... 7
1.Endmund Spenser (1552-1599) ................................................................................................................................. 7
Ben Johnson (1572-1637)............................................................................................................................................. 8
2.Francis bacon (1561-1626) ........................................................................................................................................ 9
Aristotle poetics............................................................................................................................................................... 9
Doctor Faustus thinking activity ......................................................................................................................................10
Metaphysical poetry. ......................................................................................................................................................10
Portrait of John Donne................................................................................................................................................10
Courtesy of the National Portrait Gallery, London .......................................................................................................11
WHAT IS METAPHYSICAL POETRY ? .............................................................................................................................12
METAPHYSICAL POETS ................................................................................................................................................12
JOHN DONNE'S POEMS ...............................................................................................................................................13
"The Flea" ...............................................................................................................................................................13
Hamlet-Kenneth Branagh................................................................................................................................................14
Teacher...........................................................................................................................................................................15
Past-Time....................................................................................................................................................................16
Today's Time...............................................................................................................................................................16
PARADISE LOST...............................................................................................................................................................16
Write Critique on the Character of Eve........................................................................................................................17
Dryden-An essay of Dramatic Poesy................................................................................................................................19
DRYDEN ......................................................................................................................................................................19
Wordsworth's Preface to Lyrical Ballads..........................................................................................................................20
Wordsworth................................................................................................................................................................20
Samual Coleridge-Biographia ..........................................................................................................................................21
Coleridge ....................................................................................................................................................................21
Robinson Crusoe Film Screening .....................................................................................................................................22
Robinson Crusoe.........................................................................................................................................................22
What is Literature? .........................................................................................................................................................24
Mathew Arnold-Study of Poetry......................................................................................................................................25
T.S.Eliot:Tradition and Individual Talent..........................................................................................................................26
About T.S.Eliot ............................................................................................................................................................26

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I.A.RIchards Figurative Language.....................................................................................................................................27
I.A.Richards.................................................................................................................................................................28
Misunderstanding.. in this song...................................................................................................................................29
Northrope Frye thinking activity......................................................................................................................................29
Northrope Frye............................................................................................................................................................29
Structuralism thinking activity.........................................................................................................................................30
Structuralism ..............................................................................................................................................................30
Deconstruction-Derrida ..................................................................................................................................................31
Example......................................................................................................................................................................32
Words.............................................................................................................................................................................32
The Waste Land Thinking Activity....................................................................................................................................33
T.S.Eliot and Waste Land Task..................................................................................................................................33
OD On Oneness of Literature ..........................................................................................................................................34
Modern Poems ...............................................................................................................................................................36
Modernist Poems............................................................................................................................................................36
Modernism .................................................................................................................................................................36
Characteristics of Modernist Poems............................................................................................................................36
2.Darkness ..................................................................................................................................................................37
3."Image" by Edward storer ........................................................................................................................................38
4."In station in Metro" ................................................................................................................................................39
5."The Pool" by H.D.Hilda............................................................................................................................................39
7.Morning at the window............................................................................................................................................40
Symbols ......................................................................................................................................................................41
8.The Red Wheelbarrow..............................................................................................................................................41
ELT 1 thinking activity .....................................................................................................................................................43
To The Light House Thinking Activity...............................................................................................................................44
Image of Ideal women.................................................................................................................................................45
Fluidity v/s Masculinity................................................................................................................................................49
Vision To the lighthouse..............................................................................................................................................49
Transcendentalism and Anti-transcendentalism in Scarlett letter....................................................................................50
Transcendentalism in Scarlett letter............................................................................................................................50
Anti-transcendentalism...............................................................................................................................................50

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Orientalism-Edward Said.................................................................................................................................................51
Edward Said:-..............................................................................................................................................................51
Orientalism:-...............................................................................................................................................................51
PAlESTINE_ISRAEL.......................................................................................................................................................52
Tharoor,Postcolonialism .................................................................................................................................................53
Shashi Tharoor:-..........................................................................................................................................................53
"An Era of Darkness"...................................................................................................................................................54
Ngugi Wa Thiongo's views...........................................................................................................................................55
Then and Now:Colonialism,Post-Colonialism,Imperialism ...............................................................................................56
Colonialism .................................................................................................................................................................56
Post-Colonialism .........................................................................................................................................................57
Imperialism.................................................................................................................................................................57
Image..........................................................................................................................................................................57
Then and Now-Introduction and Conclusion................................................................................................................58
Conclusion ..................................................................................................................................................................59
Midnights children, Reluctant fundamentalist,The Black Prince ......................................................................................60
Midnight' Children ......................................................................................................................................................60
Reluctant fundamentalist............................................................................................................................................60
. The Black Prince........................................................................................................................................................62
Themes.......................................................................................................................................................................62
Edgar Allan Poe short stories thinking activity.................................................................................................................63
Edgar Allan Poe...........................................................................................................................................................63
Postcolonial studies Prof. Balaji Rangnathan ...................................................................................................................65
Postcolonial studies ....................................................................................................................................................65
Professor Balaji Rangnathan........................................................................................................................................66
Existentialism videos.......................................................................................................................................................67
Existentialism..............................................................................................................................................................67
Waiting for Godot...........................................................................................................................................................69
The Birthday party thinking activity.................................................................................................................................74
THe Birthday Party......................................................................................................................................................75
A Grain of Wheat ............................................................................................................................................................78
Grain of Wheat ...........................................................................................................................................................79

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Character study of Friday in Robinson Crusoe .............................................................................................................80
Mass Media and Communication....................................................................................................................................80
Communication...........................................................................................................................................................81
Education and Technology ..............................................................................................................................................82
. ..............................................................................................................................................................................83
Quality and Authenticity of Web Resources ....................................................................................................................83
Why Do We Need to Evaluate Online Resources?........................................................................................................84
Evaluating Online Resources .......................................................................................................................................84
Authorship..................................................................................................................................................................85
Publication..................................................................................................................................................................85
First of all I would like to tell about Wikipedia as web resource. Wikipedia- Hamlet ...................................................86
Gradesaver-The White Tiger........................................................................................................................................87
One night at the call center.............................................................................................................................................88
Chetan Bhagat ............................................................................................................................................................88
The White Tiger by Arvind Adiga.....................................................................................................................................89
The white Tiger ...........................................................................................................................................................90
Brief Biography of Aravind Adiga.................................................................................................................................90
Examples of Success Story...........................................................................................................................................91
Bazaar Movie ..............................................................................................................................................................91
The Da Vinci Code-Thinking Activity ................................................................................................................................94
The Da Vinci Code .......................................................................................................................................................95
About The Author .......................................................................................................................................................95
Language lab...................................................................................................................................................................98
Group task in Language lab .......................................................................................................................................101
What is the Language lab ..........................................................................................................................................101
Using a language lab has many benefits ....................................................................................................................102
2 Students learn much faster in the language lab.....................................................................................................102
4 Use more resources and varied activities than in a traditional classroom ...............................................................102
Disadvantages:..........................................................................................................................................................103
The Web-quest Harry Potter .........................................................................................................................................103
Name of All Series.....................................................................................................................................................104
ELT SESSION BY DR.ATANU BHATTACHARYA .................................................................................................................106

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Key-Points From DR.Atanu Bhattacharya...................................................................................................................107
William Jones............................................................................................................................................................107
How Literature Shaped Me?..........................................................................................................................................108
HOW LITERATURE SHAPED ME? ...........................................................................................................................108
Waiting for Barbarians..................................................................................................................................................111
About the Author......................................................................................................................................................111
Plot/ Summary..........................................................................................................................................................111
Sense of an Ending by Julian Barnes-Thinking Activity ...................................................................................................113
About Author............................................................................................................................................................113
Journalism ....................................................................................................................................................................116
Journalism.................................................................................................................................................................117
Tips for Writing Leads ...............................................................................................................................................117
7 Types of Leads........................................................................................................................................................118
Journalism comes in several different forms: ............................................................................................................118
Reporting..................................................................................................................................................................119
Writing .....................................................................................................................................................................120
Web Tools for Teaching Language Skills(LSRW) .............................................................................................................120
Listening ...................................................................................................................................................................121
Speaking ...................................................................................................................................................................121
Reading.....................................................................................................................................................................121
Writing......................................................................................................................................................................122
What are Web 2.0 Tools?..........................................................................................................................................122
Advantages and Disadvantages.................................................................................................................................124

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Endmund spenser,Ben johnson and Francis bacon
1.Endmund Spenser (1552-1599)
Spenser's early life and parentage we know little, except that he was born in east Smithfield, near tower of London, and was
poor. His education began at merchant tailors school in London and was continued in Cambridge, where as a poor sizar and
fag for wealthy students he earned a scant living.
In 1590, Spenser brought out the first three books of his most famous work, The Faerie Queene, having travelled to London to
publish and promote the work, with the likely assistance of Raleigh. He was successful enough to obtain a life pension of £50 a
year from the Queen. He probably hoped to secure a place at court through his poetry, but his next significant publication
boldly antagonised the queen's principal secretary, Lord Burghley , through its inclusion of the satirical Mother Hubberd's Tale.
He returned to Ireland.
In 1594, Spenser's first wife had died, and in that year he married Elizabeth Boyle, who was much younger than him, and
originated from Northamptonshire, possibly his native county. He addressed to her the sonnet sequence Amoretti. The marriage
itself was celebrated in Epithalamion.They had a son named Peregrine.In 1596, Spenser wrote a prose pamphlet titled A View
of the Present State of Ireland. This piece, in the form of a dialogue, circulated in manuscript, remaining unpublished until the
mid-seventeenth century. It is probable that it was kept out of print during the author's lifetime because of its inflammatory
content. The pamphlet argued that Ireland would never be totally "pacified" by the English until its indigenous language and
customs had been destroyed, if necessary by violence.
Spenser works -
The faery queene is the great work upon which the poet's fame chiefly rests.
* Complaints, Containing Sundrie Small Poemes of the Worlds Vanitie (entered into the Stationer's Register in 1590
includes:
The Ruines of Time

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The Teares of the Muses
"Virgil's Gnat"
The Faery Queene, Books 4,5,6
Ben Johnson (1572-1637)
1572-1637
Ben Jonson was an English playwright and poet best known for his satiric comedies (types of comedies that poke fun at human
weaknesses). In many peoples opinion he was, next to William Shakespeare (1564–1616), the greatest dramatic genius of the
English Renaissance (roughly the fourteenth through sixteenth centuries).Ben Jonson was probably born in or near London,
England, about a month after the death of his father, a clergyman (someone who works for the church). His father gained his
position when King Henry VIII (1491–1547) ruled England, but lost it after Queen Mary (1516–1558) took the
throne.Jonson's mother then married a bricklayer. This may be why he did not continue his schooling. His stepfather made him
work in the more practical business of bricklaying. Jonson also spent some time as a soldier and a traveling actor. He married
sometime between 1592 and 1595.Many people thought that English literature, and particularly drama, had already reached
as high as it could when Ben Jonson began his career. But Jonson helped it gain even higher goals. Jonson's special gift was his
strong sense of artistic form and control. Although an accomplished scholar, he could also write in the way everyday people
spoke. It was because of this skill that he was liked by both people who were well read and by people who did not have an
advanced education.Jonson's first major play was Every Man in His Humour. It was performed by a theater group called the
Lord Chamberlain's Men. William Shakespeare performed the lead role. This play is a model of what is called the "comedy of
humors," in which each character's action is ruled by a whim or affectation.Jonson gained fame when he wrote Volpone, or the
Fox in 1606. It was loved not only by the people in London but also by the scholars at the universities of Oxford and
Cambridge. This was a major success for Jonson. After Volpone, Jonson wrote Epicoene, or the Silent Woman , The Alchemist
(1610), and Bartholomew Fair .

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2.Francis bacon (1561-1626)
Francis Bacon was born on January 22, 1561 in London, England. Bacon served as attorney general and Lord Chancellor of
England, resigning amid charges of corruption. His more valuable work was philosophical. Bacon took up Aristotelian ideas,
arguing for an empirical, inductive approach, known as the scientific method, which is the foundation of modern scientific
inquiry.His mother, Lady Anne Cooke Bacon, was his father's second wife and daughter to Sir Anthony Cooke, a humanist
who was Edward VI's tutor. Francis Bacon’s mother was also the sister-in-law of Lord Burghley.
Notable works
Essays 1st edition
The Advancement and Proficience of Learning Divine and Human (1605)
Essays (2nd edition – 38 essays, 1612)
Novum Organum Scientiarum ('New Method', 1620)
Essays, or Counsels Civil and Moral (3rd/final edition – 58 essays)
New Atlantis (1627)
Aristotle poetics
1..I don't agree with Plato's objection, because the freedom of expression is the fundamental right for everyone ,
but in India ORTHODOX people don't tolerate the freedom of expression.
Ex. Kamasutra :a tale of love
A film was directed by Mira Nair on the ancient Hindu text "kamasutra" which was written by VATSYANA .the
film was made on ancient Hindu literature, ironically ,the film was banned in India due to it's sexual content .
Other films banned in India like a water, fire.etc
2..I have studied during B.a program,"Othello" follows Aristotle rules ,because Othello is tragic hero .he killed his
wife
3.."harry ape "doesn't follow the Aristotle tradition, because in this play yank has no high rank.

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4..yes ,I have studied othello during b.a programe. Othello is main protagonist in the tragedy and his Hamartia is
a blind love for Desdemona .
5.."Othello" follow necessary rules and regulations proposed by Aristotle
Doctor Faustus thinking activity
1) The play directed by Matthew Dunster for Globe theatre ends with this scene (see the image of Lucifer). What does it
signify?
Ans:
In this scene we can see that the Wings of Lucifer which signifies his power and Lucifer is a symbol of devil.
2) Is God present in the play? If yes, where and how? If No, why?
Ans:
I think God is not present physically but present in sense of good angel and the old man.
3) What reading and interpretation can be given to this image (see the image of Daedalus and Icarus) with reference to central
theme of the play Dr. Faustus?
Ans:
This is the image of two Greek mythological characters.the father-deadalus and his son Icarus. Icarus wants to fly in the sky so
his father makes waxen wings for his son and warns him to don't fly near sun. otherwise his wings will melt .but Icarus ignores
his fathers warning and he fall in to the sea.
4) How do you interpret this painting?
Ans:
This picture is very beautiful and natural and in this picture I can see a fisherman and shepherd but they are busy in there own
work.
Metaphysical poetry.
intellectual complexity and concentration that is displayed in the poetry of John Donne, the chief of the Metaphysicals.
Others include Henry Vaughan, Andrew Marvell, John Cleveland, and Abraham Cowley as well as, to a lesser extent,
George Herbert and Richard Crashaw.
Portrait of John Donne

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John Donne, detail of an oil painting by an unknown artist, after Isaac Oliver, c. 1616; in the National Portrait Gallery,
London.
Courtesy of the National Portrait Gallery, London
Their work is a blend of emotion and intellectual ingenuity, characterized by conceit or “wit”—that is, by the sometimes
violent yoking together of apparently unconnected ideas and things so that the reader is startled out of his complacency
and forced to think through the argument of the poem. Metaphysical poetry is less concerned with expressing feeling
than with analyzing it, with the poet exploring the recesses of his consciousness. The boldness of the literary devices
used—especially obliquity, irony, and paradox—are often reinforced by a dramatic directness of language and by
rhythms derived from that of living speech.
Esteem for Metaphysical poetry never stood higher than in the 1930s and ’40s, largely because of T.S. Eliot’s influential
essay “The Metaphysical Poets” (1921), a review of Herbert J.C. Grierson’s anthology Metaphysical Lyrics & Poems of the
Seventeenth Century. In this essay Eliot argued that the works of these men embody a fusion of thought and feeling that
later poets were unable to achieve because of a “dissociation of sensibility,” which resulted in works that were either
intellectual or emotional but not both at once. In their own time, however, the epithet “metaphysical” was used
pejoratively: in 1630 the Scottish poet William Drummond of Hawthornden objected to those of his contemporaries who
attempted to “abstract poetry to metaphysical ideas and scholastic quiddities.” At the end of the century, John Dryden
censured Donne for affecting “the metaphysics” and for perplexing “the minds of the fair sex with nice speculations of
philosophy when he should engage their hearts . . . with the softnesses of love.” Samuel Johnson, in referring to the
learning that their poetry displays, also dubbed them “the metaphysical poets,” and the term has continued in use ever
since. Eliot’s adoption of the label as a term of praise is arguably a better guide to his personal aspirations about his own
poetry than to the Metaphysical poets themselves; his use of metaphysical underestimates these poets’ debt to lyrical
and socially engaged verse. Nonetheless, the term is useful for identifying the often-intellectual character of their
writing.


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WHAT IS METAPHYSICAL POETRY ?
o Metaphysical poetry is concerned with the whole experience of man, but the intelligence, learning and
seriousness of the poets means that the poetry is about the profound areas of experience especially about love, romantic and
sensual; about man's relationship with God - the eternal perspective; and, to a less extent, about pleasure, learning and art.
 Characteristics of 'Metaphysical Poetry'

METAPHYSICAL POETS
o

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JOHN DONNE'S POEMS
o The Sun rising
o The flea
o death,be not proud
o Sweetest love
o The dream
o The Ecstacy

"The Flea"

 "The Flea" written by John donne.The poet uses biological image of the flea in order to deal with the theme of 'love'.The
speaker uses the occasion of a flea hopping from himself to young lady as an excuse to argue that the two of them should make

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a love.In the flea their blood is mixed togather,he says that they have already made as one in the body of the flea.the flea
pricked her and get what it wanted without having to woo her.The flea's bite and mingling of their bloods is not considered a
sin,so why should their love-making?.
 In the second stanza the speaker attempt to prevent the woman from killing the flea.He argues that since the flea
contains the 'life' of both her self and the speaker,she would be guilty of suicide and triple homicide in kiling it.The woman in
question is obviously not convinced,for in the third stanza she has killed the flea with a fingernail.The speaker then turn this
around to point out that,although the flea which contained portions of their lives is dead,neither of them is the weaker for it.If
this commingling of bodily fluids can leave no lasting effect,then why does she hesitate to join with him in sexual intimacy?after
all,her honor will be equally undiminished.
v
Hamlet-Kenneth Branagh
 How faithful is the movie to the original play?
o Movie is faithful to origin play because most of dialogues of origin play are same in the movie.
 · After watching the movie, have your perception about play, characters or situations changed?
Yes,my perception changed one point is that in this movie Gertrude is very happy but in the book Gertrude is not
happy.
 · Do you feel ‘aesthetic delight’ while watching the movie? If yes, exactly when did it happen? If no,
can you explain with reasons?
Yes,when Hamlet was died and his words were gave me aesthetic delight "The rest is Silence".It was gave me
aesthetic delight.
 · Do you feel ‘catharsis’ while or after watching movie? If yes, exactly when did it happen? If no, can
you explain with reasons?
Yes,I feel "Catharsis" in this play when claudius is become a king and his mother married with cluadius within
couple of days his father's death.
 · Does screening of movie help you in better understanding of the play?
Yes, because visual memory is strongest memory so if you want better understanding for the play then I prefer
movie.
 · Was there any particular scene or moment in the movie that you will cherish lifetime?
One moment is cherish lifetime for me when Gertrude drink poisoned and that time Claudius tell to Gertrude
that "Do not drink". It's cherish moment for me.
 · If you are director, what changes would you like to make in the remaking of movie on Shakespeare’s
‘Hamlet’?
If I am director so first of all I want to change last scene to create happy ending and Hamlet marry to Ophelia and
Gertrude do not drink Poison.

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 In the beginning of the movie, camera rolls over the statue of King Hamlet out side the Elsinore castle.
The movie ends with the similar sequence wherein the statue of the King Hamlet is hammered down to the dust.
What sort of symbolism do you read in this? (Clue: In Book IX of 'Paradise Lost', Satan reflects on his revenge
motive: "But what will not ambition and revenge; Descend to? Who aspires must down as low; As high he
soared, obnoxious, first or last, To basest things. Revenge, at first though sweet, Bitter ere long back on itself
recoils." Is it not King Hamlet's ambition to avenge his death responsible for the downfall of his kingdom which is
symbolically pictured in last scenes?)
In the beginning of the movie camera rolls over the statue of king Hamlet out side the Elsinore castle and end
with similar sequence this scene symbolize the cycle life and death.
 While studying the play through movie, which approach do you find more applicable to the play? Why?
Give reasons with illustrations.
I think psychological approach is more applicable for the play because Hamlet fight with own self.
 Which of the above mentioned approaches (in Pre-viewing task) appeals you more than other?Why? Give
reasons.
I like feminist approach because in this play Gertrude and Ophelia are victim of men and just sex object for men.
Teacher
 Write Something about your Favourite Teacher Give some reasons for it.
o My Favourite Teacher name is Haresh Pandya because he is honest person and his teaching method is very
easy and he is able to explain any topic.
o He Always encourage to students for study
o He is master in mathematics and my favourite subject is Maths so I like his teaching style.
 How are you as Students?Think and Write
o As Student I Am weak in English Subject .
o I have lot of knowledge about "MAHABHARATA" and "RAMAYANA"
o As Student My Favourite Topic is "Politics"
 What is the difference between the education system in past and today's time?take help of your parents to write this.

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Past-Time
 It was bad condition for Education
 That time Government do not provide good facilities for students.
 No Computers and No Technology(GOOGLE BABA).
 Government schools condition were very bad.
 Most of the students were economically poor.
Today's Time
 Today's time education system not so good but better than Past time
 Now a days Government provides good facilities for students like library,book,computer etc.
 Easy to get Information.
PARADISE LOST
 John Milton
o Born: 9 December 1608
Died: 8 November 1674
o John Milton was an English poet, polemicist, man of letters, and civil servant for the Commonwealth of
England under its Council of State and later under Oliver Cromwell. He wrote at a time of religious flux and political
upheaval, and is best known for his epic poem Paradise Lost, written in blank verse.

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
Write Critique on the Character of Eve.
o Eve, the mother of mankind is portrayed by Milton as of a typical womanish nature. She is frail, beautiful,
clever, yet easy to be seduced. She is the one that wants freedom from her husband only to be seduced by Satan without her will.
She deserves all praise for her beauty and she is the beloved wife of Adam. They are quite happy in discharge of their duties.
Milton, in delineating the character of Eve,has portrayed the weaknesses of women.
2.Whose argument did you find more convincing?

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I find that in first time eve was not accept what serpent says here I can also see that is someone was praising a lot that means
that someone is something wrong “let us not then suspect our happy state left so imperfect by the Maker wise as not secure to
single or combined frail is our happiness if this be so”
In this argument direct said to God
If I was in place of eve I would like to reply that “If God is this much why he is God and why he created all this why he created
us why he gave us life and happiness”
3.How do you look at divine Perspective in the Genesis of The Holy book Bible and Human Perspective in John Milton's
Paradise lost Book 9?

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 The Holy Bible and Book IX from Paradise Lost. John Milton proposed in 'Argument' to
'justify the ways of God to men'. In fact, he moves on the justify '(Hu)Man's ways in this world'.In 'Genesis', the 'Fall' is
narrated from God's perspective. Obviously, God is the center of Bible. The characters of Adam and Eve are flat, lifeless and
mere puppet. They do not have any emotion or feeling or voice. The Satan-Serpent tempted Eve, Eve tempted Adam and the
Fall happened. God emerged and punished all three.
 In Milton’s Paradise lost book 9 I find the same story told from Human Perspective.I find
eve eat the apple is gain knowledge to know good and evil.To giving interntion is in favor of human rather than God.
Dryden-An essay of Dramatic Poesy
DRYDEN
 Do you any difference between Aristotle definition of Tragedy and Dryden's Definition of Play?
o Aristotle says that Tragedy is an imitation of an action while Dryden says that Play is a Lively Image of
Human Nature.
o According to Aristotle pity and fear are used in Tragedy to purify the emotions of mankind whereas Dryden
says that passions and humour are used to delight and instruct mankind.
o Aristotle definition has ended with "catharsis" while the definition of Dryden has 'delight'
 If you are supposed to give your personal prediction, would be on the side of the Ancient or Modern?
please give reason
o The Ancient drama is superior because the Ancients closely observed Nature and Fathful represented.

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 Do you think that the arguments presented in the favour of the French plays and against English plays are
appropriate ?
o No,I do not favour of French plays because English plays are represents full of entertainment and offer an
element of surprise which French do not present.
 What would be your preference so far as poetic or prosaic dialogues are concerned in the play?
o I would like to go with prosaic dialogues in the play because it would be easily understand for conman reader
and while poetic dialogues are very hard.
Wordsworth's Preface to Lyrical Ballads
Wordsworth
 What is the Basic Diffrence between the poetic creed of "classicism' and "Romanticism"?
o Classicism means intellect is the guiding force and Romanticism means Imagination is the guiding
source
o Classicism is the Imitation or use primarily of the style and aesthetic principles of ancient greek
and Roman classical art and literature the term "Neoclassicism is often use in referring to revivals of classicism.
o Romanticism is movemnt in the literature that lasted from about 1750 to 1870 ,charactersed by
reliance on the imagination and subjectivity of approach freedom of thought and expression and idealization of
nature.
 Why does wordsworth say "what is poet? rather than who is Poet?"

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o A poet is a man speaking to men,endowed with more lively sensibility,moreenthusiasm and
tenderness , who has grater knowledge of human nature, and more comprehensive soul , who rejoice more than
other men in the spirit of life, habitually impelled to creative volilions,passion and situations where he does not
find them.
 What is poetic diction is suggested by wordsworth in his Preface?
o Poetic diction is choice of words
o The language as really used by men.
 What is Poetry?
o Poetry is the spontanous overflow of powerful feelings, it takes its origin form emotion recollected
in tranquality.
 Discuss 'Daffodils'- I wandered lonely as a cloud with reference to wordsworth poetic creed.
o I wandered lonely as a cloud thousan saw at a glance for off,when on my couch .I lie in vacant or
in persive mood,they flash upon that inword eye. Which is the bliss of solitude and then my heart with pleasure
fills and dances with daffodils.
Samual Coleridge-Biographia
Coleridge
 Write in your words in the diffrence between poem and prose.
o Prose
 Language is more natural and Grammatical.

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 The writers usually has no words limit.
 Ideas are written in sentences,sentences are grouped into paragraph
o Poem
 Language is Rhythmical
 Poets use a limited words
 Ideas are written in lines;lines are grouped into stanzas
 Write in your words the difference between poem and poetry
o Poem
 Gives pleasure
 Smaller is Poem
 Piece of Poetry
o Poetry
 Gives an aesthetic delight
 longer is poetry
 something higher than poem
o
 Give illustration to support your answer.
o example of poem
o smaller is poem

Robinson Crusoe Film Screening
Robinson Crusoe

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 We have watched movie in our Department. So I write on Robinson Crusoe.

o Crusoe washes up on an uninhabited island on the North American coast. He lives there for twenty-eight years
documenting his physical and spiritual growth in his journal. Then one day a British ship sails by the island, and he's rescued.
o In the mid 17th century, Robinson Crusoe begins his career as a sailor, against the wishes of his parents, who
would prefer him to go into law.
o Crusoe survives a deadly shipwreck in the Caribbean and manages to set up a camp for himself on an
uninhabited island. Much of the story documents the time he spent building his shelter and other things to make his life more
comfortable, his gardening, goat raising, and hunting, as well as his religious reflections.
o Many years after the shipwreck, Crusoe rescues a prisoner from a nearby island. He names this man Friday,
converts him to Christianity, and enjoys his company.
o Later, he sees a British ship sailing by. The crew has recently mutinied, but with the help of the captain he's
able to take the ship. He returns to England briefly, where he has been disinherited, because his father had believed Crusoe to
be dead upon his own death, but soon sets out on another adventure.
o Robinson Crusoe was Defoe’s first-published full narrative and his most popular, appealing to both middle-
class and aristocratic readers with its combination of a believable and very human first-person narrator, realistic detail,
allusions and references to actual places and people, imagery drawn from everyday life and the natural world, and an
appealing, if somewhat unstructured, narrative line.
The title page of the book provides a considerable amount of information for the reader. The LIFE and Strange Surprizing
ADVENTURES of ROBINSON CRUSOE, of YORK. Mariner: Who lived Eight and Twenty Years, all alone in an u-
inhabited Island on the Coast of America, near the Mouth of the Great River of Oroonoque; Having been cast on Shore by
Shipwreck, wherein all the Men perished but himself. With An Account how he was at last as strangely deliver’ by PIRATES.
Written by Himself. That, in brief, is a plot summary. It also is evidence of the ordinariness of the narrator, a seaman from
York (and therefore middle class) who is forced by circumstances to fend for himself in unfriendly surroundings, a practical man
who manages to survive for twenty-eight years before his rescue. Finally, within this long title is the evidence of Defoe’s
insistence on realism—the use of real place names, the statement that the book is an autobiographical narrative.
That Robinson Crusoe is a Defoe character is evident from the moment he finds himself shipwrecked. He acts immediately in
the interest of survival, salvaging such necessities as he can from the stricken ship and building a rude shelter. Yet Crusoe’s
concern is not only for his physical well-being; he begins a journal in which he plans to record his spiritual progress as it is
reflected in the daily activities that mark his sojourn on the island. For nearly two decades, Crusoe works to create a life for
himself, building what he needs, improvising where he must, and ultimately replicating a little corner of England on the desert
island. What he accomplishes is beyond basic survival; he fashions an English life that is dependent on the transformation of
raw materials into the necessities of his culture. He plants grain that he bakes into bread, he domesticates goats so that he
might have milk, and he turns a cave into a cozy fortified dwelling that boasts comfortable furniture. When Friday arrives,
Crusoe’s little English empire is complete: The conqueror has mastered both the territory and its people.

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Having survived the shipwreck, Crusoe has become strongly aware of his vulnerability as a human being, and throughout the
narrative he insists that his life is proof of the workings of divine Providence. Consequently, he often reflects on the spiritual
lessons to be learned not only from his experiences on the island but also from the events in his life that led to his sojourn so far
from home. This reflection is typical of Defoe’s narrators, who look on life’s experiences as a series of symbolic occurrences
pointing to the connections between the spiritual and the secular.
Defoe has created in Robinson Crusoe a man very like himself—and very much a typical eighteenth century Englishman.
Crusoe’s plebeian origins, his earnest industry, his tendency to see religious meaning in the mundane, and his talent for
overcoming misfortune are all Defoe’s qualities. Like the average Englishman of his time, Crusoe is something of a bigot, and
although he treats Friday well, the slave is never offered his freedom and must call Crusoe “Master.” Crusoe triumphs over his
circumstances and environment, and indeed he manages to provide himself with a little paradise on earth; but he is English to
the core, and with the first opportunity he returns to England and settles down to family life.
Robinson Crusoe is often described as one of the major forerunners of the novel. Although written as a travel narrative, it
displays many of the modern novel’s major characteristics: realism (through verisimilitude, the first-person narrator, imagery
from the natural world, and copious detail), interesting and believable characters engaged in plausible adventures and activities,
and an engaging story.
What is Literature?
 Literature is mirror of society because it gives an image, but image is not necessarily a true image.

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 The Image can be distorted in reality or perceived as distorted by society as whole literature tends to focus
on subject current to societal engagement.

 Literature adds to reality, it does not simply describe it. It enriches the necessary competencies that daily
life requires and provides; and in this respect, it irrigates the deserts that our lives have already become.
 Books are the carriers of civilization. Without books, history is silent, literature dumb, science crippled,
thought and speculation at a standstill.
 The very essence of literature is the war between emotion and intellect, between life and death. When
literature becomes too intellectual - when it begins to ignore the passions, the emotions - it becomes sterile, silly,
and actually without substance.
 So we can say that literature is mirror of world.
Mathew Arnold-Study of Poetry
1. Write about the one idea of Mathew Arnold which you find interesting and relevant in our time.
Ans. 'A study of poetry ' is a critical essay by Mathew Arnold. He gives definition of poetry that " Poetry is the criticism of life "
. It is true that poet is critic of life and this definition is a very relevant in our time.
He also discussed the idea of disinterested or detachment. .He says that the critic must be absolutely impartial without any
prejudice or bias against or in favor of any particular author. Disinterested on the part of the critic implies freedom from all the
prejudice, personal and historical .
2. Write about one idea of Mathew Arnold which you find out of date and irrelevant in our time.
Ans. Mathew Arnold 's idea about " Touch - Stone Method " is out of date and irrelevant in our time because Arnold's
touchstone method is a comparative method of criticism. This method is comparison and analysis as two primary tools for
judging individual poet. Even a single line or selected quotation will serve the purpose, if the other works moves us in the same
way as these lines and expression do, then it is a great work otherwise not. so it is not appropriate in present time and it is not
appropriate way to passing judgement on the bases of comparison with others because time and situation always changing...

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T.S.Eliot:Tradition and Individual Talent
About T.S.Eliot
T.S. Eliot, in full Thomas Stearns Eliot, (born September 26, 1888, St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.—died January 4,
1965, London, England), American-English poet, playwright, literary critic, and editor, a leader of the Modernist
movement in poetry in such works as The Waste Land (1922) and Four Quartets (1943). Eliot exercised a strong
influence on Anglo-American culture from the 1920s until late in the century. His experiments in diction, style,
and versification revitalized English poetry, and in a series of critical essays he shattered old orthodoxies and
erected new ones. The publication of Four Quartets led to his recognition as the greatest living English poet and
man of letters, and in 1948 he was awarded both the Order of Merit and the Nobel Prize for Literature.
1) How would you like to explain Eliot's concept of tradition? Do you agree with it?
>Yes, I am agree with the concept of tradition given by Eliot in his essay in which he points out that tradition is
matter of much wider significance it can not be inherited and you must obtain it by great labour. We can know
what is good and useful or bad by labour.
2) What do you understand by historical sense?
> "The historical sense involves a perception, not only of the pastness of the past, but of its presence".
A historical sense is not just sense of history as a past but it is also an understanding of the present, the present is
the unfolding of the past, As a writer one can must have the historical sense.
3) What is the relationship between "Tradition" and "Individual Talent" according to the poet T.S.Eliot?
2) Individual talent is a part of tradition, They are like two sides of one coin. A writer while writing his work not
only considers literature of his time but also the classical. Individual talent is a part of tradition as like a brick and
building.

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4) Explain. ''Some can absorb knowledge, the more tardy must sweat for it. Shakespeare acquired more essential
history from Plutarch than most men could from the whole British museum".
> T.s.Eliot wants to say that this quote all writers have absorb knowledge through the wide reading of whole
tradition of his own nation like Shakespeare that he was not highly educated person but he had knowledge about
his surrounding and history.
5) "Honest criticism and sensitive appreciation is directed not upon the poet but upon the poetry"
> T.s.eliot. try to explain that the honest criticism and the appreciation by any critic is of the work art and not of
the writer. If we like any work of art it is the quality of that work we like not the poet's personality. E.g now a days
people Criticise Tajmahal as a creation of cruel ruler in other words, we can not judge it in terms of history or
personality of maker, but we must see its art of creation.
6) How would you like to explain Eliot's theory of depersonalization? You can explain with the help of chemical
reaction in presence of catalyst agent, platinum.
> T.S.Eliot gives an example of chemical process to explain his theory of depersonalization to create Sulphur
dioxide, platinum is used as a catalyst, but when it is prepared we do not see platinum any more in the solution.
Similarly, to create poetry, poet's mind works as a catalyst but we do not see his mind in his poetry.
7) Explain. "Poetry is not a turning loose of emotion, but an escape from from emotion; it is not the expression of
personality, but an escape from personality"
> In this quote Eliot does not deny personality or emotion to the poet only, he must depersonalize his emotions
there should be an extinction of his personality. This impersonality can be achieved only when poet surrenders
himself completely to the work that is to be done.
8) Write two points on which one can write critique on T.S.Eliot as a critic;
"Tradition is a matter of much wider significance, it can't be inherited and if you want it you must obtain it by
great labour".
"Honest criticism and sensitive appreciation is directed not upon the poet but upon the poetry".
I.A.RIchards Figurative Language

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I.A.Richards
 I.A. Richards, in full Ivor Armstrong Richards, (born Feb. 26, 1893, Sandbach, Cheshire, Eng.—died Sept. 7,
1979, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire), English critic, poet, and teacher who was highly influential in developing a new way of
reading poetry that led to the New Criticism and that also influenced some forms of reader-response criticism
Suraj Hua Maddham
Sonu Nigam, Alka Yagnik, ...
Suraj Hua Maddham, Chaand Jalne Laga
Aasmaan Yeh Haai Kyoon Pighalne Laga...
Main Thehra Raha, Zameen Chalne Lagi
Dhadka Yeh Dil, Saans Thamne Lagi
Oh, Kya Yeh Mera Pehla Pehla Pyaar Hai
Sajna, Kya Yeh Mera Pehla Pehla Pyaar Hai
Ho Oh Oh, Oh Oh Oh Oh Oh, Aa Aa Aa Aa Aa Aa
Aasmaan Yeh Haai Kyoon Pighalne Laga
Main Thehri Rahi, Zameen Chalne Lagi
Dhadka Yeh Dil, Saans Thamne Lagi
Haan, Kya Yeh Mera Pehla Pehla Pyaar Hai
Sajna, Kya Yeh Mera Pehla Pehla Pyaar Hai
Hai Khoobsurat Yeh Pal, Sab Kuch Raha Hai Badal
Sapne Haqeeqat Mein Jo Dhal Rahe Hai
Kya Sadiyon Se Puraana Hai Rishtaa Yeh Hamaara
Ke Jis Tarha Tumse Hum Mil Rahe Hai
Yunhi Rahe…

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Misunderstanding.. in this song
In reality is not Possible..
Like” Suraj hua Maddham” is not possible and “Chand Jalne laga” actually Moon never fire
It is Overliterral reading and irregular Syntax.
Northrope Frye thinking activity



Northrope Frye

 1.Ans. Archetype is a term of narrative design, symbol, character, dream, collective images, myths, ritual and universal
thing are in literature. 'Archetype of criticism' means denotes recurrent narrative design and it may that to art into images and
pattern of one another character and theme type of in literature. The Archetypal critic tries to find this pattern, symbol and
myth in present literary work.

 2Ans. Frye's attempt to prove physics to nature and criticism to literature by giving an analogy. Basically here Frye
tried to compare both as according to any physics students they mainly studies or rather learning physics instead of nature. So it
can be easy that physics has structured meaning or ideas to study of nature. While on the other side of comparison. We can say

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that criticism has same philosophy or rather strategy as it has the particular way of study literature. One can learn criticism of
literature but can't learn literature

 3Ans. Archetype criticism is based on philosophy and History of people. As it has been said that literature includes
history as well as philosophy to convey its meaning so it displays events and ideas. History and philosophy are two important
pillars of literature. History gives events and philosophy gives ideas and writer combines both and creates work of literature.
Thus both are important to literature. We are not studying history or philosophy but talking only their help to understand
literature

 4Ans. Inductive method means something lead from specific to general. Here we take example of physics to better
understanding of this method that when Physics' teacher teach students first different parts of body like Kidney, heart, eyes,
brain, etc

 5Ans. Deductive means from general to specific. Some are art like music moves in time and some like paintings moves
in space. Music has rhythm which is temporal and painting have pattern which is spatial. But all assets may be conceived both
temporally and spatially. Literature seems in between music and painting

 6.ans
 This song from Lagaan encapsulates the eager anticipation with which we long for the rains and how bereft we feel
when those clouds dissipate without showering those cooling, nourishing drops on us. Especially true for drought hit areas, just
like Bhuwan’s village in the film
Structuralism thinking activity
Structuralism

 Think and Write: Being a structuralist critic, how would you analyse literary text or TV serial or Film? You can select
any image or TV serial or film or literary text or advertisement. Apply structuralist method and post your write up on your blog.
Give link of that blog-post in the comment section under this blo
 Obsessive love is a condition in which one person feels an overwhelming obsessive desire to possess and protect another
person toward whom one feels a strong attraction, with an inability to accept failure or rejection
Examples
Darr

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
Anjaam
 In Anjaam and Darr both are based on same theme "Obsession for Love'.
 In both film role played by Shahrukh Khan
Deconstruction-Derrida
Deconstruction, as applied in the criticism of literature, designates a theory and practice of reading which
questions and claims to "subvert" or "undermine" the assumption that the system of language provides grounds
that are adequate to establish the boundaries, the coherence or unity, and the determinate meanings of a literary
text. Typically, a deconstructive reading sets out to show that conflicting forces within the text itself serve to
dissipate the seeming definiteness of its structure and meanings into an indefinite array of incompatible and
undecidable possibilities.

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Example
"Shutter island"
In this movie hero play two characters so similarly afflicted
But we all know that it's just myth.
In which nothing is what it seems
Words
1
Obsession
Turkish- #Takinti
Swedish- #besatthet
2
Beloved
Italian- #Diletto
Roman- #Iubit
3
Blind
Spanish- #Ciego
Irish- #dall
4
Stubborn
French- #Tetu
Germany- #Stur
5
Womanizer
Russian- #Babnik
Spanish- #Mujeriego

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The Waste Land Thinking Activity
T.S.Eliot and Waste Land
Task
1) What are your views on the following image after reading 'The Waste Land'? Do you think that Eliot is regressive as
compared to Nietzche's views? or Has Eliot achieved universality of thought by recalling mytho-historical answer to the
contemporary malaise?
ANs:We could find that Eliot and Nietzche both are right in thier own way.But here we could say that Eliot believe in riligious
power or Supernatural power another writer Nietzche is like an antheist. T.S.Elot believe that our People could learn from our
riligious books(Mythological books),upnishad,Budhism,Christanity etc.They could learn and make great future from
supernatural power. Another writer Nietzche believe in human power,human being. He believe that human is the most
powerful in the world. While Nietzche believe that in this world there is no God.God is dead.So we could not say that Eliot is
regressive as compare to Nietzche's view.
As per the my view of Nietzche could be consider as more practical and realistic because first thing is that he is an aetheist and
he believes in Human power.He does not believe in supernatural things.
2.What are your views regarding these comments? Is it true that giving free vent to the repressed 'primitive instinct' lead us to
happy and satisfied life? or do you agree with Eliot's view that 'salvation of man lies in the preservation of the cultural
tradition'?

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Agree, It is truth that give free vent to the repressed Primitive instict could lead us to the happy satisfied and Peaceful life.
3) Write about allusions to the Indian thoughts in 'The Waste Land'. (Where, How and Why are the Indian thoughts
referred?)
"In the Waste Land" Eliot was presented various thoughts culture, tradition, to connect the world with one Universal
thing.How sexual perversion was over power than spirituality of humanbeing.
The allusion to the Indian thought.....:
"Ganga was sunken, and the limps leaves
waited for rain, while the black clouds
gathered far distant, over Himvant
The jungle crouched, humped in silence."
Then Eliot gives three 'Da'
1)Datta- to give not only charity but giving oneself for some noble cause.
2) Dayadhvam- Sympathies yourself with the sorrows and suffering of others, come out of your isolation and love into others.
3)Damyata- Self control, control over one's passion and desire.
We could Find This kind of Indian thought allusions in this poem.
OD On Oneness of Literature
 Oneness of Literature

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
Literature is a mirror of society.
T. S. Eliot
"The wasteland "
"The joke" written by Anton Chekhov
Literature is a mirror of society. Literature is not like just books but it is everything...
In literature all things are connected with human life. Literature is a window of world. Its like river. It has many
ways to flow but root is one.
In literature so many theorist like a T.S.Eliot, Northrop Frye and others. They used similar kind of symbols,
Imagination, structure etc. Northrop in his theory of Archetype criticism based on the oneness of literature. And
other writer "Tradition and individual talent " that past is very important for new literature. It brings the basic
things from the work of literature told by T. S. Eliot. He told that poet should know the pastness of past.
Example
And when we were children, staying at the archduke's,
My cousin's, he took me out on a sled,
Marie, hold on tight. And down we went.

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In the mountains, there you feel free.
Interpretation ...
The stanza of the poem is connected with story "The joke"."The wasteland "and "The joke" both have same theme.
In "wasteland" tell about hidden sexuality and in "The joke " we could find sexual perversion with same symbols.
We also could find same symbols like mountains and down of sled. Only name is change Marie instead Nadiya.
In this story lover so many time used word "I love you " but as sexual perversion not for pure love or true feelings.
So we could say that every works have oneness and connected with all literature..
Modern Poems
Modernist Poems
Modernism
Modernism was a movement in the arts in the first half of the twentieth century that rejected traditional values and techniques,
and emphasized the importance of individual experience.
Characteristics of Modernist Poems
 Modern Poems....


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 "The Embankment"
 In this poem man wants to die because he doesn't bear himself or may be he wants to hide himself. In the poem I
could find some symbols.
Symbols...
Blankets-protection
Gold heels -prostitute
Street
2.Darkness
" I stop to watch a star shine in the boghole,
A star no longer, but a silver ribbon of light.
I look at it , and pass on."
My point of view is that Darkness connected with death and something happening bad. Here I could say that Speaker would
feel depression. As a part of depression Speaker face mental illness so that speaker don't like to see shining of stars but likes to
see light. So that I have to say that this sky may be gives the feeling of boghole. In this poem I could find some symbols like a...
Darkness
Boghole
Silver Ribbon :- Mental illness

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3."Image" by Edward storer
We could not bound in one certain idea about any Image. But here may be the Image of Sorrowful condition and everything
looks like varnished. I could say that imagine situation is become like as land of desert with full moon light.Here some symbols
like a...
Moon.
Pyre
Peat smoke

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4."In station in Metro"
This poem based on imagination As the title suggested the image of Metro-station. There are crowded people and everyone
rushing. This poem has completed in only 2 lines. In the poem Faces are compared with the petal of the black and wet bough.
It means that after the rain when branches becomes black. Here I found some point like as,
Apparition :- Ghost, Imagery
Petals :- Flowers,
Black and Wet Bough
5."The Pool" by H.D.Hilda
Writer has visited the river and pool. Pool is symbolically used for joined two shore of the river and rottenness . River is
interpret something discovery because later on he finds something.
* Sea :-Fish :- Lover
* Net :- Marriage, Love
* Banded :- Wings
6 " Insouciance " by Richard Aldington:-

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* Imagination & Metaphor:-
Dreary Trenches,
Flock of Doves,
White winged dove
7.Morning at the window.
My view about this poem writer watched terrible sight out side from the window at early morning. Writer saw poor condition
of his country and people Who lived on the pavement.
They had not even enough food for eating and another side children played in mud. They have not good clothe.

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Symbols
Basement
* Trampled edges
* Damp Soul
* Twisted faces
8.The Red Wheelbarrow.
The most divisive poems ever written, ‘The Red Wheelbarrow’ has variously been viewed as the epitome of Imagist practice and
as barely ‘poetry’ at all. It first appeared in Williams’s 1923 volume Spring and All, a book which combined free verse with
pieces written in prose.
Symbols..
* Red Wheelbarrow
* White Chicken
9."Anecdote of Jar"
First published in 1919, this is one of Stevens’s best-known short poems. It appeared in his first volume of poems and has been
baffling critics and readers ever since…

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* Jar :- Art,
* Bush :- Recreation, Wilderness
10."I" by E.E.Cummings
This poem appeared in 1958 in Cummings’ collection 95 Poems, so it’s really a late modernist work. Although it’s nine lines
long, it only contains four words – cleverly arranged so that ‘a leaf falls’ appears parenthetically within the word ‘loneliness’.
Richard S. Kennedy, Cummings’ biographer, called it ‘the most delicately beautiful literary construct that Cummings ever
created’.

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Symbols..
leaf
loneliness
10.Modernist Poems Thinking Activity......
ELT 1 thinking activity
1.) What is English Language for you?
Ans
I would like to say that English language is second language for me. When I studied in school that time my
English was very poor. Even do not have basic grammar or vocabulary knowledge. But now a days I feel better to
speak with anyone... So I want to learn something more in English language.
2.) What kind of challenges you are facing and have faced while learning this language?
Ans
First challenge is learn English language.
And mostly I have faced problem with vocabulary...So I need more words for best Fluency in English.
3.) Write in brief your understanding about any one essay.
Ans
Socio culture....
The Indian reality is manifested at many level organized from borrowing, Idoms, Metaphor, Symbols etc.
English is mad for the fulfill the function of a second language.
English used as an alternative way of expressing a culture.
English use for easy to convey.
For better understanding
4.) According to you which Position English Language should be given?
Ans
According to my view English language should be second language because in India we have so many language
.For as easy to use I preferred mother tongue. But we should get basic knowledge about English language.
5.) How you see your future with English Language?
Ans

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My future with English is very bright because I have so much hunger for learn English language.
I want to become English Teacher.
English language......
To The Light House Thinking Activity
To The Light House
1. How can you explain that 'what' Virginia Woolf wanted to say (for example, the complexity of human
relationship, the everyday battles that people are at in their relationship with near and dear ones, the struggle of a
female artist against the values of middle/upper class society etc) can only be said in the way she has said? (Key:
The 'How' of the narrative technique is to be discussed along with features of Stream of Consciousness technique
which helps Woolf to put in effective manner what she experienced in abstractions.)
Ans-: Here we could find some Complex relationship between mother and son mother with daughter mother
with their guest and the relationship husband and wife how she treat with them. And also we find that the how
the fighting goes on with her daughter and son and father also, but here Virginia woolf portrait upper class
family and they are visiting to the summer house its mean that it's Victorian time period story but the story
portrait on upper class society that how women are struggling and one more thing is that it also there is in lower
class people who live in society they also treat women as a like just body or thing. It means Virginia woolf would
try to portrait women condition in our patriarchy Society and we could understand that in lower class people
treat women very badly but in upper class also we could find that they also treat women very badly.
2. Do you agree: "The novel is both the tribute and critique of Mrs. Ramsay"? (Key: Take some clues
from the painting of Mrs Ramsay drawn by Lily Briscoe and the article by Andre Viola and Glenn Pedersen. Can
we read Mrs. R in context of the idea of Ideal Indian Woman -
Ans:-I am agree, the novel both critique and tribute to Mrs. Ramsay. We could criticize her perspective of
feminism because she fit more in patriarchal mindset, she obeyed her husband and also gave respect to men
rather than women. She did not see Lily as respected as she saw the men around her and also this novel is tribute
through Lily's paintings in which Mrs. Ramsay is center of the house.
Yes, we can read Mrs. Ramsay as an Ideal woman through given slok.

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Image of Ideal women
The sloka says that: A homemaker (wife) must be a good loyal worker just like a maid; a good adviser like a
minister of King’s court; a caretaker like a mother; Romantic like Rambha, in bed room; a pardoner just like a
goddess of earth; a beautiful like Lakshmi, the goddess of learning and wife of Brahma; and perfect duty minded
one.
Most important thing is to understand the in depth meaning of the sanskrit poems.
Karyeshu dasi means not exactly one who works like maid.But what is the main quality we look in maid is
LOYALTY.
Karaneshu Mantri means one who advises during the critical times, if you look at history, Chanakya played such
an important role in Chandragupta’s life. The quality we are looking here is INTELLIGENCE.
Bhojeshu Mata, while feeding food who thinks like mom. A hotel owner or a chat wala (street food seller) will not
give you food unless you pay money but a mother no matter what time it is if you tell her that you are hungry she
cooks and feeds food to your hearts content.The quality we are looking here is UNCONDITIONAL LOVE.
Shayaneshu Rambha: in hindu mythology Rambha , who is an apsara, is pictured as a very beautiful dancer
damsel in indra’s (king of god’s) court. Rambha is known for her beauty and she pleases gods with her talent. The
quality we are looking is who tries to cheer up, ENCOURAGE & GIVE COMFORT (even on bed).
Roopeshu lakshmi. Goddess lakshmi is goddess of wealth. Despite her riches she is dedicated when Sri
mahavishnu, her consort, took incarnation as srirama, she followed with him during vanavasa(exile) instead of
sitting in vaikunta(luxury). Here the quality we see is the DEDICATION and HUMILITY.
Kshamayeshu dharithri. While forgiving one should be like mother earth. Quality here is boundless
COMPASSION.
So try to understand in between lines. The author here is saying a kula dharma patni (perfect house wife) should
posses the qualities like loyalty, intelligence, unconditional love, cheers for good causes, dedication, humility and
boundless compassion.

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The most wonderful thing about our ancient literature is every thing said is not time bound… its like eternal
truth. Even though this sloka was written 1000+ of years back, it still holds the key to a happy family.
The author here is saying these are the qualities an ideal wife should posses.
The same literature says that where females are worshipped, there resides the god. Worshipping here means not
literally doing pooja but RESPECTING and UNDERSTANDING.
A Female is given utmost importance in indian mythology.
3. Considering symbolically, does the Lighthouse stand for Mrs. Ramsay or the narrator (Virginia
Woolf herself who is categorically represented by Lily)? (Key: Take help from the presentation on Symbolism to
connect Mrs. Caroline Ramsay with Lighthouse. Secondly, the narrator / author cannot fully disappear from the
novel and thus the stoicism of Lily to paint and thus prove that she can paint, is symbolically presented in
stoicism of Lighthouse. Read 'lighthouse' symbol from presentation slide with this insight to connect lighthouse
with the narrator. Give your concluding remarks in the comment below in this blog )
Ans:-, we could interpret the symbol of lighthouse with Mrs.Ramsay who is the center in the novel and direction
giver to the family like lighthouse gives the way to the bushed people,About the narrator, with biographically
context, we could say that Virginia's character is more presented in Lily's character and her dilemma is Virginia
Woolf's own mental dilemma. Furthermore, we can say that Virginia portrayed her character in the Lily's
character because Woolf also was a stoic personality in her time as an artist so she is connected with the Lily
throughout the novel.
4. In the article by Joseph Blotner, two myths are patterned together. Name the myths? How they are
zeroed down to the symbols of 'Window' and 'Lighthouse'? How does the male phallic symbol represent feminine
Mrs. Ramsay? (Key: The strokes of light-beams. . . )
Ans:-In this novel Virginia Woolf's concept of woman's role in life is crystallized in the character of Mrs. Ramsay,
whose attributes are those of major female figures in pagan myth.The most useful myth for interpreting the novel
is that of the Primordial Goddess, who "is threefold in relation to Zeus: mother (Rhea), wife (Demeter), and
daughter (Persephone)." One of the major sources of the myth is the Homeric "Hymn to Demeter," in which the
poet compares Rhea with her daughter Demeter, and makes it clear that Demeter and her daughter Persephone
"are to be thought of as a double figure, one half of which is the ideal complement of the other." This double
figure is that of the Kore, the primordial maiden, who is also a mother. Also useful in interpreting the novel is the
Oedipus myth.
5. What do you understand by the German term 'Künstlerroman'? How can you justify that 'To The
Lighthouse' is 'Künstlerroman' novel?
An artist novel detailing the artist's growth to maturity.
The künstlerroman is a type of bildungsroman—a novel where the protagonist undergoes an education—in which
the writer charts the course of an artist undergoing an evolution from nascent stirrings to full artistic voice.
Literally, künstlerroman translates to English as “artist” (from the German, “künstler”) and “novel” (from the
French, “roman”).Where the hero often dreams of becoming a great artist but settles for being a mere useful
citizen, the Künstlerroman usually ends on a note of arrogant rejection of the commonplace life
6. "... the wages of obedience is death, and the daughter that reproduces mothering to perfection,
including child-bearing, already has on her cheeks the pallor of death. One reminded here of various texts by Lucy

47
Irigaray, in which she attacks mothers for being, however unwillingly, accomplices in the patriarchal system of
oppression." (Viola). In light of this remark, explain briefly Lily's dilemma in 'To The Lighthouse'.
Character of Lily
In this novel, Lily strongly oppose to patriarchal power, she believes in feminism and freedom. She wants to be
free without any kind of male company but at the end of the novel we come to know that she also wants be a like
Mrs. Ramsay a married life have family and children to be enjoy the life. Ramsay. So, Lily was very confused to
follow pure femininity or man company and also somewhere he attracted towards Mr. Bank.
7. You have compared the 'beginning' and the 'ending' of the novel and the film adaptation of the
novel directed by Colin Gregg (you can see it again in the embedded video below this). Do you think that the
novel is more poignant than the movie? If yes, do you ascribe the fact that the power of words is much greater
than that of the screen / visuals?
There is always difference between movie adaption and novel. Because When we read the beginning of the novel
it has effective start like we enter in the mind of characters one by one and in the film it has differently begun
with the introduction of the characters. At the end, the confusion of Briscoe has very well described by the
narration and in the film, it has described by the visual effects of light and sound.
8. How do you interpret the last line of the novel (It was done; it was finished.
Yes, she thought, laying down her brush in extreme fatigue, I have had my vision.) with reference to the ending of
the film (After the final stroke on the canvass with finishing touch, Lily walks inside the house. As she goes ante-

48
chamber, the light and dark shade makes his face play hide-and-seek. She climbs stairs, puts her brush aside, walks
through the dark and light to enter her room. Gently closes the door - speaks: "Closed doors, open windows" - lies
on the bed and with some sort of satisfaction utters: "Dearest Briscoe, you are a fool".)
Ans. We could see that significant that Lily briscoe in her subconscious mind she thinking about Mrs Ramsay but
now finally after 10 years her painting is complete so the interpretation come that the Mrs Ramsay is bridge for
family but at one time she is also barricade for family after her death the family goes to visit lighthouse and
Augustine carmichael poem are also sale so in that way finally Lily briscoe get her vision and the novel will end.
9. What does the catalogue named as 'Army and Navy' signify? What does cutting of 'Refrigerator'
signify?
“Army and Navy” signifies the time of war and consumption.
And Refrigerator symbolies the change,of technology changing and presumably improving human culture. The
refrigerator is an instrument of science and it occupies the same sphere as the light house.It could be viewed as a
domestic light house of sorts.According to me for the 2nd
question.What does cutting ”Refrigerator signify?. It is
signifies that breaks the old thoughts and accept the new things.
10. Why did Virginia give such prominence to the tale of the “Fisherman’s Wife”? In particular, why did
she weave such a misogynist tale into the fabric of a book which so eloquently challenges received patriarchal
notions about the roles and capabilities of women?
Ans:-Prominence to the tell of the fisherman’s wife and Mrs.Ramsay both make unreasonable demands upon
their husband. In this novel Virginia woolf use of the the fairytale seems to be ironic .She is the subverting the
misogyny of the fairytale. Mrs.Ramsay is acting from empathy. She has much more in common with the
empathetic and reasonable fisherman than with his wife. In this novel on other hand, Mr. Ramsay and Charles,
despite the truth of their assertion are as an uncompromising and as an unreasonable as the fisherman’s wife. In
this novel we could find that characters about the dangers of unopposed female will and desire. The red danger
seems to be the male need for self assertion. So the last I would like to say that Mrs.Ramsay told such a
misogynistic tale Virginia also indicting Mrs.Ramsay by showing the Mrs.Ramsay as transmitting and perpetually
harmful myths about female will and desire Virginia is criticizing and attacking the way in which women are
complicit in limiting their ability to full realize themselves.
11. How is India represented in 'To The Lighthouse'?
Ans:-

49
India is referred 6 times in this Novel
1. India is ruled by the men-folk.
2 India is exotic place where lies great romance, adventure and happiness
3 Augustus Carmichael’s going to India is considered as some sort of
achievements.
4 India is referred as place of desire. . . a desire to visit.
5 Made in India jewelry is a thing to be possessed – owned with pride
6 Some land which is far away – unknown land, the exotic land.
12.....Summaries of Articles
Mythic Patterns
In this novel we could find some myths like Pagan myth and Homeric Myth. We can see
that in using myth as an approach to a work of literature Virginia Woolf diaries shows that she read Greeks, "On
not knowing Greek " shows that she veneraled. There is no evidence that she consciously used myth in the writing
of this novel. Virginia Woolf in her diary reiterated the role of her "subconscious" in Germination of a novel and
noted "How tremendously important unconsciousness is when one writes ". However this preposition is
susceptible of neither proof nor disproof. Virginia Woolf agnosticism appears on many pages of her diary. And
criticism symbolism is quite as an appropriate for Mrs. Ramsay when the phrase "We are in the hands of Lord's ".
In this novel we could find that main character Mrs.Ramsay is a symbol of the female principal in life.
Fluidity v/s Masculinity
In the novel Mrs.Ramsay'S daughter are presented as sporting with "Infidel Idea "
In this novel lily is secondary character but Lily is statistically more present than Mrs.Ramsay. To the light house
is kind of Kunstlerroman. In the lighthouse Woolf more or less consciously transferred to Lily. Phrase,"Women
can not paint " introduce in scene on the beach never mention in part one. The desire to control the object the
sadistic gratification as overcoming it. Women is specifically defines it self in patrilinear society, woman is
specialist in unconscious, a witch, a bachchalan, taking her i an anti Apollonian, dionysian ". Virginia Woolf it
must be stressed in view of the condition of her early life in Victorian England. That time patriarchal power so
much dominated in society even today's time also dominating.
Vision To the lighthouse
"Someone had blundered " The vision of lily briscoe reveals that it was Mr.Ramsay.The novel begins with Jame's
desire to go the lighthouse and ends with that desire full filled. Mr.Ramsay is villainous character in this novel.
We discover that Mrs. Ramsay'S attitude towards other is determined by their attitude towards her. Virginia
Woolf used the fairytale beautifully as an analogue to Mrs.Ramsay'S Dominating her husband. Mrs.Ramsay could
never say that what she felt. She didn't know her unconscious feelings and unconsciously she didn't love
Mr.Ramsay.Mrs.Ramsay is matriarchy of family that is dangerous things as well as patriarchal. In vision Mr.ramsay
has come to fulfillment he has integrated the family. Lily's vision revealed the resolution of conflict. Lily briscoe
vision is James desire, and in effect the whole family's fulfilled.

50
Transcendentalism and Anti-transcendentalism in Scarlett letter
Scarlett letter
Transcendentalism
Anti-transcendentalism
#Transcendentalism
Transcendentalism is a philosophical movement that developed in the late 1820s and 1830s in the eastern United
States. It arose as a reaction, to protest against the general state of intellectualism and spirituality at the time.
#Anti-transcendentalism
Transcendentalist. The Transcendentalist were writers who supported the beauty of Nature, the kindness of
Humans and a distrust in government.
Transcendentalism in Scarlett letter
1.self-confidence, self-reliant, dignity
In the novel Hester is confident girl.
2.Transformation innate "Human goodness ".
The transformation in Hester from anger or resentment to love, is clear display of transcendentalism
3.Close to the nature
In the novel Hester living on the outskirts of town with pearl surrender to nature the sea and the woods.
Anti-transcendentalism
1.Human sin
We know that Summerdale does not have courage to admit his sin.
2. Human as dark human emotion and conviction and devil in nature
Another character chilingwort is learned person and his sin is different from demesdale and Hester. His sin
resides in his persistent vindictiveness towards dimmesdal which turns him into a devil because he absolutely
refuse to forgive his wife's lover

51
Orientalism-Edward Said
https://dilipbarad.blogspot.com/2016/07/edward-said-on-orientalism.html
Edward Said:-
Edward Said, in full Edward Wadie Said, sometimes Edward William Said, (born November 1, 1935, Jerusalem—
died September 25, 2003, New York, New York, U.S.), Palestinian American academic, political activist, and
literary critic who examined literature in light of social and cultural politics and was an outspoken proponent of
the political rights of the Palestinian people and the creation of an independent Palestinian state.
Orientalism:-

52
"Orientalism” is a way of seeing that imagines, emphasizes, exaggerates and distorts differences of Arab peoples
and cultures as compared to that of Europe and the U.S. It often involves seeing Arab culture as exotic, backward,
uncivilized, and at times dangerous. Edward W. Said, in his groundbreaking book, Orientalism, defined it as the
acceptance in the West of “the basic distinction between East and West as the starting point for elaborate
theories, epics, novels, social descriptions, and political accounts concerning the Orient, its people, customs,
‘mind,’ destiny and so on.
According to Edward Said in Orientalism began for two reasons, one it was an immediate thing, that is to say,
the Arab-Israeli War of 1973.And the second one, which has a much longer history in my own life was the
constant sort of disparity I felt between what my experience of being an Arab was.
He also wants to tell that If somebody, let's say in the 1850's or 1860's in Paris or London, wished to talk about
or read about India or Egypt or Syria, there would be very little chance for that person to simply address the
subject.
Said's analysis of Orientalism isn't just a description of its content but a sustained argument for why it looks the
way it does. It's an examination of the quite concrete, historical and institutional context that creates it.
Napoleon's conquest of Egypt in 1798 as marking a new kind of imperial and colonial conquest, that inaugurates
the project of Orientalism.
PAlESTINE_ISRAEL
Video
We could say that Religion is the most important thing.

53
The origins to the conflict can be traced back to Jewish immigration and sectarian conflict in
Mandatory Palestine between Jews and Arabs. It has been referred to as the world's "most intractable conflict",
with the ongoing Israeli occupation of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip reaching 52 years.
Simple problem is that "One Side Wants the Other side Beat"
Arab-Israel war 1948-49
There was war time between Arabs and Israel . And That time Israel defeated the Arab Countries and established
the new country for the Jews People.
Tharoor,Postcolonialism
Thinking Activity
https://dilipbarad.blogspot.com/2018/09/shashi-tharoor-and-dark-era-of.html
Shashi Tharoor:-


54
Shashi Tharoor is an Indian politician, writer and a former career international diplomat who is currently serving
as Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha from Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, since 2009. He also serves as Chairman
of the Parliamentary Standing Committee on External Affairs and All India Professionals Congress
"An Era of Darkness"

We can see in “An Era of Darkness” Shashi Tharoor gives all the arguments required to established that British
colonial rule was terriblel experience for Indians and he does so with a consummate debater’s skill. His book is, in
fact, an expanded take on British exploitation of India that famously carried the day for Tharoor in an Oxford
debate not too long ago. According to Tharoor, there was nothing redeeming in British rule of our country. What
India had to endure under them was humiliation on a humongous scale and sustained violence of a kind it had
never experienced before. In short, British rule was, according to Tharoor, an era of darkness for India,
throughout which it suffered several man made famines, wars, racism, deportation of its people to distant lands
and economic exploitation on an unprecedented scale. Tharoor even demands a token restitution and public
apology from the British for all the harm they had caused India. Tharoor’s debate established and wildly popular
in India. Everything the British did in India, Tharoor asserts that it was for their own benefit and never for that

55
of the Indian.
Ngugi Wa Thiongo's views...

The language of African literature cannot be discussed meaningfully outside the contacts of those social forces
which have made it both an issue demanding our earth our attention and problem calling for a resolution.
another word imperialism continues to control the economic politics and culturals of Africa.the struggles of
African people to liberate their economy politics and culture from that Euro American based stranglehold to
usher a new era of true communal self regulation and self determination. the choice of language and the use to
which language is put is Central to a people's definition of themselves in relation to their natural and social
environment. Africa is still living was a obviously economic and political despite the claims of Bible wielding
diplomats but it was a also cultural. African countries as a colonies came to be defined and to define themselves in
terms of language of Europe English speaking, French speaking, or Portuguese speaking, African countries. The
title conference of African writers of English expression automatically excluded those who wrote in African
language. The discussion on the novel The short story poetry and drama are based on extracts from works in
English and hence the excluded the main body of work in Swahili ,Zulu ,yoruba Arabic, amharic and other
African language. We have question that "what is African literature?" In Africa in mostly people speak English
,French ,Portuguese was assumed to be the natural language of literary and even political meditation between
African people in the same Nation and between Nation in Africa and other continents. “The Language of African

56
Literature,” Ngugi deals with this relationship by returning to the colonial history by which English was
substituted for indigenous Kenyan language, and particularly with respect to literature as the title of the chapter
suggests. For Ngugi, the detrimental impact of colonization and imperialism extend all the way down to the very
language that is used by certain authors. This is the case, says Ngugi, because of the inherent nature of language
which carries within itself a whole world of references and values that are specific to the culture from which it
originates. And it is for this reason that Ngũgĩ would argue for the revival of literature written in indigenous
African languages since the literature of Europe is inseparable from the racist images and stereotypes that
perpetuate the false ideology of European superiority over the African continent as a whole.
Then and Now:Colonialism,Post-Colonialism,Imperialism
Colonialism

57
Post-Colonialism
Imperialism
Image

58
Then and Now-Introduction and Conclusion
Introduction
postcolonial studies have become even more institutionalized in the Western academic .At the same time the
relevance of postcolonial studies to our world continues to be questioned .the events of 11 September 2001,and
the US invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq, questions of ‘empire’ are more urgent than ever, as advocates of the
‘new American empire’ exhort the US to learn from European imperialism, while its critics warn that the
murderous history of colonialism is being whitewashed all over again. Is postcolonial studies redundant in this
new world? A new conclusion to this edition of Colonialism/Postcolonialism discusses this question, situating
postcolonial studies in relation to globalization and new imperial formations.postcolonial studies had already
become, in the words of Stuart Hall, ‘the bearer of such powerful unconscious investments – a sign of desire for
some, and equally for others, a signifier of danger’.
The terms like ‘ethnic’ and ‘postcolonial’ have become shorthand for something simultaneously fashionable and
marginal? It is also true that some of the landmark essays in postcolonial studies are notoriously difficult to read,
and that the term ‘post colonialism’ has become so heterogeneous and diffuse that it is impossible to describe
satisfactorily what its study might entail.
There are certain dangers attendant upon these perspectives becoming institutionalized, especially within English
departments. Ella Shohat points out one negative implication of the very acceptability of the term ‘postcolonial’
in the Western academy.

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