Introduction to ArtificiaI Intelligence in Higher Education
Ontology and spatial planning
1. University of Basilicata LISUT
Faculty of Engineering Laboratorio di Ingegneria dei Sistemi Urbani e Territoriali
Department of Architecture, Planning and Transport Laboratory of Urban and Regional Systems Engineering
Infrastructure
Ontology
and
spa-al
planning.
Beniamino
Murgante,
Francesco
Scorza
Università
della
Basilicata
–
Laoratorio
di
Ingegneria
dei
Sistemi
Urbani
e
Territoriali
(LISUT)
University
of
Basilicata
–
Laboratory
of
Urban
and
Regional
Systems
Engineering
(LISUT),
Viale
dell Ateneo
Lucano
10,
85100,
Potenza
–
Italy
Name.surname@unibas.it
ICCSA 2011 – University of Cantabria, Santander, SPAIN Ing. Francesco Scorza
2. University of Basilicata LISUT
Faculty of Engineering Laboratorio di Ingegneria dei Sistemi Urbani e Territoriali
Department of Architecture, Planning and Transport Laboratory of Urban and Regional Systems Engineering
Infrastructure
Index:
• Lack
of
data
vs
interoperability
• SemanRc
barriers
and
ontology
• Broad
ontology
• Conclusions
3. University of Basilicata LISUT
Faculty of Engineering Laboratorio di Ingegneria dei Sistemi Urbani e Territoriali
Department of Architecture, Planning and Transport Laboratory of Urban and Regional Systems Engineering
Infrastructure
Lack
of
data
vs
interoperability
“Isolated” data set
Recent trends:
• Wiki approach in data production
• Volunteered geographic information
• Crowdsourcing
• Neogeography (geotg, blogs, etc.)
• …
4. University of Basilicata LISUT
Faculty of Engineering Laboratorio di Ingegneria dei Sistemi Urbani e Territoriali
Department of Architecture, Planning and Transport Laboratory of Urban and Regional Systems Engineering
Infrastructure
Lack
of
data
vs
interoperability
Three main barriers:
• Bureaucratic: poor practice in sharing data
• Technological: differences between systems
and data formats
• Semantic: lack of correspondance in
meanings.
5. University of Basilicata LISUT
Faculty of Engineering Laboratorio di Ingegneria dei Sistemi Urbani e Territoriali
Department of Architecture, Planning and Transport Laboratory of Urban and Regional Systems Engineering
Infrastructure
SemanRc
barriers
… the main issue in usign GIS is “where is located an
object” without thinking in deep about “what you are
looking for” …..
6. University of Basilicata LISUT
Faculty of Engineering Laboratorio di Ingegneria dei Sistemi Urbani e Territoriali
Department of Architecture, Planning and Transport Laboratory of Urban and Regional Systems Engineering
Infrastructure
SemanRc
barriers
… the main issue in usign GIS is “where is located an
object” without thinking in deep about “what you are
looking for” …..
Obj.
7. University of Basilicata LISUT
Faculty of Engineering Laboratorio di Ingegneria dei Sistemi Urbani e Territoriali
Department of Architecture, Planning and Transport Laboratory of Urban and Regional Systems Engineering
Infrastructure
Ontology
A tool for achieving database integration and interoperability
Planning issues:
• Complexity
• Detailed analysis SemanRc
• Domains specialists
• Perceived visions
agreement
• Conflicting interests
• Uncertainty
• …
8. University of Basilicata LISUT
Faculty of Engineering Laboratorio di Ingegneria dei Sistemi Urbani e Territoriali
Department of Architecture, Planning and Transport Laboratory of Urban and Regional Systems Engineering
Infrastructure
Broad
ontology
DefiniRon
of
…
Ontology
Obj.
DefiniRon
of
…
DefiniRon
of
…
DefiniRon
of
…
AYributes
…
DefiniRon
of
…
RelaRons
…
9. University of Basilicata LISUT
Faculty of Engineering Laboratorio di Ingegneria dei Sistemi Urbani e Territoriali
Department of Architecture, Planning and Transport Laboratory of Urban and Regional Systems Engineering
Infrastructure
Broad
ontology
10. University of Basilicata LISUT
Faculty of Engineering Laboratorio di Ingegneria dei Sistemi Urbani e Territoriali
Department of Architecture, Planning and Transport Laboratory of Urban and Regional Systems Engineering
Infrastructure
Broad
ontology
a)
c) b)
11. University of Basilicata LISUT
Faculty of Engineering Laboratorio di Ingegneria dei Sistemi Urbani e Territoriali
Department of Architecture, Planning and Transport Laboratory of Urban and Regional Systems Engineering
Infrastructure
Broad
ontology
!
9-intersection model
12. University of Basilicata LISUT
Faculty of Engineering Laboratorio di Ingegneria dei Sistemi Urbani e Territoriali
Department of Architecture, Planning and Transport Laboratory of Urban and Regional Systems Engineering
Infrastructure
Broad
ontology
!
Broad boundaries model
13. University of Basilicata LISUT
Faculty of Engineering Laboratorio di Ingegneria dei Sistemi Urbani e Territoriali
Department of Architecture, Planning and Transport Laboratory of Urban and Regional Systems Engineering
Infrastructure
Rough
set
Information System
IS = (U, A)
Let U be a nonempty finite set of objects called the universe
U = { 1, x2, x3, x4 , x5, x6,............, xn }
x
Let A be a nonempty finite set of attributes
A = { 1, A2, A3}
A
! a"A # Va = value set (domain of attribute)
V1 = { ,2, 3 }
1
V2 = { , 2}
1
V3 = { ,2, 3, 4}
1 R e v u e d e s N o u v e l l e s Te c h n o l o g i e s d e
l'Information, Éditions Cépaduès, France
14. University of Basilicata LISUT
Faculty of Engineering Laboratorio di Ingegneria dei Sistemi Urbani e Territoriali
Department of Architecture, Planning and Transport Laboratory of Urban and Regional Systems Engineering
Infrastructure
Rough
set
U a1 a2 a3
x1 2 1 3
Information System X2 3 2 1
X3 2 1 3
X4 2 2 3
f : U → Va
a information function X5 1 1 4
X6 1 1 2
X7 3 2 1
X8 1 1 4
X9 2 1 3
x10 3 2 1
Murgante B., Las Casas G., Sansone A., (2008) “ A spatial rough R e v u e d e s N o u v e l l e s Te c h n o l o g i e s d e
set for extracting periurban fringe” l'Information, Éditions Cépaduès, France
15. University of Basilicata LISUT
Faculty of Engineering Laboratorio di Ingegneria dei Sistemi Urbani e Territoriali
Department of Architecture, Planning and Transport Laboratory of Urban and Regional Systems Engineering
Infrastructure
Rough
set
U a1 a2 a3 d1
x1 2 1 3 1
Decision System
X2 3 2 1 4
A decision system is an X3 2 1 3 5
information system in which X4 2 2 3 2
the values of a special
X5 1 1 4 2
decision attribute classify the
cases X6 1 1 2 4
X7 3 2 1 1
DS = (U, A ∪ d ) d≠A X8 1 1 4 2
X9 2 1 3 3
other attributes a ! A- {d} x10 3 2 1 2
Conditional Attributes
R e v u e d e s N o u v e l l e s Te c h n o l o g i e s d e
l'Information, Éditions Cépaduès, France
16. University of Basilicata LISUT
Faculty of Engineering Laboratorio di Ingegneria dei Sistemi Urbani e Territoriali
Department of Architecture, Planning and Transport Laboratory of Urban and Regional Systems Engineering
Infrastructure
Rough
set
Lower Approximation
{
LX = xi ∈ U [xi ]ind ( B ) ⊂ X }
Equivalence
classes
Upper Approximation
{
UX = xi ∈U [xi ]ind ( B) ∩ X ≠ ∅ }
Accuracy
µB ( X ) = card(LX ) / card(UX )
BX = UX − LX Boundary region If BX = ∅ then the set X is Crisp
Murgante B., Las Casas G., Sansone A., (2008) “ A spatial rough If BX ≠ ∅ then the set X is Rough
set for extracting periurban fringe”
17. University of Basilicata LISUT
Faculty of Engineering Laboratorio di Ingegneria dei Sistemi Urbani e Territoriali
Department of Architecture, Planning and Transport Laboratory of Urban and Regional Systems Engineering
Infrastructure
ReDO
!"#$$%$
&'"(!)
*''"$
#!*'+
&+',%!*
&"#-
&+'.+#/
%-0(+'-/%-*
4;0/<9=!>?;@
!" !"##$%&'(
!# )*+,-'&.,
!$ /-'&"%
!% !"##&'#,%'
!& 0,1%
!' 2"13
!( 4'51',6(
!) 7$*3&-
!* !"8'
!"+ 918:
18. University of Basilicata LISUT
Faculty of Engineering Laboratorio di Ingegneria dei Sistemi Urbani e Territoriali
Department of Architecture, Planning and Transport Laboratory of Urban and Regional Systems Engineering
Infrastructure
ReDO
19. University of Basilicata LISUT
Faculty of Engineering Laboratorio di Ingegneria dei Sistemi Urbani e Territoriali
Department of Architecture, Planning and Transport Laboratory of Urban and Regional Systems Engineering
Infrastructure
ReDO
1%)23'+4$2!+(*%+(#
!"#$$%$ !" !# !$ !% !& !' !( !) !* !"+
&'"(!) ! " # ! " !
*''"$ ! "
#!*'+ !
&+',%!* ! !
&"#- ! ! "
&+'.+#/ # " ! " !
%-0(+'-/%-* # " # !
4;0/<9=!>?;@
!" !"##$%&'(
!# )*+,-'&.,
!$ /-'&"%
!% !"##&'#,%'
!& 0,1%
!' 2"13
!( 4'51',6(
!) 7$*3&-
!* !"8'
!"+ 918:
20. University of Basilicata LISUT
Faculty of Engineering Laboratorio di Ingegneria dei Sistemi Urbani e Territoriali
Department of Architecture, Planning and Transport Laboratory of Urban and Regional Systems Engineering
Infrastructure
ReDO
ROSE 2
21. University of Basilicata LISUT
Faculty of Engineering Laboratorio di Ingegneria dei Sistemi Urbani e Territoriali
Department of Architecture, Planning and Transport Laboratory of Urban and Regional Systems Engineering
Infrastructure
ReDO
# LEM2
# C:Documents and SettingsLTDesktopReDO.ISF
# objects = 7
# attributes = 11
# decision = a6
# classes = {1, 3}
# 0s
rule 1. (a2 = 0) & (a5 = 0) => (a6 = 0); [2, 2, 66.67%, 100.00%][2, 0]
[{3, 4}, {}]
rule 2. (a1 = 3) => (a6 = 0); [1, 1, 33.33%, 100.00%][1, 0]
[{7}, {}]
rule 3. (a1 = 0) & (a8 = 0) & (a10 = 0) => (a6 = 2); [3, 3, 75.00%, 100.00%][0, 3]
[{}, {2, 5, 6}]
rule 4. (a1 = 1) => (a6 = 2); [1, 1, 25.00%, 100.00%][0, 1]
[{}, {1}]
**END
23. University of Basilicata LISUT
Faculty of Engineering Laboratorio di Ingegneria dei Sistemi Urbani e Territoriali
Department of Architecture, Planning and Transport Laboratory of Urban and Regional Systems Engineering
Infrastructure
Conclusions
• Interoperability
-‐>
produced
“unified
legends”
??
• SDI
-‐>
semanRc
approach
could
reinforce
the
usability
of
the
systems
• SemanRc
correspondence
brings
to
interoperability
not
only
between
data
sets
but
also
in
the
process
of
management
plans
and
intervenRon
programs.
24. Thanks
Ing.
Francesco
Scorza
PhD
Student
at
University
of
Basilicata
-‐
Faculty
of
Engineering
Department
of
Architecture,
Planning
and
Transport
Infrastructure
(DAPIT)
Laboratory
of
Urban
and
Regional
Systems
Engineering
(LISUT)
Viale
dell’Ateneo
Lucano,
10
85100
Potenza
–
Italy
www.lisut.org
francesco.scorza@unibas.it
Skype:
francescoscorza
Tel:
0039.347.7001363