Hazrat Umar ibn Al-Khattab established an advanced administrative system during his reign as Caliph from 634 to 644 CE. He divided the Islamic empire into provinces, each led by a governor. Key departments included military, taxation, education, police, and financial. Umar introduced principles of accountability, separated government and private business, and established equal law for all. His reforms helped the rapidly expanding Muslim state address challenges like famine and wars with neighboring empires. Umar established foundations for efficient governance that helped strengthen and stabilize the early Muslim community.
11. Important Conquests of Hazrat Umar(RA)’s Reign
Conquest of Damascus
Conquest of Saida, Irqah
and Beirut (Lebanon today)
Campaigns in Iraq
The Conquest of
2/3 of Byzantie
The Battle of Qaadisiyah
Conquest of the Persian
capital
Conquest of Jerusalem
The Conquest of Egypt
12. Comparison with the Caliphate of Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA)
Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA) Hazrat Umar (RA)
13. Pact in Jerusalem
o The inhabitants' life, property and churches were given
protection
o Islam was not to be forced on them
o The inhabitants were to pay the “Jizya" or poll tax
o The Greeks were to be turned out of the City
14. Reforms of Hazrat Umar(RA) during his Administration
"Awliat-i-Umar
Formal Bayt ul Mal
Trading Reforms
Taxes Reforms
Departments
Other Institutions
Agriculture
15. Provincial Administration
Division into Provinces.
The following were, the provinces and their governors in 23 A.H., i.e.
near the end of Hadrat Umar's Caliphate.
1. Hijaz with Makkah as its capital; Nafi' bin Abu Harith.
2. Syria with Damascus as its capital;Mu'awiyah bin Abu Sufyan.
3. Iran with Basrah as its capital; Abu Musa al-Ash'ari.
4. Iraq with Kufa as its capital; -Mughirah bin Shu'bah.
5. Egypt with Fustat as its capital;Amr bin al-'As.
6. Palestine with Jerusalem as its capital; 'Alqamah bin Majaz.
7. Jazirah (i.e. Mesopotamia) with Hims (Hems) as its controlling capital;
Governor -- 'Umair bin Sa'd.
8. The central province of Arabia with Medina as its capital.
21. Taxes In Hazrat Umar’s
Administrtion
Jizya (Indemnity or Defence Tax)
Diwan al Kharaj
Non Muslims
48 24 12
(Zakat(Poor Tax) Diwan al-Zakah
Khiraj(Land Tax); Diwan al Kharaj
Ushr (Special land Tax);
22. Taxes In Hazrat Umar’s
Administrtion
War Booty –Ghanima
(Income from the conquered places)-Diwan al-
Jund
Ushoor
10 percent Resident Non Muslim 5 %
Reekaz
Tax on Land Mines and Treasure Troves
Ushoor & Reekaz (Diwan al Bareed & Diwan
al Khatm)
26. Construction Canals
Populated Cities
He was also the first to make use of the whip for
corporal punishment and set up a prison.
He introduced a system of collecting direct information
concerning the State.
He established a secret intelligence service.
He had wells bored, built houses
Fixed a daily payment for the destitute among the
Christians and the Jews.
Develpoments
27. Introductions
Hijri Calendar
Fixed Salaries for Men involved in voluntary
service
Census system,
Measuring of the land and keeping its record
He was first to allow traders of rival countries
to enter Muslim territories for the purpose of
business.
Formal Taraweeh Prayers
28. Departments
Military Department
Tax Deptartments
Education Department
Police Deparmtment
Financial Department
Shurah (Advisory Council)
Higher Advisory Council
General Advisory Council
3rd Advisory Council
Between The Higher & General Advisory Council
29. Departments
Military Department
Tax Deptartments
Education Department
Police Deparmtment
Financial Department
Higher Advisory Council
Important Decisions of the State
Permanent Members
Hadrat Uthman, Ali, 'Abdur Rahman bin Auf, Mu'adh bin Jabal,
Ubayy bin Ka'b, Zaid bin Thabit, Talha and Zubair (Raziallah Anho).
General Advisory Council
General Matters
Ansar & Muhajireens
The Companions who participated in the battle of Badr were given
priority in this "Shura.In this "Shura" were also included the chiefs
of various clans and tribes.
30. Departments
Military Department
Tax Deptartments
Education Department
Police Deparmtment
Financial Department
3rd Advisory Council
Ranked between the other two Shuras
Some selected Companions among the Muhajirin and Ansar
Matter of Special Interest
The Way to call the Shura:
As-Salatu Jami'ah," in the Prophet's Masjid
33. "Amongst the nations before your time, there have been inspired
people (who were not Prophets), and if there is one amongst my
Ummah, he is Umar".
- (Bukhari and Muslim)
Saying of Hazrat Muhammad (SAWW) about Hazrat Umar (RA)