Why protected areas are one of the most efficient and cost effective solutions to climate change. How Madagascar Biodiversity Fund (FAPBM) became a tool for sustainable financing of protected areas and contributes to sustainable human development

1. LONG TERM FINANCING of
PROTECTED AREAS
Fonda&on pour les Aires Protégées
et la Biodiversité de Madagascar
www.fapbm.org
Madagascar, une terre, une vie

2. PROTECTED AREAS « NATURAL SOLUTIONS »
v PAs : a global response to the climate change
v They contribute to halt the causes of CC : protecting
natural ecosystems mitigate the effect of natural
disasters è it conserves the environnemental
services on which populations depend
v PAs : play a buffer role for approximatively 5 millions
people in local communities, alleviate the risks and
extreme climatic events such as hurricanes, droughts
and sea level rise
v Madagascar : 7 millions ha of PAs (11,9% of
Madagascar area)
è 123 PAs with at least 24 diversified ecosystems
(mostly humid forrests & dry forests)

3. Biodiversitéfortement menacée
HIGHLY THREATENED BIODIVERSITY
Ø A great number of species classified in the IUCN
Red List
Ø Human-induced threats :
• High population growth rate
• Developpement-induced risks
Ø Climate Change threats

4. THE VALUE OF THIS NATURAL CAPITAL
IT IS ESSENTIAL TO RECOGNIZE AND EVALUATE
THE VALUE OF THE BIODIVERSITY, our NATURAL
CAPITAL
This is what W.A.V.E.S. project do
IMPORTANT STEP WHILE ELABORATING A LONG
TERM FUNDING STRATEGY

5. ACTIVITIES RELATED TO CC ADAPTATION
v Forest conserva&on:
ü Masoala and Marojejy NP : more
than 200 000 ha of forest that
protect villages & towns against
the wind
ü Environmental services
conservation (shelterbelt, drinking
water reservoir, genetic pool,
medicine reservoir, natural
resources…)
ü These environmental services
offer a stronger resilience of
vulnerable communities

6. ACTIVITIES RELATED TO CC ADAPTATION
v Income genera&ng ac&vi&es
Mandrozo: coconut trees plantations
in rows along the sea and around crop
fields
è Protect villages and enable the
production of nut, oil, milk, copra that
develop the local economy
èCrop fields sheltered by coconut
tree : source of food, reduce poverty
by varying the communities livelihood

7. PA management costs = 20 Millions USD/year
Traditional donors such as World Bank, PNUD, KFW,
GEF, Foundations (Mac Arthur, Helmsley…), NGOs
(CI, WWF, WCS), …
SUSTAINABLE FUNDING ISSUE
THE CURRENT DEPENDENCE ON FOREIGN AID IS
NOT VIABLE, NOR BENEFICIAL

8. SOME SOURCES OF RECURRING REVENUES
Ø PAs own resources (Eg: Madagascar National Parks
generates more than 1 million USD/year)
Ø Carbon revenues (pilot projects in some PAs : Makira,
CAZ et COFAV, REDD+)
Ø Parafiscal tax which benefit biodiversity conservation
(charges on airfares, PES)
Ø Strengthen synergy between mining and industrial
development and the need of environment preservation

9. WHAT MECHANISM TO MAINTAIN THESE SERVICES?
Trust funds have been created to provide a
sustainable funding for the PAs
Trust funds ! financial mechanisms, the most
suitable to maintain the ecosystemic services
provided by PAs

10. FAPBM MISSION & OBJECTIVES
Contribute to a sustainable human development
through conservation and promotion of biodiversity
by providing a long term support for the protected
areas system of Madagascar :
Ø Ensure a sustainable funding for biodiversity
conservation and sustainable development
Ø Reduce the dependence on traditional donors

11. AREAS OF INTERVENTION
Ø Conservation and sustainable management of PAs
Ø Participatory management of the natural resources,
involving local communities and considering human
well being;
Ø Research on biodiversity and ecological monitoring
on site;
Ø Help PAs to achieve autonomy by promoting
ecotourism;
Ø Education and awareness raising regarding
conservation & promotion of PAs.

12. CLIMATE CHANGE AND FUNDATIONS
Ø Carbon revenues generated by PAs should get
back to PAs management and local communities
Ø Fundations are the most efficient mechanism for
sustainable finance
Ø As an example, FAPBM is already an available
mechanism ; with a sound environmental and social
policy and a track record of ten years on managing
funds
Ø We are ready to manage funds from any carbon
based project or from any climate related project

13. FAPBM Financial management

14. +2 millions hectares
1 040 000
People
supported
10
Interna&onal
sites
included
30
Financed PAs

15. GRANTS EVOLUTION
(in millions USD)

16. FAPBM CHALLENGES
v Sustainable funding issue : management cost of
the123 PA is estimated at 20 Millions USD/ year
whereas the current long term support provide:
ü a little more than 2 millions USD from FAPBM
ü around 2 millions USD of ecotourism revenues from
the most advanced PAs
v Following the recommendations of IUCN and CAFE,
FAPBM should double its capital in the next 5 years in
order to increase its funding capacity

17. Key actors of PAs
sustainable financing
in Madagascar