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It is often argued that the single consistent, unifying factor of governance throughout the history of
mankind has been war. In our contemporary society and nearly every civilization that has preceded
it, warfare has pertained to governance as governance has pertained to warfare–whether as a
diplomatic last resort, or as a means for implementing imperial, territorial expansion. Yet, when
applied on the international level, the question arises: by what authority is the right to govern
granted? If war is a means to this authority, is it through the blind, tumultuous, violent struggle for
power, or is it grounded in a universal moral absolute? Put another way, do we assert that
governance is determined by arbitrary might or by absolute right?...show more content...
The Charter itself was created primarily from proposals determined by representatives from China,
the United States, the Soviet Union, and the United Kingdom. It was established largely in reaction
to the failure of preceding organizations such as the League of Nations to prevent war, in addition
to the catastrophic destruction caused by WWI and WWII (UN, "History"). The Charter outlines
four principle purposes for all members of the UN: "1) to maintain international peace and security;
2) to develop friendly relations among nations; 3) to cooperate in solving international problems and
in promoting respect for human rights; 4) and to be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations"
(UN, "Brief"). Today, the UN is composed of 192 countries , including the United States. All agree to
adhere to the regulations of the Charter upon becoming member states. The structure of the UN as
outlined by the Charter is complex, and for the sake of brevity I will only mention one internal
component: the Security Council. According to the United Nations' website, this group is
responsible for implementing global peace, and consists of 15 members. Ten of these are elected
temporarily, and the other 5–China, France, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom, and the
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The United Nations is one institute of global governance which was established on the 24th of
October 1951 with the aim of keeping peace throughout the world, developing friendly relations
between nations and working with member states to help people "live better lives" by eliminating
poverty, disease and illiteracy in the world and encouraging respect for each other's rights and
freedoms. The UN was set up to reflect the power structures that emerged out of the second world
war, hence the permanent members of the security council are the USA, UK, Russia, France and
China. Each of these nations has power of veto over the decisions of the Security Council and in
recent years this has greatly reduced the power of the UN to fulfill its own...show more content...
As Russia is a member of the big 5 the UN remains powerless to do anything about the Russian
occupation of Crimea as any proposed action is vetoed by the Russian government. However
when the UN has been able to get the big five to agree upon action it has often seen many positive
results such as the implementation of no fly zones in Syria which went along way to helping
overthrow the corrupt Gaddafi regime. Another of the UN's main aims is to help people "live
better lives". The UN has had a lot more success achieving this goal although it generally goes
unnoticed by the international community. One of the UN's greatest successes was their
eradication of polio in Africa. This went along way to bettering the health and living conditions of
many of the worlds poorest people. The UN has also helped lower the percentage of people living
on less than $2 a day to drop by 8% and there establishment of the World Food Program aimed to
bring assistance to more than 90 million people in 75 countries, primarily in those emergency
situations, such as to the victims of war, civil conflict and natural disasters, to give them food and
monitor it's use to ensure all victimized receive fair amounts of aid. However the UN has had
difficulty intervening in countries where these incidents occur, as member states may disagree with
the UN on how to distribute aid, such as occurred with the 2004 Boxing Day tsunami when nations
such as India and Thailand
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Importance Of The United Nations
The United Nations is known to promote world stability, keep peace around the globe and to
promote international co–operation between countries. The United Nations currently helps 193
countries. Not only do they help with the political side of things, they also help countries that do not
have the proper necessities to survive such as food, water, and shelter as well as countries that have
suffered through a natural disaster and need help rebuilding. There are still many third world
countries in today's society, the United Nations help these countries reduce poverty, deal with
financial and economical issues, and help develop the country to reach its full potential. The UN
constantly wants to do what is right by protecting citizens' rights...show more content...
Lastly, the World Bank and International Monetary Fund are two institutions within the UN that
help to develop countries socially and economically by helping them with debt and jobs so that
they can survive. The UN has many organizations that provide health and relief aid as well as
organizations that provide finance which is why they are still a major contributor in our world. One
of the United Nations biggest accomplishments is stabilizing the world and creating a better world
for future generations. Many volunteers and peacekeepers are helping civilians to get through their
struggles by helping them retrieve their basic human rights. Unfortunately, many countries are so
corrupt that nothing can be done to help the innocent civilians. However, the UN has made
mistakes in the past and are constantly trying to improve on what can be done within certain
corrupt countries. For example, in Sudan multiple villages were attacked where many civilians
lived which resulted in close to 300,000 people getting killed. The UN did not want to get involved
so they asked members of the African Union to negotiate. This is a clear example that if the
government wants to attack, they will attack. The best solution is for peacekeepers to keep their
heads down and stay away rather than getting involved and potentially getting killed. The war in
Sudan has been continuous for decades and the only thing that
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The Purpose Of The United Nations
It is taken for granted that the pursuit of peace is a worthy pursuit. We, the human race, have
dedicated enormous efforts to that noble pursuit. The United Nations, one of the most important and
powerful organizations in the world was created just for that purpose. The first article of the UN
charter reads, "The Purposes of the United Nations are: To maintain international peace and security,
and to that end: to take effective collective measures for the prevention and removal of threats to the
peace".
Few would argue that there is anything more important than this. The question then, is how to attain
it. One popular idea is that a specific form of government is inherently less war–like than any other:
Democracy.
The idea that democracy leads...show more content...
An aristocrat himself, and a relative of the deposed Qajar family, he was nonetheless a man of the
people, and he became the leading voice for Iranian nationalization of the oil industry. Educated in
France and Switzerland, Mossadegh, at 67 in 1949, was surprising old for a revolutionary figure.
He was small, frail, and prone to fainting, and was often likened to Mahatma Gandhi, similarly
exceptionally strong of spirit despite his physical characteristics. Even those opposed to his policies
could not help but admire him. Henry Grady, the US ambassador to Iran from 1950–1951, said of
Mossadegh that he was "a man of great intelligence, wit, and education –– a cultured Persian
gentleman".Mossadegh had been an active politician in Iran since his early twenties, mostly as a
member of the Majlis, the Iranian parliament, but had retired from politics in 1925 in protest
towards the coup overthrowing the Qajar dynasty. He returned to the Majlis in 1941 following Reza
Shah Pahlavi's abdication. Mossadegh was a fervent nationalist, and he soon became the leading
figure of the nationalization
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Essay on The United Nations Charter
A. The United Nations Charter
The United Nations (UN) is one of the most important international organizations to ever be
assembled. Since it was founded after the end of World War II in 1945 to replace its predecessor,
the League of Nations, the UN has strived to maintain world peace and facilitate cooperation in
solving international problems. Without the watch of the UN, many more international issues
between states would have ended in serious conflicts and numerous human rights violations would
have occurred throughout the world. The UN has proven to be very successful in meeting its goals
since its inception. These goals, as well as the key principles of the UN, can be found in the Charter
of the United Nations, an...show more content...
Many states agreed to join the league such as France and Britain, but the United States, who's
President had originally promoted the creation of the League of Nations, ended up not joining
after the US Senate opposed Wilson's proposal to enter into it. The United States' refusal to join
the league greatly weakened it and prevented it from fully meeting its goals. Though it was at
least somewhat successful, the emergence of World War II proved just how much weaker the
League of Nations was than how it had originally been billed to be. During the time when World
War II was ongoing, the idea for a new international organization to replace the League of Nations
was brought up at some point. The problems that were associated with the League of Nations
were quickly being recognized and the need for a better, stronger organization could be seen by
many. Very soon after World War II finally finished in 1945, the United Nations was finally
established on October 24, 1945 when the Charter of the United Nations was signed by 51
countries, this time including the United States (Baylis, Smith, and Owens, 2008, ch. 18, p. 314).
By the year 2006, 192 countries would be called members of the United Nations, which was almost
every state in the world (Baylis et. al., 2008, ch. 18, p. 314). According to the Charter of the United
Nations, there are four
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The Purposes Of The United Nations Essay
The Purposes of the United nations are:
1. To maintain international peace and security, and to that end: to take effective collective measures
for the prevention and removal of threats to the peace, and for the suppression of acts of aggression
or other breaches of the peace, and to bring about by peaceful means, and in conformity with the
principles of justice and internal law, adjustment or settlement of international disputes or situations
which might lead to a breach of the peace;
2. To develop friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and
self determination of peoples, and to take other appropriate measures to strengthen universal peace;
3. To achieve international cooperation in solving internal problems of an economic, social, cultural,
or humanitarian character and in promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and for
fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion (Charter, 1).
On June 25, 1945 the United Nations Charter was signed, setting the framework for economic, social
and political reform (Patterson, UN, 20) By October 24, 1945,
the United Nations had become an official organization. Two months later, by December 27, the UN
Charter had 51 signatures, making it a new world power with the ultimate aim for peace and
humanitarian efforts. The preamble to the Charter of the United Nations states:
We the peoples of the United Nations [are] determined to save
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The United Nations Essay
The United Nations
The United Nations, with its rigid moral and political limitations against force, has become a
benchmark of peace and a social achievement of modern times. From war torn Europe, the United
Nations developed from five major powers with an initial goal to prevent the spread of warfare
through peaceful means and to establish and maintain fundamental human rights. Through the past
fifty years, this organization has broadened its horizons with auxiliary organizations from peace
keeping missions to humanitarian aid, to economic development. However, in a modern example
of ethnic cleansing, the UN faces new a new role as a bystander as its power is bypassed by NATO
forces. The UN, however, promises to be an...show more content...
However, the League, once secure used its representatives' power and presence as a threat, but did
not follow through with such threats when major opposition arose. For example, in the 1930s, the
League of Nations "possessed neither the will nor the means to stop them [fascist dictators in Italy,
Germany, and Japan]" (Patterson, UN, 14). Although this organization did little to prevent the
Second World War in 1939, it did pave the way for humanitarian aid efforts to refugees and helped
to resolve a number of border disputes before the war. Following the second of the World Wars, the
League of Nations was replaced by the modern United Nations. This organization's aims were
similar to their predecessor's, to maintain harmony through settling border disputes and to offer
humanitarian aid wherever necessary, but the UN's charter states further that tolerance and equality
is necessary in peace: The Purposes of the United nations are: 1. To maintain international peace
and security, and to that end: to take effective collective measures for the prevention and removal
of threats to the peace, and for the suppression of acts of aggression or other breaches of the peace,
and to bring about by peaceful means, and in conformity with the principles of justice and internal
law, adjustment or settlement of international disputes or situations which might lead to a breach of
the peace; 2. To develop friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of
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Globalization Of The United Nations
Globalization in the contemporary world means that transnational relationships are both extensive
and intensive (Held et al., 1999) Interdependence is inevitable. It is this interdependence that has
created an impetus towards a form of global governance. Governance is a concept as old as history,
enacting it on a global scale, though not an entirely new concept, has become increasingly popular
in recent years. Intrinsic to any understanding of governance, global or national is the concept of
power. My research question is examining the interaction between these concepts of power and
global governance, followed by a particular focus on the United Nations.
As an intergovernmental organization, the United Nations has been very active on the world stage,
attempting to find consensus and pursue progress between states, and other major groups. Within the
many areas of concern to the United Nations, global development holds a particular position of
importance, and they have made many different efforts in its pursuit. The most notable and global of
these has been the Millennium Development Goals, which were established as global targets at the
United Nations Millennium Summit. The post–2015 development agenda is the latest pursuit of the
UN, following on from the Millennium Development Goals, on the road to full global development.
The Millennium Development Goals were put together at the beginning of the 21st century, while
the importance of global governance was changing. The end
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Role of the United Nations Essay
In its forty years of existence, the UN has grown into several roles in the international community,
hitherto left undone by the system of states. The UN must rely on soft power for those measures
beyond its own capacity and thus is easily undermined. Nevertheless, the ideological underpinnings
seem to be slowly strengthening the UN's reach as its standards for political, economical,
environmental, and human right issues become more and more adopted throughout the world. The
UN plays several unique roles in the international community; the most important are facilitator,
advisor, and actor. If you look at the existence of the UN in terms of political IR theory, it is really
significant that it is able to fulfill these roles as much...show more content...
Economic sanctions in particular have a much higher chance of achieving the desired result if
they are multilateral instead of stemming from a few, individual countries. Therefore, the
facilitation of discussion is one of the most important things that the UN alone is able to do.
Even if no specific plan of action is decided upon, the potential for representation and dialogue is
unique in our international system, and the efforts of the UN go a long way. The facilitator role is
certainly a reflection of ideological beliefs, because the success of any UN body or resolution rests
on the members acting on what needs to be done overall instead of their individual interests. In
practice, this is frequently not accomplished, but still the UN continues to hold its members to its
standards in whatever way possible. A very common criticism of the UN is that it disproportionately
represents the top five global powers, the permanent members of the security council, because each
state has the ability to veto any resolution that isn't advantageous to their state. This argument,
however, leaves out two important points. First, even a biased resolution is going to be necessarily
more representative than any kind of cooperation would have been if the UN did not exist. Second,
the ideological attitude of promoting global responsibility is being slowly
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The United Nations Organization (UNO) officially came into existence in October 1945 after the
Second World War. It was formed to replace the League of Nations, which had proved incapable
of restraining aggressive dictators like Hitler and Mussolini. In setting up the UNO, the great
powers tried to eliminate some of the weaknesses, which had handicapped the league. The UN
charter was drawn up in San Francisco in 1945, and was based on proposals made at an earlier
meeting between the USSR USA China and Britain held at Dumbarton Oaks (USA) in 1944 The
aims of the UN are to Preserve peace and eliminate war Remove cause of conflict by encouraging
economic social educational scientific and cultural progress throughout the world...show more
content...
This left the UN open to accusations of indecision and lack of firmness. It caused some states to
put more faith in their own regional organization such as NATO for keeping peace, and many
agreements were worked out without involvement of the UN; for example , the end of the
Vietnam war, the Camp David peace between Israel and Egypt in 1979 and the settlement of
Rhodesia/Zimbabwe problem in the same year. All this time, critics were claiming that the UN
was becoming irrelevant and was no more than an arena for propaganda speeches. Part of the
problem was that the Security Council was hampered by the veto which its permanent members
could use. Although the "Uniting Force Resolution" could offset this to some extent, the veto
still could cause long delays before decisive action was taken. Anthony Parsons, for many years
the UK Permanent Representative at the UN, gives two recent examples, of which early action
might have prevented the war "If a potential aggressor knew that his forces would be met by the
UN armed force, equipped and mandated to fight, this would be a powerful disincentive....Such a
force, if deployed on Kuwait side of the Iraqi/Kuwait frontier in 1990, or on the Croatian side of
the Serbia /Croatia border in 1991, might well have prevented hostilities for breaking out" The
increased membership of the UN during the 1970's By 1970 members from the Third World were in
clear majority. As these nations began to work more and more
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The Creation Of The United Nations
The creation of the United Nations (UN), the largest organization in the world introduced a new
reform for collective security around the world after the failure of the League of Nations. Such a
reform is vital for the international community as it zealously promotes concord and security, which
is the most important goal in the 21st century. Thus, has the UN been successful in promoting
international peace and security? To an extent, they have been when it comes to certain economical,
humanitarian and environmental conflicts that occur within particular situations. However, one
must take into account that the UN has failed in promoting such an itinerary when it came to the
nuclear proliferation, the failure to uphold amity in Sri Lanka, Rwanda and Srebrenica Massacre.
The failure of the League of Nations caused the establishment of the United Nations after the Second
World War in 1945. "After the establishment of the UN in 1945, the world became divided
ideologically into two camps, whose leaders the USSR and the US treated each other in total
suspicion and appeared to oppose each other on every major issue."(Diel Latif) It was impossible to
create international peace and security when the world has been divided into two camps who
distrusted and oppose each other.
As a matter of fact, when Ceylon was under the rule of the British they imported labors from the
southern state of India, Tamil Nadu. After the British colonial rule ended, Ceylon was given
independence in
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Essay on The Formation of the United Nations
The Formation of the United Nations
Before the United Nations organization was formed we lived in a world of uncertainty where
any misunderstanding could lead to a massive world war. Since the United Nations was formed,
many issues have been resolved and a number of new groups have been created to make the world
more peaceful. The United Nation's intentions are aimed for the future race of people. Their hope is
that one day we can all set aside our differences and live together as one. Human kind has fought
many wars over a variety of issues; however, the advent of a unified international organization has
changed the world and set goals for humanity's future.
The United Nations was established in the aftermath of a devastating...show more content...
That organization was the United Nations" (Woog 31). The decision for a new alliance was actually
thought about during World War II. It was a meeting at St. James' Palace in London that brought
together representatives from the different nations involved with the war. Then shortly after British
prime minister, Winston Churchill and US president, Theodore Roosevelt came together and signed
a Inter–Allied pact. American diplomat Clark Eichelberger said:
Somehow, millions of people in the world tonight, hearing of the Roosevelt–Churchill Conference,
feel that they have been snatched from the brink of disaster and their feet put upon the road to
victory and world organization. It will be a long road, entailing many hardships—even, as
Mr. Churchill predicted for his country, blood, sweat, toil, and tears. But it is the only road that
will lead to victory and permanent peace. It is the road that the American people, with other brave
nations, must travel (qtd. in Woog 33). On New Year's Day 1942 the new Allies signed a pledge of
mutual support, the Declarations of United Nations. In that document it stated the 26 signers were
"convinced that complete victory over their enemies is essential to defend life, liberty, independence,
and religious freedom, and to preserve human rights and justice in their own lands as well
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The League Of Nations And The United Nations
– After the first world war, the first organization which will bring countries together was the League
of Nations. the League of Nations was urgent to maintain a strategic distance from a redundancy of
the abhorrences of the Great War. The primary points of the association included demobilization,
avoiding war through aggregate security, settling question between nations through transaction and
discretion, and enhancing worldwide welfare. Unfortunately, they failed and their failures caused
the second world war. Then, after the world war II decided to replace the League of Nations by a
new organization named the United Nations. Their main goals were maintaining international peace
and security and to give a worldwide institutional structure through which states can here and there
settle conflicts with less dependence on the utilization of power. The six main organs of the United
Nations are the General Assembly, the Security Gathering, the Trusteeship Council, the Economic
and Social Council, the International Court of Justice, and the Secretariat Every organs has an
alternate part. For example, the General Assembly is the principal deliberative organ of the United
Nations involved all Member States(in which five great powers and ten pivoting part states settle
on choices about worldwide peace and security), each of which has one vote, regardless of its size
or impact. It might talk about any matter emerging under the UN Charter. Choices on worldwide
peace and security,
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United Nations Research Paper
The United Nations was bestowed with a great responsibility in trying to keep the peace between the
nations. After the hurt, death, and destruction of the first World War, the nations thought it would be
an excellent idea to create some kind organization or treaty to keep the peace between the nations. It
was not until the second World War when Pearl Harbor and the Atomic Bomb in 1942 that they
finally followed through with their idea and created a treaty to keep the peace. In every
governmental program, they have their successes and their failures. In my opinion, everyone and
everything has room for improvement because in this world is constantly evolving and the need of
people are always changing. So the world hopes that with this international...show more content...
By mid–June 1945 there was yet another meeting where 51 nations came together and signed the
Charter of United Nations this document laid out the obligations and rights of each country to keep
peace in the world (Basic Facts About the United Nations). Each of those nations is responsible for
trying to ensure that the generations to come will not have to bear witness to the horror, pain, and
destruction from war like the ones their generation had to witness not once but twice. The United
Nations is set up to smooth over any conflicts they encounter with peace unless they must defend
themselves. These nations are to work together to maintain peace and security and to maintain
friendly relations when solving international economic, humanitarian, social, and cultural issues.
The home base for this operation is in New York City since 1942, and each year the 193 Member
States meet. They call this the General Assembly where the head generals of the United Nations
come together to go over budget, debate problems, and elect a new president of the UN that serves
a sentence of one year. It has grown in these seventy plus years and now has multiple divisions that
get sent out each for a different and particular problem. There is a Security Council which is the
main group,
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Introduction
About the United Nations
The United Nations is an international organization, which was founded in 1945 after the Second
World War, committed to providing the means to help resolve international conflicts and formulate
policies on matters affecting human beings all over the world (Wikipedia). The organization is
committed to maintaining international peace and security, developing friendly relations among
nations and promoting social progress, better living standards and human rights (Wikipedia).
'Ensuring environmental sustainability', climate change being one of the major factors, is one of the
millennium development goals of the UN. The United Nations Environment Programme, UNEP,
along with many organizations/agencies under the UN, collaboratively work towards achieving this
goal.
About the Chosen Aspect of Study
'How does the United Nations support the millennium development goal of promoting environmental
sustainability by limiting climate change in South and North America?' This investigation shall
focus on the previously mentioned question as this a very interesting topic to further research on,
also as I believe that the UN has played an enormous role in promoting environmental sustainability
in South and North America, and therefore would make a good topic to further research on. This
topic is worthy of studying as by knowing of what many before us have done to protect and sustain
the environment, we can look into aiding the environment to a
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United Nations : An International Organization
UNITED NATIONS DESCRIPTION: The United Nations is an international organization
established to promote intercontinental support. Therefore, the main role of the United Nations is
to maintain international peace and security, to develop friendly relations among nations, to
promote respect for human rights and to coordinate aid in disaster situations and to provide help
on global issues such as drug trafficking and the environment. STRUCTURE: The UN today has
192 Member States who express their opinions through the following institutions. They are all
located in New York: The General Assembly debates issues and recommends actions. The Security
Council authorizes economic and military actions in settling disputes. The Economic and Social
Council sponsors trades and human rights organizations. The International Court of Justice
decides questions of international law. The Trusteeship Council controls territories under UN
supervision. The Secretariat is the Administrator of the UN and coordinates work in UN
agencies. HISTORY: In 1919 the League of Nations was created by the Treaty of Versailles in
order to keep peace and security between nations after the First World War. It was made of 58
members but there were some significant problems with the organisation, as it had no army or
power on its own. As a result of this, the League of Nations failed to prevent the Second World War
and was replaced by the United Nations in 1945. CASE STUDY: The United Nations
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Essay on United Nations Intervention
There are millions of people that wish for peace every day. If those people of today's world cannot
have peace, they want to avoid any form of violence. Canada is a very good example of a peaceful
lifestyle. Unfortunately, this state is not common to every country. In 1945, an international
organization called United Nations was created in order to try to fix this kind of problem around the
world. This is done by intervening in several countries in order to bring peace. Among these
interventions, many were situated on the African continent: Sudan, South Africa, Sierra Leone and
Somalia are some examples of countries that got the help of the United Nations. What determines the
United Nations final decision whether to intervene in African...show more content...
It is composed of 15 members: five of them are permanent members (China, France, Russia, United
Kingdom and United–States) and ten are elected for a two–year period. The special side of this
organ is that the five permanent members have a veto power. This means that if one of the
countries does not agree with the decision, it can give a negative vote and the proposal will be
rejected. (Department of Public Information: 1995, p.9) Now, here is the explanation for actions or
inactivity of UN in two important African conflicts.
To begin, one of the conflicts in which the United Nations was involved is the conflict in South
Africa. The problems in this country originally began in 1948 when the new South African
Government imposed an apartheid policy (apartheid is an African word meaning separateness).
This new policy was one of discrimination and racial separation. The population of South Africa
was separated into four groups: Black, White, Coloured and Indian. The Black Africans represented
the majority of the population in South Africa, but with this new policy, all of their rights (liberty,
participation in politic, and so on) have been removed. They were forced to have identity cards and
they were forced to live in the worst areas of the country: the most arid and infertile areas.
(Department of Public Information: 1995, p.207–208)
This problem was first heard by the UN in 1946 (before the institution of the apartheid), when India
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The Issues Of The United Nations Essay
INTRODUCTION
THE ISSUES
The United Nations turns fifty–five this year and, like many individuals facing middle age, it
worries about the future. Created as a bold experiment in collective security amid the ruins of World
War II, the U.N. has many accomplishes to its credit, from successfully mediating numerous peace
accords to the countless ways it has improved economic and living conditions in less developed
countries.
When the leaders toasted the U.N.'s past accomplishes in 1995, the primary topic behind the scenes
was what was to be done about the U.N.'s current travails in the former Yugoslavia. As they celebrate
this year, might the topic be on how they failed and had to have the North Atlantic Treaty
Organization take over the peacekeeping forces and bombing raids?
The civil war in Bosnia–Herzegovina is now over, but the U.N. peacekeepers were powerless to
stop the aggression of Bosnian Serbs against the majority Muslim population. Images of
blue–helmeted U.N. solders taken hostage by Serb forces have cast a pall on the world body's
anniversary events.
The failure of the U.N. peacekeeping mission to Bosnia has called into question the very heart of the
organization's mandate. It also had precipitated a political crisis in Washington.
Neither Congress nor the White House wanted to send U.S. ground troops to Bosnia. But Congress
had approved legislation requiring that the president unilaterally end U.S. participation in a
U.N.–imposed arms embargo against
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The Complexity of the United Nations
I choose this topic to reflect more about the complexity of the UN as an organization. In this paper I
want to present an overview standpoint of documents, publications, databases and websites to show
the history and the different branches in the organization and raise some of the accusations behind
the peacekeepers.
After the First World War, people felt the necessity of an international organization with the task of
maintaining global peace. After the 1st World War the League of Nations was the outcome of that
feeling, but it was found that nations were unwilling to give any international authority the
jurisdiction over their lands. But after the result of these selfish policies the Second World War
started. At the close of this second catastrophic war, the minds of men turned again to evoke a more
effective world organization, to establish peace and mutual understanding.
"Chapter I of the United Nations Charter lay out the purposes and principles of the United Nations
organization. These principles include the equality and self–determination of nations, respect of
human rights and fundamental freedoms."
This organization was planned at a Conference of Nations held at Dumbarton Oaks, U.S.A., and at
another held a few months later at San Francisco. It was named the United Nations Organization
(UNO) and was inaugurated on October 24, 1945. Now, membership has doubled since its
inauguration with 192 member states. New members are admitted if the five sponsoring nations,
USA,
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United Nations Sustainable Development Goals On September 15th, 2015 United Nation leaders
created and embraced the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) but it was not until January
1st, 2016 that the goals came into full effect ("Sustainable Development Agenda," 2016). The
purpose of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals is to combat poverty and hunger,
ensure well–being, reduce inequality, protect land, secure clean water, and manage climate
change("Sustainable Development Agenda," 2016). These goals expanded on the achievements of the
Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and now include peace and justice, sustainable
consumption, and go further in undertaking issues of poverty ("Sustainable Development Agenda,"
2016). The SDGs include solving issues of hunger, education, gender equality, economic growth,
peace, climate action, clean energy, and clean water and sanitation. They present clear regulations for
nations to incorporate into their daily routines to provide better lives for future generations. Although
the SDGs are not binding contracts, governments and leaders are expected to work together and
follow through on ensuring that progress and development is being made. The new development
goals require that all countries, impoverished and affluent alike, do their part in protecting their
environment and making sure that they are making headway. The SDGs are a 15–year plan that
focus on building a healthy and fair future for the world and its inhabitants
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Essay About United Nations

  • 1. It is often argued that the single consistent, unifying factor of governance throughout the history of mankind has been war. In our contemporary society and nearly every civilization that has preceded it, warfare has pertained to governance as governance has pertained to warfare–whether as a diplomatic last resort, or as a means for implementing imperial, territorial expansion. Yet, when applied on the international level, the question arises: by what authority is the right to govern granted? If war is a means to this authority, is it through the blind, tumultuous, violent struggle for power, or is it grounded in a universal moral absolute? Put another way, do we assert that governance is determined by arbitrary might or by absolute right?...show more content... The Charter itself was created primarily from proposals determined by representatives from China, the United States, the Soviet Union, and the United Kingdom. It was established largely in reaction to the failure of preceding organizations such as the League of Nations to prevent war, in addition to the catastrophic destruction caused by WWI and WWII (UN, "History"). The Charter outlines four principle purposes for all members of the UN: "1) to maintain international peace and security; 2) to develop friendly relations among nations; 3) to cooperate in solving international problems and in promoting respect for human rights; 4) and to be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations" (UN, "Brief"). Today, the UN is composed of 192 countries , including the United States. All agree to adhere to the regulations of the Charter upon becoming member states. The structure of the UN as outlined by the Charter is complex, and for the sake of brevity I will only mention one internal component: the Security Council. According to the United Nations' website, this group is responsible for implementing global peace, and consists of 15 members. Ten of these are elected temporarily, and the other 5–China, France, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom, and the Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 2. The United Nations is one institute of global governance which was established on the 24th of October 1951 with the aim of keeping peace throughout the world, developing friendly relations between nations and working with member states to help people "live better lives" by eliminating poverty, disease and illiteracy in the world and encouraging respect for each other's rights and freedoms. The UN was set up to reflect the power structures that emerged out of the second world war, hence the permanent members of the security council are the USA, UK, Russia, France and China. Each of these nations has power of veto over the decisions of the Security Council and in recent years this has greatly reduced the power of the UN to fulfill its own...show more content... As Russia is a member of the big 5 the UN remains powerless to do anything about the Russian occupation of Crimea as any proposed action is vetoed by the Russian government. However when the UN has been able to get the big five to agree upon action it has often seen many positive results such as the implementation of no fly zones in Syria which went along way to helping overthrow the corrupt Gaddafi regime. Another of the UN's main aims is to help people "live better lives". The UN has had a lot more success achieving this goal although it generally goes unnoticed by the international community. One of the UN's greatest successes was their eradication of polio in Africa. This went along way to bettering the health and living conditions of many of the worlds poorest people. The UN has also helped lower the percentage of people living on less than $2 a day to drop by 8% and there establishment of the World Food Program aimed to bring assistance to more than 90 million people in 75 countries, primarily in those emergency situations, such as to the victims of war, civil conflict and natural disasters, to give them food and monitor it's use to ensure all victimized receive fair amounts of aid. However the UN has had difficulty intervening in countries where these incidents occur, as member states may disagree with the UN on how to distribute aid, such as occurred with the 2004 Boxing Day tsunami when nations such as India and Thailand Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 3. Importance Of The United Nations The United Nations is known to promote world stability, keep peace around the globe and to promote international co–operation between countries. The United Nations currently helps 193 countries. Not only do they help with the political side of things, they also help countries that do not have the proper necessities to survive such as food, water, and shelter as well as countries that have suffered through a natural disaster and need help rebuilding. There are still many third world countries in today's society, the United Nations help these countries reduce poverty, deal with financial and economical issues, and help develop the country to reach its full potential. The UN constantly wants to do what is right by protecting citizens' rights...show more content... Lastly, the World Bank and International Monetary Fund are two institutions within the UN that help to develop countries socially and economically by helping them with debt and jobs so that they can survive. The UN has many organizations that provide health and relief aid as well as organizations that provide finance which is why they are still a major contributor in our world. One of the United Nations biggest accomplishments is stabilizing the world and creating a better world for future generations. Many volunteers and peacekeepers are helping civilians to get through their struggles by helping them retrieve their basic human rights. Unfortunately, many countries are so corrupt that nothing can be done to help the innocent civilians. However, the UN has made mistakes in the past and are constantly trying to improve on what can be done within certain corrupt countries. For example, in Sudan multiple villages were attacked where many civilians lived which resulted in close to 300,000 people getting killed. The UN did not want to get involved so they asked members of the African Union to negotiate. This is a clear example that if the government wants to attack, they will attack. The best solution is for peacekeepers to keep their heads down and stay away rather than getting involved and potentially getting killed. The war in Sudan has been continuous for decades and the only thing that Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 4. The Purpose Of The United Nations It is taken for granted that the pursuit of peace is a worthy pursuit. We, the human race, have dedicated enormous efforts to that noble pursuit. The United Nations, one of the most important and powerful organizations in the world was created just for that purpose. The first article of the UN charter reads, "The Purposes of the United Nations are: To maintain international peace and security, and to that end: to take effective collective measures for the prevention and removal of threats to the peace". Few would argue that there is anything more important than this. The question then, is how to attain it. One popular idea is that a specific form of government is inherently less war–like than any other: Democracy. The idea that democracy leads...show more content... An aristocrat himself, and a relative of the deposed Qajar family, he was nonetheless a man of the people, and he became the leading voice for Iranian nationalization of the oil industry. Educated in France and Switzerland, Mossadegh, at 67 in 1949, was surprising old for a revolutionary figure. He was small, frail, and prone to fainting, and was often likened to Mahatma Gandhi, similarly exceptionally strong of spirit despite his physical characteristics. Even those opposed to his policies could not help but admire him. Henry Grady, the US ambassador to Iran from 1950–1951, said of Mossadegh that he was "a man of great intelligence, wit, and education –– a cultured Persian gentleman".Mossadegh had been an active politician in Iran since his early twenties, mostly as a member of the Majlis, the Iranian parliament, but had retired from politics in 1925 in protest towards the coup overthrowing the Qajar dynasty. He returned to the Majlis in 1941 following Reza Shah Pahlavi's abdication. Mossadegh was a fervent nationalist, and he soon became the leading figure of the nationalization Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 5. Essay on The United Nations Charter A. The United Nations Charter The United Nations (UN) is one of the most important international organizations to ever be assembled. Since it was founded after the end of World War II in 1945 to replace its predecessor, the League of Nations, the UN has strived to maintain world peace and facilitate cooperation in solving international problems. Without the watch of the UN, many more international issues between states would have ended in serious conflicts and numerous human rights violations would have occurred throughout the world. The UN has proven to be very successful in meeting its goals since its inception. These goals, as well as the key principles of the UN, can be found in the Charter of the United Nations, an...show more content... Many states agreed to join the league such as France and Britain, but the United States, who's President had originally promoted the creation of the League of Nations, ended up not joining after the US Senate opposed Wilson's proposal to enter into it. The United States' refusal to join the league greatly weakened it and prevented it from fully meeting its goals. Though it was at least somewhat successful, the emergence of World War II proved just how much weaker the League of Nations was than how it had originally been billed to be. During the time when World War II was ongoing, the idea for a new international organization to replace the League of Nations was brought up at some point. The problems that were associated with the League of Nations were quickly being recognized and the need for a better, stronger organization could be seen by many. Very soon after World War II finally finished in 1945, the United Nations was finally established on October 24, 1945 when the Charter of the United Nations was signed by 51 countries, this time including the United States (Baylis, Smith, and Owens, 2008, ch. 18, p. 314). By the year 2006, 192 countries would be called members of the United Nations, which was almost every state in the world (Baylis et. al., 2008, ch. 18, p. 314). According to the Charter of the United Nations, there are four Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 6. The Purposes Of The United Nations Essay The Purposes of the United nations are: 1. To maintain international peace and security, and to that end: to take effective collective measures for the prevention and removal of threats to the peace, and for the suppression of acts of aggression or other breaches of the peace, and to bring about by peaceful means, and in conformity with the principles of justice and internal law, adjustment or settlement of international disputes or situations which might lead to a breach of the peace; 2. To develop friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self determination of peoples, and to take other appropriate measures to strengthen universal peace; 3. To achieve international cooperation in solving internal problems of an economic, social, cultural, or humanitarian character and in promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion (Charter, 1). On June 25, 1945 the United Nations Charter was signed, setting the framework for economic, social and political reform (Patterson, UN, 20) By October 24, 1945, the United Nations had become an official organization. Two months later, by December 27, the UN Charter had 51 signatures, making it a new world power with the ultimate aim for peace and humanitarian efforts. The preamble to the Charter of the United Nations states: We the peoples of the United Nations [are] determined to save Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 7. The United Nations Essay The United Nations The United Nations, with its rigid moral and political limitations against force, has become a benchmark of peace and a social achievement of modern times. From war torn Europe, the United Nations developed from five major powers with an initial goal to prevent the spread of warfare through peaceful means and to establish and maintain fundamental human rights. Through the past fifty years, this organization has broadened its horizons with auxiliary organizations from peace keeping missions to humanitarian aid, to economic development. However, in a modern example of ethnic cleansing, the UN faces new a new role as a bystander as its power is bypassed by NATO forces. The UN, however, promises to be an...show more content... However, the League, once secure used its representatives' power and presence as a threat, but did not follow through with such threats when major opposition arose. For example, in the 1930s, the League of Nations "possessed neither the will nor the means to stop them [fascist dictators in Italy, Germany, and Japan]" (Patterson, UN, 14). Although this organization did little to prevent the Second World War in 1939, it did pave the way for humanitarian aid efforts to refugees and helped to resolve a number of border disputes before the war. Following the second of the World Wars, the League of Nations was replaced by the modern United Nations. This organization's aims were similar to their predecessor's, to maintain harmony through settling border disputes and to offer humanitarian aid wherever necessary, but the UN's charter states further that tolerance and equality is necessary in peace: The Purposes of the United nations are: 1. To maintain international peace and security, and to that end: to take effective collective measures for the prevention and removal of threats to the peace, and for the suppression of acts of aggression or other breaches of the peace, and to bring about by peaceful means, and in conformity with the principles of justice and internal law, adjustment or settlement of international disputes or situations which might lead to a breach of the peace; 2. To develop friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 8. Globalization Of The United Nations Globalization in the contemporary world means that transnational relationships are both extensive and intensive (Held et al., 1999) Interdependence is inevitable. It is this interdependence that has created an impetus towards a form of global governance. Governance is a concept as old as history, enacting it on a global scale, though not an entirely new concept, has become increasingly popular in recent years. Intrinsic to any understanding of governance, global or national is the concept of power. My research question is examining the interaction between these concepts of power and global governance, followed by a particular focus on the United Nations. As an intergovernmental organization, the United Nations has been very active on the world stage, attempting to find consensus and pursue progress between states, and other major groups. Within the many areas of concern to the United Nations, global development holds a particular position of importance, and they have made many different efforts in its pursuit. The most notable and global of these has been the Millennium Development Goals, which were established as global targets at the United Nations Millennium Summit. The post–2015 development agenda is the latest pursuit of the UN, following on from the Millennium Development Goals, on the road to full global development. The Millennium Development Goals were put together at the beginning of the 21st century, while the importance of global governance was changing. The end Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 9. Role of the United Nations Essay In its forty years of existence, the UN has grown into several roles in the international community, hitherto left undone by the system of states. The UN must rely on soft power for those measures beyond its own capacity and thus is easily undermined. Nevertheless, the ideological underpinnings seem to be slowly strengthening the UN's reach as its standards for political, economical, environmental, and human right issues become more and more adopted throughout the world. The UN plays several unique roles in the international community; the most important are facilitator, advisor, and actor. If you look at the existence of the UN in terms of political IR theory, it is really significant that it is able to fulfill these roles as much...show more content... Economic sanctions in particular have a much higher chance of achieving the desired result if they are multilateral instead of stemming from a few, individual countries. Therefore, the facilitation of discussion is one of the most important things that the UN alone is able to do. Even if no specific plan of action is decided upon, the potential for representation and dialogue is unique in our international system, and the efforts of the UN go a long way. The facilitator role is certainly a reflection of ideological beliefs, because the success of any UN body or resolution rests on the members acting on what needs to be done overall instead of their individual interests. In practice, this is frequently not accomplished, but still the UN continues to hold its members to its standards in whatever way possible. A very common criticism of the UN is that it disproportionately represents the top five global powers, the permanent members of the security council, because each state has the ability to veto any resolution that isn't advantageous to their state. This argument, however, leaves out two important points. First, even a biased resolution is going to be necessarily more representative than any kind of cooperation would have been if the UN did not exist. Second, the ideological attitude of promoting global responsibility is being slowly Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 10. The United Nations Organization (UNO) officially came into existence in October 1945 after the Second World War. It was formed to replace the League of Nations, which had proved incapable of restraining aggressive dictators like Hitler and Mussolini. In setting up the UNO, the great powers tried to eliminate some of the weaknesses, which had handicapped the league. The UN charter was drawn up in San Francisco in 1945, and was based on proposals made at an earlier meeting between the USSR USA China and Britain held at Dumbarton Oaks (USA) in 1944 The aims of the UN are to Preserve peace and eliminate war Remove cause of conflict by encouraging economic social educational scientific and cultural progress throughout the world...show more content... This left the UN open to accusations of indecision and lack of firmness. It caused some states to put more faith in their own regional organization such as NATO for keeping peace, and many agreements were worked out without involvement of the UN; for example , the end of the Vietnam war, the Camp David peace between Israel and Egypt in 1979 and the settlement of Rhodesia/Zimbabwe problem in the same year. All this time, critics were claiming that the UN was becoming irrelevant and was no more than an arena for propaganda speeches. Part of the problem was that the Security Council was hampered by the veto which its permanent members could use. Although the "Uniting Force Resolution" could offset this to some extent, the veto still could cause long delays before decisive action was taken. Anthony Parsons, for many years the UK Permanent Representative at the UN, gives two recent examples, of which early action might have prevented the war "If a potential aggressor knew that his forces would be met by the UN armed force, equipped and mandated to fight, this would be a powerful disincentive....Such a force, if deployed on Kuwait side of the Iraqi/Kuwait frontier in 1990, or on the Croatian side of the Serbia /Croatia border in 1991, might well have prevented hostilities for breaking out" The increased membership of the UN during the 1970's By 1970 members from the Third World were in clear majority. As these nations began to work more and more Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 11. The Creation Of The United Nations The creation of the United Nations (UN), the largest organization in the world introduced a new reform for collective security around the world after the failure of the League of Nations. Such a reform is vital for the international community as it zealously promotes concord and security, which is the most important goal in the 21st century. Thus, has the UN been successful in promoting international peace and security? To an extent, they have been when it comes to certain economical, humanitarian and environmental conflicts that occur within particular situations. However, one must take into account that the UN has failed in promoting such an itinerary when it came to the nuclear proliferation, the failure to uphold amity in Sri Lanka, Rwanda and Srebrenica Massacre. The failure of the League of Nations caused the establishment of the United Nations after the Second World War in 1945. "After the establishment of the UN in 1945, the world became divided ideologically into two camps, whose leaders the USSR and the US treated each other in total suspicion and appeared to oppose each other on every major issue."(Diel Latif) It was impossible to create international peace and security when the world has been divided into two camps who distrusted and oppose each other. As a matter of fact, when Ceylon was under the rule of the British they imported labors from the southern state of India, Tamil Nadu. After the British colonial rule ended, Ceylon was given independence in Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 12. Essay on The Formation of the United Nations The Formation of the United Nations Before the United Nations organization was formed we lived in a world of uncertainty where any misunderstanding could lead to a massive world war. Since the United Nations was formed, many issues have been resolved and a number of new groups have been created to make the world more peaceful. The United Nation's intentions are aimed for the future race of people. Their hope is that one day we can all set aside our differences and live together as one. Human kind has fought many wars over a variety of issues; however, the advent of a unified international organization has changed the world and set goals for humanity's future. The United Nations was established in the aftermath of a devastating...show more content... That organization was the United Nations" (Woog 31). The decision for a new alliance was actually thought about during World War II. It was a meeting at St. James' Palace in London that brought together representatives from the different nations involved with the war. Then shortly after British prime minister, Winston Churchill and US president, Theodore Roosevelt came together and signed a Inter–Allied pact. American diplomat Clark Eichelberger said: Somehow, millions of people in the world tonight, hearing of the Roosevelt–Churchill Conference, feel that they have been snatched from the brink of disaster and their feet put upon the road to victory and world organization. It will be a long road, entailing many hardships—even, as Mr. Churchill predicted for his country, blood, sweat, toil, and tears. But it is the only road that will lead to victory and permanent peace. It is the road that the American people, with other brave nations, must travel (qtd. in Woog 33). On New Year's Day 1942 the new Allies signed a pledge of mutual support, the Declarations of United Nations. In that document it stated the 26 signers were "convinced that complete victory over their enemies is essential to defend life, liberty, independence, and religious freedom, and to preserve human rights and justice in their own lands as well Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 13. The League Of Nations And The United Nations – After the first world war, the first organization which will bring countries together was the League of Nations. the League of Nations was urgent to maintain a strategic distance from a redundancy of the abhorrences of the Great War. The primary points of the association included demobilization, avoiding war through aggregate security, settling question between nations through transaction and discretion, and enhancing worldwide welfare. Unfortunately, they failed and their failures caused the second world war. Then, after the world war II decided to replace the League of Nations by a new organization named the United Nations. Their main goals were maintaining international peace and security and to give a worldwide institutional structure through which states can here and there settle conflicts with less dependence on the utilization of power. The six main organs of the United Nations are the General Assembly, the Security Gathering, the Trusteeship Council, the Economic and Social Council, the International Court of Justice, and the Secretariat Every organs has an alternate part. For example, the General Assembly is the principal deliberative organ of the United Nations involved all Member States(in which five great powers and ten pivoting part states settle on choices about worldwide peace and security), each of which has one vote, regardless of its size or impact. It might talk about any matter emerging under the UN Charter. Choices on worldwide peace and security, Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 14. United Nations Research Paper The United Nations was bestowed with a great responsibility in trying to keep the peace between the nations. After the hurt, death, and destruction of the first World War, the nations thought it would be an excellent idea to create some kind organization or treaty to keep the peace between the nations. It was not until the second World War when Pearl Harbor and the Atomic Bomb in 1942 that they finally followed through with their idea and created a treaty to keep the peace. In every governmental program, they have their successes and their failures. In my opinion, everyone and everything has room for improvement because in this world is constantly evolving and the need of people are always changing. So the world hopes that with this international...show more content... By mid–June 1945 there was yet another meeting where 51 nations came together and signed the Charter of United Nations this document laid out the obligations and rights of each country to keep peace in the world (Basic Facts About the United Nations). Each of those nations is responsible for trying to ensure that the generations to come will not have to bear witness to the horror, pain, and destruction from war like the ones their generation had to witness not once but twice. The United Nations is set up to smooth over any conflicts they encounter with peace unless they must defend themselves. These nations are to work together to maintain peace and security and to maintain friendly relations when solving international economic, humanitarian, social, and cultural issues. The home base for this operation is in New York City since 1942, and each year the 193 Member States meet. They call this the General Assembly where the head generals of the United Nations come together to go over budget, debate problems, and elect a new president of the UN that serves a sentence of one year. It has grown in these seventy plus years and now has multiple divisions that get sent out each for a different and particular problem. There is a Security Council which is the main group, Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 15. Introduction About the United Nations The United Nations is an international organization, which was founded in 1945 after the Second World War, committed to providing the means to help resolve international conflicts and formulate policies on matters affecting human beings all over the world (Wikipedia). The organization is committed to maintaining international peace and security, developing friendly relations among nations and promoting social progress, better living standards and human rights (Wikipedia). 'Ensuring environmental sustainability', climate change being one of the major factors, is one of the millennium development goals of the UN. The United Nations Environment Programme, UNEP, along with many organizations/agencies under the UN, collaboratively work towards achieving this goal. About the Chosen Aspect of Study 'How does the United Nations support the millennium development goal of promoting environmental sustainability by limiting climate change in South and North America?' This investigation shall focus on the previously mentioned question as this a very interesting topic to further research on, also as I believe that the UN has played an enormous role in promoting environmental sustainability in South and North America, and therefore would make a good topic to further research on. This topic is worthy of studying as by knowing of what many before us have done to protect and sustain the environment, we can look into aiding the environment to a Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 16. United Nations : An International Organization UNITED NATIONS DESCRIPTION: The United Nations is an international organization established to promote intercontinental support. Therefore, the main role of the United Nations is to maintain international peace and security, to develop friendly relations among nations, to promote respect for human rights and to coordinate aid in disaster situations and to provide help on global issues such as drug trafficking and the environment. STRUCTURE: The UN today has 192 Member States who express their opinions through the following institutions. They are all located in New York: The General Assembly debates issues and recommends actions. The Security Council authorizes economic and military actions in settling disputes. The Economic and Social Council sponsors trades and human rights organizations. The International Court of Justice decides questions of international law. The Trusteeship Council controls territories under UN supervision. The Secretariat is the Administrator of the UN and coordinates work in UN agencies. HISTORY: In 1919 the League of Nations was created by the Treaty of Versailles in order to keep peace and security between nations after the First World War. It was made of 58 members but there were some significant problems with the organisation, as it had no army or power on its own. As a result of this, the League of Nations failed to prevent the Second World War and was replaced by the United Nations in 1945. CASE STUDY: The United Nations Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 17. Essay on United Nations Intervention There are millions of people that wish for peace every day. If those people of today's world cannot have peace, they want to avoid any form of violence. Canada is a very good example of a peaceful lifestyle. Unfortunately, this state is not common to every country. In 1945, an international organization called United Nations was created in order to try to fix this kind of problem around the world. This is done by intervening in several countries in order to bring peace. Among these interventions, many were situated on the African continent: Sudan, South Africa, Sierra Leone and Somalia are some examples of countries that got the help of the United Nations. What determines the United Nations final decision whether to intervene in African...show more content... It is composed of 15 members: five of them are permanent members (China, France, Russia, United Kingdom and United–States) and ten are elected for a two–year period. The special side of this organ is that the five permanent members have a veto power. This means that if one of the countries does not agree with the decision, it can give a negative vote and the proposal will be rejected. (Department of Public Information: 1995, p.9) Now, here is the explanation for actions or inactivity of UN in two important African conflicts. To begin, one of the conflicts in which the United Nations was involved is the conflict in South Africa. The problems in this country originally began in 1948 when the new South African Government imposed an apartheid policy (apartheid is an African word meaning separateness). This new policy was one of discrimination and racial separation. The population of South Africa was separated into four groups: Black, White, Coloured and Indian. The Black Africans represented the majority of the population in South Africa, but with this new policy, all of their rights (liberty, participation in politic, and so on) have been removed. They were forced to have identity cards and they were forced to live in the worst areas of the country: the most arid and infertile areas. (Department of Public Information: 1995, p.207–208) This problem was first heard by the UN in 1946 (before the institution of the apartheid), when India Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 18. The Issues Of The United Nations Essay INTRODUCTION THE ISSUES The United Nations turns fifty–five this year and, like many individuals facing middle age, it worries about the future. Created as a bold experiment in collective security amid the ruins of World War II, the U.N. has many accomplishes to its credit, from successfully mediating numerous peace accords to the countless ways it has improved economic and living conditions in less developed countries. When the leaders toasted the U.N.'s past accomplishes in 1995, the primary topic behind the scenes was what was to be done about the U.N.'s current travails in the former Yugoslavia. As they celebrate this year, might the topic be on how they failed and had to have the North Atlantic Treaty Organization take over the peacekeeping forces and bombing raids? The civil war in Bosnia–Herzegovina is now over, but the U.N. peacekeepers were powerless to stop the aggression of Bosnian Serbs against the majority Muslim population. Images of blue–helmeted U.N. solders taken hostage by Serb forces have cast a pall on the world body's anniversary events. The failure of the U.N. peacekeeping mission to Bosnia has called into question the very heart of the organization's mandate. It also had precipitated a political crisis in Washington. Neither Congress nor the White House wanted to send U.S. ground troops to Bosnia. But Congress had approved legislation requiring that the president unilaterally end U.S. participation in a U.N.–imposed arms embargo against Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 19. The Complexity of the United Nations I choose this topic to reflect more about the complexity of the UN as an organization. In this paper I want to present an overview standpoint of documents, publications, databases and websites to show the history and the different branches in the organization and raise some of the accusations behind the peacekeepers. After the First World War, people felt the necessity of an international organization with the task of maintaining global peace. After the 1st World War the League of Nations was the outcome of that feeling, but it was found that nations were unwilling to give any international authority the jurisdiction over their lands. But after the result of these selfish policies the Second World War started. At the close of this second catastrophic war, the minds of men turned again to evoke a more effective world organization, to establish peace and mutual understanding. "Chapter I of the United Nations Charter lay out the purposes and principles of the United Nations organization. These principles include the equality and self–determination of nations, respect of human rights and fundamental freedoms." This organization was planned at a Conference of Nations held at Dumbarton Oaks, U.S.A., and at another held a few months later at San Francisco. It was named the United Nations Organization (UNO) and was inaugurated on October 24, 1945. Now, membership has doubled since its inauguration with 192 member states. New members are admitted if the five sponsoring nations, USA, Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 20. United Nations Sustainable Development Goals On September 15th, 2015 United Nation leaders created and embraced the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) but it was not until January 1st, 2016 that the goals came into full effect ("Sustainable Development Agenda," 2016). The purpose of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals is to combat poverty and hunger, ensure well–being, reduce inequality, protect land, secure clean water, and manage climate change("Sustainable Development Agenda," 2016). These goals expanded on the achievements of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and now include peace and justice, sustainable consumption, and go further in undertaking issues of poverty ("Sustainable Development Agenda," 2016). The SDGs include solving issues of hunger, education, gender equality, economic growth, peace, climate action, clean energy, and clean water and sanitation. They present clear regulations for nations to incorporate into their daily routines to provide better lives for future generations. Although the SDGs are not binding contracts, governments and leaders are expected to work together and follow through on ensuring that progress and development is being made. The new development goals require that all countries, impoverished and affluent alike, do their part in protecting their environment and making sure that they are making headway. The SDGs are a 15–year plan that focus on building a healthy and fair future for the world and its inhabitants Get more content on HelpWriting.net