This is a presentation about Transfer of Learning. The presentation covers the ff: - Types of Transfer - Five Stages of Transfer - Conditions and Principles of Transfer

1. Transfer of Learning
Prepared by:
Gracetyl Mae B. Calago
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2.  Explain how transfer of learning occurs
 Identify the factors that affect transfer of learning
 Apply principles of transfer in facilitating transfer
of learning
Objectives

3. Advance Organizer
Transfer of Learning
Types ofTransfer
Conditions and Principles ofTransfer
Five Stages ofTransfer

4.  Refers to the ability to apply knowledge learned in
one context to new contexts (Bransford, Brown,
and Cocking 1999)
 Originally introduced as transfer of
practice by EdwardThorndike and Robert S.
Woodworth
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer_of_learning)
Transfer of Learning

5. Transfer of learning occurs when the learner:
 recognizes common features among concepts,
skills, or principles
 links the information in memory
 sees the value of utilizing what was learned in
one situation in another
Transfer of Learning (cont.)

6. Knowledge of French may help the student learn
Spanish
Example

7. Learning to drive a car helps a person to later drive
a truck
Example

8. Learning mathematics prepares students to study
physics
Example

9.  If we did not transfer some of our prior
knowledge, then each new learning situation
would start from scratch.
Is transfer of learning important?

10.  Assumption of education: what is taught in a
course will be used in relevant situations in other
courses, in the workplace and out of school
Is transfer of learning important?
SOURCE: http://www.slideshare.net/FydaRahim/transfer-of-learning-29002564

11.  All new learning involves transfer based on
previous learning (Bransford, 41).
Is transfer of learning important?

12. Types of Transfer
Positive Transfer
Negative Transfer
Near Transfer
Far Transfer

13.  It occurs when learning in one context improves
performance in some other context.
Positive Transfer
!
Japanese
Language
Mexican
Language

14.  It occurs when learning in one context impacts
negatively on performance in another.
Negative Transfer

15. Negative Transfer (cont.)
Example:
A student previously learned that when the
subject is singular, you will put an ‘s’ at the end of
the verb and when it is plural, you do not put an
‘s’ at the end of the verb. However, the subjects
‘I’ and ‘You’ do not follow the rule. If the student
have not learned the exception properly, he will
be adding an ‘s’ at the end of the verb.

16.  It refers to transfer between very similar contexts.
 Also referred to as specific transfer
Near Transfer

S4
S5

17.  It refers to transfer between contexts that, on
appearance, seem remote and alien to one
another.
 Also referred to as general transfer
Far Transfer

18. A chess player may apply basic strategies to
investment practices or policies
Far Transfer (cont.)

19. “… that almost magical link between classroom
performance and something which is supposed to
happen in the real world” – Swinney (1989)
“Transfer”

20. Five Stages of Transfer
Transfer Intention
Transfer Initiation
PartialTransfer
Conscious Maintenance
Unconscious Maintenance
1
2
3
4
5
SOURCE: Foxon,
Marguerite. A process
approach to the transfer
of training. Australian
Journal of Educational
Technology. 1993, 9 (2),
130 -143

21.  This is the end-of-course motivation of the
learner to apply aspects of the learning in
the work environment (Huczynski & Lewis,
1980; Noe, 1986).
Five Stages of Transfer (1st Stage)
Transfer Intention

22.  It refers to the attempts to apply any
aspect of the learning in the work
environment (Laker, 1990), and is a
necessary precursor to partial transfer
and transfer maintenance.
Five Stages of Transfer (2nd Stage)
Transfer Initiation

23.  It occurs when only some skills are
transferred.
Five Stages of Transfer (3rd Stage)
PartialTransfer

24.  In this stage, the learner makes a conscious
choice to use the skills whenever their use
is appropriate.
Five Stages of Transfer (4th Stage)
Conscious Maintenance

25.  In this stage, the skills have been integrated
into job behavior, and transfer has occurred
in full.
Five Stages of Transfer (5th Stage)
Unconscious Maintenance

26. Conditions and Principles of Transfer
Similarity between two learning situations
Degree of meaningfulness/relevance of learning
Length of instructional time
Variety of learning experiences
Context for learner’s experiences
Focus on principles rather than tasks
Emphasis on metacognition

27. Similarity between two learning
situations
Principle ofTransfer Implication
The more similar the
two situations are, the
greater the chances
that learning from one
situation will be
transferred to the
other situation.
Involve students in
learning situations
and tasks that are
similar as possible to
the situations where
they would apply the
tasks.

28. Degree of meaningfulness/relevance
of learning
Meaningful learning
leads to greater
transfer than rote
learning
Remember to provide
opportunities for
learners to link new
material to what they
learned in the past.
Principle ofTransfer Implication

29. Length of instructional time
The longer the time
spent in instruction,
the greater the
probability of transfer
To ensure transfer,
teach a few topics in
depth rather than
many topics tackled in
a shallow manner
Principle ofTransfer Implication

30. Variety of learning experiences
Exposure to many and
varied examples and
opportunities for
practice to encourage
transfer
Illustrate new
concepts and
principles with a
variety of examples.
Plan activities to
practice their newly
learned skills.
Principle ofTransfer Implication

31. Context for learner’s experiences
Transfer of learning is
most likely to happen
when learners
discover that what
they learned is
applicable to various
contexts.
Relate topic in one
subject to topics in
other subjects or
disciplines. Relate it
also to real life
situations.
Principle ofTransfer Implication

32. Focus on principles rather than tasks
Principles transfer is
easier than facts
Zero in on principles
related to each topic
together with
strategies based on
those principles
Principle ofTransfer Implication

33. Emphasis on metacognition
Student reflection
improves transfer of
learning
Encourage students to
take responsibility for
their own learning,
and to reflect on what
they learned
Principle ofTransfer Implication

34.  What does transfer of learning mean?
 When can you say that transfer of learning has
occurred?
 Why is transfer of learning important?
 What are the types of transfer?
 What are the five stages of transfer?
 What are the conditions/factors that affect the
transfer of learning?
Summary

35. Thank you …