2. PRESENTED TO:
ENGR SAFIA BIBI
GROUP MEMBERS:
FAIZA NAJEEB 16-ECT-29
AYESHA SADDIQUA 16-ECT-40
3.
4. Dramatically longer-lasting, faster-charging
and safer lithium metal batteries may be
possible, according to new research made by
“Penn State”.
5. The first battery was
developed by Italian
physicist “Alessandro
Volta” in 1800.
Materials:
◦ Zinc
◦ Saltwater paper
◦ Silver
6. Convert stored chemical energy into
electrical energy.
Reaction between chemicals take
place.
Consisting of electrochemical cells.
Contains
◦ Electrodes (Conductor through which
electricity enters or leaves)
◦ Electrolyte (Liquid or gel which contains
ions and can be decomposed by
electrolysis)
7. Cathode:
◦ Positive terminal
◦ Chemical reduction occurs (gain electrons)
Anode:
◦ Negative terminal
◦ Chemical oxidation occurs (lose electrons)
Electrolytes allow:
◦ Ions to move between electrodes and terminals
◦ Current to flow out of the battery to perform work
8. Battery has metal or plastic
case.
Inside case are cathode, anode,
electrolytes.
Separator creates barrier
between cathode and anode.
Current collector brass pin in
middle of cell conducts
electricity to outside circuit.
9. Lightest metal
Low density
Can float on water
Highly reactive material
High reduction potential
Very high energy and power densities in high-density
battery
Act as an Anode
11. Li-based cells are most compact ways of storing
electrical energy.
Lower in energy density than lithium metal.
Energy density is twice of the standard nickel-
cadmium.
No memory and no scheduled cycling is required
to prolong battery life.
12. Li-ion batteries do not accept a high initial
charging current. Therefore, controlled current
(controlled charging) is used.
Typical float voltage is above 4V (typically
4.2V).
Controlled charging has two purposes:
◦ Limiting the cell
◦ Equalizing all cell
13.
14.
15. Have high energy density than other rechargeable
batteries.
Less weight.
Produce high voltage out as compared with other
batteries.
Have improved safety, i.e. more resistance to
overcharge.
No liquid electrolyte means they are immune from
leaking.
Fast charge and discharge rate.
17. The Li-ion batteries are used in cameras, calculators.
They are used in cardiac pacemakers and other
implantable device.
They are used in telecommunication equipment,
instruments, portable radios and TVs, pagers.
They are used to operate laptop computers and mobile
phones and aerospace application.
18.
19. According to “Penn State research”, recently
published in “Nature Energy” on November
14, 2018:
“Dramatically longer-lasting, faster-charging and
safer lithium metal batteries are possible”
20. Research is basically about to reduce the dendritic
growth (Needle like structure forming and
emitting from anode due to flow of electrons) of
Lithium that affect life of battery.
21. The researchers developed a three-
dimensional, cross-linked polymer sponge that
attaches to the metal plating of a battery
anode.
The material acts as a porous sponge that not
only promotes ion transfer, but also inhibits
deterioration.
22. Under additional strain,
like in the fast-charging
methods desired in
electrical vehicles, lithium
ion (Li) batteries are
vulnerable to dendritic
growth -- needle-like
formations that can reduce
cycle life and potentially
cause safety issues --
including fires or
explosions.
23. These can be possible when we use a polymer
on the interface of Li metal.
This also allows the metal plating to be free of
dendrites, even at low temperature and fast
charging conditions.
24. In an electric vehicle, it could increase the
range of a drive before needing a charge by
hundreds of miles.
It could also give smartphones a longer battery
life.
25. From this research, it can be concluded that
more recently in next some years, we will be
only using Lithium ion batteries because of
their efficiency as compared to other batteries.
26. Guoxing Li, Zhe Liu, Qingquan Huang, Yue Gao,
Michael Regula, Daiwei Wang, Long-Qing Chen,
Donghai Wang. Stable metal battery anodes enabled
by polyethylenimine sponge hosts by way of
electrokinetic effects. Nature Energy, 2018;
DOI: 10.1038/s41560-018-0276-z
