COUNTRY OF PARTICULAR CONCERN (CPC) AND MYANMAR

5/30/2018 Country of Particular Concern - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Country_of_Particular_Concern 1/2
Country of Particular Concern
Country of Particular Concern (CPC) is a designation by the United States Secretary of State (under authority
delegated by the President) of a nation guilty of particularly severe violations of religious freedom under the International
Religious Freedom Act (IRFA) of 1998 (H.R. 2431) and its amendment of 1999 (Public Law 106-55). The term
"particularly severe violations of religious freedom" means systematic, ongoing, egregious violations of religious freedom,
including violations such as:
a) Torture or cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment;
b) Prolonged detention without charges;
c) Causing the disappearance of persons by the abduction or clandestine detention of those persons; or
d) Other flagrant denials of the right to life, liberty, or the security of persons. Nations so designated are subject to
further actions, including economic sanctions, by the United States.
Issuing recommendations as to countries it believes should be designated as countries of particular concern for their
religious liberty violations is the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom, a separate agency created
by IRFA (along with the U.S. Department of State's Office of International Religious Freedom) to monitor the state of
religious freedom around the world. Both entities provide policy recommendations to the president, the secretary of state
and US Congress. Its recommendations are not always followed by the Secretary of State.
The latest USCIRF report from February 2017, recommended each of the following nations as a CPC:[1]
Burma
Central African Republic
China
Eritrea
Iran
Nigeria
North Korea
Pakistan
Russia
Saudi Arabia
Sudan
Syria
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Vietnam
These countries are considered Tier 2 countries and are on the watchlist:
Afghanistan

5/30/2018 Country of Particular Concern - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Country_of_Particular_Concern 2/2
Azerbaijan
Bahrain
Cuba
Egypt
India
Indonesia
Iraq
Kazakhstan
Laos
Malaysia
Turkey
1. [1] (http://www.uscirf.gov/sites/default/files/2017.USCIRFAnnualReport.pdf) (accessed December 18, 2017)
US State Department Office of International Religious Freedom (https://www.state.gov/g/drl/irf/)
CPC page at the USCIRF website (https://web.archive.org/web/20111203104504/http://www.uscirf.gov/countries/co
untries-of-particular-concern.html)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Country_of_Particular_Concern&oldid=818496447"
This page was last edited on 3 January 2018, at 22:23.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this
site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia
Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
References
External links

5/30/2018 U.S. Religious Freedom Envoy Criticizes Saudi Arabia, Myanmar - WSJ
https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-religious-freedom-envoy-criticizes-saudi-arabia-myanmar-1527613558 1/2
WASHINGTON—The U.S. envoy for international religious freedom, Sam Brownback, criticized
key American ally Saudi Arabia and described the violence directed against Myanmar’s Muslim
Rohingya minority as ethnic cleansing during the release of the State Department’s annual
report on religious freedom on Tuesday.
During a news conference, Mr. Brownback also announced plans to hold a ministerial meeting
for the first time in Washington, D.C., on July 25-26, to bring together “like-minded countries”
to discuss ways to protect religious freedom. He declined to say whether U.S.-designated
“countries of particular concern,” such as Saudi Arabia, Myanmar, Iran and South Sudan, would
be invited.
Mr. Brownback said that Saudi Arabia still doesn’t allow for individuals to freely practice non-
Muslim religions and punishes perceived offenders with harsh penalties such as lashings. He
called on Saudi Arabia’s leader, Crown Prince Mohammed Bin Salman, to deliver on promises to
introduce reforms.
“I am hopeful that we’ll start seeing change coming out of that country,” Mr. Brownback told
reporters at the briefing.
The State Department report listed a variety of alleged Saudi abuses, included executing Shia
Muslim prisoners and harassing, arresting and imprisoning individuals for purported religious
and moral crimes. Some foreign residents, it noted, had been deported for engaging in non-
Muslim religious practices.
The Saudi embassy didn’t immediately respond to a request for comment.
DOW JONES, A NEWS CORP COMPANY
Stoxx 600 384.25 -0.06% ▼ Nikkei 22018.52 -1.52% ▼ U.S. 10 Yr -19 32 Yield 2.847% ▼ Crude Oil 66.72 -0.01% ▼ Euro 1.1574 0.29% ▲
This copy is for your personal, non-commercial use only. To order presentation-ready copies for distribution to your colleagues,
clients or customers visit http://www.djreprints.com.
https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-religious-freedom-envoy-criticizes-saudi-arabia-myanmar-1527613558
U.S.
U.S. Religious Freedom Envoy Criticizes
Saudi Arabia, Myanmar
Sam Brownback described the violence directed against Myanmar’s Muslim Rohingya minority as ethnic
cleansing
The U.S. envoy for international religious freedom, Sam Brownback, unveiled the annual U.S. assessment of religious
freedom around the world on Tuesday at the State Department in Washington, D.C. PHOTO: J. SCOTT
APPLEWHITE ASSOCIATED PRESS
May 29, 2018 1 05 p.m. ET
By Jessica Donati

5/30/2018 U.S. Religious Freedom Envoy Criticizes Saudi Arabia, Myanmar - WSJ
https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-religious-freedom-envoy-criticizes-saudi-arabia-myanmar-1527613558 2/2
Mr. Brownback, the former Kansas governor, said that promoting religious freedom would
bolster the U.S. fight against terrorism and help promote economic growth, making it a key
policy area for the Trump administration.
He denied that President Donald Trump’s call during the 2016 campaign for a “total and
complete shutdown” of Muslims entering the U.S., and subsequent efforts to ban travel from
several Muslim-majority countries undermined U.S. leadership on the issue.
Mr. Brownback criticized Myanmar for the military’s campaign to drive the country’s Muslim
Rohingya population into neighboring Bangladesh, which he described as ethnic cleansing. He
called for the U.S. to take action to prevent conditions from worsening there.
The Senate Foreign Relations Committee in February approved a bill that seeks to target
Myanmar military officials with travel bans and financial restrictions. A similar bill was
introduced in the House last year.
Myanmar’s government appeared to be intensifying its persecution of religious minorities, he
said, citing recent attacks against the Kachin, a mostly Christian minority in the northern
mountains.
Mr. Brownback also singled out China for the alleged persecution of its Uighur Muslim
population, and the “difficult situation” facing Tibetan Buddhists and Christians.
“The report cites a number of very, very troubling concerns and a decline in religious freedom,”
he said referring to China and noting that such issues were raised in meetings with Beijing.
Mr. Brownback said the administration is concerned about Russia, which has designated the
Jehovah’s Witness Christian sect as an extremist organization. And he criticized U.S. ally
Turkey for detaining American pastor Andrew Brunson.
The embassies of Myanmar, China, Turkey and Russia didn’t immediately respond to requests
for comment.
Mr. Brownback didn’t mention Afghanistan, which is experiencing some of the worst sectarian
violence in decades. The Islamic State branch has made Shias a focus of its military campaign
against the U.S-backed government, striking religious targets in Kabul and elsewhere.
The annual report said the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan documented a
worsening of religious freedom in 2017, including three times as many attacks against religious
leaders and worshippers, causing about 500 civilian deaths and injuries. The Afghan embassy
didn’t immediately respond to a request for comment.
Mr. Brownback said some 50 people are serving life prison sentences in Pakistan for blasphemy,
including 17 awaiting execution. The administration has frozen security assistance to Pakistan,
pressuring Islamabad to crack down on terrorist networks operating on its territory.
He noted Tajikistan imposes religious restrictions on people under 18 years old, and Eritrea
persecutes minority religious groups. Neither embassy responded immediately to a request for
comment.
Eritrea’s government arrested about 210 evangelical Christians in house-to-house raids and
imprisoned them under harsh conditions last year, the report said, adding that it also singled
out Jehovah’s Witnesses for harassment and arrest.
Write to Jessica Donati at Jessica.Donati@wsj.com
Copyright ©2017 Dow Jones & Company, Inc. All Rights Reserved
This copy is for your personal, non-commercial use only. To order presentation-ready copies for distribution to your colleagues,
clients or customers visit http://www.djreprints.com.

5/30/2018 Sam Brownback - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Brownback 1/19
Sam Brownback
United States Ambassador-at-
Large for International Religious
Freedom
Incumbent
Assumed office
February 1, 2018
President Donald Trump
Preceded by David Saperstein
46th Governor of Kansas
In office
January 10, 2011 – January 31,
2018
Lieutenant Jeff Colyer
Preceded by Mark Parkinson
Succeeded by Jeff Colyer
United States Senator
from Kansas
In office
November 7, 1996 – January 3,
2011
Preceded by Sheila Frahm
Succeeded by Jerry Moran
Member of the
U.S. House of Representatives
from Kansas's 2nd district
In office
January 3, 1995 – November 7,
1996
Preceded by Jim Slattery
Succeeded by Jim Ryun
Secretary of Agriculture of Kansas
In office
September 18, 1986 – July 30, 1993
Governor John W. Carlin
Mike Hayden
Joan Finney
Sam Brownback
Samuel Dale Brownback (born September 12, 1956) is an American attorney, politician, and diplomat serving as the United
States Ambassador-at-Large for International Religious Freedom since 2018. Brownback previously served as the 46th Governor of
Kansas, as a U.S. Senator from Kansas, as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives, and as the Secretary of Agriculture of
Kansas.
As a Republican, he was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives during the Republican Revolution of 1994, representing
Kansas's 2nd congressional district for a single term, before running in a 1996 special election for the U.S. Senate seat previously
held by Bob Dole. He won the special election and the following two regular elections, serving until 2011. Brownback was elected
Governor of Kansas and served from 2011 until his resignation in 2018 to take a job in the Trump Administration.[3] He ran for
president in 2008, but withdrew before the primaries began and endorsed eventual Republican nominee John McCain.[4][5][6]
Brownback was elected Governor of Kansas in 2010 and took office in January 2011. As Governor, Brownback initiated what he
called a "red-state experiment"—dramatic cuts in income tax rates, intended to bring economic growth.[7] He signed into law one of
the largest income tax cuts in Kansas history.[8] The tax cuts caused state revenues to fall by hundreds of millions of dollars and
created large budget shortfalls.[9] A major budget deficit led to budget cuts in areas including education and
transportation.[10][11] In the run-up to the 2014 gubernatorial election, over 100 former and current Kansas Republican officials
criticized Brownback's leadership and endorsed his Democratic opponent, Paul Davis.[12][13][14] Brownback was reelected in a
close race with a plurality, a margin of 3.7%.[15] In June 2017, the Kansas Legislature rolled back Brownback's tax cuts and enacted
tax increases.
In a repudiation of the federal Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act ("Obamacare"), Brownback in 2013 turned down a $31.5
million grant from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services to set up a public health insurance exchange for Kansas.[16]
Also in 2013, he signed a bill that blocked tax breaks for abortion providers, banned sex-selection abortions, and declared that life
begins at fertilization.[17]
On July 26, 2017, the White House issued a statement that Brownback would be nominated as the new U.S. Ambassador-at-Large
for International Religious Freedom.[18] The nomination was forwarded by committee, on a party line vote, but expired at the end
of 2017 in lieu of a Senate confirmation vote by the time of adjournment. His nomination was resent by committee to the Senate on
January 8, 2018 and two weeks later he was confirmed in a strict party line vote with Vice President Mike Pence casting the
necessary tie-breaking vote to end a filibuster and for his confirmation.[19] On January 25, Brownback submitted his resignation as
governor, effective January 31, 2018[3] and Lieutenant Governor Jeff Colyer was sworn in as governor. Brownback was sworn in as
U.S. Ambassador at Large for International Religious Freedom on February 1, 2018.[20]
Early life and education
Early career
U.S. Senator (1996–2011)
Elections
Tenure
CREW complaints
Committees
Other notes
2008 presidential campaign
2010 gubernatorial campaign
Governor of Kansas (2011–2018)
Legislative agenda
Taxes
Education
Economy
Health care
Abortion
Prayer rally
2014 gubernatorial election
U.S. Ambassador-at-Large for International Religious Freedom
Nomination
Tenure
Contents

Preceded by Harland Priddle[1]
Succeeded by Philip Fishburn[2]
Personal details
Born Samuel Dale
Brownback
September 12, 1956
Garnett, Kansas,
U.S.
Political party Republican
Spouse(s) Mary Stauffer
Children 5
Education Kansas State
University (BA)
University of Kansas
(JD)
Signature
Positions
Abortion
Arts
Capital punishment
Darfur
Economic issues
Environmental protection
Evolution
Health care
Immigration
Iraq
Israel and the Palestinian Territories
LGBT issues
Stem cell research
Other issues
Relationship with Koch family
Personal life
Electoral history
U.S. Senator
Governor of Kansas
See also
References
External links
Sam Brownback was born on September 12, 1956, in Garnett, Kansas, to Nancy (Cowden) and Glen Robert Brownback.[21][22] He was raised in a farming family in Parker, Kansas.
Some of Brownback's German-American ancestors settled in Kansas after leaving Pennsylvania following the Civil War.[23] Throughout his youth, Brownback was involved the FFA
(formerly the Future Farmers of America), serving as president of his local and state FFA chapters, and as national FFA vice president from 1976 to 1977.[24]
While at Kansas State University, Brownback was elected student body president and became a member of the Alpha Gamma Rho agricultural fraternity. After graduating from college in
1979,[25] he spent about a year working as a radio broadcaster for the now-defunct KSAC farm department, hosting a weekly half-hour show.[23][26] Brownback received his J.D. from
the University of Kansas in 1982.[27]
Brownback was an attorney in Manhattan, Kansas,[23] before becoming the Kansas Secretary of Agriculture on September 18, 1986.[28][29] In 1990, he was accepted into the White
House Fellow program and detailed to the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative from 1990 to 1991. Brownback then returned to Kansas to resume his position as Secretary of
Agriculture. He left his post on July 30, 1993.[30] He was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1994 and ran in the 1996 special election for the U.S. Senate seat recently
vacated by Bob Dole, beating appointed Republican Sheila Frahm.
Sheila Frahm was appointed to fill the seat of U.S. Senator Bob Dole when Dole resigned in 1996 to campaign for president. Brownback defeated Frahm in the 1996 Republican primary
and went on to win the general election against Democrat Jill Docking.[31] Later in 2001, the Federal Election Commission assessed fines and penalties against Brownback's campaign
committee and against his in-laws for improper 1996 campaign contributions.[32] As a result of these improper contributions, the campaign was ordered to give the government $19,000
in contributions and Brownback's in-laws, John and Ruth Stauffer, were ordered to pay a $9,000 civil penalty for improperly funneling contributions through Triad Management
Services.[33]
In 1998 Brownback was elected to a full six-year term, defeating Democrat Paul Feleciano. He won reelection in the 2004 Senate election with 69% of the vote, defeating his Democratic
challenger, Lee Jones, a former Washington, D.C. lobbyist.[34]
Throughout his Senate career, his principal campaign donors were the Koch Brothers and their enterprises, including Koch Industries.[35][36]
Brownback was a member of the Judiciary Committee, the Senate Appropriations Committee (where he chaired the Subcommittee on District of Columbia when the Republicans were in
the majority), the Joint Economic Committee, and the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe, also known as the Helsinki Commission, which he at one time chaired. The
Helsinki Commission monitors compliance with international agreements reached in cooperation with Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe.[37]
Early life and education
Early career
U.S. Senator (1996–2011)
Elections
Tenure

In 2000, Brownback and Congressman Chris Smith led the effort to enact the Trafficking Victims Protection Act.[38] President Clinton
signed the legislation in October 2000. According to Christianity Today, the stronger enforcement increased the number of U.S. federal
trafficking cases eightfold in the five years after enactment.[39]
As of August 12, 2007, in the 110th Session of Congress, Brownback had missed 123 votes due to campaigning (39.7 percent) – surpassed
only by Tim Johnson (D) of South Dakota who due to a critical illness had missed 100% of the votes of the 110th Session, and John McCain
(R) of Arizona with 149 votes missed due to campaigning (48.1 percent).[40]
As of April 2012, Brownback had an approval rating of 34 percent according to a Survey USA Poll.[41] A Republican polling company found
his approval rating to be 51 percent in May 2012.[42] In November 2015, Brownback had an approval rating of 26 percent according to a
Morning Consult poll, the lowest among all governors in the United States.[43]
In 2006, Brownback blocked a confirmation vote on a George W. Bush federal appeals court nominee from Michigan, judge Janet T. Neff. He
objected to her joining the bench solely for her having attended a same-sex commitment ceremony in Massachusetts in 2002 which involved
a next door neighbor who was a close childhood friend of Neff's daughters. His action had blocked confirmation votes on an entire slate of
appointments that already had been approved by a bipartisan group of Senators.[44] In July 2007, he finally lifted his block that had
prevented the vote, and the Senate confirmed her by 83-4.[45] Brownback was joined in opposition by just three other conservatives, then-
Senators Jim Bunning, Jon Kyl, and Mel Martinez.[46]
In 2009, Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington (CREW) filed an ethics complaint in 2009 over a fundraising letter signed by Brownback for a conservative Catholic group
which they alleged violated Senate rules by mimicking official Senate letterhead.[47] The letter had targeted five senators for being both Catholic and pro-choice: Maria Cantwell, John
Kerry, Robert Menendez, Barbara Mikulski and Patty Murray.[48] A spokesman said Brownback had asked the group to stop sending the letter even before the complaint was filed.[48]
In 2010, based on a complaint that was lodged by a Protestant group, (CREW) urged an ethics investigation into a possible violation of the Senate's gifts rule by four Republican Senators
and a Republican and three Democratic House members lodging in a $1.8 million townhouse[49] owned by C Street Center, Inc., which was in turn owned by Christian-advocacy group
The Fellowship. The rent was $950 per month per person.[50][51] CREW alleged that the property was being leased exclusively to congressional members, including Brownback, at
under fair market value, based on the cost of hotel rooms nearby.[52] Senator Tom Coburn's spokesman told The Hill there were Craigslist ads that demonstrated that $950 was fair
market value for a room on Capitol Hill and that "Residents at the [C Street] boarding house have one bedroom. Most share a bathroom. All pay for their own meals and share communal
space with the other residents and guests."[53][54]
Committee on Appropriations
Subcommittee on Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies (Ranking Member)
Subcommittee on Defense
Subcommittee on Homeland Security
Subcommittee on Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies
Subcommittee on the Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs
Subcommittee on Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies
Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation
Subcommittee on Aviation Operations, Safety, and Security
Subcommittee on Communications, Technology, and the Internet
Subcommittee on Competitiveness, Innovation, and Export Promotion
Subcommittee on Surface Transportation and Merchant Marine Infrastructure, Safety, and Security
Committee on Energy and Natural Resources
Subcommittee on Energy
Subcommittee on National Parks
Subcommittee on Water and Power (Ranking Member)
Committee on Foreign Relations
Special Committee on Aging
Joint Economic Committee
Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe
Brownback, while U.S. Senator in the mid-1990s, hired Paul Ryan as his chief legislative director. Ryan later became a member of Congress, vice-presidential candidate, and then
Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives.[55]
Throughout his U.S. Senate career, his principal campaign donors were the Koch Brothers of Wichita-based Koch Industries, who donated more to Brownback than to any other political
candidate during this period.[35][56]
Senators Brownback and Feinstein
in 2003 joined with Angelina Jolie,
the Goodwill Ambassador for United
Nations High Commissioner for
Refugees, call on bipartisan
legislation to reform the treatment
of unaccompanied alien minors
CREW complaints
Committees
Other notes
2008 presidential campaign

On December 4, 2006, Brownback formed an exploratory committee, the first step toward candidacy, and announced his presidential bid the
next day.[57] His views placed him in the social conservative wing of the Republican Party, and he stressed his fiscal conservatism. "I am an
economic, a fiscal, a social and a compassionate conservative", he said in December 2006.[58] On January 20, 2007, in Topeka, he
announced that he was running for President in 2008.[59] On February 22, 2007, a poll conducted by Rasmussen Reports held that three
percent of likely primary voters would support Brownback.[60]
On August 11, 2007, Brownback finished third in the Ames Straw Poll with 15.3 percent of all votes cast.[61] Fundraising and visits to his
website declined dramatically after this event, as many supporters had predicted Brownback would do much better,[62] and speculation
began that the candidate was considering withdrawing from the campaign. This sentiment increased after his lackluster performance in the
GOP presidential debate of September 5, broadcast from New Hampshire by Fox News Channel.[63] He dropped out of the race on October
18, 2007, citing a lack of funds.[64] He formally announced his decision on October 19.[65] He later endorsed John McCain for
president.[66]
In 2008, Brownback acknowledged he was considering running for governor in 2010.[67] In January 2009, Brownback officially filed the paperwork to run for governor.[68]
His principal Senate-career campaign donors, the Koch Brothers (and their Koch Industries), again backed Brownback's campaign.[35]
Polling agency Rasmussen Reports found that Brownback led his then-likely Democratic opponent, Tom Holland, by 31 points in May 2010.[4][69]
On June 1, 2010, Brownback named Kansas state Senator Jeff Colyer as his running mate.[70]
On November 2, 2010, Brownback won over Holland with 63.3% of the vote,[71] replacing Governor Mark Parkinson, who was sworn in after former Governor Kathleen Sebelius
resigned from her position and accepted the appointment to US Secretary of Health and Human Services in 2009.[72]
Brownback took office in January 2011, in the early years of national recovery from the Great Recession. Along with his victory, the
Legislative Republicans resumed control of the Kansas House of Representatives with their largest majority in half a century (now largely
members of the Tea Party movement sharing Brownback's views).[73]
Two of Brownback's major stated goals were to reduce taxes and to increase spending on education.[74]
Three separate polls between November 2015 and September 2016 ranked Brownback as the nation's least-popular governor[75][76][77]—a
September 2016 poll showing an approval rating of 23%.[78][79] In the state elections of 2016—seen largely as a referendum on Brownback's
policies and administration—Brownback's supporters in the legislature suffered major defeats.[80][11][81] In 2017, after a protracted
battle,[11] the new Kansas Legislature overrode Brownback's vetoes, voting to repeal his tax cuts and enact tax increases.[82][83][84][85]
In 2018 The Kansas City Star was named the only finalist in the Public Service category of the 2018 Pulitzer Prize for a series "Why, so secret,
Kansas?" which said that Kansas which had always been excessively secret in government reporting had only grown worse under Brownback.
Brownback's successor Jeff Colyer through executive order reversed some of the secrecy.[86][87]
Brownback has proposed fundamental tax reform to encourage investment and generate wealth while creating new jobs. Consistent with those objectives, he also proposed structural
reforms to the state's largest budget items, school finance,[88] Medicaid,[89] and Kansas Public Employees Retirement System (KPERS), which have unfunded liabilities of $8.3
billion.[90] Brownback sought to follow a "red state model", passing conservative social and economic policies.[91]
In May 2012, Brownback signed into law one of the largest income tax cuts in Kansas' history[8]—the nation's largest state income tax cut (in percentage) since the 1990s.[92]
Brownback described the tax cuts as a live experiment, stating that "[on] taxes, you need to get your overall rates down, and you need to get your social manipulation out of it, in my
estimation, to create growth. We'll see how it works. We'll have a real live experiment."[93][36][92]
The legislation was crafted with help from his Budget Director (former Koch brothers political consultant Steven Anderson);[35][56][94][95][36] the Koch-sponsored American
Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC);[96] and Arthur Laffer, a popular supply-side economist and former economic adviser for President Ronald Reagan.[73][97]
The law eliminated non-wage income taxes for the owners of 191,000 businesses, and cut individuals' income tax rates.[98] The first phase of his cuts reduced the top Kansas income-tax
rate from 6.45 percent down to 4.9 percent, and immediately eliminated income tax on business profits from partnerships and limited liability corporations passed through to
individuals.[92] The income tax cuts would provide US$231 million in tax relief in its first year, growing to US$934 million after six years.[98] A forecast from the Legislature’s research
staff indicated that a budget shortfall will emerge by 2014 and will grow to nearly US$2.5 billion by July 2018.[98] The cuts were based on model legislation published by the American
Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC).[99][100]
In an op-ed dated May 2014 in The Wall Street Journal, titled "A Midwest Renaissance Rooted in the Reagan Formula", Brownback compared his tax cut policies with those of Ronald
Reagan, and announced a "prosperous future" for Kansas, Oklahoma and Missouri, by having elected the economic principles that Reagan laid out in 1964.[101][36]
The act has received criticism for shifting the tax burden from wealthy Kansans to low- and moderate-income workers,[102] with the top income tax rate dropping by 25%.[103] Under
Brownback, Kansas also lowered the sales tax and eliminated a tax on small businesses.[103] The tax cuts helped contribute to Moody's downgrading of the state's bond rating in
2014.[104] They also contributed to the S&P Ratings' credit downgrade from AA+ to AA in August 2014 due to a budget that analysts described as structurally unbalanced.[105] As of
June 2014, the state has fallen far short of projected tax collections, receiving $369 million instead of the planned-for $651 million.[106]
Senator Brownback officially opened
his GOP presidential candidacy'
Iowa campaign headquarters in
West Des Moines, IA
2010 gubernatorial campaign
Governor of Kansas (2011–2018)
Brownback and 1st Infantry Division
Commanding General present a
medallion to a child whose father
died serving in Iraq
Legislative agenda
Taxes

The tax cuts and the effect on the economy of Kansas received considerable criticism in the media, including Michael Hiltzik in the Los Angeles Times, the editorial board of the
Washington Post, The New Republic, Bloomberg Businessweek,[92] and the New York Times who described Brownback's "conservative experiment" as a laboratory for policies that are
"too far to the right", and that as a result, more than 100 current and former Republican elected officials endorsed his opponent in the 2014 gubernatorial race, Democrat Paul
Davis.[106][107][108] Grover Norquist defended the tax cuts as a model for the nation.[109]
In February 2017, a bi-partisan coalition presented a bill that would repeal most of Brownback's tax overhaul to make up for the budget shortfall. The Senate passed SB 30 (38–0, with 2
not voting) on February 2, 2017.[110] The House passed SB 30 as amended (123–2) on February 22, 2017.[111] The Conference Committee Report was adopted by both the House (69–
52) and Senate (26–14) on June 5, 2017. On June 6, 2017 the bill was sent to Governor Brownback for signature, but he vetoed the bill. Later in the day coalition of Democrats and newly
elected Republicans voted to override the veto and SB 30 became law.[112] Senate Bill 30 repealed most of tax cuts which had taken effect in January 2013.
Brownback's tax overhaul was described in a June 2017 article in The Atlantic as the United States' "most aggressive experiment in conservative economic policy".[113] The drastic tax
cuts had "threatened the viability of schools and infrastructure" in Kansas.[113]
"The Brownback experiment didn’t work. We saw that loud and clear."[113]
— Heidi Holliday, executive director of the Kansas Center for Economic Growth 2017
In April 2014, Brownback signed a controversial school finance bill that eliminated mandatory due process hearings, which were previously required to fire experienced teachers.
According to the Kansas City Star, "The bill also allows school districts to hire unlicensed teachers for science and math classes. And it creates a tax break for corporations that donate to
private school scholarship funds."[114] The resulting cuts in funding caused districts to shut down the school year early.[115]
In 2015, the job growth rate in was .8 percent, among the lowest rate in America with only "10,900 total nonfarm jobs" added that year.[116][117] Kansas had a $350 million budget
shortfall in February 2017.[118] In February 2017, S&P downgraded Kansas' credit rating to AA−.[119]
In August 2011—over the objections of fellow Republican, Kansas Insurance Commissioner Sandy Praeger[36]—Brownback announced he was declining a $31.5 million grant from the
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services to set up an insurance exchange as part of the federal health care reform law.[120] In May 2011, Brownback had directed the state's
insurance commissioner to slow the implementation timeline for the exchange development. Upon announcing the refusal of the budgeted grant money for the state, his office stated,
"There is much uncertainty surrounding the ability of the federal government to meet its already budgeted future spending obligations. Every state should be preparing for fewer federal
resources, not more. To deal with that reality Kansas needs to maintain maximum flexibility. That requires freeing Kansas from the strings attached to the Early Innovator Grant."[16]
The move was unanimously supported by the delegates of the state party central committee at its August 2011 meeting, but a The New York Times editorial criticized Brownback for
turning down the grant which could have helped ease the state's own budget: "Instead of letting Kansas design its own model program for an online computer exchange to help people
choose among health insurance providers, Mr. Brownback’s rebuff increases the likelihood that the state must design one at its own expense or see federal officials create an exchange, as
required under the new law."[121][36]
Brownback also signed into law the Health Care Freedom Act, based on model legislation published by the American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC).[99][100]
Brownback signed three anti-abortion bills in 2011. In April 2011, he signed a bill banning abortion after 21 weeks, and a bill requiring that a
doctor get a parent's notarized signature before providing an abortion to a minor.[122] In May 2011, Brownback approved a bill prohibiting
insurance companies from offering abortion coverage as part of general health plans unless the procedure is necessary to save a woman's life.
The law also prohibits any health-insurance exchange in Kansas established under the federal Affordable Care Act from offering coverage for
abortions other than to save a woman’s life.[123]
A Kansas budget passed with Brownback's approval in 2011 blocked Planned Parenthood of Kansas and Mid-Missouri from receiving family
planning funds from the state. The funding amounted to about $330,000 a year.[124] A judge has blocked the budget provision, ordered
Kansas to begin funding the organization again, and agreed with Planned Parenthood that it was being unfairly targeted.[125] In response,
the state filed an appeal seeking to overturn the judge's decision.[126] Brownback has defended anti-abortion laws in Kansas, including the
Planned Parenthood defunding. "You can’t know for sure what all comes out of that afterwards, but it was the will of the Legislature and the
people of the state of Kansas", Brownback said.[127]
In May 2012, Brownback signed the Health Care Rights of Conscience Act, which "will allow pharmacists to refuse to provide drugs they
believe might cause an abortion".[128]
In April 2013, Brownback signed a bill that blocked tax breaks for abortion providers, banned sex-selection abortions and declared that life begins at fertilization. The law notes that any
rights suggested by the language are limited by U.S. Supreme Court decisions.[17]
On April 7, 2015, Brownback signed The Unborn Child Protection From Dismemberment Abortion Act, which bans the most common technique used for second-trimester abortions.
This made Kansas the first state to do so.[129][130]
Brownback was the only other governor to attend Governor Rick Perry's prayer event in August 2011.[131][132] About 22,000 people attended the rally, and Brownback and Perry were
the only elected officials to speak.[133] The decision resulted in some controversy and newspaper editorials demonstrating disappointment in his attendance of the rally.[134][135]
Education
Economy
Health care
Abortion
Sam Brownback speaking at the
2015 Conservative Political Action
Conference (CPAC) in National
Harbor, Maryland on February 27,
2015.
Prayer rally

In October 2013, Kansas state representative Paul Davis, the Democratic minority leader of the Kansas House of Representatives, announced he would challenge Brownback in the 2014
Kansas gubernatorial election.[136]
In July 2014, more than 100 current and former Kansas Republican officials (including former state party chairmen, Kansas Senate presidents, Kansas House speakers, and majority
leaders) endorsed Democrat Davis over Republican Brownback[12][13]—citing concern over Brownback's deep cuts in education and other government services, as well as the tax cuts
that had left the state with a major deficit.[137]
Tim Keck, chief of staff of Brownback's running mate, Lt. Governor Jeff Colyer, unearthed and publicized a 1998 police report that noted that Davis, 26 and unmarried at the time, had
been briefly detained during the raid of a strip club, where he had been taken by his new boss at a law firm that represented the club. Davis was found to have no involvement in the
cause for the raid and quickly allowed to leave.[138] The incident and its publication were seen as particularly advantageous for Brownback (who, until then, had trailed badly in polling),
as it could be expected to become the focus of a typical 30-second campaign ad used to characterize his opponent.[139]
Responding to criticism of Keck's involvement in the campaign, Brownback spokesman Paul Milburn commented that it was legal to use taxpayer-paid staff to campaign, responding
directly to the controversy, saying, "Paul Davis must have spent too much time in VIP rooms at strip clubs back in law school...", because he "... should know full well that the law allows
personal staff of the governor’s office to work on campaign issues." In Kansas, however, getting records about crimes that law enforcement has investigated is typically difficult. The
Legislature closed those records to the public over three decades earlier: If members of the public desire incident reports and investigative files, they normally have to sue to obtain them,
cases sometimes costing $25,000 or more. Media law experts were amazed after learning Montgomery County's sheriff released non-public investigative files from 1998 with just a
records request. "That is unusual," said Mike Merriam, media lawyer for the Kansas Press Association. "They have denied releasing records routinely over and over and over again."
Brownback's campaign capitalized on the 16-year-old incident.[140][141]
Brownback was reelected with a plurality, defeating Davis by a 3.69 percent margin.[142][15][143] His appointment of Tim Keck as Secretary of the Department of Aging and Disability
was confirmed on January 18, 2017.[144]
In March 2017, it was reported that Brownback was being considered by President Donald Trump to be appointed either as his U.S. Ambassador to the U.N. for Food and Agriculture in
Rome,[145] and as the U.S. Ambassador-at-Large for International Religious Freedom in Washington, DC.[146] On July 26, 2017, the White House issued a statement that Brownback
would be nominated as the U.S. Ambassador-at-Large for International Religious Freedom On July 26, 2017, the White House issued a statement that Brownback would be nominated as
the new U.S. Ambassador-at-Large for International Religious Freedom.[18] As a senator in 1998, Brownback sponsored the legislation that first created the office.[19]
Due to his positions and actions on Islam and LGBT issues, Brownback's nomination was criticized by figures such as Rabbi Moti Rieber, the executive director of Kansas Interfaith
Action,[147] Robert McCaw, director of government affairs for the Council on American-Islamic Relations (CAIR),[148] as well as the American Civil Liberties Union.[149]
As of the end of the 2017 session, Brownback's Ambassadorial nomination had not come up for a confirmation vote. As it failed to receive unanimous support for it to carry over to 2018
for approval, it required renomination to come to a vote.[150] He was renominated on January 8, 2018.[151]
On January 24, 2018, the Senate voted along party lines, 49–49, with two Republicans absent, to advance his nomination to the floor, with Vice President Mike Pence casting the tie-
breaking vote to end the Democrats' filibuster. With the Senate again locked at 49–49 later that day, Pence again cast the tie-breaking vote, confirming the nomination.[19] On January
25, Brownback submitted his resignation as governor, effective January 31, 2018, and Lieutenant Governor Jeff Colyer was sworn in as governor.[3][152]
Brownback was sworn in on February 1, 2018.[153][154][155] He became the first Catholic to serve in the role.[147][156]
Brownback opposes abortion in all cases except when the life of the pregnant woman is in danger. He has a 100 percent pro-life voting record according to the National Right to Life
Committee. Brownback also supports parental notification for minors who seek an abortion and opposes partial birth abortion.[157] Brownback was personally anti-abortion though
politically pro-choice during the early days of his career.[158] Brownback has more recently stated, "I see it as the lead moral issue of our day, just like slavery was the lead moral issue
150 years ago."[159] On May 3, 2007, when asked his opinion of repealing Roe v. Wade, Brownback said, "It would be a glorious day of human liberty and freedom."[160]
In 2007, Brownback stated he "could support a pro-choice nominee" to the presidency, because "this is a big coalition party."[161]
In May 2011, Brownback eliminated by executive order and then subsequently vetoed government funding for the Kansas Arts Commission in response to state defiance of his executive
order, making Kansas the first state to de-fund its arts commission.[162] The National Endowment for the Arts informed Kansas that without a viable state arts agency, it would not
receive a planned $700,000 federal grant.[163] Brownback has said he believes private donations should fund arts and culture in the state. He created the Kansas Arts Foundation, an
organization dedicated to private fundraising to make up the gap created by state budget cuts.[163][164]
Brownback said in an interview, "I am not a supporter of a death penalty, other than in cases where we cannot protect the society and have other lives at stake."[165] In a speech on the
Senate Judiciary Committee, he questioned the current use of the death penalty as potentially incongruent with the notion of a "culture of life", and suggested it be employed in a more
limited fashion.[166]
2014 gubernatorial election
U.S. Ambassador-at-Large for International Religious Freedom
Nomination
Tenure
Positions
Abortion
Arts
Capital punishment

Brownback visited refugee camps in Sudan in 2004 and returned to write a resolution labeling the Darfur conflict as genocide, and has been active on attempting to increase U.S. efforts
to resolve the situation short of military intervention.[167] He is an endorser of the Genocide Intervention Network, which called him a "champion of Darfur" in its Darfur scorecard,
primarily for his early advocacy of the Darfur Peace and Accountability Act.[168]
He was rated 100 percent by the US Chamber of Commerce, indicating a pro-business voting record.
He has consistently supported a low tax-and-spend policy for government.[92] As governor he urged a flattening of the income tax to spur
economic growth in Kansas. In December 2005, Brownback advocated using Washington, DC, as a laboratory for a flat tax.[169][170] He
voted Yes on a Balanced-budget constitutional amendment. He opposed the Estate Tax.
He was rated 100 percent by the Cato Institute, indicating a pro-free trade voting record.[171]
In 2005, the organization Republicans for Environmental Protection ("REP") gave Brownback a grade of 7 percent for the 107th United
States Congress, but in 2006, increased the rating to 26%.[172] Senator Brownback supported an amendment to the Energy Policy Act of
2005, offered by Senator Jeff Bingaman, (D-NM), requiring at least 10 percent of electricity sold by utilities to originate from renewable
resources.[172] He has also supported conservation of rare felids & canids. He has voted for increased funding for international conservation of cranes. Brownback has supported oil
drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge and in the Gulf of Mexico, as a way to reduce dependence on foreign oil. He has promoted the use of renewable energy such as nuclear,
wind, solar, and hydroelectric sources to achieve energy independence.[157]
Brownback has stated that he is a devout believer in a higher power and rejects macroevolution as an exclusive explanation for the development over time of new species from older
ones.[173] Brownback favors giving teachers the freedom to use intelligent design to critique evolutionary theory as part of the Teach the Controversy approach:
There's intelligence involved in the overall of creation ... I don't think we're really at the point of teaching this in the classroom. I think what we passed in the U.S. Senate in
2002 the Santorum Amendment is really what we should be doing, and that is that you teach the controversy, you teach what is fact is fact, and what is theory is theory, and
you move from that proceedings, rather than from teaching some sort of different thought. And this, I really think that's the area we should concentrate on at the present
time, is teaching the controversy.[174]
— Senator Sam Brownback, Larry King Live, CNN, August 23, 2005
Brownback spoke out against the denial of tenure at Iowa State University to astronomer Guillermo Gonzalez, a proponent of intelligent design, saying "such an assault on academic
freedom does not bode well for the advancement of true science."[175]
Brownback opposes a single-payer, government-run health-care system. He supports increased health insurance portability, eliminating insurance rejection due to pre-existing medical
conditions, a cap on frivolous malpractice lawsuits, the implementation of an electronic medical records system, an emphasis on preventative care, and tax benefits aimed at making
health-care insurance more affordable for the uninsured and targeted to promote universal access. He opposes government-funded elective abortions in accordance with the Hyde
Amendment. He has been a strong supporter of legislation to establish a national childhood cancer database and an increase in funding for autism research.[157] Brownback supports
negotiating bulk discounts on Medicare drug benefits to reduce prices. In 2007, Senators Brownback and Sherrod Brown (D-OH) sponsored an amendment to the Food and Drug
Administration Amendments Act of 2007. The amendment created a prize as an incentive for companies to invest in new drugs and vaccines for neglected tropical diseases. It awards a
transferable "Priority Review Voucher" to any company that obtains approval for a treatment for a neglected tropical disease. This provision adds to the market-based incentives
available for the development of new medicines for developing world diseases such as malaria, tuberculosis and African sleeping sickness. The prize was initially proposed by Duke
University faculty Henry Grabowski, Jeffrey Moe, and David Ridley in their 2006 Health Affairs paper: "Developing Drugs for Developing Countries."[176]
Brownback supports a bill that would introduce price transparency to the U.S. health care industry,[177] as well as a bill which would require the disclosure of Medicare payment rate
information.[178]
On December 16, 2006, Brownback gave an interview to the Christian Post, stating: "We can get to this goal of eliminating deaths by cancer in ten years."[179]
Brownback had a Senate voting record that has tended to support higher legal immigration levels[180] and strong refugee protection. Brownback was cosponsor of a 2005 bill of Ted
Kennedy and John McCain's which would have created a legal path to citizenship for millions of illegal immigrants already present.[181] On June 26, 2007, Brownback voted in favor of
S. 1639, the Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act.[182][183] Brownback supports increasing numbers of legal immigrants, building a fence on Mexican border, and the reform bill "if
enforced." While he initially supported giving guest workers a path to citizenship, Brownback eventually voted "Nay" on June 28, 2007.[184] Brownback has said that he supports
immigration reform because the Bible says to welcome the stranger.[185]
On April 25, 2016, Brownback issued executive orders barring state agencies from facilitating refugee resettlement from Syria and other majority Muslim countries, in concert with the
federal Office of Refugee Resettlement (ORR). He maintained they presented security risks. His decision entirely removed the state from the program. The federal Office of Refugee
Resettlement served notice that it would instead work directly with local refugee resettlement organizations. Mark Greenberg of the federal Administration for Children and Families
said, “If the state were to cease participating in the refugee resettlement program, it would have no effect on the placement of refugees by the State Department in Kansas, or the ORR-
funded benefits they can receive." Although states are legally entitled to withdraw from the program, the initial withdrawal for claimed security reasons, is the first in the nation. Micah
Kubic, the Kansas ACLU's executive director said Brownback’s policy removed the state from the process of protecting those seeking safety jeopardized by their religious beliefs, despite
Darfur
Economic issues
Brownback addresses during the
Kansas Soybean Expo 2014
Environmental protection
Evolution
Health care
Immigration

such refugees receiving thorough screenings: "It's very sad and very unfortunate that the governor is allowing fear to get in the way of hospitality and traditional Kansas values." Earlier
in 2016, Brownback directed state agencies to use the State Department’s list of state-sponsors of terrorism to exclude refugees whose presence might constitute security risks. Refugees
who were fleeing danger in Iran, Sudan and Syria were singled out for exclusion. Thanks to Brownback's initiative, Kansas would lose about $2.2 million annually that had been provided
to support resettlement agencies. The state had been working with three such agencies, among them Catholic Charities of Northeast Kansas, to in making appropriate placements. In the
seven months preceding his order, 354 refugees from all countries have been resettled in Kansas, she said, with thirteen Syrians placed in the Wichita or Kansas City areas of the state in
prior sixteen months. Democratic Representative Jim Ward, from Wichita, characterized Brownback’s announcement as "a distraction," intended solely for political purposes, as Kansas
faced a $290 million budget deficit.[186]
Brownback's withdrawal from the federal refugee resettlement made Kansas the first state to do so.[148]
Brownback supported a political surge coupled with the military surge of 2007 in Iraq and opposed the Democratic Party's strategy of timed
withdrawal:
It does mean that there must be bipartisan agreement for our military commitment on Iraq. We cannot fight a war with the
support of only one political party. And it does mean that the parties in Iraq – Sunni, Shi’a and Kurds – must get to a political
agreement, to a political equilibrium. I think most people agree that a cut and run strategy does not serve our interest at all, nor
those of the world, nor those of the region, nor those of the Iraqi people. So I invite my colleagues, all around, particularly on
the other side of the aisle, to indicate what level of commitment they can support.[187]
— Senator Sam Brownback, U.S. Senate floor speech, January 16, 2007
In May 2007 Brownback stated, "We have not lost war; we can win by pulling together" He voted Yes on authorizing use of military force against Iraq, voted No on requiring on-budget
funding for Iraq, not emergency funding and voted No on redeploying troops out of Iraq by July 2007.[171] He has also condemned anti-Muslim bigotry in name of anti-terrorism.[157]
On June 7, 2007, Brownback voted against the Habeas Corpus Restoration Act of 2007 when that bill came up for a vote in the Senate Judiciary Committee, on which Brownback
sits.[188] (The bill was passed out of the committee by a vote of 11 to 8.)[189] The bill aims to restore habeas corpus rights revoked by the Military Commissions Act of 2006.[190]
In October 2007, Brownback announced his support for a plan designed by Benny Elon, then-chairman of Israel's far-right-wing National
Union/National Religious Party (NU/NRP) alliance.[191] Elon's positions included dismantling the Palestinian National Authority and Hamas and
rejecting a two-state solution. The plan calls for the complete annexation of the West Bank by Israel, and the deportation of its massive majority Arab
population to a new Palestinian state to be created within present-day Jordan, against that latter country's historic opposition.[191]
In 1996, as a member of the House of Representatives, Brownback voted for the Defense of Marriage Act, which defined marriage for purposes of federal
law as the union between a man and a woman.[192] Brownback has stated that he believes homosexuality to be immoral as a violation of both Catholic
doctrine[193] and natural law.[194] He has voted against gay rights, receiving zeros in four of the last five scorecards as a U.S. senator from the Human
Rights Campaign.[195][196][197][198][199] He opposes both same-sex marriage and same-sex civil unions.[194] He opposes adding sexual orientation
and gender identity to federal laws that address hate crime.[194][200] He has declined to state a position on homosexual adoption,[201][202] although a
candidate for chair of the Kansas Republican Party claims he was blackballed by political operatives affiliated with Brownback for not opposing
homosexual adoption.[203] Brownback supported "don't ask, don't tell,"[204] the U.S. government's ban on openly homosexual people in the military.
Brownback has associated with organizations such as the Family Research Council[205][206] and American Family Association.[207][208] Both
organizations are listed as anti-gay hate groups by the Southern Poverty Law Center.
In 2003, Brownback worked with Alliance for Marriage and Traditional Values Coalition to introduce a Senate bill containing the Federal Marriage Amendment, a proposed amendment
to the United States Constitution that would federally prohibit same-sex marriage in the United States.[209][210][211][212] The bill was a response to Goodridge v. Department of
Public Health, the Massachusetts state court decision finding that same-sex couples had the right to marry in Massachusetts.[209][210][211] In reaction to the Goodridge decision,
Brownback stated that same-sex marriage threatened the health of American families and culture.[213]
In 2006, Brownback blocked the confirmation of federal judicial nominee Janet T. Neff because she had attended a same-sex commitment ceremony.[214][215][216] At first, he agreed
to lift the block only if Neff would recuse herself from all cases involving same-sex unions. Brownback later dropped his opposition.[214][215][216] Neff was nominated to the United
States District Court for the Western District of Michigan by President George W. Bush on March 19, 2007 to a seat vacated David McKeague and was confirmed by a vote of 83-4 by the
Senate on July 9, 2007. She received her commission on August 6, 2007.[45]
In April 2011, Brownback began work on a Kansas government program to promote marriage, in part through grants to faith-based and secular social service organizations.[217][218] In
June 2011, the administration revised contract expectations for social work organizations to promote married mother-father families.[219][220] It explained the change as benefiting
children.[219][220]
In January 2012, Brownback did not include Kansas's sodomy law in a list of unenforced and outdated laws that the legislature should repeal.[221][222][223][224] Gay rights advocates
had asked his administration to recommend its repeal because the law has been unenforceable since the Supreme Court's Lawrence v. Texas decision in 2003.[221][222][223][224][225]
In February 2012, the Brownback administration supported a religious freedom bill that would have stopped cities, school districts, universities, and executive agencies from having
nondiscrimination laws or policies that covered sexual orientation or gender identity.[226][227][228]
In 2013, after oral arguments in United States v. Windsor, the U.S. Supreme Court case striking down part of the Defense of Marriage Act, Brownback publicly reaffirmed his opposition
to same-sex marriage.[229]
Iraq
Brownback posing with U.S. troops
in Iraq.
Israel and the Palestinian Territories
Brownback at the
December 2007 AIPAC
Policy Conference
LGBT issues

In 2014, the U.S. Supreme Court denied petitions to review several federal appellate decisions overturning state bans on same-sex marriage.[230][231] The court's actions favored repeal
of Kansas's ban on same-sex marriage because two of the appeals (Kitchen v. Herbert and Bishop v. Oklahoma) originated in the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit,
which includes Kansas.[230][231] In response, Brownback defended Kansas's same-sex marriage ban as being supported by a majority of Kansas voters and criticized "activist judges"
for "overruling" the people of Kansas.[232][233][234]
On February 10, 2015, Brownback issued an executive order rescinding protections for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender state workers that was put into place by then-Gov. Kathleen
Sebelius eight years previously.[235] In the February 11, 2015, edition of The Daily Show, comedian Jon Stewart suggested that an internet campaign similar to the campaign for the
neologism "santorum", which had lampooned former U.S. Senator Rick Santorum, could introduce a similarly sex-related neologism "brownbacking" in order to embarrass Brownback.
The ACLU generally characterized his actions as being "religious freedom to discriminate."[149]
Brownback supports adult stem cell research and cord blood stem cells. Brownback appeared with three children adopted from in vitro fertilization clinics to coincide with a Senate
debate over the Cord Blood Stem Cell Act of 2005[236] to show his support for the bill and adult stem cell research. The Religious Freedom Coalition refers to children conceived through
the adopted in vitro process as "snowflake children."[237] The term, as proponents explain, is an extension of the idea that the embryos are "frozen and unique," and in that way are
similar to snowflakes.[237] Brownback supports the use of cord blood stem cell research for research and treatment. He opposes the use of embryonic stem cells in research or
treatments for human health conditions.[171]
On September 27, 2006, Brownback introduced a bill called the Truth in Video Game Rating Act (S.3935), which would regulate the rating system of computer and video games.
On June 15, 2006, President George W. Bush signed into law the Broadcast Decency Enforcement Act of 2005 sponsored by Brownback, a former broadcaster himself. The new law
stiffens the penalties for each violation of the Act. The Federal Communications Commission will be able to impose fines in the amount of $325,000 for each violation by each station
that violates decency standards. The legislation raises the fine by tenfold.[238][239]
On September 3, 1997, Meredith O'Rourke, an employee of Kansas firm Triad Management Services, was deposed by the Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs regarding her
activities and observations while providing services for the company relative to fund raising and advertising for Brownback. The deposition claims that Triad circumvented existing
campaign finance laws by channeling donations through Triad, and also bypassed the campaign law with Triad running 'issue ads' during Brownback's first campaign for the
Senate.[240][241]
He has said he does not believe there is an inherent right to privacy in the U.S. Constitution. He has, however, expressed disapproval of George W. Bush's assertions on the legality of the
NSA wiretapping program.[242]
Brownback voted to maintain current gun laws: guns sold without trigger locks. He opposes gun control.[171]
Brownback is a lead sponsor of the International Marriage Broker Regulation Act of 2005 and frequently speaks out against the mail-order bride industry.[243]
Brownback introduced into the Senate a resolution (Senate Joint Resolution 4) calling for the United States to apologize for past mistreatment of Native Americans.[244][245][246]
Brownback's voting record on civil rights was rated 20 percent by the ACLU. He voted "yes" on ending special funding for minority and
women-owned business and "yes" on recommending a Constitutional ban on flag desecration. He opposes quotas in admission to institutions
of higher education.[171] He voted "yes" on increasing penalties for drug offenses and voted "yes" on more penalties for gun and drug
violations.[171]
Brownback voted against banning chemical weapons.[171] He voted "yes" on reauthorizing the PATRIOT Act and voted "yes" on extending
the PATRIOT Act's wiretap provision.[171] In May 2007, Brownback stated that "Iran is the lead sponsor of terrorism around the world." He
supports talks and peaceful measures with Iran, but no formal diplomatic relations.[171]
Throughout his Senate career, Brownback's principal campaign donors were the politically influential libertarian Koch brothers of Kansas,
and their enterprises, including Kansas-based Koch Industries—and Brownback was one of the candidates most-heavily funded by the Kochs'
campaign donations. Over the course of his political career, they donated hundreds of thousands of dollars to his
campaigns.[35][56][36][92][73]
Brownback's signature tax and regulatory policies coincides tightly with the Kochs' position on those issues.[35][56] It was crafted with the assistance of the Koch-backed American
Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC) and Brownback's first Budget Director, Steve Anderson. Anderson was a former Koch employee who previously worked at the Koch's principal
political organization, the libertarian think-tank Americans for Prosperity (AFP), developing a "model budget" for Kansas, until his appointment as Brownback's first budget director.
Anderson remained Brownback's budget director for three years, before returning to a Koch-linked think tank, the Kansas Policy Institute.[94][95][36]
Brownback also hired the wife of a Koch-enterprise executive as his spokesperson.[73]
Brownback, however, has denied that the Kochs have an undue influence in Kansas government,[35] and analysts have noted key differences between Brownback and the Kochs in two of
Brownback's main gubernatorial policy areas:
social issues: (On abortion, Brownback is pro-life, the Kochs pro-choice; Brownback opposes various LGBT rights, the libertarian Kochs accept them);[35][36] and
renewable energy standards for Kansas, which promote renewable energy (supported by Brownback; opposed by the Kochs, whose chief business is the fossil-fuel
industry).[35][36]
Stem cell research
Other issues
Governor Sam Brownback makes
remarks at a ground breaking
ceremony at McConnell Air Force
Base
Relationship with Koch family
Personal life

Brownback is married to Mary Brownback (née Stauffer), whose family owned and operated Stauffer Communications until its sale in
1995.[248] They have five children: Abby, Andy, Elizabeth, Mark, and Jenna. Two of their children are adopted.[249] A former evangelical
Christian, Brownback converted to Catholicism[92] in 2002, and is associated with the conservative denominational organization, Opus
Dei,[250] but still sometimes attends an evangelical church with his family.[251]
Kansas's 2nd congressional district: 1994 results[252]
Year Democratic Votes Pct Republican Votes Pct Overall Turnout
1994 John Carlin 71,025 34.4% Sam Brownback 135,725 65.6% 206,750
Kansas's 2nd Congressional District Republican Primary Election Results, 1994
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Sam Brownback 35,415 48.3
Republican Bob Bennie 26,008 35.5
Republican Joe Hume 11,872 16.2
Total votes 73,295 100.0
In 1996, Bob Dole resigned from the U.S. Senate to focus on his campaign for U.S. President. Lieutenant Governor Sheila Frahm was appointed to Dole's Senate seat by Governor Bill
Graves. Brownback defeated Frahm in the Republican primary and won the general election against Jill Docking to serve out the remainder of Dole's term.
United States Senate special election in Kansas, 1996: Republican Primary Results
Year Incumbent Votes Pct Challenger Votes Pct Challenger Votes Pct Overall
Turnou
1996
Sheila
Frahm
142,487 41.6%
Sam
Brownback 187,914 54.8%
Christina
Campbell-
Cline
12,378 3.6% 342,779
United States Senate special election in Kansas, 1996: General Election Results
Year Democratic Votes Pct Republican Votes Pct Reform Votes Pct Overall
Turnout
1996 Jill Docking 461,344 43.3%
Sam
Brownback 574,021 53.9%
Donald
R.
Klaassen
29,351 2.8% 1,064,716
U.S. Senate elections in Kansas, (Class III): Results 1998–2004[252]
Year Democratic Votes Pct Republican Votes Pct Libertarian Votes Pct Refo
1998 Paul Feleciano 229,718 31.6%
Sam
Brownback 474,639 65.3% Tom Oyler 11,545 1.6%
Alvin
Baum
2004 Lee Jones 310,337 27.5%
Sam
Brownback 780,863 69.2% Steven A.
Rosile
21,842 1.9%
Geor
Cook
Brownback discusses science and
religion in American politics in
October 2007, during his
presidential run.[247]
Electoral history
U.S. Senator
0:00 MENU

Kansas's U.S. Senate Republican Primary Election Results, 2004
Republican Arch Naramore 42,880 13.0
Governor's Republican primary election in Kansas, 2010
Republican Joan Heffington 57,160 17.8
Governor's election in Kansas, 2010 [253]
Republican Sam Brownback – Jeff Colyer 530,760 63.28
Democratic Tom Holland – Kelly Kultala 270,166 32.21
Libertarian Andrew Gray – Stacey Davis 22,460 2.68
Reform Ken Cannon – Dan Faubion 15,397 1.84
Republican gain from Democratic
Governor's Republican primary election in Kansas, 2014
Republican Jennifer Winn 96,907 36.7
Governor's election in Kansas, 2014[254]
Republican Sam Brownback – Jeff Colyer 433,196 49.82
Democratic Paul Davis – Jill Docking 401,100 46.13
Libertarian Keen A. Umbehr – Josh Umbehr 35,206 4.05
Total votes 869,502 100.00
United States immigration debate
How Democracy Works Now: Twelve Stories
1. "Harland E. Priddle" (http://www.kansasmemory.org/item/203655). Kansas Memory. Kansas Historical Society. Retrieved 11 June 2017.
2. "Philip A. Fishburn - Kansas Memory" (http://www.kansasmemory.org/item/203653). www.kansasmemory.org. Retrieved January 24, 2018.
Governor of Kansas
See also
References

3. Pappas, Alex (January 25, 2018). "Kansas Gov. Sam Brownback resigns to take Trump administration role" (http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/01/25/kansas-gov-sam-brownb
ack-resigns-to-take-trump-administration-role.html). Fox News. Retrieved January 25, 2018.
4. "Election 2010: Kansas Governor – Rasmussen Reports" (http://www.rasmussenreports.com/public_content/politics/elections2/election_2010/election_2010_governor_elections/ka
nsas/election_2010_kansas_governor). Rasmussenreports.com. Retrieved August 23, 2010.
5. "Election 2010" (https://web.archive.org/web/20100825075820/http://www.cqpolitics.com/wmspage.cfm?parm1=183). CQ Politics. Archived from the original (http://www.cqpoliti
cs.com/wmspage.cfm?parm1=183) on August 25, 2010. Retrieved August 23, 2010.
6. "The Cook Political Report – Charts – 2010 Governors Race Ratings" (https://web.archive.org/web/20101028142644/http://cookpolitical.com/charts/governors/raceratings_2010-0
2-04_10-04-22.php). Cookpolitical.com. February 4, 2010. Archived from the original (http://www.cookpolitical.com/charts/governors/raceratings_2010-02-04_10-04-22.php) on
October 28, 2010. Retrieved August 23, 2010.
7. Mclean, Jim (September 30, 2017). "Trump's Tax Plan Has Echoes Of The Kansas Tax Cut Experiment" (https://www.npr.org/2017/09/30/554506190/trump-s-tax-plan-has-echoes
-of-the-kansas-tax-cut-experiment). NPR. Retrieved October 4, 2017.
8. "Kansas small-business owners say elimination of income tax is a big help" (http://www.kansas.com/2012/05/24/2346375/kansas-small-business-owners-say.html). The Wichita
Eagle. May 24, 2012.
9. Casselman, Ben; Koerth-Baker, Maggie; Barry-Jester, Anna Maria; Cheng, Michelle (June 9, 2017). "The Kansas Experiment Is Bad News For Trump's Tax Cuts" (https://fivethirtyei
ght.com/features/the-kansas-experiment-is-bad-news-for-trumps-tax-cuts/). FiveThirtyEight. FiveThirtyEight. Retrieved October 4, 2017.
10. "Kansas Legislature approves budget deal, after lawmakers deliver blistering critiques of state finances," (http://cjonline.com/news-state-government-local-state/2016-05-02/kansa
s-legislature-approves-budget-deal-after-lawmakers) May 2, 2016, Topeka Capital-Journal
11. "Kansas Republicans Sour on Their Tax-Cut Experiment" (https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/02/the-republican-blowback-against-sam-brownback-kansas/517641/)
February 24, 2017, The Atlantic
12. "Paul Davis secures endorsement of more than 100 former and current Republican officials," (http://www.kansas.com/news/politics-government/article1148593.html) July 15,
2014, Wichita Eagle
13. "Some in Kansas GOP Break With Gov. Brownback, Endorse Democratic Opponent," (https://www.wsj.com/articles/some-in-kansas-gop-break-with-gov-brownback-endorse-democ
ratic-opponent-1405441534) July 15, 2014, Wall Street Journal
14. Eligon, John (September 14, 2014). "Conservative Experiment Faces Revolt in Reliably Red Kansas" (https://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/15/us/conservative-experiment-faces-revol
t-in-reliably-red-kansas.html). The New York Times. Retrieved September 15, 2014.
15. Sam Brownback prevails over Paul Davis for second term as Kansas governor (http://www.kansas.com/news/politics-government/election/article3565951.html), Wichita Eagle,
Byron Lowry & Suzanne Perez Tobias, November 4, 2017. Retrieved March 13, 2017.
16. "Kansas returns $31.5M exchange grant – Jason Millman and Kate Nocera" (http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0811/60967.html). Politico.Com. Retrieved July 23, 2013.
17. "Brownback signs sweeping anti-abortion bill" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130421160123/http://www.kansascity.com/2013/04/19/4191877/kansas-gov-brownback-signs-swee
ping.html). Associated Press. April 19, 2013. Archived from the original (http://www.kansascity.com/2013/04/19/4191877/kansas-gov-brownback-signs-sweeping.html) on April
21, 2013. Retrieved April 25, 2013.
18. Smith, Mitch; Fortin, Jacey (July 26, 2017). "Gov. Sam Brownback of Kansas Will Be Nominated as Religious Ambassador" (https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/26/us/politics/sam-b
rownback-kansas-ambassador-international-religious-freedom.html?ribbon-ad-idx=4&rref=us&module=Ribbon&version=context&region=Header&action=click&contentCollection=
U.S.&pgtype=article). New York Times. New York City. Retrieved July 27, 2017.
19. Conradis, Brandon (January 24, 2018). "Pence ends filibuster on Brownback nomination" (http://thehill.com/homenews/senate/370556-pence-ends-filibuster-on-brownback-nomin
ation). TheHill. Retrieved January 25, 2018.
20. http://ksnt.com/2018/02/01/brownback-sworn-in-as-u-s-ambassador-at-large-for-international-religious-freedom/
21. "Partial Genealogy of the Brownbacks (of Kansas)" (http://www.politicalfamilytree.com/samples%20content/members/PDF%20Content/Brownback-KS-1.pdf) (PDF). Political
Family Tree. CLP Research. Retrieved June 11, 2017.
22. "RootsWeb - Samuel Dale Brownback" (http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~battle/senators/brownback.htm). Learning Centers at Ancestry.com. Retrieved
June 11, 2017.
23. Eastland, Terry (August 7, 2006). "Mr. Compassionate Conservative" (https://archive.is/20120703153805/http://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/012/51
1umjoo.asp). The Weekly Standard. 011 (44). pp. 1–3. Archived from the original (http://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/012/511umjoo.asp) on July 3,
2012.
24. "Prominent Former Members" (https://web.archive.org/web/20060829035509/http://www.ffa.org/about_ffa/html/ffa_formermembers.html). National FFA Organization. Archived
from the original (http://www.ffa.org/about_ffa/html/ffa_formermembers.html) on August 29, 2006.
25. "Sam Brownback, U.S. Senator, Kansas, Landon Lecture" (http://www.k-state.edu/media/newsreleases/landonlect/brownbacktext206.html). K-State Media Relations. Kansas State
University. February 22, 2006.
26. Kapochunas, Rachel (January 18, 2007). "Brownback, Set to Launch GOP White House Bid, Will Fight from the Right" (https://www.nytimes.com/cq/2007/01/18/cq_2142.html).
The New York Times. Retrieved June 11, 2017.
27. Rhodes, Carla (August 22, 2007). "Candidate Profile Sam Brownback" (http://www.cbsnews.com/news/candidate-profile-sam-brownback/). CBS News. Retrieved June 10, 2017.
28. "19 Sep 1986, 25 - The Springfield News-Leader at Newspapers.com" (https://www.newspapers.com/image/310846533/?terms=sam+brownback). Retrieved January 23, 2018.
29. "27 Dec 1994, Page 3 - The Salina Journal at Newspapers.com" (https://www.newspapers.com/image/2271301/?terms=But+six+days+after+his+30th+birthday+in+September+
1986+Brownback+was+hired+by+the+state+Board+of+Agriculture+as+secretary). Retrieved January 23, 2018.
30. "14 Jul 1993, Page 1 - The Salina Journal at Newspapers.com" (https://www.newspapers.com/image/981681/?terms=Secretary+of+Agriculture+Sam+Brownback). Retrieved
January 23, 2018.
31. Max Blumenthal (June 20, 2005). "Sam Brownback's Blind Ambition Tour" (http://www.thenation.com/article/sam-brownbacks-blind-ambition-tour). The Nation. Retrieved
September 27, 2014.
32. "Before the Federal Election Commission in the Matter of Sam Brownback for US Senate Committee and Alan Goesbeck,as treasurer" (https://www.fec.gov/files/legal/murs/curren
t/93813.pdf) (PDF). www.fec.gov. Retrieved October 24, 2017.
33. Mike Hall (December 6, 2002). "Brownback campaign and in-laws penalized" (http://cjonline.com/stories/120602/com_brownback.shtml#.We-zy1uPIdU). The Topeka Capital-
Journal. Retrieved October 24, 2017.
34. "THE 2004 ELECTIONS; The Senate" (https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E0DE3DC173CF937A35752C1A9629C8B63). The New York Times. November 4, 2004.
Retrieved September 27, 2014.
35. Lowry, Bryan, "Governor: Koch Industries has no undue influence in Kansas politics," (http://www.kansas.com/news/politics-government/article4487101.html) December 14, 2014,
Wichita Eagle October 5, 2017
36. Judis, John B., "This Is What's the Matter With Kansas: Sam Brownback tried to create a conservative utopia. He created a conservative hell instead," (https://newrepublic.com/art
icle/119574/sam-brownbacks-conservative-utopia-kansas-has-become-hell) September 29, 2014, The New Republic, retrieved October 5, 2017
37. "The World from The Hill: Helsinki panel a model of bipartisanship on foreign policy" (http://thehill.com/news-by-subject/foreign-policy/130289-helsinki-commission-tackles-tough-i
ssues-without-the-partisan-divide). The Hill. November 22, 2010. Retrieved September 27, 2014.
38. Library of Congress: Thomas. House Resolution 3244. Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000 (http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/z?c106:H.R.3244.ENR:)
39. Alford, Deann. "Free at Last" (http://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2007/march/13.30.html), Christianity Today, February 21, 2007

40. Washington Post."Missed Votes" (http://projects.washingtonpost.com/congress/110/senate/vote-missers/) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20090208175306/http://project
s.washingtonpost.com/congress/110/senate/vote-missers/) February 8, 2009, at the Wayback Machine., August 12, 2007
41. "Brownback: Numbers plunge as agenda emerges" (http://cjonline.com/news/2012-04-28/brownback-numbers-plunge-agenda-emerges). The Topeka Capital Journal. Retrieved
January 16, 2012.
42. "GOP Pollster points to Brownback's popularity" (http://cjonline.com/news/state/2012-05-02/gop-pollster-points-brownbacks-popularity). The Topeka Capital Journal. Retrieved
January 16, 2012.
43. "Poll: Brownback most unpopular governor in the nation" (http://www.kansas.com/news/politics-government/prairie-politics/article45615459.html). The Wichita Eagle. Retrieved
March 23, 2016.
44. Senator Removes His Block on Federal Court Nominee (https://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/19/washington/19judge.html), New York Times, Neil A. Lewis, December 19, 2006.
Retrieved December 22, 2017.
45. Senate rejects Brownback's concerns about judge (https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-congress-judge/senate-rejects-brownbacks-concerns-about-judge-idUSN093117522007
0709), Reuters, July 9, 2007. Retrieved December 22, 2017.
46. 110th Congress, roll call vote 240 (https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=110&session=1&vote=00240), United States Senate, July
9, 2007. Retrieved December 22, 2017.
47. CREW files Brownback complaint (https://www.politico.com/story/2009/02/crew-files-brownback-complaint-019348), Politico, Glenn Thrush, February 26, 2009. Retrieved
December 23, 2017.
48. A Washington group has filed a complaint with the U.S. Senate Ethics Committee against Kansas Sen. Sam Brownback (http://www.hutchnews.com/d3a2a563-f8c1-5513-b95a-efc
918eef5f0.html), Hutchinson News, February 27, 2009. Retrieved December 23, 2017.
49. Ethics Complaint Leveled at Right-Wing Congressional Members of Shadowy Christian Group (https://www.alternet.org/story/146285/ethics_complaint_leveled_at_right-wing_cong
ressional_members_of_shadowy_christian_group), Alternet, Adele M. Stan, April 2, 2010. Retrieved January 13, 2018.
50. "Courthouse News Service" (https://web.archive.org/web/20161006030708/http://www.courthousenews.com/2010/04/02/26108.htm). www.courthousenews.com. Archived from
the original (http://www.courthousenews.com/2010/04/02/26108.htm) on October 6, 2016. Retrieved January 13, 2018.
51. "Is Living in the C Street House An Ethics Violation?" (http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2010/04/living-in-c-street-house-ethics-violation/). Retrieved January 23, 2018.
52. "Moran explains C-Street living" (http://cjonline.com/news-legislature/2010-04-06/moran-explains-c-street-living). Retrieved January 23, 2018.
53. "Bogus Ethics Complaint Targets Coburn, DeMint, Brownback" (http://www.weeklystandard.com/blogs/bogus-ethics-complaint-targets-coburn-demint-brownback). The Weekly
Standard. April 2, 2010. Retrieved August 23, 2010.
54. "- The Topeka Capital-Journal" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170826140828/http://cjonline.com/news/state/2010-04-01/brownback_faces_ethics_complaint). August 26, 2017.
Archived from the original (http://cjonline.com/news/state/2010-04-01/brownback_faces_ethics_complaint) on August 26, 2017. Retrieved January 23, 2018.
55. Wise, Lindsay McClatchy News Service, and Scott Canon, Kansas City Star, in "The troubled 'Kansas experiment' goes to Washington," (http://www.charlotteobserver.com/news/na
tion-world/national/article129459654.html) January 29, 2017, Charlotte Observer, retrieved October 5, 2017
56. Helling, Dave, and David Klepper, "Democrats highlight Brownback's ties to Koch brothers," (http://www.mcclatchydc.com/news/politics-government/article24593650.html)
September 19, 2010, Kansas City Star in McClatchy News Service Washington Bureau website, retrieved October 5, 2017
57. "Favorite of religious right moves toward White House bid" (http://www.cnn.com/2006/POLITICS/12/04/brownback.2008.ap/index.html) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20
070102112730/http://www.cnn.com/2006/POLITICS/12/04/brownback.2008.ap/index.html) January 2, 2007, at the Wayback Machine. by Associated Press. CNN, December 4,
2006.
58. forbes (https://www.forbes.com/feeds/ap/2007/01/06/ap3304345.html)
59. "Brownback to Move on Presidential Bid" (https://web.archive.org/web/20080411134803/http://www.abcnews.go.com/Politics/wireStory?id=2774442). ABC News. January 6,
2007. Archived from the original (http://www.abcnews.go.com/Politics/wireStory?id=2774442) on April 11, 2008. Retrieved August 11, 2007.
60. news.yahoo.com (https://news.yahoo.com/s/rasmussen/20070221/pl_rasmussen/gopprimary20070221_1)
61. "Is the Ames Straw Poll Useless? | RealClearPolitics" (http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2015/02/09/is_the_ames_straw_poll_useless_125535.html). Retrieved October 19,
2016.
62. "Kansas loses patience with Gov. Brownback's tax cuts," (http://www.cbsnews.com/news/kansas-loses-patience-governor-sam-brownback-tax-cuts/) CBS News, retrieved
November 11, 2016
63. Wangsness, Lisa (August 12, 2007). "Romney trounces GOP field in Iowa straw poll" (http://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2007/08/12/romney_trounces_gop_field_in_iow
a_straw_poll/). Boston Globe. Retrieved August 21, 2007.
64. [1] (http://www.kansascity.com/news/politics/story/325073.html) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20071022025030/http://www.kansascity.com/news/politics/story/32507
3.html) October 22, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.
65. Republican Sam Brownback ends White House run (http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/news/politics/national/stories/102007dnnatbrownback.1d7a7ce.html) Dallas
Morning News October 19, 2007. Retrieved October 20, 2007.
66. "Sam Brownback Endorses John McCain" (http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,308960,00.html). Fox News Channel. November 7, 2007.
67. "Brownback considering gubernatorial run in 2010" (http://www2.ljworld.com/news/2008/sep/04/brownback_considering_gubernatorial_run_2010/). Lawrence Journal World and
News. Retrieved December 7, 2008.
68. "Prime Buzz" (http://primebuzz.kcstar.com/?q=node/16188). Primebuzz.kcstar.com. Retrieved August 23, 2010.
69. Election 2010: Kansas Senate (http://www.rasmussenreports.com/public_content/politics/elections2/election_2010/election_2010_senate_elections/kansas/election_2010_kansas_
senate), Rasmussen Reports, March 3, 2010.
70. "Brownback ticket gains surgeon as lieutenant" (http://www.kansas.com/2010/06/02/1340122/brownback-ticket-gains-surgeon.html), Wichita Eagle, June 2, 2010.
71. "Kansas" (http://elections.nytimes.com/2010/results/kansas). The New York Times. 2010. Retrieved October 19, 2014.
72. Goldstein, David; Klepper, David (April 28, 2009). "Sebelius sworn in to Cabinet, Parkinson becomes Kansas governor" (https://web.archive.org/web/20090430183737/http://www.
kansascity.com/105/story/1168432.html). The Kansas City Star. Archived from the original (http://www.kansascity.com/105/story/1168432.html) on April 30, 2009. Retrieved
October 19, 2014.
73. Gowen, Annie, " In Kansas, Gov. Sam Brownback puts tea party tenets into action with sharp cuts," (https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/in-kansas-gov-sam-brownback-puts
-tea-party-tenets-into-action-with-sharp-cuts/2011/11/02/gIQAkbnOAP_story.html) December 21, 2011 Washington Post retrieved October 6, 2017
74. Chris Suellentrop (August 6, 2015). "The Kansas Experiment" (https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/09/magazine/the-kansas-experiment.html). The New York Times Magazine.
Retrieved August 6, 2015. "He is modest in demeanor, flat almost to the point of dullness."
75. "Most unpopular governor in America? Brownback wins in landslide," (http://www.bizjournals.com/kansascity/blog/morning_call/2015/11/sam-brownback-most-unpopular-usa-gov
eror.html) November 24, 2015, Kansas City Business Journal
76. "Poll: Brownback remains least popular governor in the nation," (http://www.kansas.com/news/politics-government/article77258832.html) May 12, 2016, Wichita Eagle
77. "New poll ranks Gov. Sam Brownback as nation's least popular governor," (http://cjonline.com/news-state-government-local-state/2016-09-20/new-poll-ranks-gov-sam-brownback
-nations-least-popular) September 20, 2016, Topeka Capital-Journal
78. Sam Brownback Might Not Be Governing Kansas Much Longer (https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/03/sam-brownback-might-not-be-governing-kansas-much-longe
r/519165/), The Atlantic (AP), Russell Berman, March 10, 2017. Retrieved March 13, 2017.

79. New poll ranks Governor Sam Brownback as nation's least popular (http://cjonline.com/news-state-government-local-state/2016-09-20/new-poll-ranks-gov-sam-brownback-nations
-least-popular), Capital Journal, Tim Carpenter, September 20, 2016. Retrieved March 15, 2017.
80. "Conservative Lawmakers Ousted in Kansas Primary Election: GOP races seen as referendum on Gov. Sam Brownback’s tax-cut policy," (https://www.wsj.com/articles/conservative
-lawmakers-ousted-in-kansas-election-1470226094) August 3, 2016, Wall Street Journal
81. Flentje, Ed, Prof. of Public Administration (Wichita State University), former Kansas Secretary of Administration to Republican Governor Mike Hayden, "Kansas voters rebuke
Brownback, tax plan," (http://www.kansas.com/opinion/opn-columns-blogs/article114270433.html) November 12, 2016, Wichita Eagle
82. "Kansas lawmakers override Brownback veto of tax increases." (http://www.kansas.com/news/politics-government/article154684809.html) June 6, 2017, Wichita Eagle
83. "Senate, House narrowly override Gov Sam Brownback's veto of $1.2 billion tax bill," (http://cjonline.com/news/state-government/2017-06-06/senate-house-narrowly-override-gov
-sam-brownback-s-veto-12-billion) June 6, 2017, Topeka Capital-Journal, (also at CJ's E-edition (http://eedition.cjonline.com/news/state-government/2017-06-06/senate-narrowly-
overrides-gov-brownback-s-veto-12-billion-tax-bill))
84. "Lawmakers override governor veto on tax bill." (http://www.kwch.com/content/news/Bill-raising-taxes-delivered-to-Kansas-governor-426826281.html) June 6, 2017, KWCH-TV
Eyewitness News
85. "Kansas' economic outlook shifting with reversal of Brownback tax policy," (http://cjonline.com/news/state-government/2017-06-08/kansas-economic-outlook-shifting-reversal-bro
wnback-tax-policy) June 11, 2017, Topeka Capital-Journal
86. http://www.kansascity.com/news/politics-government/article209025559.html
87. http://www.pulitzer.org/prize-winners-by-year/2018
88. Wistrom, Brent (November 9, 2011). "Brownback plan could change how schools are funded | Wichita Eagle" (http://www.kansas.com/2011/11/09/2095722/brownback-plan-could
-change-how.html). Kansas.com. Retrieved July 23, 2013.
89. "Kansas Announces Sweeping Medicaid Restructuring" (http://www.kaiserhealthnews.org/Stories/2011/November/08/kansas-medicaid-managed-care-brownback-kancare.aspx).
Kaiser Health News. November 8, 2011. Retrieved July 23, 2013.
90. "$8.3 billion question | Wichita Eagle" (http://www.kansas.com/2011/11/04/2089413/83-billion-question.html). Kansas.com. November 4, 2011. Retrieved July 23, 2013.
91. Eligon, John (February 13, 2014). "Brownback Leads Kansas in Sharp Right Turn" (https://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/14/us/politics/brownback-leads-kansas-in-sharp-right-turn.ht
ml). The New York Times. Retrieved February 15, 2014.
92. Coy, Peter, "Kansas Tries to Shrink Its Way to Prosperity," (https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-04-17/kansas-governor-brownbacks-lab-for-steep-tax-and-budget-cut
s) April 17, 2014, Bloomberg Businessweek retrieved October 5, 2017
93. "Brownback gets heat for 'real live experiment' comment on tax cuts" (http://www2.ljworld.com/news/2012/jun/19/brownback-gets-heat-real-live-experiment-comment-t/).
Lawrence Journal World. Retrieved October 28, 2014.
94. Rothschild, Scott, "Brownback’s former budget director, Anderson, will work on state fiscal policy with KPI," (http://www2.ljworld.com/news/2013/sep/06/brownbacks-former-budg
et-director-anderson-will-co/) September 6, 2013, Lawrence Journal-World retrieved October 5, 2017
95. Associated Press, "Former Kansas Budget Director to work for Kansas Policy Institute," (http://cjonline.com/news-legislature-state/2013-09-07/former-kansas-budget-director-work
-kansas-policy-institute) September 13, 2013, Topeka Capital-Journal; also at ["Brownback's Ex Budget Director To Work For Kansas Policy Institute,"], September 9, 2013, KMUW-
FM, Wichita State University; retrieved October 5, 2017
96. Abouhalkah, Yael T, "Davis attacks, Brownback suffers as new tax-cut problem slams Kansas," (http://www.kansascity.com/opinion/opn-columns-blogs/yael-t-abouhalkah/article64
9505.html) June 30, 2014 Kansas City Star, retrieved October 6, 2017
97. "The Great Kansas Tax Cut Experiment Crashes And Burns," (https://www.forbes.com/sites/beltway/2017/06/07/the-great-kansas-tax-cut-experiment-crashes-and-burns/#227c1a
ab5508) June 7, 2017, Forbes retrieved October 6, 2017
98. "Brownback Signs Tax Cuts Law In Statehouse Ceremony" (https://web.archive.org/web/20141029213649/http://www.kake.com/home/headlines/Brownback_To_Sign_Tax_Cuts_I
n_Statehouse_Ceremony_152569155.html). KAKE News. Archived from the original (http://www.kake.com/home/headlines/Brownback_To_Sign_Tax_Cuts_In_Statehouse_Ceremo
ny_152569155.html) on October 29, 2014. Retrieved October 29, 2014.
99. Rothschild, Scott (December 17, 2013). "Brownback says perception of ALEC influence is 'overblown'" (http://www2.ljworld.com/weblogs/capitol-report/2013/dec/17/brownback-s
ays-perception-of-alec-influe/). Lawrence Journal-World.
100. Pilkington, Ed (November 20, 2013). "Obamacare faces new threat at state level from corporate interest group Alec" (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/nov/20/obamacar
e-alec-republican-legislators). The Guardian.
101. Brownback, Sam. "A Midwest Renaissance Rooted in the Reagan Formula" (https://online.wsj.com/articles/sam-brownback-a-midwest-renaissance-rooted-in-the-reagan-formula-1
401317548). Retrieved October 28, 2014.
102. "Kansas tax act most regressive in nation" (http://www2.ljworld.com/news/2012/may/27/kansas-tax-act-most-regressive-nation/). The Lawrence Journal-World. May 24, 2012.
103. Peters, Mark (June 10, 2014). "Sam Brownback's Tax-Cut Push Puts Kansas Out on Its Own" (https://online.wsj.com/articles/sam-brownbacks-tax-cut-push-puts-kansas-out-on-its-
own-1402448126). The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved June 13, 2014.
104. Kraske, Steve (May 2, 2014). "Gov. Sam Brownback suffers a political brownout" (http://www.kansascity.com/sports/spt-columns-blogs/article348571/Gov.-Sam-Brownback-suffer
s-a-political-brownout.html). The Kansas City Star. Retrieved June 13, 2014.
105. Reuters Staff. "S&P downgrades Kansas in another blow to Brownback tax cuts" (https://www.reuters.com/article/2014/08/06/usa-kansas-ratings-idUSL2N0QC1MO20140806).
Reuters. Retrieved August 7, 2014.
106. Josh Barro (June 27, 2014). "Yes, if You Cut Taxes, You Get Less Tax Revenue" (https://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/29/upshot/kansas-tax-cut-leaves-brownback-with-less-money.
html). The New York Times. Retrieved September 2, 2014.
107. Eligonsept, John (September 14, 2014). "Conservative Experiment Faces Revolt in Reliably Red Kansas" (https://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/15/us/conservative-experiment-faces-r
evolt-in-reliably-red-kansas.html). The New York Times. Retrieved October 28, 2014.
108. Hiltzik, Michael (July 9, 2014). "How Tea Party tax cuts are turning Kansas into a smoking ruin" (http://www.latimes.com/business/hiltzik/la-fi-mh-kansas-a-smoking-ruin-2014070
9-column.html). Los Angeles Times. Retrieved October 27, 2014.
109. "Norquist defends tax cuts despite Brownback woes in Kansas" (http://thehill.com/policy/finance/218449-norquist-defends-tax-cuts-despite-brownback-woes). The Hill. Retrieved
October 29, 2014.
110. "Bills and Resolutions - Kansas State Legislature SB30 Final Action - Passed" (http://www.kslegislature.org/li/b2017_18/measures/vote_view/je_20170202151108_929405/).
111. "Bills and Resolutions - Kansas State Legislature SB30 Final Action - Passed" (http://www.kslegislature.org/li/b2017_18/measures/vote_view/je_20170222103940_182851/).
112. "SB 30 - Bills and Resolutions - Kansas State Legislature" (http://www.kslegislature.org/li/b2017_18/measures/sb30/).
113. Berman, Russell (June 7, 2017). "The Death of Kansas's Conservative Experiment" (https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/06/kansass-conservative-tax-experiment-is-d
ead/529551/). The Atlantic. Retrieved June 7, 2017.
114. Lowry, Bryan. "Brownback signs school finance bill" (http://www.kansascity.com/2014/04/21/4973115/brownback-to-sign-school-finance.html). Kansas City Star. Retrieved
April 22, 2014.
115. Lee, Trymaine (April 4, 2015). "Kansas school districts to close early after tax cut 'experiment'" (http://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/kansas-school-districts-close-early-after-tax-cut-ex
periment). MSNBC. Retrieved April 5, 2015.
116. "Change in total nonfarm employment by state, over-the-month and over-the-year, seasonally adjusted" (https://www.bls.gov/web/laus/statewide_otm_oty_change.htm). Bls.gov.
Retrieved February 26, 2017.
117. Yael T. Abouhalkah (November 30, 2015), Kansas has low but misleading unemployment rate under Gov. Sam Brownback (http://www.kansascity.com/opinion/opn-columns-blog
s/yael-t-abouhalkah/article47176275.html), retrieved February 26, 2017

COUNTRY OF PARTICULAR CONCERN (CPC) AND MYANMAR

COUNTRY OF PARTICULAR CONCERN (CPC) AND MYANMAR

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

What's hot

What's hot (15)

Similar to COUNTRY OF PARTICULAR CONCERN (CPC) AND MYANMAR

Similar to COUNTRY OF PARTICULAR CONCERN (CPC) AND MYANMAR (20)

More from MYO AUNG Myanmar

More from MYO AUNG Myanmar (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (12)

COUNTRY OF PARTICULAR CONCERN (CPC) AND MYANMAR