COUNTRY OF PARTICULAR CONCERN (CPC) AND MYANMAR
ဘာသာေရးလြတ္လပ္ခြင့္ ခ်ဳိးေဖာက္တဲ့ စုိးရိမ္စရာႏုိင္ငံ နင့္ ျမန္မာ
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Country_of_Particular_Concern
Country of Particular Concern (CPC) ေခၚ ဘာသာေရးလြတ္လပ္ခြင့္ ခ်ဳိးေဖာက္တဲ့ စုိးရိမ္စရာႏုိင္ငံ and MYANMAR
Country of Particular Concern (CPC) is a designation by the United States Secretary of State (under authority delegated by the President) of a nation guilty of particularly severe violations of religious freedom under the International Religious Freedom Act (IRFA) of 1998 (H.R. 2431) and its amendment of 1999 (Public Law 106-55).
The term "particularly severe violations of religious freedom" means systematic, ongoing, egregious violations of religious freedom, including violations such as:
a) Torture or cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment;
b) Prolonged detention without charges;
c) Causing the disappearance of persons by the abduction or clandestine detention of those persons; or
d) Other flagrant denials of the right to life, liberty, or the security of persons. Nations so designated are subject to further actions, including economic sanctions, by the United States.
https://burmese.voanews.com/a/religious-freedom-us-report-/4415219.html?ltflags=mailer
https://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2018/01/276843.htm
Designations Under the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998
http://www.refworld.org/docid/59072f5411.html
USCIRF Annual Report 2017 - Tier 1: USCIRF-recommended Countries of Particular Concern (CPC) - Burma
https://www.state.gov/j/drl/irf/c13003.htm
Frequently Asked Questions: IRF Report and Countries of Particular Concern
ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံမွာလူနည္းစုေတြအေပၚႏွိပ္ကြပ္မႈတုိးေနေၾကာင္း ဘာသာေရးလြတ္လပ္ခြင့္အစီရင္ခံစာ ေထာက္ျပ
https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-religious-freedom-envoy-criticizes-saudi-arabia-myanmar-1527613558
U.S. Religious Freedom Envoy Criticizes Saudi Arabia, Myanmar
Sam Brownback described the violence directed against Myanmar’s Muslim Rohingya minority as ethnic cleansing
https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/29/world/asia/state-department-religious-freedom-myanmar.html
Myanmar Is Intensifying Violence Against Ethnic Minorities, U.S. Says
https://www.voanews.com/a/brownback-myanmar-conducting-religious-cleansing-of-rohingya/4278699.html
Brownback: Myanmar Conducting 'Religious Cleansing' of Rohingya
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vx7uiQCcI2Q
The Democratic National Convention nominated President Obama and Vice President Biden. First Lady Michelle Obama and former President Bill Clinton spoke in support. The platform focused on economic recovery, social and environmental policies. The economy added fewer jobs than expected in August while the unemployment rate fell slightly. Secretary of State Clinton met with officials in Asia to discuss regional issues like the South China Sea disputes and North Korea. Clinton also traveled to Russia for an APEC summit.
This document discusses Pakistan's role in combating terrorism. It outlines several factors that contribute to terrorism in Pakistan, including its geographical location bordering countries experiencing conflicts, economic and political instability within Pakistan, and involvement of external powers seeking to destabilize the region. The document examines Pakistan's weaknesses in combating terrorism, such as societal divisions and poverty, as well as its strengths, including national unity around the vision of an independent Pakistan and resilience of the Pakistani people. It provides recommendations for addressing the root causes of terrorism by promoting economic development, justice and hope. Combating terrorism requires a long-term, global approach rather than short-term military solutions alone.
- The document summarizes US aid efforts to provide humanitarian assistance to Georgia following armed conflict with Russia over the breakaway region of South Ossetia in August 2008. It details how USAID, along with other US government agencies, delivered $21 million of food, medical supplies, blankets and other relief to displaced Georgians. Plans are discussed to provide additional reconstruction funds for infrastructure and housing.
Pakistan – the problems and solutions regarding terrorism and 4thGWZaid Hamid
4th Generation War is the latest weapon being deployed against the Muslim world to dismember Muslim countries in the greater middle east. This mode of War fare is least understood by the policy makers, leaders, and the media. Here BrassTacks brings a comprehensive presentation for the policy makers on this illusive subject.
This report submitted to Secretary of State John Kerry by the Knights of Columbus and In Defense of Christians argues that ISIS is committing genocide against Christians in Syria, Iraq, and Libya based on substantial evidence. It includes witness statements, lists of atrocities committed against Christians, and analyses of ISIS statements and actions indicating their intent to destroy Christianity in lands they control. The report requests that the US government make an official determination that Christians are victims of genocide by ISIS in accordance with federal law and international agreements.
This document provides a summary and critique of Western strategy in Afghanistan. It argues that after 8 years of occupation:
1) The West has failed to achieve its objectives of peace, accountable government, economic development, ending the opium trade, and securing rights. Instead, civilians have been killed, empty promises have been made, and a discredited regime remains in power.
2) The neo-colonial mission has lost moral authority and legitimacy. Continuing the occupation will only breed more resentment and chaos.
3) Recent strategies to escalate the war in Afghanistan and expand it into Pakistan will fail for the same reasons previous strategies have failed - the war is unwinnable, and Western occupation has made
The Rohingya situation is urgent and complex. The mass exodus of Rohingya is already putting enormous stress on the limited resources of Bangladesh. As more Rohingya arrives on a daily basis, there are a number of states and non-state actors that might try to exploit the security situation in this country. Bangladesh must find a comprehensive solution to the refugee crisis and must work out a cohesive security strategy to deal with all the potential threats. Otherwise, this situation will threaten the security of the state.
The Democratic National Convention nominated President Obama and Vice President Biden. First Lady Michelle Obama and former President Bill Clinton spoke in support. The platform focused on economic recovery, social and environmental policies. The economy added fewer jobs than expected in August while the unemployment rate fell slightly. Secretary of State Clinton met with officials in Asia to discuss regional issues like the South China Sea disputes and North Korea. Clinton also traveled to Russia for an APEC summit.
This document discusses Pakistan's role in combating terrorism. It outlines several factors that contribute to terrorism in Pakistan, including its geographical location bordering countries experiencing conflicts, economic and political instability within Pakistan, and involvement of external powers seeking to destabilize the region. The document examines Pakistan's weaknesses in combating terrorism, such as societal divisions and poverty, as well as its strengths, including national unity around the vision of an independent Pakistan and resilience of the Pakistani people. It provides recommendations for addressing the root causes of terrorism by promoting economic development, justice and hope. Combating terrorism requires a long-term, global approach rather than short-term military solutions alone.
- The document summarizes US aid efforts to provide humanitarian assistance to Georgia following armed conflict with Russia over the breakaway region of South Ossetia in August 2008. It details how USAID, along with other US government agencies, delivered $21 million of food, medical supplies, blankets and other relief to displaced Georgians. Plans are discussed to provide additional reconstruction funds for infrastructure and housing.
Pakistan – the problems and solutions regarding terrorism and 4thGWZaid Hamid
4th Generation War is the latest weapon being deployed against the Muslim world to dismember Muslim countries in the greater middle east. This mode of War fare is least understood by the policy makers, leaders, and the media. Here BrassTacks brings a comprehensive presentation for the policy makers on this illusive subject.
This report submitted to Secretary of State John Kerry by the Knights of Columbus and In Defense of Christians argues that ISIS is committing genocide against Christians in Syria, Iraq, and Libya based on substantial evidence. It includes witness statements, lists of atrocities committed against Christians, and analyses of ISIS statements and actions indicating their intent to destroy Christianity in lands they control. The report requests that the US government make an official determination that Christians are victims of genocide by ISIS in accordance with federal law and international agreements.
This document provides a summary and critique of Western strategy in Afghanistan. It argues that after 8 years of occupation:
1) The West has failed to achieve its objectives of peace, accountable government, economic development, ending the opium trade, and securing rights. Instead, civilians have been killed, empty promises have been made, and a discredited regime remains in power.
2) The neo-colonial mission has lost moral authority and legitimacy. Continuing the occupation will only breed more resentment and chaos.
3) Recent strategies to escalate the war in Afghanistan and expand it into Pakistan will fail for the same reasons previous strategies have failed - the war is unwinnable, and Western occupation has made
The Rohingya situation is urgent and complex. The mass exodus of Rohingya is already putting enormous stress on the limited resources of Bangladesh. As more Rohingya arrives on a daily basis, there are a number of states and non-state actors that might try to exploit the security situation in this country. Bangladesh must find a comprehensive solution to the refugee crisis and must work out a cohesive security strategy to deal with all the potential threats. Otherwise, this situation will threaten the security of the state.
This document discusses the challenges that arise when religious institutions seek to directly participate in political life while also maintaining special privileges and protections from criticism. It analyzes several examples, including blasphemy laws in Pakistan and cases involving foreigners in countries like Sudan and Afghanistan. The thesis is that where religious institutions enter politics, their beliefs should not be given any special deference. Allowing religion privileged status in political debates can undermine principles of democracy, minority rights, and the rule of law.
Pakistan has played a key role in supporting the US war on terror by providing military bases and supply routes for over 75% of US and NATO supplies. However, the war has come at a huge cost to Pakistan with over 80,000 civilians and 4,795 soldiers killed and $68 billion in economic losses. In response, Pakistan has undertaken military operations like Zarb-e-Azb in North Waziristan and Karachi operations to crackdown on terrorist groups and over 20,000 terrorists have been killed. Pakistan's future strategy includes strengthening security forces and establishing domestic defense production to better combat terrorism within its borders.
The document discusses the conflict in Yemen and calls on the US and UN to take action to reduce civilian casualties. It argues that the US should halt weapons sales to Saudi Arabia, as Saudi attacks using US weapons have killed over 785 children in Yemen. Ceasing arms sales could help prevent further inadvertent civilian deaths from weapons provided to Saudi Arabia.
The document discusses the history and effects of terrorism in Pakistan. It begins with the Soviet war in Afghanistan in the 1980s, which led to millions of refugees fleeing to Pakistan. After the US invaded Afghanistan in 2001, terrorism increased in Pakistan. Drone strikes by the US have killed thousands of Pakistani civilians and fuelled terrorism. The economy has suffered enormously from the costs of fighting terrorism. Sectarian violence between Sunnis and Shias has also increased. The government is trying to negotiate with terrorist groups but the drone strikes undermine peace efforts. Overall, the document analyzes how terrorism has negatively impacted Pakistan's security, politics, economy and society.
RELIGIOUS FREEDOM INSTITUTE ORGANIZATION AND MYANMARMYO AUNG Myanmar
The Rohingya crisis in Burma has led over 700,000 Rohingya Muslims to flee to Bangladesh since late 2017 to escape ethnic cleansing and violence amounting to genocide. Religious and ethnic identity are at the core of the tensions, with the Rohingya facing decades of discrimination and loss of citizenship. Despite calls for accountability, the international response has been slow and the refugees have little hope of safely returning to Burma in the near future. Christians and other minorities also face persecution in Burma. Interfaith and international cooperation are needed to protect the Rohingya and other groups from further human rights abuses.
The Rohingya crisis in Burma has led over 700,000 Rohingya Muslims to flee to Bangladesh since late 2017 to escape ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity carried out by the Burmese military and government. Religious and ethnic identity are at the core of the persecution experienced by the Rohingya and other religious minorities in Burma. The international response has been inadequate as the Rohingya refugees now face an uncertain future, with few prospects to safely return to Burma or remain long-term in Bangladesh. Coordinated multi-faith action is needed to end the genocide and provide for Rohingya victims and refugees.
The bipartisan "Gang of Eight" Senators continued discussions on a fiscal deal as the Fed survey found flat consumer spending and hiring. Romney improved in polls after the first debate while Biden and Ryan clashed on issues in the Vice Presidential debate. The House committee heard testimony on security lapses in Benghazi and Romney criticized Obama's foreign policy. Turkey forced down a Syrian plane carrying military cargo.
Policy Paper: Confronting the ISIS Threat in the United StatesBrett Champlin
Completed a twenty-page policy paper that presented three options confronting the threat from the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria in the United States:
1. maintain the status quo
2. target known ISIS sympathizers within the US
3. enhanced border restrictions.
Analyzed and researched current approaches by federal government to domestic terrorism
Presented research in a twenty five-slide PowerPoint to thirty students and two faculty
members
rohingya crisis is major national issue nowadays. For that ,to understand the different dimensions of the Rohingya Crisis
such as humanitarian, geo-political, security, economic, social
and environment.To make a set of recommendations for addressing the Rohingya crisis.
This document summarizes an article from Pew Research Center about opposition to same-sex marriage among evangelical Christians in the United States. It notes that while support for same-sex marriage is growing nationally, opposition remains strong among white evangelical Protestants, about 70% of whom oppose allowing gay and lesbian couples to marry. The article discusses how several religious groups have rallied in Washington D.C. to demonstrate support for traditional marriage. It also provides polling data on changing public opinion on same-sex marriage over the past five years.
The Rohingya people are an ethnic group from Myanmar who have faced persecution due to Burmese ethno-religious nationalist sentiment and lack of international support. Bangladesh, where many Rohingya refugees have fled to since the 1970s, is a least developed country with a huge population and limited resources. The Rohingya crisis has had major economic, social, and environmental impacts on Bangladesh, increasing pressures on employment, land, and waste management. The largest refugee camp, Kutupalong, now houses over 600,000 Rohingya refugees, and 60 new Rohingya babies are born in Bangladesh daily. While humanitarian aid is helping address needs, long-term solutions are still needed to resolve the crisis.
Since 2013, Bangladesh has experienced a series of violent attacks targeting religious minorities. These attacks have highlighted the lack of protection for minority rights in the face of rising religious extremism. However, the situation of religious minorities is also shaped by wider historical and social factors. Bangladesh's religious minorities have long faced discrimination that can be traced back to the country's independence movement and the legacy of its partition from Pakistan in 1947. Despite early constitutional protections, the establishment of an Islamic identity has marginalized minorities over time. Recent violence must be addressed, but lasting change requires challenging prejudice, reforming institutions, and ensuring religious freedom and expression for all.
This document is a weekly intelligence report from Party Watch focusing on activities of the Chinese Communist Party. It provides summaries of CCP propaganda efforts, United Front work, disciplinary actions, and other topics. Key points included Xi Jinping meeting with Prince Andrew and emphasizing environmental protection, guidelines to regulate China's cultural market and protect ideological security, and a former CMC vice chairman confessing to taking bribes. The report aims to provide context on China through the lens of the CCP.
This document provides a summary of a weekly intelligence report on the latest activities of the Chinese Communist Party. It discusses propaganda work, United Front work, Party discipline, the Central Military Commission, and other topics. The report is produced by David Gitter and aims to provide context and analysis on China through the lens of the CCP using Chinese language sources. It covers various meetings, appointments, and directives issued by the CCP and its related organizations during the period from April 25th to May 1st, 2016.
This document provides a summary of a weekly intelligence report on the latest activities of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). It discusses the establishment of an innovation partnership between China and Switzerland, meetings between Chinese and Nigerian leaders, and the Chinese State Council's report on U.S. human rights issues. It also covers United Front work to manage diverse intellectuals, Party discipline rules, a CMC vice chairman's visit to the Spratly Islands, and Xi Jinping's comments on protecting cultural relics during economic development.
The resolution condemns human rights violations and violations of international religious freedom in India that target religious and cultural minorities including Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Dalits, Adivasis. It cites reports from the US Commission on International Religious Freedom and the State Department that describe increasing attacks on religious minorities in India and laws used to repress voices of dissent. The resolution expresses grave concern over the treatment of religious minorities in India and calls on the Secretary of State to designate India as a "country of particular concern" for violations of religious freedom.
The document recommends that the US government designate India as a "country of particular concern" for tolerating religious freedom violations. It recommends imposing sanctions on Indian government agencies and officials responsible for severe religious freedom violations. It also recommends increasing engagement with religious communities in India, partnering with Indian law enforcement to protect religious minorities, and funding civil society to monitor hate speech. The US Congress should continue holding hearings on religious freedom conditions in India.
Liberdade Religiosa no Mundo Relatório 2023João Soares
This document provides a summary of the 2023 Religious Freedom in the World Report. Some key findings include:
- Religious freedom was violated in countries where over 4.9 billion people live. Persecution increased in 28 countries and discrimination increased in 13 countries.
- Globally, violations of religious freedom increased as autocratic leaders consolidated power and used tools like surveillance, restrictions on conversion, and manipulation of electoral systems to oppress religious communities.
- Hybrid cases of "polite" persecution through controversial laws combined with violent attacks against religious groups that often go unprosecuted became more common.
- Persecution of majoritarian religious groups increased in some countries in addition to traditional persecution of religious minorities.
India 2019-international-religious-freedom-reportsabrangsabrang
The document summarizes religious freedom conditions in India in 2019. It notes that while the constitution provides for religious freedom, some states have laws restricting religious conversion. In August, the central government revoked the autonomy of Jammu and Kashmir, sparking protests. In December, parliament passed the Citizenship Amendment Act, granting citizenship to non-Muslim migrants from several countries, generating criticism. There were reports of religiously motivated violence including attacks targeting religious minorities and killings related to cow protection. U.S. officials raised concerns over religious discrimination and violence with Indian government and religious leaders.
The memo provides updates on geopolitical hot spots around the world, including:
- Azerbaijan accusing Armenia of using white phosphorus weapons in Nagorno-Karabakh.
- Brazil beginning impeachment proceedings against President Dilma Rousseff over budget issues.
- Colombia investigating the National Liberation Army guerrilla group for over 16,000 war crimes.
- Egypt arresting nearly 1,300 people in three weeks for protesting government policies.
- Germany planning to increase military spending to address threats from Russia, terrorism, and migrants.
This document summarizes the Yearly Report 2020 of the Religious Liberty Commission of the Evangelical Fellowship of India. It documents 327 cases of hate and targeted violence against Christians in India in 2020. The states with the highest number of incidents were Uttar Pradesh (95), Chhattisgarh (55), Jharkhand (28), and Madhya Pradesh (25). The months of March and October saw the highest number of incidents overall. The report appeals to the Government of India and state governments to ensure security for religious minorities.
This document discusses the challenges that arise when religious institutions seek to directly participate in political life while also maintaining special privileges and protections from criticism. It analyzes several examples, including blasphemy laws in Pakistan and cases involving foreigners in countries like Sudan and Afghanistan. The thesis is that where religious institutions enter politics, their beliefs should not be given any special deference. Allowing religion privileged status in political debates can undermine principles of democracy, minority rights, and the rule of law.
Pakistan has played a key role in supporting the US war on terror by providing military bases and supply routes for over 75% of US and NATO supplies. However, the war has come at a huge cost to Pakistan with over 80,000 civilians and 4,795 soldiers killed and $68 billion in economic losses. In response, Pakistan has undertaken military operations like Zarb-e-Azb in North Waziristan and Karachi operations to crackdown on terrorist groups and over 20,000 terrorists have been killed. Pakistan's future strategy includes strengthening security forces and establishing domestic defense production to better combat terrorism within its borders.
The document discusses the conflict in Yemen and calls on the US and UN to take action to reduce civilian casualties. It argues that the US should halt weapons sales to Saudi Arabia, as Saudi attacks using US weapons have killed over 785 children in Yemen. Ceasing arms sales could help prevent further inadvertent civilian deaths from weapons provided to Saudi Arabia.
The document discusses the history and effects of terrorism in Pakistan. It begins with the Soviet war in Afghanistan in the 1980s, which led to millions of refugees fleeing to Pakistan. After the US invaded Afghanistan in 2001, terrorism increased in Pakistan. Drone strikes by the US have killed thousands of Pakistani civilians and fuelled terrorism. The economy has suffered enormously from the costs of fighting terrorism. Sectarian violence between Sunnis and Shias has also increased. The government is trying to negotiate with terrorist groups but the drone strikes undermine peace efforts. Overall, the document analyzes how terrorism has negatively impacted Pakistan's security, politics, economy and society.
RELIGIOUS FREEDOM INSTITUTE ORGANIZATION AND MYANMARMYO AUNG Myanmar
The Rohingya crisis in Burma has led over 700,000 Rohingya Muslims to flee to Bangladesh since late 2017 to escape ethnic cleansing and violence amounting to genocide. Religious and ethnic identity are at the core of the tensions, with the Rohingya facing decades of discrimination and loss of citizenship. Despite calls for accountability, the international response has been slow and the refugees have little hope of safely returning to Burma in the near future. Christians and other minorities also face persecution in Burma. Interfaith and international cooperation are needed to protect the Rohingya and other groups from further human rights abuses.
The Rohingya crisis in Burma has led over 700,000 Rohingya Muslims to flee to Bangladesh since late 2017 to escape ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity carried out by the Burmese military and government. Religious and ethnic identity are at the core of the persecution experienced by the Rohingya and other religious minorities in Burma. The international response has been inadequate as the Rohingya refugees now face an uncertain future, with few prospects to safely return to Burma or remain long-term in Bangladesh. Coordinated multi-faith action is needed to end the genocide and provide for Rohingya victims and refugees.
The bipartisan "Gang of Eight" Senators continued discussions on a fiscal deal as the Fed survey found flat consumer spending and hiring. Romney improved in polls after the first debate while Biden and Ryan clashed on issues in the Vice Presidential debate. The House committee heard testimony on security lapses in Benghazi and Romney criticized Obama's foreign policy. Turkey forced down a Syrian plane carrying military cargo.
Policy Paper: Confronting the ISIS Threat in the United StatesBrett Champlin
Completed a twenty-page policy paper that presented three options confronting the threat from the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria in the United States:
1. maintain the status quo
2. target known ISIS sympathizers within the US
3. enhanced border restrictions.
Analyzed and researched current approaches by federal government to domestic terrorism
Presented research in a twenty five-slide PowerPoint to thirty students and two faculty
members
rohingya crisis is major national issue nowadays. For that ,to understand the different dimensions of the Rohingya Crisis
such as humanitarian, geo-political, security, economic, social
and environment.To make a set of recommendations for addressing the Rohingya crisis.
This document summarizes an article from Pew Research Center about opposition to same-sex marriage among evangelical Christians in the United States. It notes that while support for same-sex marriage is growing nationally, opposition remains strong among white evangelical Protestants, about 70% of whom oppose allowing gay and lesbian couples to marry. The article discusses how several religious groups have rallied in Washington D.C. to demonstrate support for traditional marriage. It also provides polling data on changing public opinion on same-sex marriage over the past five years.
The Rohingya people are an ethnic group from Myanmar who have faced persecution due to Burmese ethno-religious nationalist sentiment and lack of international support. Bangladesh, where many Rohingya refugees have fled to since the 1970s, is a least developed country with a huge population and limited resources. The Rohingya crisis has had major economic, social, and environmental impacts on Bangladesh, increasing pressures on employment, land, and waste management. The largest refugee camp, Kutupalong, now houses over 600,000 Rohingya refugees, and 60 new Rohingya babies are born in Bangladesh daily. While humanitarian aid is helping address needs, long-term solutions are still needed to resolve the crisis.
Since 2013, Bangladesh has experienced a series of violent attacks targeting religious minorities. These attacks have highlighted the lack of protection for minority rights in the face of rising religious extremism. However, the situation of religious minorities is also shaped by wider historical and social factors. Bangladesh's religious minorities have long faced discrimination that can be traced back to the country's independence movement and the legacy of its partition from Pakistan in 1947. Despite early constitutional protections, the establishment of an Islamic identity has marginalized minorities over time. Recent violence must be addressed, but lasting change requires challenging prejudice, reforming institutions, and ensuring religious freedom and expression for all.
This document is a weekly intelligence report from Party Watch focusing on activities of the Chinese Communist Party. It provides summaries of CCP propaganda efforts, United Front work, disciplinary actions, and other topics. Key points included Xi Jinping meeting with Prince Andrew and emphasizing environmental protection, guidelines to regulate China's cultural market and protect ideological security, and a former CMC vice chairman confessing to taking bribes. The report aims to provide context on China through the lens of the CCP.
This document provides a summary of a weekly intelligence report on the latest activities of the Chinese Communist Party. It discusses propaganda work, United Front work, Party discipline, the Central Military Commission, and other topics. The report is produced by David Gitter and aims to provide context and analysis on China through the lens of the CCP using Chinese language sources. It covers various meetings, appointments, and directives issued by the CCP and its related organizations during the period from April 25th to May 1st, 2016.
This document provides a summary of a weekly intelligence report on the latest activities of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). It discusses the establishment of an innovation partnership between China and Switzerland, meetings between Chinese and Nigerian leaders, and the Chinese State Council's report on U.S. human rights issues. It also covers United Front work to manage diverse intellectuals, Party discipline rules, a CMC vice chairman's visit to the Spratly Islands, and Xi Jinping's comments on protecting cultural relics during economic development.
The resolution condemns human rights violations and violations of international religious freedom in India that target religious and cultural minorities including Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Dalits, Adivasis. It cites reports from the US Commission on International Religious Freedom and the State Department that describe increasing attacks on religious minorities in India and laws used to repress voices of dissent. The resolution expresses grave concern over the treatment of religious minorities in India and calls on the Secretary of State to designate India as a "country of particular concern" for violations of religious freedom.
The document recommends that the US government designate India as a "country of particular concern" for tolerating religious freedom violations. It recommends imposing sanctions on Indian government agencies and officials responsible for severe religious freedom violations. It also recommends increasing engagement with religious communities in India, partnering with Indian law enforcement to protect religious minorities, and funding civil society to monitor hate speech. The US Congress should continue holding hearings on religious freedom conditions in India.
Liberdade Religiosa no Mundo Relatório 2023João Soares
This document provides a summary of the 2023 Religious Freedom in the World Report. Some key findings include:
- Religious freedom was violated in countries where over 4.9 billion people live. Persecution increased in 28 countries and discrimination increased in 13 countries.
- Globally, violations of religious freedom increased as autocratic leaders consolidated power and used tools like surveillance, restrictions on conversion, and manipulation of electoral systems to oppress religious communities.
- Hybrid cases of "polite" persecution through controversial laws combined with violent attacks against religious groups that often go unprosecuted became more common.
- Persecution of majoritarian religious groups increased in some countries in addition to traditional persecution of religious minorities.
India 2019-international-religious-freedom-reportsabrangsabrang
The document summarizes religious freedom conditions in India in 2019. It notes that while the constitution provides for religious freedom, some states have laws restricting religious conversion. In August, the central government revoked the autonomy of Jammu and Kashmir, sparking protests. In December, parliament passed the Citizenship Amendment Act, granting citizenship to non-Muslim migrants from several countries, generating criticism. There were reports of religiously motivated violence including attacks targeting religious minorities and killings related to cow protection. U.S. officials raised concerns over religious discrimination and violence with Indian government and religious leaders.
The memo provides updates on geopolitical hot spots around the world, including:
- Azerbaijan accusing Armenia of using white phosphorus weapons in Nagorno-Karabakh.
- Brazil beginning impeachment proceedings against President Dilma Rousseff over budget issues.
- Colombia investigating the National Liberation Army guerrilla group for over 16,000 war crimes.
- Egypt arresting nearly 1,300 people in three weeks for protesting government policies.
- Germany planning to increase military spending to address threats from Russia, terrorism, and migrants.
This document summarizes the Yearly Report 2020 of the Religious Liberty Commission of the Evangelical Fellowship of India. It documents 327 cases of hate and targeted violence against Christians in India in 2020. The states with the highest number of incidents were Uttar Pradesh (95), Chhattisgarh (55), Jharkhand (28), and Madhya Pradesh (25). The months of March and October saw the highest number of incidents overall. The report appeals to the Government of India and state governments to ensure security for religious minorities.
Hurricane Sandy caused widespread damage along the East Coast in late October. The federal government and affected states mobilized relief efforts while also continuing preparations for the November elections. The document also summarizes domestic economic data and foreign policy discussions between Secretary Clinton and international leaders on issues including Iran, Syria, Libya and Ukraine.
Recent years have seen a disturbing rise in violence, discrimination, and intolerance against Christian communities in various Islamic countries. This multifaceted challenge, deeply rooted in historical, social, and political animosities, demands urgent attention. Despite the escalating persecution, substantial support from the Western world remains lacking.
The document provides updates on several domestic and foreign policy matters in August 2012. Domestically, it discusses budget sequestration and its potential impacts, assistance for drought relief, the Sikh temple shooting, and Curiosity's landing on Mars. Internationally, it covers defections in Syria signaling Assad's weakening grip on power, sanctions on Iran and those providing support to Syria, Secretary Clinton's Africa trip, developments in Libya and Egypt, and collaboration between State and Defense departments.
Weekly Dawn Deconstruction April 10 to April 17, by M.Usman.pdfmohammadUsman183783
The editorial discusses the Biden administration's announcement of a timeline for withdrawing US forces from Afghanistan by September 11th. While some may see this as shifting the goalposts from the previous May 1st deadline, it can also be viewed as a more realistic date. The announcement comes ahead of planned Afghan peace talks in Turkey in late April. The editorial stresses that foreign involvement has contributed to Afghanistan's instability, and the sooner foreign forces withdraw and Afghans take responsibility for their country, the better. Washington must stick to the new deadline.
The Republican National Convention nominated Mitt Romney for president and Paul Ryan for vice president. Hurricane Isaac hit Louisiana as the convention took place. The Federal Reserve expressed concern about the stagnant labor market and said it is prepared to further stimulate the economy. The Obama Administration finalized new fuel efficiency standards for cars and light trucks.
إدارة الحقوق والحريات بالخارجية الأمريكية تنتقد وضع الحريات الدينية في تونسbinaanews
The document summarizes the 2016 International Religious Freedom Report for Tunisia. It finds that while the constitution establishes Islam as the state religion and requires the President to be Muslim, it also declares Tunisia a civil state and guarantees freedom of belief. However, the Bahai community had its application to form an association twice denied. The government also ordered suspensions of the Islamic Hizb al-Tahrir party. Some religious minorities also reported facing societal pressure or threats. U.S. officials met with Tunisian authorities to encourage religious freedom and tolerance.
Whose Crisis? Secular Liberalism, the Theocratic State and the Political Cons...Larry Catá Backer
2013 Law and Society Annual Meeting
An Existential Crisis for Secular Liberalism (Part I)
Fri May 31 2013, 12:30 to 2:15pm,
Building/Room: Boston Sheraton Hotel / Room 03
From Secular Liberalism to "Hobby Lobby"--The State of Religion and the Relig...Larry Catá Backer
Religion has returned to the secular state; does crisis result? Conflating variations of Marxist-Leninist states, whose godless communism” of the 20th century sought to marginalize religion as a political adversary, with the Westphalian state that sought to avoid sectarian conflict by separating the institutional state from the apparatus of religion, modern secular liberal theory has long problematized the role of religion in modern "secular" states. Critics of secular liberal modernity never fully accepted its premises and “post” modernists have sought to undo to “reform” the structures of secular liberalism to provide for a larger space for “religion” in politics and economics. This essay considers the issue of the "return" of religion from a comparative constitutional perspective. Its central premise is that where institutional religion is both protected and engaged in political life through which it seeks to harmonize institutional state and religious government, the resulting system tends to advantage a privileged religion in political life over its political rivals. It develops this thesis by weaving together several stories from developing and developed states where religion has acquired a more privileged role. These illustrate the ways that blasphemy and apostasy laws and the incorporation of religious values skew the nature and application of the rule of law, the nature and limits of direct democracy, the relationship between apostasy and treason, the language of interpretation and the power to participate in that dialogue, and the role of the foreign or minority. The effect is especially pronounced in states formally organized on global secular liberal principles of neutral and tolerant process and values neutrality. It suggests a context for the insight, at the center of secular liberalism’s solicitude for religion, that where the apparatus of institutional religion seeks to enter into the political life of a state its religious beliefs ought not to be accorded any particular deference. It will suggest the nature of the shocks to the constitutional settlement of the U.S. constitution and its now misunderstood model of secularism, which touches on the construction of a shadow religious state within American secular liberalism. To that end the Supreme Court decision in Hobby Lobby is considered in light of the prior discussion. The essay concludes that for secular liberalism the price of preserving the privileging of the practices and autonomy of religion in a multi-religious state is the disbarring of institutional religion (though not religious values) from organized political life. The alternative, privileging (institutional) religion and permitting it a broad institutional right to participate in politics, is very much in evidence abroad.
From Secular Liberalism to "Hobby LobbY"--the State Larry Catá Backer
This document discusses the challenges that arise when religious institutions seek to directly participate in politics within multi-religious states. It argues that where religious groups enter politics, their beliefs should not be granted special privilege or protection from criticism. The document examines examples in Pakistan, Sudan, Afghanistan, and Western countries to show how privileging religion can undermine principles of secular rule of law, democracy, and minority rights. It concludes that while religion is increasingly political, institutions may not be prepared to engage in politics without insulating their beliefs from political contestation and debate. This could transform political systems in ways incompatible with liberal democracies.
State Department 2013 Report on Haiti Religious FreedomStanleylucas
The constitution and other laws and policies protect religious freedom and, in practice, the government generally respected religious freedom. The Islamic community and Voudou (Voodoo) practitioners continued to be unable to obtain legal recognition by the government.
There were no reports of societal abuses or discrimination based on religious affiliation, belief, or practice.
U.S. embassy representatives routinely met with religious and civil society leaders to seek their views on religious freedom matters. Embassy-sponsored programs included a roundtable discussion on tolerance that included various religious groups.
50f93f352 (2) Relation Sandro Suzart SUZART GOOGLE INC United States on Demon...Sandro Suzart
relationship between Sandro Suzart SUZART GOOGLE INC and United States on Demonstrations 2013 and Impeachments of 22 governments Relation Sandro Suzart SUZART GOOGLE INC United States on Demonstrations countries IMPEACHMENT GOOGLE INC
50f93f352 Relation between Sandro Suzart, SUZART, GOOGLE INC, United St...Sandro Santana
Sandro Suzart, SUZART, GOOGLE INC and United States on relationship among Demonstrations, 2013. IMPEACHMENTS of 22 governments, Relation, Sandro Suzart, SUZART, GOOGLE INC, United States, Demonstrations countries IMPEACHMENT, GOOGLE INC, the torture suffered by Sandro Suzart, Genocide in Egypt and Lybia.
50f93f352 (2) Relation between Sandro Suzart, SUZART, GOOGLE INC, Unite...Sandro Santana
Sandro Suzart, SUZART, GOOGLE INC and United States on relationship among Demonstrations, 2013. IMPEACHMENTS of 22 governments, Relation, Sandro Suzart, SUZART, GOOGLE INC, United States, Demonstrations countries IMPEACHMENT, GOOGLE INC, the torture suffered by Sandro Suzart, Genocide in Egypt and Lybia.
Similar to COUNTRY OF PARTICULAR CONCERN (CPC) AND MYANMAR (20)
Assistance Association for Political Prisoners (Burma) AAPP report in Burmese The Assistance Association for Political Prisoners (Burma), also known as AAPP,
is a non-profit human rights organization based in Mae Sot, Thailand. AAPP was founded in 2000
by former political prisoners living in exile on the Thai/Burma border.
Since then, the organization has been run by former political prisoners,
with two offices being opened inside Burma in 2012, one in Rangoon and the other in Mandalay.
AAPP advocates and lobbies for the release of remaining political prisoners and
for the improvement of the lives of political prisoners after their release.
The various assistance programs for political prisoners and their family members
are aimed at ensuring they have access to education, vocational trainings, mental
health counseling and healthcare.
Identity crisis ethnicity and conflict in myanmar crisis groupMYO AUNG Myanmar
REPORT 312 / ASIA 28 AUGUST 2020
Identity Crisis: Ethnicity and Conflict in Myanmar
Ethnicity and conflict are tightly linked in Myanmar, as communal groups take up arms to press grievances for which they have found no other recourse. The problem calls for dialogue and deep reform, but meanwhile authorities can take smaller steps to indicate their positive intent.
https://www.crisisgroup.org/asia/south-east-asia/myanmar/312-identity-crisis-ethnicity-and-conflict-myanmar?utm_source=Sign+Up+to+Crisis+Group%27s+Email+Updates&utm_campaign=1732944c02-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2019_01_28_08_41_COPY_01&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_1dab8c11ea-1732944c02-359431769
Asia Foundation. Note that the data are from 2016, so this map does not represent the current situation on
CHINA IS PLAYING MYANMAR GROUND THE KYAUKPHYU SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONE AND CHIN...MYO AUNG Myanmar
CHINA IS PLAYING MYANMAR GROUND THE KYAUKPHYU SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONE AND CHINA STRATEGIC DEEP-SEA PORT PROJECT
https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/chinas-strategic-port-project-moves-step-closer-reality-myanmar-oks-joint-venture.html
China’s Strategic Port Project Moves Step Closer to Reality as Myanmar OKs Joint Venture
https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/construction-chinas-bri-deep-sea-port-start-soon-myanmars-rakhine-state-govt.html
Construction on China's BRI Deep Sea Port to Start Soon in Myanmar's Rakhine State: Govt
https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/minister-rejects-fears-debt-trap-chinese-backed-port.html
Minister Rejects Fears of Debt Trap Over Chinese-Backed Port
https://www.irrawaddy.com/opinion/editorial/kyaukphyu-danger-slipping-hands.html
Is Kyaukphyu in Danger of Slipping Out of Our Hands?
http://www.thaibizmyanmar.com/th/news/detail.php?ID=2948
An industrial zone project within the Kyaukphyu Special Economic Zone (SEZ) in Rakhine State will be developed for US$30 billion
4 มีนาคม 2563
https://elevenmyanmar.com/news/first-phase-of-kyaukphyu-deep-seaport-project-expected-to-cost-13-bln
First phase of Kyaukphyu Deep Seaport project expected to cost $ 1.3 bln
http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-01/18/c_138716099.htm
Xinhua Headlines: Kyaukpyu port to become model project in China-Myanmar BRI cooperation
Source: Xinhua| 2020-01-18 20:49:31|Editor: huaxia
http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-01/20/c_138720186.htm
Feature: How the development of Myanmar's Kyaukpyu port won the hearts of locals
Source: Xinhua| 2020-01-20 11:27:42|Editor: Wang Yamei
https://www.thestar.com.my/news/regional/2020/02/17/china039s-citic-to-build-myanmar039s-huge-kyaukphyu-deep-seaport-first-phase-to-cost-us13-bln
China's CITIC to build Myanmar's huge Kyaukphyu Deep Seaport, first phase to cost US$1.3 bln
ASEANPLUS NEWS
Monday, 17 Feb 2020
1:35 PM MYT
https://splash247.com/china-inks-kyaukphyu-development-deal-with-myanmar/#:~:text=China%20has%20signed%20an%20agreement,visit%20to%20Myanmar%20last%20weekend.
China inks Kyaukphyu development deal with Myanmar
Jason Jiang Jason JiangJanuary 20, 2020
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyaukphyu
https://asiatimes.com/2019/07/china-led-port-project-inches-ahead-in-myanmar/
AT FINANCE, MYANMAR
China-led port project inches ahead in Myanmar
CITIC-led consortium this month started legally required impact assessments but the controversial $1.3 billion mega-project is still far from a done deal
By THOMPSON CHAU
JULY 15, 2019
The climate crisis and threats against land and environmental defendersMYO AUNG Myanmar
https://www.globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/environmental-activists/defending-tomorrow/
Report / July 29, 2020
DEFENDING TOMORROW
The climate crisis and threats against land and environmental defenders
The climate crisis is arguably the greatest global and existential threat we face. As it escalates, it serves to exacerbate many of the other serious problems in our world today – from economic inequality to racial injustice and the spread of zoonotic diseases.
For years, land and environmental defenders have been the first line of defence against the causes and impacts of climate breakdown. Time after time, they have challenged those companies operating recklessly, rampaging unhampered through forests, skies, wetlands, oceans and biodiversity hotspots.
https://youtu.be/FM7X1tnT4Sc
Download the full report Defending Tomorrow: The climate crisis and threats against land and environmental defenders (High resolution, 28.4MB, PDF)
Download the full report Defending Tomorrow: The climate crisis and threats against land and environmental defenders (Low resolution, 6.6MB, PDF)
User Privacy or Cyber Sovereignty Freedom House Special Report 2020MYO AUNG Myanmar
https://freedomhouse.org/report/special-report/2020/user-privacy-or-cyber-sovereignty?utm_source=Newsletter&utm_medium=Email&utm_campaign=SPOTLIGHTFRDM_072720
Special Report 2020
User Privacy or Cyber Sovereignty?
Assessing the human rights implications of data localization
WRITTEN BY-Adrian Shahbaz-Allie Funk-Andrea Hackl
https://freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/2020-07/FINAL_Data_Localization_human_rights_07232020.pdf
USER PRIVACY OR CYBER SOVEREIGNTY?
Assessing the human rights implications of data localization
Freedom of Expression Active and Seeking Justice from MyanmarMYO AUNG Myanmar
Freedom of Expression Active and seeking justice from MYANMAR
https://progressivevoicemyanmar.org/2020/07/16/seeking-justice-an-analysis-of-obstacles-and-opportunities-for-civil-society-groups-pursuing-accountability-for-human-rights-violations-in-domestic-courts-in-kachin-and-northern-shan-states/
SEEKING JUSTICE: AN ANALYSIS OF OBSTACLES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR CIVIL SOCIETY GROUPS PURSUING ACCOUNTABILITY FOR HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS IN DOMESTIC COURTS IN KACHIN AND NORTHERN SHAN STATES
Kachin Women’s Association – Thailand (KWAT) and Asia Justice and Rights (AJAR) are releasing a new report on access to justice in Burma, in which we identify strategies for local civil society groups, demand political and legal reforms, and call on donor agencies to better support assistance to victims of the most serious human rights violations.
https://progressivevoicemyanmar.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/EngA-Chance-to-Fix-in-Time.pdf
“A Chance to Fix in Time”
Analysis of Freedom of Expression in
Four Years Under the Current Government
https://progressivevoicemyanmar.org/2020/07/16/%e1%80%a1%e1%80%81%e1%80%bb%e1%80%ad%e1%80%94%e1%80%ba%e1%80%99%e1%80%ae%e1%80%95%e1%80%bc%e1%80%84%e1%80%ba%e1%80%86%e1%80%84%e1%80%ba%e1%80%81%e1%80%bd%e1%80%84%e1%80%ba%e1%80%b7-%e1%80%a1-2/
အချိန်မီပြင်ဆင်ခွင့် – အစိုးရသက်တမ်း ၄နှစ်အတွင်း လွတ်လပ်စွာထုတ်ဖော်ပြောဆိုခွင့်ကို ဆန်းစစ်ခြင်းအစီရင်ခံစာ
SHWE KOKKO BORDER KAYIN STATE PROJECT COLLECTIONMYO AUNG Myanmar
ALL ABOUT SHWE KOKKO PROJECT KAYIN STATE COLLECTIONS https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shwe_Kokko Shwe Kokko https://www.frontiermyanmar.net/en/shwe-kokko-a-paradise-for-chinese-investment/ Shwe Kokko: A paradise for Chinese investment SEPTEMBER 5, 2019 http://karennews.org/2020/03/shwe-koko-big-winners-burma-army-and-international-crime-syndicates-at-expense-of-karen-people-knu-community-groups-want-it-stopped/ Shwe Koko: Big Winners – Burma Army and international Crime Syndicates at Expense of Karen People – KNU, Community Groups Want it Stopped Karen News Send an emailMarch 26, 2020 https://asiatimes.com/2019/03/a-chinatown-mysteriously-emerges-in-backwoods-myanmar/ A Chinatown mysteriously emerges in backwoods Myanmar Shwe Kokko, a remote town along Myanmar's Moei River, is the latest odd and bold outpost of China's Belt and Road Initiative By BERTIL LINTNER MARCH 1, 2019 https://www.crisisgroup.org/asia/south-east-asia/myanmar/305-commerce-and-conflict-navigating-myanmars-china-relationship https://d2071andvip0wj.cloudfront.net/305-commerce-and-conflict-myanmar-china%20(1)_0.pdf Commerce and Conflict: Navigating Myanmar’s China Relationship Asia Report N°305 | 30 March 2020 https://www.bnionline.net/en/news/chinas-thai-myanmar-border-investment-shwe-kokko-chinatown-mega-project CHINA’S THAI-MYANMAR BORDER INVESTMENT: Shwe Kokko Chinatown mega-project http://monnews.org/2020/03/28/gambling-away-our-land-kpsn-report-raises-questions-about-shwe-kokko-extension-project/ ‘Gambling Away Our Land’; KPSN report raises questions about Shwe Kokko Extension project https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=900Fzrn8DzY https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Etlg2eYn7HM https://www.frontiermyanmar.net/en/the-mystery-man-behind-the-shwe-kokko-project/?f
Myanmar language version of the UN Charter.Yangon charter myanmarMYO AUNG Myanmar
Myanmar language version of the UN Charter.
Source: https://unic.un.org/aroundworld/unics/common/documents/publications/uncharter/yangon_charter_myanmar.pdf
https://unic.un.org/aroundworld/unics/common/documents/publications/uncharter/yangon_charter_myanmar.pdf?fbclid=IwAR3tttG9XprzHH4_yCQNOg8_u8g6z23fqYLqeCUvvIkHAqzTLKjSnB1OT3g
WORLD INVESTMENT REPORT 2020 BY UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND DEVELO...MYO AUNG Myanmar
WORLD INVESTMENT REPORT 2020
UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT UNCTAD
ttps://unctad.org/en/pages/newsdetails.aspx?OriginalVersionID=2396&utm_source=CIO+-+General+public&utm_campaign=5e26d15771-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2019_05_17_11_42_COPY_01&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_3d334fa428-5e26d15771-70594621
Global foreign direct investment projected to plunge 40% in 202016 June 2020
COVID-19 causes steep drop in investment flows, hitting developing countries hardest. Recovery is not expected before 2022, says new UNCTAD report.
Myanmar Amber traps scientists in ethical dilemma over funding warMYO AUNG Myanmar
Myanmar is a major producer of amber, a fossilized tree resin. Amber is valued for jewelry, and also serves as a sort of time capsule that provides scientific clues to prehistoric life with fossilized inclusions such as insects, birds and dinosaur footprints.
Meanwhile, the main amber-mining areas in the country are located in an internal conflict zone where an ethnic minority is fighting against the national armed forces, and the amber also comes with problems of human rights violations and smuggling.
https://asia.nikkei.com/Location/Southeast-Asia/Myanmar-amber-traps-scientists-in-ethical-dilemma-over-funding-war
Myanmar amber traps scientists in ethical dilemma over funding war
Fossils like those in 'Jurassic Park' draw scrutiny as Kachin conflict drags on
https://www.facebook.com/MYOAUNGNAYPYIDAW/posts/2839212596177214
သယံဇာတစစ်ပွဲ
မြန်မာ့ပယင်းရဲ့ သိပ္ပံပညာရှင်တွေကို စွဲဆောင်နိုင်မှုက ကျင့်ဝတ်ဆိုင်ရာ အကျပ်ရိုက်မှုဖြစ်စေပြီး စစ်ပွဲတွေအတွက် ငွေကြေးထောက်ပံ့ရာလမ်းကြောင်းဖြစ်နေ
SITUATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS OVERVIEW IN BURMA (JANUARY – APRIL 2020)MYO AUNG Myanmar
The document provides an overview of the human rights situation in Burma from January to April 2020. It discusses concerns around the militarized COVID-19 response, censorship of free press and ongoing conflicts in Rakhine, Shan and Karen states that are displacing civilians and restricting access to aid. Human rights abuses documented included killings, torture, arrests and restrictions on media that were primarily committed by the Burma Army across the ethnic states. Civil society groups are working to address humanitarian needs but fighting continues despite calls for ceasefires.
2019 country reports on human rights practices burma united state of america ...MYO AUNG Myanmar
Myanmar Aung
21 mins ·
https://burmese.voanews.com/a/us-state-depart…/5325155.html…
ကမ္ဘာလုံးဆိုင်ရာ ကန်အစီရင်ခံစာထဲက မြန်မာလူ့အခွင့်အရေး အခြေအနေ
https://www.state.gov/…/…/BURMA-2019-HUMAN-RIGHTS-REPORT.pdf
https://www.state.gov/…/2019-country-reports-on-human-righ…/
2019 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices
The annual Country Reports on Human Rights Practices – the Human Rights Reports – cover internationally recognized individual, civil, political, and worker rights, as set forth in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international agreements. The U.S. Department of State submits reports on all countries receiving assistance and all United Nations member states to the U.S. Congress in accordance with the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 and the Trade Act of 1974.
MARCH 11, 2020
https://www.state.gov/assistant-secretary-for-democracy-hu…/
Assistant Secretary for Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor Robert A. Destro On the Release of the 2019 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices
SPECIAL BRIEFING
ROBERT A. DESTRO, ASSISTANT SECRETARY
BUREAU OF DEMOCRACY, HUMAN RIGHTS, AND LABOR
PRESS BRIEFING ROOM
WASHINGTON, D.C.
MARCH 11, 2020
Executive Summary of Independent Commission of Enquiry "ICOE" Final Report En...MYO AUNG Myanmar
Executive Summary Of Independent Commission of Enquiry-ICOE' Final Report ENGLISH-BURMESE
https://www.facebook.com/myanmarpresidentoffice.gov.mm/posts/2632138836833836
ENGLISH VERSION
Independent Commission of Enquiry (ICOE)
https://www.icoe-myanmar.org/
Executive Summary Of Independent Commission of Enquiry-ICOE' Final Report
https://www.facebook.com/myanmarpresidentoffice.gov.mm/posts/2632129370168116
BURMESE VERSION
လွတ်လပ်သောစုံစမ်းစစ်ဆေးရေးကော်မရှင် (Independent Commission of Enquiry-ICOE) ၏ အပြီးသတ်အစီရင်ခံစာ အကျဉ်းချုပ်\
2019 ANNI Report on the Performance and Establishment of National Human Right...MYO AUNG Myanmar
https://www.forum-asia.org/?p=29979&nhri=1
2019 ANNI Report on the Performance and Establishment of National Human Rights Institutions in Asia
7 October 2019 2:36 pm
https://www.forum-asia.org/uploads/wp/2019/10/3.0-Online-ANNI-Report-2019.pdf
https://www.forum-asia.org/?p=29931
Myanmar: Promote press freedom, and end reprisals against Development Media Group
3 October 2019 3:58 pm
https://www.forum-asia.org/uploads/wp/2019/10/Press-release-Myanmar-DMG.pdf
ALL ABOUT INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE (ICJ) AND MYANMARMYO AUNG Myanmar
ALL ABOUT INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE (ICJ) AND MYANMAR
The International Court of Justice (ICJ) is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations (UN). It was established in June 1945 by the Charter of the United Nations and began work in April 1946.
The seat of the Court is at the Peace Palace in The Hague (Netherlands). Of the six principal organs of the United Nations, it is the only one not located in New York (United States of America).
The Court’s role is to settle, in accordance with international law, legal disputes submitted to it by States and to give advisory opinions on legal questions referred to it by authorized United Nations organs and specialized agencies.
The Court is composed of 15 judges, who are elected for terms of office of nine years by the United Nations General Assembly and the Security Council. It is assisted by a Registry, its administrative organ. Its official languages are English and French.
https://www.icj-cij.org/en/court
https://www.icj-cij.org/en-basic-toolkit
INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE ICJ
Information Department
information@icj-cij.org
https://opiniojuris.org/2019/11/13/the-gambia-v-myanmar-at-the-international-court-of-justice-points-of-interest-in-the-application/
https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/11/cases-brought-myanmar-deliver-justice-rohingya-191117174800430.html
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/nov/14/war-crimes-judges-approve-investigation-violence-against-rohingya-icc-myammar
https://www.ejiltalk.org/the-situation-of-the-rohingya-is-there-a-role-for-the-international-court-of-justice/
https://reliefweb.int/report/myanmar/gambia-files-lawsuit-against-myanmar-international-court-justice
STIMSON INNOVATIVE IDEAS CHANGING THE WORLD AND CHINA-MEKONG RIVER AND MYANMARMYO AUNG Myanmar
STIMSON INNOVATIVE IDEAS CHANGING THE WORLD AND CHINA-MEKONG RIVER AND MYANMAR
The Stimson Center is a nonpartisan policy research center working to protect people, preserve the planet, and promote security & prosperity. Stimson’s award-winning research serves as a roadmap to address borderless threats through concerted action. Our formula is simple: we gather the brightest people to think beyond soundbites, create solutions, and make those solutions a reality. We follow the credo of one of history’s leading statesmen, Henry L. Stimson, in taking “pragmatic steps toward ideal objectives.” We are practical in our approach and independent in our analysis. Our innovative ideas change the world.
https://www.stimson.org/sites/default/files/file-attachments/Cronin-China%20Supply%20Chain%20Shift.pdf
https://www.stimson.org/sites/default/files/file-attachments/SC_EnergyPublication.FINAL_.pdf
https://www.stimson.org/content/powering-mekong-basin-connect
https://www.stimson.org/sites/default/files/file-attachments/WEB-FEB_Cambodia%20Report.pdf
https://www.frontiermyanmar.net/en/slower-smaller-cheaper-the-reality-of-the-china-myanmar-economic-corridor
Slower, smaller, cheaper: the reality of the China-Myanmar Economic Corridor
https://www.frontiermyanmar.net/en/peace-through-development-chinas-experiment-in-myanmar
Peace through development: China’s experiment in Myanmar
https://asia.nikkei.com/Opinion/China-walks-political-tightrope-in-Myanmar
China walks political tightrope in Myanmar
Beijing should leverage its influence with military
https://www.frontiermyanmar.net/en/why-china-is-sceptical-about-the-peace-process
Why China is sceptical about the peace process
https://www.stimson.org/content/%E2%80%98loose-end%E2%80%99-peace-process
The ‘loose end’ of the peace process
The Stimson Center
communications@stimson.org
THE ASSIATANCE ASSOCIATION FOR POLITICAL PRISONERS (BURMA)MYO AUNG Myanmar
The Assistance Association for Political Prisoners (Burma),
https://aappb.org/background/about-aapp/
The Assistance Association for Political Prisoners (Burma), otherwise known as AAPP, is a human rights organization based in Mae Sot, Thailand and Rangoon, Burma. AAPP advocates for the release of all remaining political prisoners in Burma and for the improvement of their quality of life during and after incarceration. AAPP has developed rehabilitation and assistance programs for those political activists who have been released while continuing to document the ongoing imprisonment of political activists in Burma.
As long as political prisoners exist inside Burma, Burma will not be free. They represent the struggle for democracy, human rights, equality and freedom for the people of Burma. This makes the immediate and unconditional release of all political prisoners an integral part of Burma’s drive for national reconciliation.
THE HUMAN RIGHT TO WATER A GUIDE FOR FIRST NATIONS COMUNITIES AND ADVOCATES MYO AUNG Myanmar
https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/report_pdf/water1019_brochure_web.pdf
THE HUMAN RIGHT TO WATER A GUIDE FOR FIRST NATIONS COMUNITIES AND ADVOCATES
https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/report_pdf/canada0616web.pdf
Make it Safe
Canada’s Obligation to End the First Nations Water Crisis
https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/report_pdf/canada0616_brochure_web.pdf
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Natural Resource Governance Reform and the Peace Process in MyanmarMYO AUNG Myanmar
NATURAL RESOURCE GOVERNANCE REFORM AND THE PEACE PROCESS IN MYANMAR
KEVIN M. WOODS
https://www.forest-trends.org/publications/natural-resource-governance-reform-and-the-peace-process-in-myanmar/
FORESTS OCT 18, 2019
Natural Resource Governance Reform and the Peace Process in Myanmar
By Kevin M. Woods
https://www.forest-trends.org/publications/executive-summary-of-natural-resource-governance-and-the-peace-process-in-myanmar/
https://www.forest-trends.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Forest-Trends_NRG_Peace_Myanmar_Final_ES.pdf
https://www.forest-trends.org/publications/forest-trends-comments-on-myanmar-draft-forest-rules-2019-regarding-land-rights/
Forest Trends Comments on Myanmar Draft Forest Rules (2019) Regarding Land Rights
https://www.forest-trends.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Forest-Rules-Brief-2019-FINAL-Letter.pdf
https://www.forest-trends.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Forest_Rules_Brief_2019_FINAL_A4_BURMESE-FINAL.pdf
https://www.forest-trends.org/publications/what-is-in-myanmars-first-eiti-forestry-reports/
This presentation by OECD, OECD Secretariat, was made during the discussion “Competition and Regulation in Professions and Occupations” held at the 77th meeting of the OECD Working Party No. 2 on Competition and Regulation on 10 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/crps.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by Yong Lim, Professor of Economic Law at Seoul National University School of Law, was made during the discussion “Artificial Intelligence, Data and Competition” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/aicomp.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by OECD, OECD Secretariat, was made during the discussion “The Intersection between Competition and Data Privacy” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 13 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/ibcdp.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by Nathaniel Lane, Associate Professor in Economics at Oxford University, was made during the discussion “Pro-competitive Industrial Policy” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/pcip.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by OECD, OECD Secretariat, was made during the discussion “Artificial Intelligence, Data and Competition” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/aicomp.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by Professor Alex Robson, Deputy Chair of Australia’s Productivity Commission, was made during the discussion “Competition and Regulation in Professions and Occupations” held at the 77th meeting of the OECD Working Party No. 2 on Competition and Regulation on 10 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/crps.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by Tim Capel, Director of the UK Information Commissioner’s Office Legal Service, was made during the discussion “The Intersection between Competition and Data Privacy” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 13 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/ibcdp.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
Why Psychological Safety Matters for Software Teams - ACE 2024 - Ben Linders.pdfBen Linders
Psychological safety in teams is important; team members must feel safe and able to communicate and collaborate effectively to deliver value. It’s also necessary to build long-lasting teams since things will happen and relationships will be strained.
But, how safe is a team? How can we determine if there are any factors that make the team unsafe or have an impact on the team’s culture?
In this mini-workshop, we’ll play games for psychological safety and team culture utilizing a deck of coaching cards, The Psychological Safety Cards. We will learn how to use gamification to gain a better understanding of what’s going on in teams. Individuals share what they have learned from working in teams, what has impacted the team’s safety and culture, and what has led to positive change.
Different game formats will be played in groups in parallel. Examples are an ice-breaker to get people talking about psychological safety, a constellation where people take positions about aspects of psychological safety in their team or organization, and collaborative card games where people work together to create an environment that fosters psychological safety.
This presentation by Professor Giuseppe Colangelo, Jean Monnet Professor of European Innovation Policy, was made during the discussion “The Intersection between Competition and Data Privacy” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 13 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/ibcdp.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
Carrer goals.pptx and their importance in real lifeartemacademy2
Career goals serve as a roadmap for individuals, guiding them toward achieving long-term professional aspirations and personal fulfillment. Establishing clear career goals enables professionals to focus their efforts on developing specific skills, gaining relevant experience, and making strategic decisions that align with their desired career trajectory. By setting both short-term and long-term objectives, individuals can systematically track their progress, make necessary adjustments, and stay motivated. Short-term goals often include acquiring new qualifications, mastering particular competencies, or securing a specific role, while long-term goals might encompass reaching executive positions, becoming industry experts, or launching entrepreneurial ventures.
Moreover, having well-defined career goals fosters a sense of purpose and direction, enhancing job satisfaction and overall productivity. It encourages continuous learning and adaptation, as professionals remain attuned to industry trends and evolving job market demands. Career goals also facilitate better time management and resource allocation, as individuals prioritize tasks and opportunities that advance their professional growth. In addition, articulating career goals can aid in networking and mentorship, as it allows individuals to communicate their aspirations clearly to potential mentors, colleagues, and employers, thereby opening doors to valuable guidance and support. Ultimately, career goals are integral to personal and professional development, driving individuals toward sustained success and fulfillment in their chosen fields.
This presentation by Juraj Čorba, Chair of OECD Working Party on Artificial Intelligence Governance (AIGO), was made during the discussion “Artificial Intelligence, Data and Competition” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/aicomp.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by Thibault Schrepel, Associate Professor of Law at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam University, was made during the discussion “Artificial Intelligence, Data and Competition” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/aicomp.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by Katharine Kemp, Associate Professor at the Faculty of Law & Justice at UNSW Sydney, was made during the discussion “The Intersection between Competition and Data Privacy” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 13 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/ibcdp.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
• For a full set of 530+ questions. Go to
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The importance of sustainable and efficient computational practices in artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning has become increasingly critical. This webinar focuses on the intersection of sustainability and AI, highlighting the significance of energy-efficient deep learning, innovative randomization techniques in neural networks, the potential of reservoir computing, and the cutting-edge realm of neuromorphic computing. This webinar aims to connect theoretical knowledge with practical applications and provide insights into how these innovative approaches can lead to more robust, efficient, and environmentally conscious AI systems.
Webinar Speaker: Prof. Claudio Gallicchio, Assistant Professor, University of Pisa
Claudio Gallicchio is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Computer Science of the University of Pisa, Italy. His research involves merging concepts from Deep Learning, Dynamical Systems, and Randomized Neural Systems, and he has co-authored over 100 scientific publications on the subject. He is the founder of the IEEE CIS Task Force on Reservoir Computing, and the co-founder and chair of the IEEE Task Force on Randomization-based Neural Networks and Learning Systems. He is an associate editor of IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems (TNNLS).
Disaster Management project for holidays homework and other uses
COUNTRY OF PARTICULAR CONCERN (CPC) AND MYANMAR
1. 5/30/2018 Country of Particular Concern - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Country_of_Particular_Concern 1/2
Country of Particular Concern
Country of Particular Concern (CPC) is a designation by the United States Secretary of State (under authority
delegated by the President) of a nation guilty of particularly severe violations of religious freedom under the International
Religious Freedom Act (IRFA) of 1998 (H.R. 2431) and its amendment of 1999 (Public Law 106-55). The term
"particularly severe violations of religious freedom" means systematic, ongoing, egregious violations of religious freedom,
including violations such as:
a) Torture or cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment;
b) Prolonged detention without charges;
c) Causing the disappearance of persons by the abduction or clandestine detention of those persons; or
d) Other flagrant denials of the right to life, liberty, or the security of persons. Nations so designated are subject to
further actions, including economic sanctions, by the United States.
Issuing recommendations as to countries it believes should be designated as countries of particular concern for their
religious liberty violations is the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom, a separate agency created
by IRFA (along with the U.S. Department of State's Office of International Religious Freedom) to monitor the state of
religious freedom around the world. Both entities provide policy recommendations to the president, the secretary of state
and US Congress. Its recommendations are not always followed by the Secretary of State.
The latest USCIRF report from February 2017, recommended each of the following nations as a CPC:[1]
Burma
Central African Republic
China
Eritrea
Iran
Nigeria
North Korea
Pakistan
Russia
Saudi Arabia
Sudan
Syria
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Vietnam
These countries are considered Tier 2 countries and are on the watchlist:
Afghanistan
2. 5/30/2018 Country of Particular Concern - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Country_of_Particular_Concern 2/2
Azerbaijan
Bahrain
Cuba
Egypt
India
Indonesia
Iraq
Kazakhstan
Laos
Malaysia
Turkey
1. [1] (http://www.uscirf.gov/sites/default/files/2017.USCIRFAnnualReport.pdf) (accessed December 18, 2017)
US State Department Office of International Religious Freedom (https://www.state.gov/g/drl/irf/)
CPC page at the USCIRF website (https://web.archive.org/web/20111203104504/http://www.uscirf.gov/countries/co
untries-of-particular-concern.html)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Country_of_Particular_Concern&oldid=818496447"
This page was last edited on 3 January 2018, at 22:23.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this
site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia
Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
References
External links
3. 5/30/2018 U.S. Religious Freedom Envoy Criticizes Saudi Arabia, Myanmar - WSJ
https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-religious-freedom-envoy-criticizes-saudi-arabia-myanmar-1527613558 1/2
WASHINGTON—The U.S. envoy for international religious freedom, Sam Brownback, criticized
key American ally Saudi Arabia and described the violence directed against Myanmar’s Muslim
Rohingya minority as ethnic cleansing during the release of the State Department’s annual
report on religious freedom on Tuesday.
During a news conference, Mr. Brownback also announced plans to hold a ministerial meeting
for the first time in Washington, D.C., on July 25-26, to bring together “like-minded countries”
to discuss ways to protect religious freedom. He declined to say whether U.S.-designated
“countries of particular concern,” such as Saudi Arabia, Myanmar, Iran and South Sudan, would
be invited.
Mr. Brownback said that Saudi Arabia still doesn’t allow for individuals to freely practice non-
Muslim religions and punishes perceived offenders with harsh penalties such as lashings. He
called on Saudi Arabia’s leader, Crown Prince Mohammed Bin Salman, to deliver on promises to
introduce reforms.
“I am hopeful that we’ll start seeing change coming out of that country,” Mr. Brownback told
reporters at the briefing.
The State Department report listed a variety of alleged Saudi abuses, included executing Shia
Muslim prisoners and harassing, arresting and imprisoning individuals for purported religious
and moral crimes. Some foreign residents, it noted, had been deported for engaging in non-
Muslim religious practices.
The Saudi embassy didn’t immediately respond to a request for comment.
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https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-religious-freedom-envoy-criticizes-saudi-arabia-myanmar-1527613558
U.S.
U.S. Religious Freedom Envoy Criticizes
Saudi Arabia, Myanmar
Sam Brownback described the violence directed against Myanmar’s Muslim Rohingya minority as ethnic
cleansing
The U.S. envoy for international religious freedom, Sam Brownback, unveiled the annual U.S. assessment of religious
freedom around the world on Tuesday at the State Department in Washington, D.C. PHOTO: J. SCOTT
APPLEWHITE ASSOCIATED PRESS
May 29, 2018 1 05 p.m. ET
By Jessica Donati
5. 5/30/2018 Sam Brownback - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Brownback 1/19
Sam Brownback
United States Ambassador-at-
Large for International Religious
Freedom
Incumbent
Assumed office
February 1, 2018
President Donald Trump
Preceded by David Saperstein
46th Governor of Kansas
In office
January 10, 2011 – January 31,
2018
Lieutenant Jeff Colyer
Preceded by Mark Parkinson
Succeeded by Jeff Colyer
United States Senator
from Kansas
In office
November 7, 1996 – January 3,
2011
Preceded by Sheila Frahm
Succeeded by Jerry Moran
Member of the
U.S. House of Representatives
from Kansas's 2nd district
In office
January 3, 1995 – November 7,
1996
Preceded by Jim Slattery
Succeeded by Jim Ryun
Secretary of Agriculture of Kansas
In office
September 18, 1986 – July 30, 1993
Governor John W. Carlin
Mike Hayden
Joan Finney
Sam Brownback
Samuel Dale Brownback (born September 12, 1956) is an American attorney, politician, and diplomat serving as the United
States Ambassador-at-Large for International Religious Freedom since 2018. Brownback previously served as the 46th Governor of
Kansas, as a U.S. Senator from Kansas, as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives, and as the Secretary of Agriculture of
Kansas.
As a Republican, he was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives during the Republican Revolution of 1994, representing
Kansas's 2nd congressional district for a single term, before running in a 1996 special election for the U.S. Senate seat previously
held by Bob Dole. He won the special election and the following two regular elections, serving until 2011. Brownback was elected
Governor of Kansas and served from 2011 until his resignation in 2018 to take a job in the Trump Administration.[3] He ran for
president in 2008, but withdrew before the primaries began and endorsed eventual Republican nominee John McCain.[4][5][6]
Brownback was elected Governor of Kansas in 2010 and took office in January 2011. As Governor, Brownback initiated what he
called a "red-state experiment"—dramatic cuts in income tax rates, intended to bring economic growth.[7] He signed into law one of
the largest income tax cuts in Kansas history.[8] The tax cuts caused state revenues to fall by hundreds of millions of dollars and
created large budget shortfalls.[9] A major budget deficit led to budget cuts in areas including education and
transportation.[10][11] In the run-up to the 2014 gubernatorial election, over 100 former and current Kansas Republican officials
criticized Brownback's leadership and endorsed his Democratic opponent, Paul Davis.[12][13][14] Brownback was reelected in a
close race with a plurality, a margin of 3.7%.[15] In June 2017, the Kansas Legislature rolled back Brownback's tax cuts and enacted
tax increases.
In a repudiation of the federal Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act ("Obamacare"), Brownback in 2013 turned down a $31.5
million grant from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services to set up a public health insurance exchange for Kansas.[16]
Also in 2013, he signed a bill that blocked tax breaks for abortion providers, banned sex-selection abortions, and declared that life
begins at fertilization.[17]
On July 26, 2017, the White House issued a statement that Brownback would be nominated as the new U.S. Ambassador-at-Large
for International Religious Freedom.[18] The nomination was forwarded by committee, on a party line vote, but expired at the end
of 2017 in lieu of a Senate confirmation vote by the time of adjournment. His nomination was resent by committee to the Senate on
January 8, 2018 and two weeks later he was confirmed in a strict party line vote with Vice President Mike Pence casting the
necessary tie-breaking vote to end a filibuster and for his confirmation.[19] On January 25, Brownback submitted his resignation as
governor, effective January 31, 2018[3] and Lieutenant Governor Jeff Colyer was sworn in as governor. Brownback was sworn in as
U.S. Ambassador at Large for International Religious Freedom on February 1, 2018.[20]
Early life and education
Early career
U.S. Senator (1996–2011)
Elections
Tenure
CREW complaints
Committees
Other notes
2008 presidential campaign
2010 gubernatorial campaign
Governor of Kansas (2011–2018)
Legislative agenda
Taxes
Education
Economy
Health care
Abortion
Prayer rally
2014 gubernatorial election
U.S. Ambassador-at-Large for International Religious Freedom
Nomination
Tenure
Contents
6. 5/30/2018 Sam Brownback - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Brownback 2/19
Preceded by Harland Priddle[1]
Succeeded by Philip Fishburn[2]
Personal details
Born Samuel Dale
Brownback
September 12, 1956
Garnett, Kansas,
U.S.
Political party Republican
Spouse(s) Mary Stauffer
Children 5
Education Kansas State
University (BA)
University of Kansas
(JD)
Signature
Positions
Abortion
Arts
Capital punishment
Darfur
Economic issues
Environmental protection
Evolution
Health care
Immigration
Iraq
Israel and the Palestinian Territories
LGBT issues
Stem cell research
Other issues
Relationship with Koch family
Personal life
Electoral history
U.S. House of Representatives
U.S. Senator
Governor of Kansas
See also
References
External links
Sam Brownback was born on September 12, 1956, in Garnett, Kansas, to Nancy (Cowden) and Glen Robert Brownback.[21][22] He was raised in a farming family in Parker, Kansas.
Some of Brownback's German-American ancestors settled in Kansas after leaving Pennsylvania following the Civil War.[23] Throughout his youth, Brownback was involved the FFA
(formerly the Future Farmers of America), serving as president of his local and state FFA chapters, and as national FFA vice president from 1976 to 1977.[24]
While at Kansas State University, Brownback was elected student body president and became a member of the Alpha Gamma Rho agricultural fraternity. After graduating from college in
1979,[25] he spent about a year working as a radio broadcaster for the now-defunct KSAC farm department, hosting a weekly half-hour show.[23][26] Brownback received his J.D. from
the University of Kansas in 1982.[27]
Brownback was an attorney in Manhattan, Kansas,[23] before becoming the Kansas Secretary of Agriculture on September 18, 1986.[28][29] In 1990, he was accepted into the White
House Fellow program and detailed to the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative from 1990 to 1991. Brownback then returned to Kansas to resume his position as Secretary of
Agriculture. He left his post on July 30, 1993.[30] He was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1994 and ran in the 1996 special election for the U.S. Senate seat recently
vacated by Bob Dole, beating appointed Republican Sheila Frahm.
Sheila Frahm was appointed to fill the seat of U.S. Senator Bob Dole when Dole resigned in 1996 to campaign for president. Brownback defeated Frahm in the 1996 Republican primary
and went on to win the general election against Democrat Jill Docking.[31] Later in 2001, the Federal Election Commission assessed fines and penalties against Brownback's campaign
committee and against his in-laws for improper 1996 campaign contributions.[32] As a result of these improper contributions, the campaign was ordered to give the government $19,000
in contributions and Brownback's in-laws, John and Ruth Stauffer, were ordered to pay a $9,000 civil penalty for improperly funneling contributions through Triad Management
Services.[33]
In 1998 Brownback was elected to a full six-year term, defeating Democrat Paul Feleciano. He won reelection in the 2004 Senate election with 69% of the vote, defeating his Democratic
challenger, Lee Jones, a former Washington, D.C. lobbyist.[34]
Throughout his Senate career, his principal campaign donors were the Koch Brothers and their enterprises, including Koch Industries.[35][36]
Brownback was a member of the Judiciary Committee, the Senate Appropriations Committee (where he chaired the Subcommittee on District of Columbia when the Republicans were in
the majority), the Joint Economic Committee, and the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe, also known as the Helsinki Commission, which he at one time chaired. The
Helsinki Commission monitors compliance with international agreements reached in cooperation with Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe.[37]
Early life and education
Early career
U.S. Senator (1996–2011)
Elections
Tenure
7. 5/30/2018 Sam Brownback - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Brownback 3/19
In 2000, Brownback and Congressman Chris Smith led the effort to enact the Trafficking Victims Protection Act.[38] President Clinton
signed the legislation in October 2000. According to Christianity Today, the stronger enforcement increased the number of U.S. federal
trafficking cases eightfold in the five years after enactment.[39]
As of August 12, 2007, in the 110th Session of Congress, Brownback had missed 123 votes due to campaigning (39.7 percent) – surpassed
only by Tim Johnson (D) of South Dakota who due to a critical illness had missed 100% of the votes of the 110th Session, and John McCain
(R) of Arizona with 149 votes missed due to campaigning (48.1 percent).[40]
As of April 2012, Brownback had an approval rating of 34 percent according to a Survey USA Poll.[41] A Republican polling company found
his approval rating to be 51 percent in May 2012.[42] In November 2015, Brownback had an approval rating of 26 percent according to a
Morning Consult poll, the lowest among all governors in the United States.[43]
In 2006, Brownback blocked a confirmation vote on a George W. Bush federal appeals court nominee from Michigan, judge Janet T. Neff. He
objected to her joining the bench solely for her having attended a same-sex commitment ceremony in Massachusetts in 2002 which involved
a next door neighbor who was a close childhood friend of Neff's daughters. His action had blocked confirmation votes on an entire slate of
appointments that already had been approved by a bipartisan group of Senators.[44] In July 2007, he finally lifted his block that had
prevented the vote, and the Senate confirmed her by 83-4.[45] Brownback was joined in opposition by just three other conservatives, then-
Senators Jim Bunning, Jon Kyl, and Mel Martinez.[46]
In 2009, Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington (CREW) filed an ethics complaint in 2009 over a fundraising letter signed by Brownback for a conservative Catholic group
which they alleged violated Senate rules by mimicking official Senate letterhead.[47] The letter had targeted five senators for being both Catholic and pro-choice: Maria Cantwell, John
Kerry, Robert Menendez, Barbara Mikulski and Patty Murray.[48] A spokesman said Brownback had asked the group to stop sending the letter even before the complaint was filed.[48]
In 2010, based on a complaint that was lodged by a Protestant group, (CREW) urged an ethics investigation into a possible violation of the Senate's gifts rule by four Republican Senators
and a Republican and three Democratic House members lodging in a $1.8 million townhouse[49] owned by C Street Center, Inc., which was in turn owned by Christian-advocacy group
The Fellowship. The rent was $950 per month per person.[50][51] CREW alleged that the property was being leased exclusively to congressional members, including Brownback, at
under fair market value, based on the cost of hotel rooms nearby.[52] Senator Tom Coburn's spokesman told The Hill there were Craigslist ads that demonstrated that $950 was fair
market value for a room on Capitol Hill and that "Residents at the [C Street] boarding house have one bedroom. Most share a bathroom. All pay for their own meals and share communal
space with the other residents and guests."[53][54]
Committee on Appropriations
Subcommittee on Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies (Ranking Member)
Subcommittee on Defense
Subcommittee on Homeland Security
Subcommittee on Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies
Subcommittee on the Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs
Subcommittee on Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies
Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation
Subcommittee on Aviation Operations, Safety, and Security
Subcommittee on Communications, Technology, and the Internet
Subcommittee on Competitiveness, Innovation, and Export Promotion
Subcommittee on Surface Transportation and Merchant Marine Infrastructure, Safety, and Security
Committee on Energy and Natural Resources
Subcommittee on Energy
Subcommittee on National Parks
Subcommittee on Water and Power (Ranking Member)
Committee on Foreign Relations
Special Committee on Aging
Joint Economic Committee
Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe
Brownback, while U.S. Senator in the mid-1990s, hired Paul Ryan as his chief legislative director. Ryan later became a member of Congress, vice-presidential candidate, and then
Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives.[55]
Throughout his U.S. Senate career, his principal campaign donors were the Koch Brothers of Wichita-based Koch Industries, who donated more to Brownback than to any other political
candidate during this period.[35][56]
Senators Brownback and Feinstein
in 2003 joined with Angelina Jolie,
the Goodwill Ambassador for United
Nations High Commissioner for
Refugees, call on bipartisan
legislation to reform the treatment
of unaccompanied alien minors
CREW complaints
Committees
Other notes
2008 presidential campaign
8. 5/30/2018 Sam Brownback - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Brownback 4/19
On December 4, 2006, Brownback formed an exploratory committee, the first step toward candidacy, and announced his presidential bid the
next day.[57] His views placed him in the social conservative wing of the Republican Party, and he stressed his fiscal conservatism. "I am an
economic, a fiscal, a social and a compassionate conservative", he said in December 2006.[58] On January 20, 2007, in Topeka, he
announced that he was running for President in 2008.[59] On February 22, 2007, a poll conducted by Rasmussen Reports held that three
percent of likely primary voters would support Brownback.[60]
On August 11, 2007, Brownback finished third in the Ames Straw Poll with 15.3 percent of all votes cast.[61] Fundraising and visits to his
website declined dramatically after this event, as many supporters had predicted Brownback would do much better,[62] and speculation
began that the candidate was considering withdrawing from the campaign. This sentiment increased after his lackluster performance in the
GOP presidential debate of September 5, broadcast from New Hampshire by Fox News Channel.[63] He dropped out of the race on October
18, 2007, citing a lack of funds.[64] He formally announced his decision on October 19.[65] He later endorsed John McCain for
president.[66]
In 2008, Brownback acknowledged he was considering running for governor in 2010.[67] In January 2009, Brownback officially filed the paperwork to run for governor.[68]
His principal Senate-career campaign donors, the Koch Brothers (and their Koch Industries), again backed Brownback's campaign.[35]
Polling agency Rasmussen Reports found that Brownback led his then-likely Democratic opponent, Tom Holland, by 31 points in May 2010.[4][69]
On June 1, 2010, Brownback named Kansas state Senator Jeff Colyer as his running mate.[70]
On November 2, 2010, Brownback won over Holland with 63.3% of the vote,[71] replacing Governor Mark Parkinson, who was sworn in after former Governor Kathleen Sebelius
resigned from her position and accepted the appointment to US Secretary of Health and Human Services in 2009.[72]
Brownback took office in January 2011, in the early years of national recovery from the Great Recession. Along with his victory, the
Legislative Republicans resumed control of the Kansas House of Representatives with their largest majority in half a century (now largely
members of the Tea Party movement sharing Brownback's views).[73]
Two of Brownback's major stated goals were to reduce taxes and to increase spending on education.[74]
Three separate polls between November 2015 and September 2016 ranked Brownback as the nation's least-popular governor[75][76][77]—a
September 2016 poll showing an approval rating of 23%.[78][79] In the state elections of 2016—seen largely as a referendum on Brownback's
policies and administration—Brownback's supporters in the legislature suffered major defeats.[80][11][81] In 2017, after a protracted
battle,[11] the new Kansas Legislature overrode Brownback's vetoes, voting to repeal his tax cuts and enact tax increases.[82][83][84][85]
In 2018 The Kansas City Star was named the only finalist in the Public Service category of the 2018 Pulitzer Prize for a series "Why, so secret,
Kansas?" which said that Kansas which had always been excessively secret in government reporting had only grown worse under Brownback.
Brownback's successor Jeff Colyer through executive order reversed some of the secrecy.[86][87]
Brownback has proposed fundamental tax reform to encourage investment and generate wealth while creating new jobs. Consistent with those objectives, he also proposed structural
reforms to the state's largest budget items, school finance,[88] Medicaid,[89] and Kansas Public Employees Retirement System (KPERS), which have unfunded liabilities of $8.3
billion.[90] Brownback sought to follow a "red state model", passing conservative social and economic policies.[91]
In May 2012, Brownback signed into law one of the largest income tax cuts in Kansas' history[8]—the nation's largest state income tax cut (in percentage) since the 1990s.[92]
Brownback described the tax cuts as a live experiment, stating that "[on] taxes, you need to get your overall rates down, and you need to get your social manipulation out of it, in my
estimation, to create growth. We'll see how it works. We'll have a real live experiment."[93][36][92]
The legislation was crafted with help from his Budget Director (former Koch brothers political consultant Steven Anderson);[35][56][94][95][36] the Koch-sponsored American
Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC);[96] and Arthur Laffer, a popular supply-side economist and former economic adviser for President Ronald Reagan.[73][97]
The law eliminated non-wage income taxes for the owners of 191,000 businesses, and cut individuals' income tax rates.[98] The first phase of his cuts reduced the top Kansas income-tax
rate from 6.45 percent down to 4.9 percent, and immediately eliminated income tax on business profits from partnerships and limited liability corporations passed through to
individuals.[92] The income tax cuts would provide US$231 million in tax relief in its first year, growing to US$934 million after six years.[98] A forecast from the Legislature’s research
staff indicated that a budget shortfall will emerge by 2014 and will grow to nearly US$2.5 billion by July 2018.[98] The cuts were based on model legislation published by the American
Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC).[99][100]
In an op-ed dated May 2014 in The Wall Street Journal, titled "A Midwest Renaissance Rooted in the Reagan Formula", Brownback compared his tax cut policies with those of Ronald
Reagan, and announced a "prosperous future" for Kansas, Oklahoma and Missouri, by having elected the economic principles that Reagan laid out in 1964.[101][36]
The act has received criticism for shifting the tax burden from wealthy Kansans to low- and moderate-income workers,[102] with the top income tax rate dropping by 25%.[103] Under
Brownback, Kansas also lowered the sales tax and eliminated a tax on small businesses.[103] The tax cuts helped contribute to Moody's downgrading of the state's bond rating in
2014.[104] They also contributed to the S&P Ratings' credit downgrade from AA+ to AA in August 2014 due to a budget that analysts described as structurally unbalanced.[105] As of
June 2014, the state has fallen far short of projected tax collections, receiving $369 million instead of the planned-for $651 million.[106]
Senator Brownback officially opened
his GOP presidential candidacy'
Iowa campaign headquarters in
West Des Moines, IA
2010 gubernatorial campaign
Governor of Kansas (2011–2018)
Brownback and 1st Infantry Division
Commanding General present a
medallion to a child whose father
died serving in Iraq
Legislative agenda
Taxes
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The tax cuts and the effect on the economy of Kansas received considerable criticism in the media, including Michael Hiltzik in the Los Angeles Times, the editorial board of the
Washington Post, The New Republic, Bloomberg Businessweek,[92] and the New York Times who described Brownback's "conservative experiment" as a laboratory for policies that are
"too far to the right", and that as a result, more than 100 current and former Republican elected officials endorsed his opponent in the 2014 gubernatorial race, Democrat Paul
Davis.[106][107][108] Grover Norquist defended the tax cuts as a model for the nation.[109]
In February 2017, a bi-partisan coalition presented a bill that would repeal most of Brownback's tax overhaul to make up for the budget shortfall. The Senate passed SB 30 (38–0, with 2
not voting) on February 2, 2017.[110] The House passed SB 30 as amended (123–2) on February 22, 2017.[111] The Conference Committee Report was adopted by both the House (69–
52) and Senate (26–14) on June 5, 2017. On June 6, 2017 the bill was sent to Governor Brownback for signature, but he vetoed the bill. Later in the day coalition of Democrats and newly
elected Republicans voted to override the veto and SB 30 became law.[112] Senate Bill 30 repealed most of tax cuts which had taken effect in January 2013.
Brownback's tax overhaul was described in a June 2017 article in The Atlantic as the United States' "most aggressive experiment in conservative economic policy".[113] The drastic tax
cuts had "threatened the viability of schools and infrastructure" in Kansas.[113]
"The Brownback experiment didn’t work. We saw that loud and clear."[113]
— Heidi Holliday, executive director of the Kansas Center for Economic Growth 2017
In April 2014, Brownback signed a controversial school finance bill that eliminated mandatory due process hearings, which were previously required to fire experienced teachers.
According to the Kansas City Star, "The bill also allows school districts to hire unlicensed teachers for science and math classes. And it creates a tax break for corporations that donate to
private school scholarship funds."[114] The resulting cuts in funding caused districts to shut down the school year early.[115]
In 2015, the job growth rate in was .8 percent, among the lowest rate in America with only "10,900 total nonfarm jobs" added that year.[116][117] Kansas had a $350 million budget
shortfall in February 2017.[118] In February 2017, S&P downgraded Kansas' credit rating to AA−.[119]
In August 2011—over the objections of fellow Republican, Kansas Insurance Commissioner Sandy Praeger[36]—Brownback announced he was declining a $31.5 million grant from the
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services to set up an insurance exchange as part of the federal health care reform law.[120] In May 2011, Brownback had directed the state's
insurance commissioner to slow the implementation timeline for the exchange development. Upon announcing the refusal of the budgeted grant money for the state, his office stated,
"There is much uncertainty surrounding the ability of the federal government to meet its already budgeted future spending obligations. Every state should be preparing for fewer federal
resources, not more. To deal with that reality Kansas needs to maintain maximum flexibility. That requires freeing Kansas from the strings attached to the Early Innovator Grant."[16]
The move was unanimously supported by the delegates of the state party central committee at its August 2011 meeting, but a The New York Times editorial criticized Brownback for
turning down the grant which could have helped ease the state's own budget: "Instead of letting Kansas design its own model program for an online computer exchange to help people
choose among health insurance providers, Mr. Brownback’s rebuff increases the likelihood that the state must design one at its own expense or see federal officials create an exchange, as
required under the new law."[121][36]
Brownback also signed into law the Health Care Freedom Act, based on model legislation published by the American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC).[99][100]
Brownback signed three anti-abortion bills in 2011. In April 2011, he signed a bill banning abortion after 21 weeks, and a bill requiring that a
doctor get a parent's notarized signature before providing an abortion to a minor.[122] In May 2011, Brownback approved a bill prohibiting
insurance companies from offering abortion coverage as part of general health plans unless the procedure is necessary to save a woman's life.
The law also prohibits any health-insurance exchange in Kansas established under the federal Affordable Care Act from offering coverage for
abortions other than to save a woman’s life.[123]
A Kansas budget passed with Brownback's approval in 2011 blocked Planned Parenthood of Kansas and Mid-Missouri from receiving family
planning funds from the state. The funding amounted to about $330,000 a year.[124] A judge has blocked the budget provision, ordered
Kansas to begin funding the organization again, and agreed with Planned Parenthood that it was being unfairly targeted.[125] In response,
the state filed an appeal seeking to overturn the judge's decision.[126] Brownback has defended anti-abortion laws in Kansas, including the
Planned Parenthood defunding. "You can’t know for sure what all comes out of that afterwards, but it was the will of the Legislature and the
people of the state of Kansas", Brownback said.[127]
In May 2012, Brownback signed the Health Care Rights of Conscience Act, which "will allow pharmacists to refuse to provide drugs they
believe might cause an abortion".[128]
In April 2013, Brownback signed a bill that blocked tax breaks for abortion providers, banned sex-selection abortions and declared that life begins at fertilization. The law notes that any
rights suggested by the language are limited by U.S. Supreme Court decisions.[17]
On April 7, 2015, Brownback signed The Unborn Child Protection From Dismemberment Abortion Act, which bans the most common technique used for second-trimester abortions.
This made Kansas the first state to do so.[129][130]
Brownback was the only other governor to attend Governor Rick Perry's prayer event in August 2011.[131][132] About 22,000 people attended the rally, and Brownback and Perry were
the only elected officials to speak.[133] The decision resulted in some controversy and newspaper editorials demonstrating disappointment in his attendance of the rally.[134][135]
Education
Economy
Health care
Abortion
Sam Brownback speaking at the
2015 Conservative Political Action
Conference (CPAC) in National
Harbor, Maryland on February 27,
2015.
Prayer rally
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In October 2013, Kansas state representative Paul Davis, the Democratic minority leader of the Kansas House of Representatives, announced he would challenge Brownback in the 2014
Kansas gubernatorial election.[136]
In July 2014, more than 100 current and former Kansas Republican officials (including former state party chairmen, Kansas Senate presidents, Kansas House speakers, and majority
leaders) endorsed Democrat Davis over Republican Brownback[12][13]—citing concern over Brownback's deep cuts in education and other government services, as well as the tax cuts
that had left the state with a major deficit.[137]
Tim Keck, chief of staff of Brownback's running mate, Lt. Governor Jeff Colyer, unearthed and publicized a 1998 police report that noted that Davis, 26 and unmarried at the time, had
been briefly detained during the raid of a strip club, where he had been taken by his new boss at a law firm that represented the club. Davis was found to have no involvement in the
cause for the raid and quickly allowed to leave.[138] The incident and its publication were seen as particularly advantageous for Brownback (who, until then, had trailed badly in polling),
as it could be expected to become the focus of a typical 30-second campaign ad used to characterize his opponent.[139]
Responding to criticism of Keck's involvement in the campaign, Brownback spokesman Paul Milburn commented that it was legal to use taxpayer-paid staff to campaign, responding
directly to the controversy, saying, "Paul Davis must have spent too much time in VIP rooms at strip clubs back in law school...", because he "... should know full well that the law allows
personal staff of the governor’s office to work on campaign issues." In Kansas, however, getting records about crimes that law enforcement has investigated is typically difficult. The
Legislature closed those records to the public over three decades earlier: If members of the public desire incident reports and investigative files, they normally have to sue to obtain them,
cases sometimes costing $25,000 or more. Media law experts were amazed after learning Montgomery County's sheriff released non-public investigative files from 1998 with just a
records request. "That is unusual," said Mike Merriam, media lawyer for the Kansas Press Association. "They have denied releasing records routinely over and over and over again."
Brownback's campaign capitalized on the 16-year-old incident.[140][141]
Brownback was reelected with a plurality, defeating Davis by a 3.69 percent margin.[142][15][143] His appointment of Tim Keck as Secretary of the Department of Aging and Disability
was confirmed on January 18, 2017.[144]
In March 2017, it was reported that Brownback was being considered by President Donald Trump to be appointed either as his U.S. Ambassador to the U.N. for Food and Agriculture in
Rome,[145] and as the U.S. Ambassador-at-Large for International Religious Freedom in Washington, DC.[146] On July 26, 2017, the White House issued a statement that Brownback
would be nominated as the U.S. Ambassador-at-Large for International Religious Freedom On July 26, 2017, the White House issued a statement that Brownback would be nominated as
the new U.S. Ambassador-at-Large for International Religious Freedom.[18] As a senator in 1998, Brownback sponsored the legislation that first created the office.[19]
Due to his positions and actions on Islam and LGBT issues, Brownback's nomination was criticized by figures such as Rabbi Moti Rieber, the executive director of Kansas Interfaith
Action,[147] Robert McCaw, director of government affairs for the Council on American-Islamic Relations (CAIR),[148] as well as the American Civil Liberties Union.[149]
As of the end of the 2017 session, Brownback's Ambassadorial nomination had not come up for a confirmation vote. As it failed to receive unanimous support for it to carry over to 2018
for approval, it required renomination to come to a vote.[150] He was renominated on January 8, 2018.[151]
On January 24, 2018, the Senate voted along party lines, 49–49, with two Republicans absent, to advance his nomination to the floor, with Vice President Mike Pence casting the tie-
breaking vote to end the Democrats' filibuster. With the Senate again locked at 49–49 later that day, Pence again cast the tie-breaking vote, confirming the nomination.[19] On January
25, Brownback submitted his resignation as governor, effective January 31, 2018, and Lieutenant Governor Jeff Colyer was sworn in as governor.[3][152]
Brownback was sworn in on February 1, 2018.[153][154][155] He became the first Catholic to serve in the role.[147][156]
Brownback opposes abortion in all cases except when the life of the pregnant woman is in danger. He has a 100 percent pro-life voting record according to the National Right to Life
Committee. Brownback also supports parental notification for minors who seek an abortion and opposes partial birth abortion.[157] Brownback was personally anti-abortion though
politically pro-choice during the early days of his career.[158] Brownback has more recently stated, "I see it as the lead moral issue of our day, just like slavery was the lead moral issue
150 years ago."[159] On May 3, 2007, when asked his opinion of repealing Roe v. Wade, Brownback said, "It would be a glorious day of human liberty and freedom."[160]
In 2007, Brownback stated he "could support a pro-choice nominee" to the presidency, because "this is a big coalition party."[161]
In May 2011, Brownback eliminated by executive order and then subsequently vetoed government funding for the Kansas Arts Commission in response to state defiance of his executive
order, making Kansas the first state to de-fund its arts commission.[162] The National Endowment for the Arts informed Kansas that without a viable state arts agency, it would not
receive a planned $700,000 federal grant.[163] Brownback has said he believes private donations should fund arts and culture in the state. He created the Kansas Arts Foundation, an
organization dedicated to private fundraising to make up the gap created by state budget cuts.[163][164]
Brownback said in an interview, "I am not a supporter of a death penalty, other than in cases where we cannot protect the society and have other lives at stake."[165] In a speech on the
Senate Judiciary Committee, he questioned the current use of the death penalty as potentially incongruent with the notion of a "culture of life", and suggested it be employed in a more
limited fashion.[166]
2014 gubernatorial election
U.S. Ambassador-at-Large for International Religious Freedom
Nomination
Tenure
Positions
Abortion
Arts
Capital punishment
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Brownback visited refugee camps in Sudan in 2004 and returned to write a resolution labeling the Darfur conflict as genocide, and has been active on attempting to increase U.S. efforts
to resolve the situation short of military intervention.[167] He is an endorser of the Genocide Intervention Network, which called him a "champion of Darfur" in its Darfur scorecard,
primarily for his early advocacy of the Darfur Peace and Accountability Act.[168]
He was rated 100 percent by the US Chamber of Commerce, indicating a pro-business voting record.
He has consistently supported a low tax-and-spend policy for government.[92] As governor he urged a flattening of the income tax to spur
economic growth in Kansas. In December 2005, Brownback advocated using Washington, DC, as a laboratory for a flat tax.[169][170] He
voted Yes on a Balanced-budget constitutional amendment. He opposed the Estate Tax.
He was rated 100 percent by the Cato Institute, indicating a pro-free trade voting record.[171]
In 2005, the organization Republicans for Environmental Protection ("REP") gave Brownback a grade of 7 percent for the 107th United
States Congress, but in 2006, increased the rating to 26%.[172] Senator Brownback supported an amendment to the Energy Policy Act of
2005, offered by Senator Jeff Bingaman, (D-NM), requiring at least 10 percent of electricity sold by utilities to originate from renewable
resources.[172] He has also supported conservation of rare felids & canids. He has voted for increased funding for international conservation of cranes. Brownback has supported oil
drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge and in the Gulf of Mexico, as a way to reduce dependence on foreign oil. He has promoted the use of renewable energy such as nuclear,
wind, solar, and hydroelectric sources to achieve energy independence.[157]
Brownback has stated that he is a devout believer in a higher power and rejects macroevolution as an exclusive explanation for the development over time of new species from older
ones.[173] Brownback favors giving teachers the freedom to use intelligent design to critique evolutionary theory as part of the Teach the Controversy approach:
There's intelligence involved in the overall of creation ... I don't think we're really at the point of teaching this in the classroom. I think what we passed in the U.S. Senate in
2002 the Santorum Amendment is really what we should be doing, and that is that you teach the controversy, you teach what is fact is fact, and what is theory is theory, and
you move from that proceedings, rather than from teaching some sort of different thought. And this, I really think that's the area we should concentrate on at the present
time, is teaching the controversy.[174]
— Senator Sam Brownback, Larry King Live, CNN, August 23, 2005
Brownback spoke out against the denial of tenure at Iowa State University to astronomer Guillermo Gonzalez, a proponent of intelligent design, saying "such an assault on academic
freedom does not bode well for the advancement of true science."[175]
Brownback opposes a single-payer, government-run health-care system. He supports increased health insurance portability, eliminating insurance rejection due to pre-existing medical
conditions, a cap on frivolous malpractice lawsuits, the implementation of an electronic medical records system, an emphasis on preventative care, and tax benefits aimed at making
health-care insurance more affordable for the uninsured and targeted to promote universal access. He opposes government-funded elective abortions in accordance with the Hyde
Amendment. He has been a strong supporter of legislation to establish a national childhood cancer database and an increase in funding for autism research.[157] Brownback supports
negotiating bulk discounts on Medicare drug benefits to reduce prices. In 2007, Senators Brownback and Sherrod Brown (D-OH) sponsored an amendment to the Food and Drug
Administration Amendments Act of 2007. The amendment created a prize as an incentive for companies to invest in new drugs and vaccines for neglected tropical diseases. It awards a
transferable "Priority Review Voucher" to any company that obtains approval for a treatment for a neglected tropical disease. This provision adds to the market-based incentives
available for the development of new medicines for developing world diseases such as malaria, tuberculosis and African sleeping sickness. The prize was initially proposed by Duke
University faculty Henry Grabowski, Jeffrey Moe, and David Ridley in their 2006 Health Affairs paper: "Developing Drugs for Developing Countries."[176]
Brownback supports a bill that would introduce price transparency to the U.S. health care industry,[177] as well as a bill which would require the disclosure of Medicare payment rate
information.[178]
On December 16, 2006, Brownback gave an interview to the Christian Post, stating: "We can get to this goal of eliminating deaths by cancer in ten years."[179]
Brownback had a Senate voting record that has tended to support higher legal immigration levels[180] and strong refugee protection. Brownback was cosponsor of a 2005 bill of Ted
Kennedy and John McCain's which would have created a legal path to citizenship for millions of illegal immigrants already present.[181] On June 26, 2007, Brownback voted in favor of
S. 1639, the Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act.[182][183] Brownback supports increasing numbers of legal immigrants, building a fence on Mexican border, and the reform bill "if
enforced." While he initially supported giving guest workers a path to citizenship, Brownback eventually voted "Nay" on June 28, 2007.[184] Brownback has said that he supports
immigration reform because the Bible says to welcome the stranger.[185]
On April 25, 2016, Brownback issued executive orders barring state agencies from facilitating refugee resettlement from Syria and other majority Muslim countries, in concert with the
federal Office of Refugee Resettlement (ORR). He maintained they presented security risks. His decision entirely removed the state from the program. The federal Office of Refugee
Resettlement served notice that it would instead work directly with local refugee resettlement organizations. Mark Greenberg of the federal Administration for Children and Families
said, “If the state were to cease participating in the refugee resettlement program, it would have no effect on the placement of refugees by the State Department in Kansas, or the ORR-
funded benefits they can receive." Although states are legally entitled to withdraw from the program, the initial withdrawal for claimed security reasons, is the first in the nation. Micah
Kubic, the Kansas ACLU's executive director said Brownback’s policy removed the state from the process of protecting those seeking safety jeopardized by their religious beliefs, despite
Darfur
Economic issues
Brownback addresses during the
Kansas Soybean Expo 2014
Environmental protection
Evolution
Health care
Immigration
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such refugees receiving thorough screenings: "It's very sad and very unfortunate that the governor is allowing fear to get in the way of hospitality and traditional Kansas values." Earlier
in 2016, Brownback directed state agencies to use the State Department’s list of state-sponsors of terrorism to exclude refugees whose presence might constitute security risks. Refugees
who were fleeing danger in Iran, Sudan and Syria were singled out for exclusion. Thanks to Brownback's initiative, Kansas would lose about $2.2 million annually that had been provided
to support resettlement agencies. The state had been working with three such agencies, among them Catholic Charities of Northeast Kansas, to in making appropriate placements. In the
seven months preceding his order, 354 refugees from all countries have been resettled in Kansas, she said, with thirteen Syrians placed in the Wichita or Kansas City areas of the state in
prior sixteen months. Democratic Representative Jim Ward, from Wichita, characterized Brownback’s announcement as "a distraction," intended solely for political purposes, as Kansas
faced a $290 million budget deficit.[186]
Brownback's withdrawal from the federal refugee resettlement made Kansas the first state to do so.[148]
Brownback supported a political surge coupled with the military surge of 2007 in Iraq and opposed the Democratic Party's strategy of timed
withdrawal:
It does mean that there must be bipartisan agreement for our military commitment on Iraq. We cannot fight a war with the
support of only one political party. And it does mean that the parties in Iraq – Sunni, Shi’a and Kurds – must get to a political
agreement, to a political equilibrium. I think most people agree that a cut and run strategy does not serve our interest at all, nor
those of the world, nor those of the region, nor those of the Iraqi people. So I invite my colleagues, all around, particularly on
the other side of the aisle, to indicate what level of commitment they can support.[187]
— Senator Sam Brownback, U.S. Senate floor speech, January 16, 2007
In May 2007 Brownback stated, "We have not lost war; we can win by pulling together" He voted Yes on authorizing use of military force against Iraq, voted No on requiring on-budget
funding for Iraq, not emergency funding and voted No on redeploying troops out of Iraq by July 2007.[171] He has also condemned anti-Muslim bigotry in name of anti-terrorism.[157]
On June 7, 2007, Brownback voted against the Habeas Corpus Restoration Act of 2007 when that bill came up for a vote in the Senate Judiciary Committee, on which Brownback
sits.[188] (The bill was passed out of the committee by a vote of 11 to 8.)[189] The bill aims to restore habeas corpus rights revoked by the Military Commissions Act of 2006.[190]
In October 2007, Brownback announced his support for a plan designed by Benny Elon, then-chairman of Israel's far-right-wing National
Union/National Religious Party (NU/NRP) alliance.[191] Elon's positions included dismantling the Palestinian National Authority and Hamas and
rejecting a two-state solution. The plan calls for the complete annexation of the West Bank by Israel, and the deportation of its massive majority Arab
population to a new Palestinian state to be created within present-day Jordan, against that latter country's historic opposition.[191]
In 1996, as a member of the House of Representatives, Brownback voted for the Defense of Marriage Act, which defined marriage for purposes of federal
law as the union between a man and a woman.[192] Brownback has stated that he believes homosexuality to be immoral as a violation of both Catholic
doctrine[193] and natural law.[194] He has voted against gay rights, receiving zeros in four of the last five scorecards as a U.S. senator from the Human
Rights Campaign.[195][196][197][198][199] He opposes both same-sex marriage and same-sex civil unions.[194] He opposes adding sexual orientation
and gender identity to federal laws that address hate crime.[194][200] He has declined to state a position on homosexual adoption,[201][202] although a
candidate for chair of the Kansas Republican Party claims he was blackballed by political operatives affiliated with Brownback for not opposing
homosexual adoption.[203] Brownback supported "don't ask, don't tell,"[204] the U.S. government's ban on openly homosexual people in the military.
Brownback has associated with organizations such as the Family Research Council[205][206] and American Family Association.[207][208] Both
organizations are listed as anti-gay hate groups by the Southern Poverty Law Center.
In 2003, Brownback worked with Alliance for Marriage and Traditional Values Coalition to introduce a Senate bill containing the Federal Marriage Amendment, a proposed amendment
to the United States Constitution that would federally prohibit same-sex marriage in the United States.[209][210][211][212] The bill was a response to Goodridge v. Department of
Public Health, the Massachusetts state court decision finding that same-sex couples had the right to marry in Massachusetts.[209][210][211] In reaction to the Goodridge decision,
Brownback stated that same-sex marriage threatened the health of American families and culture.[213]
In 2006, Brownback blocked the confirmation of federal judicial nominee Janet T. Neff because she had attended a same-sex commitment ceremony.[214][215][216] At first, he agreed
to lift the block only if Neff would recuse herself from all cases involving same-sex unions. Brownback later dropped his opposition.[214][215][216] Neff was nominated to the United
States District Court for the Western District of Michigan by President George W. Bush on March 19, 2007 to a seat vacated David McKeague and was confirmed by a vote of 83-4 by the
Senate on July 9, 2007. She received her commission on August 6, 2007.[45]
In April 2011, Brownback began work on a Kansas government program to promote marriage, in part through grants to faith-based and secular social service organizations.[217][218] In
June 2011, the administration revised contract expectations for social work organizations to promote married mother-father families.[219][220] It explained the change as benefiting
children.[219][220]
In January 2012, Brownback did not include Kansas's sodomy law in a list of unenforced and outdated laws that the legislature should repeal.[221][222][223][224] Gay rights advocates
had asked his administration to recommend its repeal because the law has been unenforceable since the Supreme Court's Lawrence v. Texas decision in 2003.[221][222][223][224][225]
In February 2012, the Brownback administration supported a religious freedom bill that would have stopped cities, school districts, universities, and executive agencies from having
nondiscrimination laws or policies that covered sexual orientation or gender identity.[226][227][228]
In 2013, after oral arguments in United States v. Windsor, the U.S. Supreme Court case striking down part of the Defense of Marriage Act, Brownback publicly reaffirmed his opposition
to same-sex marriage.[229]
Iraq
Brownback posing with U.S. troops
in Iraq.
Israel and the Palestinian Territories
Brownback at the
December 2007 AIPAC
Policy Conference
LGBT issues
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In 2014, the U.S. Supreme Court denied petitions to review several federal appellate decisions overturning state bans on same-sex marriage.[230][231] The court's actions favored repeal
of Kansas's ban on same-sex marriage because two of the appeals (Kitchen v. Herbert and Bishop v. Oklahoma) originated in the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit,
which includes Kansas.[230][231] In response, Brownback defended Kansas's same-sex marriage ban as being supported by a majority of Kansas voters and criticized "activist judges"
for "overruling" the people of Kansas.[232][233][234]
On February 10, 2015, Brownback issued an executive order rescinding protections for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender state workers that was put into place by then-Gov. Kathleen
Sebelius eight years previously.[235] In the February 11, 2015, edition of The Daily Show, comedian Jon Stewart suggested that an internet campaign similar to the campaign for the
neologism "santorum", which had lampooned former U.S. Senator Rick Santorum, could introduce a similarly sex-related neologism "brownbacking" in order to embarrass Brownback.
The ACLU generally characterized his actions as being "religious freedom to discriminate."[149]
Brownback supports adult stem cell research and cord blood stem cells. Brownback appeared with three children adopted from in vitro fertilization clinics to coincide with a Senate
debate over the Cord Blood Stem Cell Act of 2005[236] to show his support for the bill and adult stem cell research. The Religious Freedom Coalition refers to children conceived through
the adopted in vitro process as "snowflake children."[237] The term, as proponents explain, is an extension of the idea that the embryos are "frozen and unique," and in that way are
similar to snowflakes.[237] Brownback supports the use of cord blood stem cell research for research and treatment. He opposes the use of embryonic stem cells in research or
treatments for human health conditions.[171]
On September 27, 2006, Brownback introduced a bill called the Truth in Video Game Rating Act (S.3935), which would regulate the rating system of computer and video games.
On June 15, 2006, President George W. Bush signed into law the Broadcast Decency Enforcement Act of 2005 sponsored by Brownback, a former broadcaster himself. The new law
stiffens the penalties for each violation of the Act. The Federal Communications Commission will be able to impose fines in the amount of $325,000 for each violation by each station
that violates decency standards. The legislation raises the fine by tenfold.[238][239]
On September 3, 1997, Meredith O'Rourke, an employee of Kansas firm Triad Management Services, was deposed by the Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs regarding her
activities and observations while providing services for the company relative to fund raising and advertising for Brownback. The deposition claims that Triad circumvented existing
campaign finance laws by channeling donations through Triad, and also bypassed the campaign law with Triad running 'issue ads' during Brownback's first campaign for the
Senate.[240][241]
He has said he does not believe there is an inherent right to privacy in the U.S. Constitution. He has, however, expressed disapproval of George W. Bush's assertions on the legality of the
NSA wiretapping program.[242]
Brownback voted to maintain current gun laws: guns sold without trigger locks. He opposes gun control.[171]
Brownback is a lead sponsor of the International Marriage Broker Regulation Act of 2005 and frequently speaks out against the mail-order bride industry.[243]
Brownback introduced into the Senate a resolution (Senate Joint Resolution 4) calling for the United States to apologize for past mistreatment of Native Americans.[244][245][246]
Brownback's voting record on civil rights was rated 20 percent by the ACLU. He voted "yes" on ending special funding for minority and
women-owned business and "yes" on recommending a Constitutional ban on flag desecration. He opposes quotas in admission to institutions
of higher education.[171] He voted "yes" on increasing penalties for drug offenses and voted "yes" on more penalties for gun and drug
violations.[171]
Brownback voted against banning chemical weapons.[171] He voted "yes" on reauthorizing the PATRIOT Act and voted "yes" on extending
the PATRIOT Act's wiretap provision.[171] In May 2007, Brownback stated that "Iran is the lead sponsor of terrorism around the world." He
supports talks and peaceful measures with Iran, but no formal diplomatic relations.[171]
Throughout his Senate career, Brownback's principal campaign donors were the politically influential libertarian Koch brothers of Kansas,
and their enterprises, including Kansas-based Koch Industries—and Brownback was one of the candidates most-heavily funded by the Kochs'
campaign donations. Over the course of his political career, they donated hundreds of thousands of dollars to his
campaigns.[35][56][36][92][73]
Brownback's signature tax and regulatory policies coincides tightly with the Kochs' position on those issues.[35][56] It was crafted with the assistance of the Koch-backed American
Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC) and Brownback's first Budget Director, Steve Anderson. Anderson was a former Koch employee who previously worked at the Koch's principal
political organization, the libertarian think-tank Americans for Prosperity (AFP), developing a "model budget" for Kansas, until his appointment as Brownback's first budget director.
Anderson remained Brownback's budget director for three years, before returning to a Koch-linked think tank, the Kansas Policy Institute.[94][95][36]
Brownback also hired the wife of a Koch-enterprise executive as his spokesperson.[73]
Brownback, however, has denied that the Kochs have an undue influence in Kansas government,[35] and analysts have noted key differences between Brownback and the Kochs in two of
Brownback's main gubernatorial policy areas:
social issues: (On abortion, Brownback is pro-life, the Kochs pro-choice; Brownback opposes various LGBT rights, the libertarian Kochs accept them);[35][36] and
renewable energy standards for Kansas, which promote renewable energy (supported by Brownback; opposed by the Kochs, whose chief business is the fossil-fuel
industry).[35][36]
Stem cell research
Other issues
Governor Sam Brownback makes
remarks at a ground breaking
ceremony at McConnell Air Force
Base
Relationship with Koch family
Personal life
14. 5/30/2018 Sam Brownback - Wikipedia
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Brownback is married to Mary Brownback (née Stauffer), whose family owned and operated Stauffer Communications until its sale in
1995.[248] They have five children: Abby, Andy, Elizabeth, Mark, and Jenna. Two of their children are adopted.[249] A former evangelical
Christian, Brownback converted to Catholicism[92] in 2002, and is associated with the conservative denominational organization, Opus
Dei,[250] but still sometimes attends an evangelical church with his family.[251]
Kansas's 2nd congressional district: 1994 results[252]
Year Democratic Votes Pct Republican Votes Pct Overall Turnout
1994 John Carlin 71,025 34.4% Sam Brownback 135,725 65.6% 206,750
Kansas's 2nd Congressional District Republican Primary Election Results, 1994
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Sam Brownback 35,415 48.3
Republican Bob Bennie 26,008 35.5
Republican Joe Hume 11,872 16.2
Total votes 73,295 100.0
In 1996, Bob Dole resigned from the U.S. Senate to focus on his campaign for U.S. President. Lieutenant Governor Sheila Frahm was appointed to Dole's Senate seat by Governor Bill
Graves. Brownback defeated Frahm in the Republican primary and won the general election against Jill Docking to serve out the remainder of Dole's term.
United States Senate special election in Kansas, 1996: Republican Primary Results
Year Incumbent Votes Pct Challenger Votes Pct Challenger Votes Pct Overall
Turnou
1996
Sheila
Frahm
142,487 41.6%
Sam
Brownback 187,914 54.8%
Christina
Campbell-
Cline
12,378 3.6% 342,779
United States Senate special election in Kansas, 1996: General Election Results
Year Democratic Votes Pct Republican Votes Pct Reform Votes Pct Overall
Turnout
1996 Jill Docking 461,344 43.3%
Sam
Brownback 574,021 53.9%
Donald
R.
Klaassen
29,351 2.8% 1,064,716
U.S. Senate elections in Kansas, (Class III): Results 1998–2004[252]
Year Democratic Votes Pct Republican Votes Pct Libertarian Votes Pct Refo
1998 Paul Feleciano 229,718 31.6%
Sam
Brownback 474,639 65.3% Tom Oyler 11,545 1.6%
Alvin
Baum
2004 Lee Jones 310,337 27.5%
Sam
Brownback 780,863 69.2% Steven A.
Rosile
21,842 1.9%
Geor
Cook
Brownback discusses science and
religion in American politics in
October 2007, during his
presidential run.[247]
Electoral history
U.S. House of Representatives
U.S. Senator
0:00 MENU
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Kansas's U.S. Senate Republican Primary Election Results, 2004
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Sam Brownback 286,839 86.9
Republican Arch Naramore 42,880 13.0
Governor's Republican primary election in Kansas, 2010
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Sam Brownback 263,920 82.1
Republican Joan Heffington 57,160 17.8
Total votes 321,080 100.0
Governor's election in Kansas, 2010 [253]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Sam Brownback – Jeff Colyer 530,760 63.28
Democratic Tom Holland – Kelly Kultala 270,166 32.21
Libertarian Andrew Gray – Stacey Davis 22,460 2.68
Reform Ken Cannon – Dan Faubion 15,397 1.84
Total votes 838,790 100.0
Republican gain from Democratic
Governor's Republican primary election in Kansas, 2014
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Sam Brownback 166,687 63.2
Republican Jennifer Winn 96,907 36.7
Total votes 263,594 100.0
Governor's election in Kansas, 2014[254]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Sam Brownback – Jeff Colyer 433,196 49.82
Democratic Paul Davis – Jill Docking 401,100 46.13
Libertarian Keen A. Umbehr – Josh Umbehr 35,206 4.05
Total votes 869,502 100.00
United States immigration debate
How Democracy Works Now: Twelve Stories
1. "Harland E. Priddle" (http://www.kansasmemory.org/item/203655). Kansas Memory. Kansas Historical Society. Retrieved 11 June 2017.
2. "Philip A. Fishburn - Kansas Memory" (http://www.kansasmemory.org/item/203653). www.kansasmemory.org. Retrieved January 24, 2018.
Governor of Kansas
See also
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