Respond to the 5 post below.100-200 words APA FORMAT (NO TITLE PAGE NEEDED) Due Sunday January 26, 2020 Adam J 1. After selecting and reading two of the provided articles, I was able to notice some differences and similarities between the two studies.  As I read the article by Grenier and McGill (2007), the focus seemed to be on explaining the methods of improving lumbar stability and determining which of these two methods was more efficient at providing stability to this region.  Through this study, Grenier and McGill found that when comparing abdominal hollowing and abdominal bracing, major differences could be found.  In fact, through this study, we are able to see that the strategy of abdominal bracing provided a 32% improvement in the observed stability of the lumbar spine.  Although Okubo, et al. (2010) were also concerned with lumbar stability, their study focused more on specific exercises that maximize specific abdominal muscle activation.  The information presented by Okubo, et al. shows that different exercises are necessary if our goal is to improve the overall stability of our lumbar spine.  The information gleaned from the two articles described above are both important when working with a patient/client who has need of improving their spinal stability.  After reading these two articles, I feel instructing a patient/client to incorporate an abdominal brace can help prevent injury from occurring during the prescribed exercise program.  McGill (2016) also claims that his studies have shown an instant reduction in pain levels in many of his patients when abdominal bracing is used.  When abdominal bracing is used in combination with the exercises described by Okubo, et al. (2010), I believe we can help patients/clients avoid injury during exercise, while also improving the overall stability of the spine by strengthening the muscles associated with lumbar stability.  Josh Y 2. I chose to review the articles by Ishida, Suehiro, Kurozumi, and Watanabe (2016) and Grenier and McGill (2007). Both studies made use of electromyography, which helped to quantify their data, rather than basing it on subjects’ perceptions of or description of what they felt during the study. The overarching purpose of both studies was to examine core stability and how different techniques contribute to core stability Grenier and McGill (2007) examined abdominal hollowing and abdominal bracing. To test the two techniques, subjects were handed either a bilateral or asymmetrical weight in their hands. Electromyographic findings showed that the abdominal brace increased stability by 32%. Ishida, Suehiro, Kurozumi, and Watanabe (2016) studied abdominal bracing and expiration in relation to sudden trunk loading. Subjects were loaded while at rest and while performing each of the stabilization techniques (expiration and bracing). The timing of when the loading would be applied was unknown to the subjects. There proved to be no difference between expiration and braci ...

1. Respond to the 5 post below.100-200 words
APA FORMAT (NO TITLE PAGE NEEDED)
Due Sunday January 26, 2020
Adam J
1. After selecting and reading two of the provided articles, I
was able to notice some differences and similarities between the
two studies. As I read the article by Grenier and McGill (2007),
the focus seemed to be on explaining the methods of improving
lumbar stability and determining which of these two methods
was more efficient at providing stability to this region.
Through this study, Grenier and McGill found that when
comparing abdominal hollowing and abdominal bracing, major
differences could be found. In fact, through this study, we are
able to see that the strategy of abdominal bracing provided a
32% improvement in the observed stability of the lumbar spine.
Although Okubo, et al. (2010) were also concerned with lumbar
stability, their study focused more on specific exercises that
maximize specific abdominal muscle activation. The
information presented by Okubo, et al. shows that different
exercises are necessary if our goal is to improve the overall
stability of our lumbar spine.
The information gleaned from the two articles described above
are both important when working with a patient/client who has
need of improving their spinal stability. After reading these
two articles, I feel instructing a patient/client to incorporate an
abdominal brace can help prevent injury from occurring during
the prescribed exercise program. McGill (2016) also claims
that his studies have shown an instant reduction in pain levels
in many of his patients when abdominal bracing is used. When
abdominal bracing is used in combination with the exercises
described by Okubo, et al. (2010), I believe we can help
patients/clients avoid injury during exercise, while also
improving the overall stability of the spine by strengthening the

2. muscles associated with lumbar stability.
Josh Y
2. I chose to review the articles by Ishida, Suehiro, Kurozumi,
and Watanabe (2016) and Grenier and McGill (2007). Both
studies made use of electromyography, which helped to quantify
their data, rather than basing it on subjects’ perceptions of or
description of what they felt during the study. The overarching
purpose of both studies was to examine core stability and how
different techniques contribute to core stability
Grenier and McGill (2007) examined abdominal hollowing and
abdominal bracing. To test the two techniques, subjects were
handed either a bilateral or asymmetrical weight in their hands.
Electromyographic findings showed that the abdominal brace
increased stability by 32%.
Ishida, Suehiro, Kurozumi, and Watanabe (2016) studied
abdominal bracing and expiration in relation to sudden trunk
loading. Subjects were loaded while at rest and while
performing each of the stabilization techniques (expiration and
bracing). The timing of when the loading would be applied was
unknown to the subjects. There proved to be no difference
between expiration and bracing, both of which promoted co-
contraction of the torso musculature and increased spinal
stability. The study also found that there is no rational behind
the abdominal hollowing maneuver.
Both studies agree that abdominal bracing is superior to
abdominal hollowing terms of increasing stability. I use the
abdominal brace regularly in rehabbing my patients. The more I
have come to learn about core stability, the more I have
centered core training/strengthening/rehabbing around the
abdominal brace. Exercises like “Bird dogs”, “Pallof press” and
“Good mornings” are all great ways to first establish an
abdominal brace and then proceed with the movement.
However, the abdominal brace can and should be used in any
exercise to provide a stable foundation on which to perform the
movement.

3. Gina G
3. When addressing core stability issues, we should consider the
results of these studies. Houglum (2016) confirms that “the use
of both local and global muscles is needed for optimal core
control, exercises for both groups should be used in a
rehabilitation program.” Therefore, teaching proper bracing to
enhance core stability issues would be one of the first things to
do. McGill (2016) states “abdominal bracing, which activates
the three layers of the abdominal wall (external oblique,
internal oblique, transverse abdominis) with no drawing in, is
much more effective than abdominal hollowing at enhancing
spine stability.” Then, when the patient or athlete master the
bracing technique, we can move ahead and start the stability
exercise program. Exercises such as the curl up, bird dog, side
bridge, supine stabilization arm/leg movement, dead bug, and
the cat camel stretch are highly recommended at the beginning
of the stability program as we have previously learned (Faries &
Greenwood, 2007; Houglum, 2016; McGill, 2016). Considering
that everyone is different, we should know when is the right
time to progress our patient or athlete and if the exercises would
fit his/her needs and abilities. Then, more complex and dynamic
exercises could be incorporated, again, as we progress and the
case allows us. Exercises such as planks, plank with hip
extension, side bridge with abduction, side bridge with internal
rotation, cable woodchop, exercises with a stability ball, single-
leg exercises, and even glutes activation exercises would be
ideal as this individual gets her/his core more stable and
stronger.
Jordan W
4. The other article on electromyography takes a different
approach as they actually used electrodes, both in the muscle an
on the surface of the skin to test multiple known core exercises,
lumbar stabilizer exercises, and see which ones produce a
contraction type best suited for rehab purposes. I thought this

4. was the more interesting of the two as they were able to detect
and quantify the strength level that each exercise produces in
each targeted muscle. This can be quite useful for those
clinicians who already have a general understanding of how to
assess and program a low back pain rehab program but need
further information on exact exercises for specific deficiencies.
For instance Okubo, et al. (2010) "The highest bilateral
symmetrical level of activation of the EO was seen during the
elbow-toe exercises, with the highest levels when the
contralateral arm and leg were lifted off the supporting surface,
likely reflecting the role of the EO to help control trunk
rotation." I think this type of information is for the advanced
practitioner but one who can use this type of knowledge to
progress patients from a basic form of rehab to a more
persoanlized and eventually specific rehab program suited to the
patients' needs. I've seen some clinicians in my Athletic
Training profession use the same protocols for similar injuries,
and although that is okay as it will help, being more patient-
specific can help the patient return sooner and healthier.
Barvin
5. “ Quantification of lumbar stability by using 2 different
abdominal activation strategies.”
The bracing strategy provided greater stability than hollowing.
The potential of the transversus abdominis to enhance stability,
on its own, appears to be very limited. It seems to be no
mechanical rationale for using stabilization exercises to enhance
a hollow for stabilization purposes; rather a brace creates
patterns that better enhance stability. Hollowing strategy is
unlikely to generate a greater intra-abdominal pressure than full
bracing.
Core training- stabilizing the confusion
Core exercises do not aim to increase the stability of the
musculature, but rather aim to enhance the muscles’ ability to
stabilize the spine, particularly the lumbar spine. The main
purposes of basic core strength training (training the local

5. system) is to increase stability and to gain coordination and
timing of the deep abdominal wall musculature, as well as to
reduce and prevent injury. Training and exercise can lead to
great increases in maximal dynamic strength through neural
adaptations in all musculature, so the neuromuscular system
then can specifically compensate and improve dynamic stability
of spine.
MBA 6941, Managing Project Teams 1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit VI
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
4. Explore the dynamics of project teams.
4.1 Describe the positive and negative risks of a project and
how they can affect the project team.
4.2 Identify risk response plans based on the key processes of
project risk management and how
team members can play a role in these plans.
Reading Assignment
Chapter 14: Risk

6. Unit Lesson
Project risk is an uncertain event in the future, and if it occurs,
it will have a positive or negative impact on one
or more project objectives, including scope, schedule, cost, and
quality. Risk may have one or more causes
such as requirement, assumption, and constraints or conditions
that create the possibility of negative or
positive outcomes.
It is normal even for the extremely organized and most carefully
planned project to run into unexpected
troubles. Several factors such as inadequate resources, the
project environment, the project management
processes, and other facets can contribute to project risks. We
will be able to anticipate some risks in
advance and come up with response plans; other risk events will
occur unannounced during the project.
Team members can get sick or quit unexpectedly, sudden
weather change can drastically limit your options,
and even resources that you are depending on may become
unavailable. The purpose of risk management is
to identify potential problems that could cause concern for your
project, analyze how likely and at what
frequency they will occur, take preventive actions for the ones
you can avoid, and minimize the impacts and
probability for the ones you cannot avoid. There are two
generalized types of risk:
(only a risk of loss/threat)—are sometimes also
called insurable risks and can include
events like fire, theft, personal injury, and other elements.

7. Opportunity (Positive Risk): These are the risks with positive
effects. It is a favorable situation in the
organizational environment. Some examples include the arrival
of new technology or the removal of an
international trade barrier. In addition, the fulfillment of a
previously unfulfilled customer need may have a
significant positive impact on your project.
Threats (Negative Risk): These are external elements in the
environment that arise from political, economic,
social, and technological (PEST) forces and can cause trouble
for the business. Some examples can include
new regulations, increased trade barriers, or the emergence of
substitute products.
A few additional threats include the following:
injury;
obsolete;
et changes that may result from changes in customer
needs, competitor’s moves, or
demographic shifts; or
determine government policy and taxation
structure.
The same event can be an opportunity for some organizations
and a threat for others at the same time. NASA
has been working with several companies to send spacecraft to
the international space station on a regular

8. UNIT VI STUDY GUIDE
Project Risk Responses
MBA 6941, Managing Project Teams 2
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
basis. In addition, NASA has also been working with a few
nanotech companies on building an elevator from
the ground to the space station to transfer the equipment,
manpower, and other materials more conveniently
and cheaply. So far it has not been successful since no material
that could be used to build the elevator can
take the air pressure. These nanotech companies are working on
carbon nanotubes that are capable of taking
the air pressure and will not break. This emergence of a
substitute product or arrival of new technology is a
huge opportunity for these nanotech companies but a huge
threat for others working with NASA on the
spacecraft.
Project Risk Management
Project risk management is a systematic approach to
identification, analysis, response, and control of project
risk. The objectives of risk management are to increase the
probability and impact of positive events and to

9. decrease the probability and impact of adverse events. Project
risk management is an iterative, continuous
process, in which risks are identified and managed once the
project is initiated, and then they are modified,
updated, added, and reassessed throughout the project lifecycle.
Project manager and team responsibilities
in risk management include the following:
to risk of the project team,
communication abut risk and risk handling,
throughout the project, and
them (Project Management Institute,
[PMI], 2013).
Some important risk management concepts include the
following:
—actual occurrence of the risk, such as
equipment failure.
—related to the environment in which
the project is run.
—symptoms or warning signs that a potential

10. risk is about to occur in the project. For
instance, a key team member searching for a better job
opportunity is a warning sign that the person
may be leaving the team soon causing schedule delay and
increased cost.
ncertainty—state characterized by the absence of
information related to an outcome. A risk has
uncertainty in both the occurrence and the outcome. It is typical
of most projects that uncertainty and
risk diminish as the project proceeds (PMI, 2013).
Risk factors are aspects of risk that should be considered,
including the following:
happen?
Consider the expected timing of risk events in the
project life cycle.
from the source.
Other concepts related to risk include the following:
—someone who does not want to take risk.
—high-level, generic description of the

11. acceptable level of risk in the project. For
example, the customer is okay with accepting some cost and
schedule risk in the project.
—Areas of risks where risks can be acceptable
or unacceptable. A risk that will affect
the reputation of a company will not be tolerated, but a
financial risk can be acceptable. Thus,
reputation is not an area of risk tolerance, but finance can be.
—Amount of risk that is acceptable. For
instance, a company is okay with a financial
risk of $30,000 but not more than that; thus, the threshold here
is the amount of financial risk the
company is willing to consider (PMI, 2013).
MBA 6941, Managing Project Teams 3
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
Project Risk Management Processes
This risk management plan addresses all the project’s risk
management approach, creates the boundaries,
expectations, and general rules for managing risks in the
project. The first step is to identify risks where the
project team, the project manager, the project sponsor, vendors,

12. stakeholders, end users, and even
customers can contribute if required. The next step is to assess
the probability and impact of all the risk items.
Then it is off to quantitative analysis, where the risk’s
probability and impact are quantified.
The team must make an effort to prevent the risk items from
happening and should always identify preventive
actions as well as contingency actions. Ongoing monitoring and
controlling of the risk events and their impact
is essential to effective risk management. Risk register is the
project’s journal and database of risks, their
status, impact, and any supporting detail about the risk events
and a key output for all these risk management
processes.
PMI identifies six key processes that are associated the with
risk management knowledge area.
Processes Process Groups Detail Key Outputs
1.Plan Risk
Management
Planning The process of deciding how to
approach, plan, and execute risk
management activities
Risk Management
Plan
2.Identify Risks Planning The iterative process of identifying
all
the risks that may impact the project,
documenting them, and identifying
their characteristics

13. Risk Register
3. Perform
Qualitative Risk
Analysis
Planning The process of prioritizing risks for
subsequent further analysis or action
by assessing and combing their
probability of occurrence and impact
Project Document
Updates
4. Perform
Quantitative Risk
Analysis
Planning The process of numerically analyzing
the effect of overall project objectives
of identified risks
Project
Documents
Updates
5. Plan Risk
Responses
Planning The process of developing options
and actions to enhance opportunities
and reduce threats to project
objectives
Project

14. Documents
Updates
6. Control Risks Monitoring &
controlling
The process of identifying, analyzing,
and planning for newly arising risks,
keeping track of the identified risks,
reanalyzing existing risks, monitoring
trigger conditions, monitoring
residual risks, and reviewing the
execution and effectiveness of risk
responses.
Work performance
information
Change Requests
(PMI, 2013)
Reference
Project Management Institute. (2013). A guide to the project
management body of knowledge (5th ed.).
Newton Square, PA: Project Management Institute.

15. MBA 6941, Managing Project Teams 4
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
Suggested Reading
Please use your favorite search engine to locate the following
article. This article will give you an insight into
project process and how project risk management processes are
helping organizations achieve success.
Afsari, N., & Murphy, B. (2015). Managing construction project
risks. Risk Management, 62(4), 16-17.