5. Organized Body
Power and Authority to Make Laws
Political Units: Towns, Cities, States, Nation
U.S. Congress British Parliament German Reichstag
10. Found in parliamentary systems
Executive selected from within legislature
Executive responsible to legislature
Legislative vote of no confidence
Parliaments = Fused-Powers Systems
Example: United Kingdom
11.
12. Found in presidential systems
Central feature is separation of powers
Legislature independent from executive
Legislature cannot remove executive (impeachment)
Congressus: “Friendly meeting” or “hostile takeover”’
Example: United States
18. Citizen Desires Government
Government Decisions Citizens
Dependent on interaction between legislatures
and other actors (e.g. executive)
Example: Recess in U.S. Congress
Important in:
Single-Member Districts (SMD)
Indirect Election of Executive
19.
20. EDMUND BURKE TYPES OF REPRESENTATION
Delegate Representation
Follow Constituents
Trustee Representation
Listen to Constituents
Make Up Own Mind
21.
22. Foster Compromise
Participation of Minority Groups
Impact on larger societal conflict
Larger problems (e.g. trust in government)
23.
24.
25.
26.
27. PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEM
Large control over
policymaking in govt.
Removal of Executive
PRESIDENTIAL SYSTEM
Lesser degree of control
over policymaking
Political differences due to
independence from exec.
Divided Government (US)
28.
29. Development and passage of policy proposals
Monitoring agencies to ensure implementation
How does oversight occur?
QuestionTime
Inquiries and Hearings
Investigative Committees
Reports on Specific Issues
30.
31.
32.
33. Legislative approval of:
National Budgets
Tax Policies
Denial of funds for domestic programs, wars
34.
35.
36.
37. HOLD
Prevents bill from being
voted on in U.S. Senate
FILIBUSTER
Hold the Senate floor by
making speeches so that
no action is taken on bill
Cloture vote ends
filibuster (3/5 of Senate)
42. Number andType of Chambers
Number: Unicameral (1) vs. Bicameral (2)
Type: Lower Chamber vs. Upper Chamber
Relationship Between Chambers
▪ Breakdown of legislative power
▪ Equally Shared?
▪ Equally Divided?
▪ Unequally Divided?
43. Size
Degree of Legislative Professionalism
Days of Legislative Session
Member Pay and Staff
Turnover Rate
Stability and Expertise of Body
44.
45. Independence of Institution as Whole
Independence of Individual Members
47. PARTY CHARACTERISTICS
Candidate Selection
Self-Nomination
Political Machines
LeadershipVeto?
Internal Organization
Centralized or Decentralized
PARTY SYSTEM
CHARACTERISTICS
Electoral System
Party-Centered
Candidate-Centered
Party and Campaign Funding
Rules on State Financing
Rules on Outside Donations
48.
49.
50.
51. One candidate is elected from
each legislative district.
Political parties may play a
role in this decision.
52. FIRST-PAST-THE-POST (FPTP)
Candidate w/ most votes wins
Do NOT have to win majority
of vote, just plurality
Consequences: Districts
represented by other party!
RUNOFF
Top two candidates after
first round of voting
compete in additional
elections until majority
Case Study: France
53. More than one candidate chosen from area
What would happen if U.S. adopted this?
56. OPEN-LIST PR
Voters choose candidates
from party list
Candidates elected
according to popular vote
CLOSED-LIST PR
Voters vote for party list
Candidates elected in
order they appear on list
until all seats are filled
57.
58. ALTERNATIVEVOTE (AV)
Votes tallied
If NO candidate gets
majority, the last-place
candidate is eliminated
Votes are reallocated to
voters’ more preferred
candidates
Continues until one
candidate has majority
SINGLETRANSFERABLEVOTE
(STV)
Votes tallied
Votes of winning
candidates reallocated to
voters’ second and third
choices until slate elected
59.
60. SINCEREVOTING
Voting for candidate who
expresses preferences
STRATEGICVOTING
Voting for candidate with
best chance of winning
61.
62. Representation vs. National Issues
Voters get two votes
Individual Candidate
▪ Member with most votes from constituency elected (SMD)
Political Party
▪ Party votes tallied; seats based on party strength (PR)
Can you see U.S. adopting hybrid system?