These are the POL 140 Lecture Slides for Chapter 3, "Politics of the American Founding."

1. POL 140
Fall 2014

3. Written over 200 years
ago in Philadelphia
Oldest written
constitution in the
modern world
Many governments
have used it as a model
for their political
system

5. Virginia House of Burgesses, 1619

7. Sugar Act (1764)
Stamp Act (1765)

8. Declaratory Act (1766)
Townshend Acts (1767)
Charles Townshend,
Chancellor of the Exchequer

9. Tea Act (1773)
Boston Tea Party

12. “Virtual Representation”
First Continental Congress

14. Franklin Livingston Adams
Sherman Jefferson

15. The Social Contract
“Consent of
the Governed”
Locke

17. Each state received
one vote
Major laws required
agreement of nine of
the thirteen state
legislatures
Really fundamental
changes had to be
unanimous

18. Congress had no power
to draft soldiers or pay
for military recruits
Congress had no power
to regulate commerce
between states and
foreign powers
Congress had no power
to tax individuals

19. Daniel Shays

23. 55 total men from 12 states
Represented colonial elite—most already had
extensive public service
 24 had served in Continental Congress
 21 had fought in Revolutionary War
 7 had served as a state governor
 46 had served as a state legislature

24. Madison Franklin Sherman Paterson

25. JOHN ADAMS THOMAS JEFFERSON

27. GEORGE WASHINGTON JAMES MADISON

28. Each state delegation
would receive one vote
Did not record
individual votes
Proceedings were kept
secret

29. Reach a compromise between large and
small states over representation in Congress
Negotiate issues between northern and
southern states related to slavery
Determine balance of power between state
and federal government

31. Significantly
strengthen power of
national government
Shifted Convention
deliberation from
amending Articles to
drafting new
Constitution

32. Bicameral (two house) national
legislature
Members of lower chamber
apportioned among states by
population
Members of lower chamber,
would elect members of upper
chamber
Members of lower chamber
would choose the executive and
judiciary
Gave legislature much broader
authority than under Articles

33. Unicameral (one house)
legislature
Equal representation
regardless of population
Plural executive that
could be removed by
legislature
Courts appointed by
executive

34. Bicameral (two house)
legislature
Lower chamber based
on state population
Upper chamber based
on equal representation

36. Slavery was divisive issue for the delegates
How should slaves be counted in allocating
congressional representation to the states?
 How would Southern states likely answer? Why?
Decision: Three-Fifths Compromise

38. “Enumerated” Powers
Those powers “herein granted”
Included:
 Power to raise an army
 Power to raise taxes
 Provide for general welfare of nation

43. JAMES MADISON PATRICK HENRY

45. Response to Anti-Federalist arguments
Danger lay in factions
What is a faction?
 “A number of citizens, who are united…by some
common impulse of passion, or of interest, adverse to
the rights of other citizens, or to the permanent and
aggregate issues of the community”

46. Removing Causes
 “Destroying the liberty which is essential to its
existence”
 “By giving to every citizen the same opinions, the
same passions, and the same interests”
Controlling Effects
 Representative Government

47. Response to Anti-Federalist thought that
Constitution is first step to tyranny
“Ambition must be made to counteract
ambition”