Submarine uses stylistic elements common in independent films to portray the main character Oliver's inner thoughts and emotions. It employs non-diegetic melancholic music by less mainstream artist Alex Turner to show Oliver's somber personality, in contrast to more upbeat music typically used in mainstream films. Scene editing also contributes to the independent film style, like closely zooming shots that build intensity during Oliver's first kiss, combined with increasing diegetic train sounds to convey Oliver's sense of relief, rather than long static shots often used in mainstream films. Through these micro-level directorial choices, Submarine presents itself as an independent film that explores Oliver's unique individual characteristics.

1. In what ways can submarine be seen as an example of an independent film?
Within the film submarine, it is shown to use micro as well as macro elements in order to
create the effect of the style in which many independent films are able to implement.
The use of non-diegetic music can be used to show how submarine is an independent film.
This is due to how many films use more mainstream music artists for the music within
their films such as Eminem in green mile, whereas submarine uses Alex turner who is from
the less mainstream band artic monkeys. The music used within the film is mainly
melancholic, whereas music originally composed for other films is usually upbeat and is
uplifting to the audience. This can be seen through glory in Selma. This shows that
submarine is able to denote the tropes that many films have when it comes to music
being used within their films. The use of melancholic music is used to conscribe the
attributes that the main characterin the film contains, whilst also being used to show the
kind of emotions that Oliver feels when being combined with the use of longshots with
the music. This therefore shows that submarine is independent as it is usually micro
elements in order for the film to recognise what the character is going through, whilst
being used to present the kind of person Oliver is within the opening credits as the use of
the sombre music immediately connotes to the audience that Oliver is a violent or
boisterous young lad that many films stereotype young lads to be, but rather someone
who is in check with his thoughts and his feelings, present a more open minded character.
Furthermore, within the film editing is used to present an independent film style to the
audience. This is shown by how the film uses shots that increasingly get closer towards
the characters. This is shown through the sequence in which Oliver is photographed
kissing the girl. The zooming in of the shot is quickly editing together, whilst the increasing
volume of the diegetic sound of the train passing by furthers the impact that is created.
The increasing volume takes away the awardkwess of the situation, whilst also connoting
the importance of what the situation is for Oliver. This further implements the sense of
relief that Oliver has at that exact moment. Meanwhile, the increasing zooming in of the
shots presents an auteur style of film making, as many directors would use a lustrous long
static take for that shot, whilst implanting the non-diegetic sound of instruments such as
pianos and violins. The fact that submarine combines the use of overlapping shots with
the diegetic sound of the train further employs that it is an independent film. This is
because it connotes that the style being presented is being used to imply the implications
of the situation, as the use of the micro elements makes the audience able to access the
impact that the situation is currently having on liver as the shots are able to suggest the
different emotions that Oliver has.
Overall, submarine can mainly be seen as an independent film through its use of micro
elements. This is because the film creates an indivualistic and stylised directorial choice of
the micro elements an order to exaggerate the thoughts and feelings Oliver has due to his
own indivual characteristics that are deployed through the microelements.