Mineral potentials of ethiopia

Geology and mineral potential of Ethiopia: a note on geology
and mineral map of Ethiopia
Solomon Tadesse a,*, Jean-Pierre Milesi b
, Yves Deschamps b,*
a
Department of Geology and Geophysics, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
b
BRGM, Mineral Resources Division, 3, avenue C. Guillemin, B.P. 6009, 45060 Orl
e
eans cedex 2, France
Received 7 August 2002; accepted 28 May 2003
Abstract
This work presents a geoscientific map and database for geology, mineral and energy resources of Ethiopia in a digital form at a
scale of 1:2,000,000, compiled from several sources. The final result of the work has been recorded on CD-ROM in GIS format so
that the map and the database could be available to users on a personal computer.
Metallic resources (precious, rare, base and ferrous–ferroalloy metals) are widely related to the metamorphic meta-volcano-
sedimentary belts and associated intrusives belonging to various terranes of the Arabian–Nubian Shield, accreted during the East
and West Gondwana collision (Neoproterozoic, 900–500 Ma).
Industrial minerals and rock resources occur in more diversified geological environments, including the Proterozoic basement
rocks, the Late Paleozoic to Mesozoic sediments and recent (Cenozoic) volcanics and associated sediments.
Energy resources (oil, coal, geothermal resources) are restricted to Phanerozoic basin sediments and Cenozoic volcanism and
rifting areas.
2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Ethiopia; Geology; Mineral resources; Digital cartography; Geographic information systems; Nubian Shield
1. Introduction
The aim of this paper is to provide readers with a
compilation of published data on mineral resources,
dating from those of Jelenc (1966) up to the recent
synthesis by Selassie and Reimold (2000). The published
data are complemented by unpublished information
provided by one of the authors (Tadesse). This was then
integrated using a GIS software developed by BRGM.
2. Geology
The main rock types of Ethiopia illustrated on the
general and schematic map of the geology of Ethiopia
(Fig. 1) are:
• The Precambrian metamorphic rocks with associated
syn- to post-tectonic intrusions which form the Base-
ment Complex;
• The late-Paleozoic to Mesozoic marine and continen-
tal sediments;
• The Cenozoic basic and felsic volcanics;
• The volcano-sedimentary and volcanoclastic rocks,
associated with the Cenozoic volcanics, including
Early Tertiary, Late Tertiary and Quaternary sedi-
ments.
These rock assemblages represent 23%, 25%, 34% and
18% of the total surface area respectively. The compiled
stratigraphic column including the main units is pre-
sented in Table 1.
2.1. Precambrian rocks and associated intrusions
The Precambrian contains a wide variety of sedi-
mentary, volcanic and intrusive rocks which have been
subjected to varying degrees of metamorphism and de-
formation. It occupies a position of particular interest
lying at the interface between the predominantly gneis-
sic terranes of the Mozambique Belt to the south in
East Africa and the Arabian–Nubian Shield com-
plexes of Sudan, Egypt and Saudi Arabia to the north.
*
Corresponding authors.
E-mail addresses: soloetse@telecom.net.et (S. Tadesse), jp.mil-
esi@brgm.fr (J.-P. Milesi), y.deschamps@brgm.fr (Y. Deschamps).
0899-5362/$ - see front matter 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
doi:10.1016/S0899-5362(03)00048-4
Journal of African Earth Sciences 36 (2003) 273–313
www.elsevier.com/locate/jafrearsci

Poly-deformed and poly-metamorphosed crystalline
rocks forming the basement consist of gneisses (orthog-
neiss and paragneiss), various schists (mainly mica-
ceous, chloritic, sericitic, feldspathic and amphibolitic),
slates, phyllites, marbles, meta-conglomerates, as well as
various generations of intrusions (granites, granodior-
ites, diorites, dikes or lenses of aplites and pegmatites,
gabbros, pyroxenites and peridotites). These rocks are
mainly exposed (Fig. 1) in northern (Tigray), western
(Wollega), southern (Sidamo) and eastern (Harar) parts
of the country. The basement (Fig. 1) in the south and
west of the country where granitic rocks and gneisses
predominate, has been more strongly metamorphosed
than the Precambrian sequences in the north (Kazmin,
1972). The highest metamorphic grade (granulite fa-
cies) has been recorded in gneisses of the southern
and southwestern part of the country (Gichile, 1992).
Though in many cases strongly folded and foliated, the
rocks in the north which include the youngest forma-
tions yet known in the Precambrian, have generally
undergone only very low to low grade metamorphism.
A three-fold lithotectonic sequence has been sug-
gested for the Precambrian basement rocks of Ethiopia
by Kazmin (1975) and Kazmin et al. (1978), consisting
of a Lower, Middle and Upper Complex.
The Lower Complex, which is considered the oldest
sequence, consists mainly of high grade gneisses and
migmatites with subordinate quartz–feldspathic gneisses
and schists.
• Rocks of the Lower Complex are overlain by the
Middle Complex, represented by platform-type
psammitic and pelitic metasediments with subordi-
nate marbles and schists.
• The Middle Complex in turn, is tectonically overlain
by the Upper Complex which includes a thick succes-
sion of low-grade (predominantly greenschist facies)
island-arc and ophiolitic assemblages.
Recent geochronological and isotopic studies suggest
that this Precambrian basement (granite-gneiss, volcano-
sedimentary and ophiolitic suites) is dominantly
Neoproterozoic in age (Ayalew et al., 1990; Gichile,
1992; Teklay et al., 1998; Gerra, 2000), and that the
rocks previously attributed to the Archean or pre-Neo-
proterozoic could be part of pre-Neoproterozoic conti-
nental crustal fragments (e.g. Tulu Dimtu orogenic belt,
Western Ethiopia, Tadesse and Allen, 2002), including
possibly reworked and remobilized components, as in-
dicated by Archean zircon xenocrysts found by Teklay
et al. (1998).
Ophiolitic mafic–ultramafic belts could be inter-
preted, in accordance with the models developed for the
Arabian–Nubian Shield, as Neoproterozoic suture
zones along which different terranes were accreted dur-
ing the Gondwana collision (Shackleton, 1994, 1996;
Stern, 1994; Abdelselam and Stern, 1997; Tadesse and
Allen, 2002).
2.2. Late-Paleozoic and Early-Mesozoic sediments
These were widely deposited in Ethiopia during a
continuous period of subsidence of the land and mi-
gration of the sea from the east in the Ogaden towards
the west and north, and covering the central part and
northern areas of the country. These rocks rest uncon-
formably on the Precambrian metamorphic rocks, filling
channels in the basement rocks.
Today, a large part of these Late-Paleozoic and
Early-Mesozoic marine and continental sediments are
exposed in Eastern Ogaden, in central dissected plateaus
in the Blue Nile river basin and in northern Tigray
around Mekele (Fig. 1).
The Late-Paleozoic to Triassic sediment and tillites,
composed of sandstone, siltstone, shale, minor con-
glomerate and locally tillite (Table 1), have been mapped
in several regions. These sediments comprise the Enticho
sandstones (Tigray), the Edaga Arbi glacial sediments
(Tigray), the Permian Sandstone (SW Ethiopia), the
Gura Sandstone (SE Ethiopia), the Middle Abay Tillite
(Central Ethiopia), the Waju, Calub, Gumburo Sand-
stones and the Bokh Shale (Ogaden, SE Ethiopia)
and Genale basin glacial tillites (Tadesse and Melaku,
1998).
The Mesozoic sediments comprise: (i) the Lower or
Adigrat Sandstone of Triassic age, (ii) Jurassic Lime-
stone of the Antalo Group and (iii) the Cretaceous
Upper Sandstone, which is largely conglomeratic with
mudstone and marl intercalations.
(i) The Adigrat sandstone (Tigray) rests unconform-
ably on the basement. The sandstone, which varies from
a few meters to 800 m in thickness, is typically a yel-
lowish to pink, fine-to medium-grained, non-calcareous,
well sorted, cross-bedded quartz sandstone with inter-
bedded siltstones and minor conglomerates.
(ii) The Antalo Group incorporates the three forma-
tions which make up the marine Mesozoic sequence
within the central plateau. The type section of the
Antalo Group, in the Abay Gorge (in the Blue Nile
basin), totals 880 m (Getaneh, 1991). Antalo Limestone
is typically developed in the Mekele area, where a 750 m
thick sequence consists of fossiliferous yellow limestone
and marl. In chronological order, the formations are:
(a) The Abay beds (Central Ethiopia), Middle Jurassic,
composed of limestones, calcareous sandstones,
shale and gypsum beds (thickness: 580 m).
(b) The Antalo Limestone (localized in different re-
gions), Upper Jurassic (‘‘Oolitic Jurassic’’) consists
of fossiliferous limestones, interbedded marl, calcar-
eous shale and rare arenaceous beds (thickness: up
to 1400 m).
274 S. Tadesse et al. / Journal of African Earth Sciences 36 (2003) 273–313

Table 1
Summary of stratigraphy of Ethiopia
ERA Age (Ma) Complex Main groups/formations/thickness Location Main rock types Main commodities
Cenozoic 0 Rift (or ‘‘Aden’’)
series
Sediments: Omo Group
(1.3–3.1 Ma) (150–750 m)
Main Ethiopian Rift
(MER) Afar
depression
Felsic peralkaline volcanics Geothermy, (Au)
(Fe, Mn)
Middle Miocene to
Quaternary
Basin-ﬁll volcanoclastic sediments
Lacustrine sediments
Minor basaltic volcanism Oil, gas, coal
13–15 Ma Trap (or ‘‘Plateau’’)
series (500–3000 m)
Tarmaber alkaline basalt
formation
Central Ethiopian
Plateau (NW)
Flood basalts (alkaline to tholei-
itic) minor ignimbrite, rhyolite
Potash, salt, trona,
gypsum, limestone
bentonite, diatomite
clay, pumice
Alajae formation
54 Ma Aiba basalt Harrar Plateau (SE) Associated sediments
Ashangi basalt
Paleocene middle-
eocene
E. Ogaden sediments Total: up to 1000 m Eastern Ogaden Marine and continental sediments Sulphur
Mesozoic Late Cretaceous to
paleocene
(# 60–55 Ma?)
Mesozoic Amba Aradom Form (Late
Cretaceous), 150–600 m
Tigray, Central and
E. Eth.
Marine and clastic sediments: Limestone, gypsum,
dolomite silica sand,
common clay
Antalo Group, Agula Shale (Late
Jurassic), 60–250 m
Tigray, N. Ethiopia
Antalo Group, Antalo Limestone
(Upper Jurassic), up to 1400 m
Central Ethiopia
Antalo Group, Abay beds (Middle
Jurassic), 580 m
Adigrat Sandstone (Lower
Sandstone, Triassic), 800 m
Tigray, N. Ethiopia Sandstone, siltstone, conglomerate
shale, calcareous shale, marl clayey
limestone, limestone, oolithic lst.
Oil, gas
Hamanlei Form (Jurassic),
up to 1350 m
S. and SE Ethiopia
Belet Uen Form (Cenom.
Turonian), 90–230 m
Ogaden, SE Ethiopia
Ferfer Form (Albian–
Cenomanian), 100–200 m
Ogaden, SE Ethiopia
Sediments Mustahil Form (Aptian–Albian) Ogaden, SE Ethiopia Dolomite, gypsum and anhydrite
beds
Korahe Form (Neocomian),
100–500 m
Ogaden, SE Ethiopia
Gabredarre Form (Upper
Jurassic), 410–630 m
Ogaden, SE Ethiopia
Late Paleozoic/
Early Mesozoic
Triassic–Jurassic
(200–250 Ma?)
Early Mesozoic Enticho sandstone, about 160 m N. Ethiopia, Tigray Marine and continental sediments: (Pb, Cu) Oil, Gas
Edaga Garbi Glaccials, 150–180 m N. Ethiopia, Tigray
Middle Abay tillite Central Ethiopia Sandstones, siltstones, shale, minor
conglomerate, local tillites
Late Paleozoic Permian sandstone SW Ethiopia
Gura sandstone Bale, SE Ethiopia
Waju and Calub sandstones Ogaden, SE Ethiopia
Sediments Gumburo sandstone and Bokh
Shale
Ogaden, SE Ethiopia
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(c) The Agula shale (Tigray), Upper Jurassic (Kimme-
ridgian) is composed of shale, black shale, marl,
claystone and minor limestone and dolomite (thick-
ness: 60–250 m).
The Upper Sandstone (Cretaceous) consists of sand-
stone, shale, marl, oolithic and dolomitic limestone and
minor gypsum- and/or anhydrite-bearing beds deposited
conformably on the Jurassic rocks in some areas, as in
Western Ethiopia, and which are unconformable in
others, as in the Tigray region.
The thickest and most complete succession of Me-
sozoic rocks is known in eastern and western Ogaden
and in the Hararghe region, including upper Jurassic to
Turonian Gabredarre (oolithic limestone, sandstone,
marl, shale, and minor gypsum-bearing beds; thickness:
400–630 m), Korahe (dolomitic limestone, marl, shale
and minor anhydrite-bearing beds; thickness: 100–500
m), Mustahil (limestone, shale and marl; no data on
thickness), Ferfer (dolomite and clayey limestones;
thickness: 100–200 m), Belet Uen (limestone and
glauconite shale; thickness: 90–230 m) and Amba Ara-
dom (sandstone, shale, siltstone; thickness: 150–600 m)
Formations (Gerra, 2000).
2.3. Cenozoic rocks
2.3.1. Cenozoic sedimentary rocks
Sedimentary and volcano-sedimentary rocks are in-
tercalated in various proportions with several volcanic
episodes occurring from the early Tertiary to the Qua-
ternary.
Cenozoic sedimentary rocks occur in eastern Ogaden,
the Danakil depression, and the lower Omo Valley.
Marine and continental sediments in eastern Ogaden
ranging in age from Palaeocene to Middle Eocene have
a total thickness of up to 1000 m (Getaneh, 1991).
Late tertiary to Quaternary sedimentary rocks as-
sociated with volcanics include clay, silt, sand, gravel,
tuffs, marls and limestone of the Omo Group (150–750
m thick, 1.3–3.1 Ma) and clay, siltsone, sandstone and
conglomerates of the Adar Formation (30–200 m thick,
2.6–3.1 Ma) (Tefera et al., 1996a,b).
2.3.2. Cenozoic volcanic rocks
Tertiary volcanics (‘‘Plateau volcanics’’): The earliest
and most extensive group of volcanic rocks are the
‘‘Trap Series’’, erupted from fissures during early Ter-
tiary (54–13 Ma); (Mohr, 1963; Zanettin, 1993; Tefera
et al., 1996a,b; Hofmann et al., 1997). The Trap Series
consists of piles of flood basalts and minor ignimbrites.
The basalts are transitional from alkaline to tholeiitic in
composition and erupted from fissures. The flows range
in thickness from 500 to 1500 m (Mohr and Zanettin,
1988) to up to 3000 m (Tefera et al., 1996a,b). These
Table
1
(continued)
ERA
Age
(Ma)
Complex
Main
groups/formations/thickness
Location
Main
rock
types
Main
commodities
Early
Paleozoic
Early
Paleozoic
Kenticha
pegmatite
(515
±
10
Ma)
Post-tectonic
intrusives,
pegmatites
Ta
(Li,
Be)
Panafrican
orogen
Neoproterozoic
550–500
Ma?
Basement
Meta-volcano-sedimentary–ultra-
mafic
belts
(Neoproterozoic
suture
zones)
Main
exposures
in
N.
Ethiopia
(Tigray)
W.
Ethiopia
(Wollega)
S.
Ethiopia
(Sidamo)
E.
Ethiopia
(Harrar)
Metamorphic
rocks
and
syn-
to
post-tectonic
intrusives
Low-grade
bimodal
meta-volcano-
sedimentary
island-arc
and
ophio-
litic
suites
(‘‘Upper
Complex’’)
Au,
PGE,
Ni
(Co)
Cu,
Cr
Fe,
Ti,
(Mo,
W)
Ta,
(Nb,
REE,
Li,
Be)
(U,
Th)
Platform-type
psammitic-pelitic
metasediments,
marbles
(‘‘Middle
Complex’’)
880–900
Ma?
Complex
Granite–Gneiss
terranes
Granulite
facies
in
S.
and
SW
Ethiopia
High-grade
polydeformed
and
polymetamorphosed
high-grade
gneiss,
granulites,
migmatites
(‘‘Lower
Complex’’)
Marble,
granite,
limestone,
quartz,
feldspar,
kyanite,
graphite
kaolin,
common
clay
talc,
asbestos
Possible
reworked–remobilized
pre-Neoproterozoic
components
(1.2–0.9
Ga)?
280 S. Tadesse et al. / Journal of African Earth Sciences 36 (2003) 273–313

rocks are overlain by shield volcanoes that consist
mainly of porphyritic amygdaloidal olivine basalt.
2.3.3. The Rift and the associated volcanic rocks
The Ethiopian Rift is the northernmost extension of
the great East African Rift that extends from north-
eastern Ethiopia to Mozambique in southern Africa,
with a length of more than 4000 km. More than one-
quarter of the rift system lies in Ethiopia (Fig. 1). The
central Main Ethiopian Rift (MER) is a large 1 km deep
graben with an average width of about 70–80 km and a
length of 700 km stretching from the Ethiopian–Kenyan
border in the south to the Afar Depression in the north.
The rift dissects the highlands of the country into the
eastern (Harrar) and western (Central Ethiopia) pla-
teaus and is bounded on two sides by a series of large
normal faults. The eastern escarpment of the MER is
characterized by step faults, with significant throws in its
northeastern sector exceeding 1500 m between the top of
the plateau and the rift floor. The western margin is
gradational and less marked thus accounting for the
asymmetry of the MER. Active tectonic movements are
confirmed by numerous faults affecting Holocene rock
units and by the intense recent seismicity of the whole
region (Di Paola, 1972).
The Ethiopian plateaus bordering the rift consist of a
thick succession of flood basalts and lesser amounts of
rhyolites emplaced during Eocene to middle Miocene
(54 to 13–15 Ma) (Woldegabriel et al., 1990). The floor
of the rift is commonly covered by Plio-Quaternary
volcanic products and basin-fill volcanoclastic sedi-
ments. Basaltic volcanic rocks (transitional from alka-
line to tholeiitic in composition) become progressively
younger northwards to Afar, although young basaltic
volcanism of minor volume is also common along the
axial zone of the Ethiopian Rift. The main petrological
feature of the MER is the abundance of felsic peralka-
line volcanics (mainly pantellerites) related both to the
fissural activity and to the several volcanoes rising from
the rift floor. It has been suggested that east–west
structures may be an important factor in controlling the
locations of volcanism along the rift. Thick sediment
accumulations of lacustrine origin cover large areas of
the rift floor.
3. Mineral resources
The Precambrian crystalline basement of Ethiopia is
of particular interest because of the fact that it contains
almost all known mineral commodities of the country
(both metallic and industrial minerals and rocks), no-
tably gold, platinum, rare metals, nickel, copper, iron,
chromium, kaolin, feldspar, clay, asbestos, talc, etc.
Marble, limestone and granite are also common.
Geological mapping and mineral exploration by the
Ethiopian Institute of Geological Survey (EIGS) and
others (EIGS, 1989) show that within this crystalline
basement the most promising areas for gold and base
metal deposits are particularly linked to the low-grade
metamorphic volcano-sedimentary belts belonging to
the 900–500 Ma Arabian–Nubian Shield terranes.
Most of the Precambrian volcano-sedimentary
sequences (possible greenstone belts) and associated
intrusions have been subjected to several orogenic
episodes since their formation, in particular during the
Panafrican orogeny, responsible for the formation of the
Arabian–Nubian terranes. This process, combined with
the rifting associated with the development of the Red
Sea and the East African–Ethiopian Rift Valley, has
resulted in considerable fracturing and shattering. Ma-
jor water resources are associated with these fracture
zones.
The Mesozoic sediments are important for their as-
sociated industrial minerals and building materials in-
cluding limestones, sand, sandstones, gypsum and clays.
Favourable conditions for oil and gas are also present.
Early Tertiary formations show potential possibilities
for lignite, opal, oil shale, lateritic iron ore. Bentonites,
industrial clay minerals, perlite and pumice are com-
mon.
Tertiary and Younger sediments host sulphur, diato-
mite, bentonite, potash, common salt, perlite. Favour-
able conditions for oil and gas are also present.
Rift volcanics and sediments are important for geo-
thermal energy, soda ash, epithermal gold, diatomite,
bentonite, salt, sulphur, pumice etc.
Table 2 presents a summary of ore deposit types
(metallic and industrial minerals, construction and
building materials) known to date in Ethiopia. Charac-
teristics of main ore deposits (Class A: very large de-
posit; Class B: large deposit; Class C: medium deposit)
are summarized Table 3. Small deposits (Class D),
occurrences (Class E) and deposits without available
economic data (Class N/A) are presented Table 4.
Locations are presented in Fig. 2 (metallic mineral de-
posits) and Fig. 3 (non-metallic mineral deposits).
3.1. Metallic mineral deposits
Major metallic ore deposits of Ethiopia consist of
precious metals (Au, Pt), rare metals (Ta) and to a lesser
extent Ni and Fe; some deposits are currently mined for
Au and Ta (e.g. Lega Dembi, Kenticha) or are at an
advanced stage of investigation (e.g. Bikilal project, Fe);
to date, base metals (Zn, Pb, Cu) and alloy metals (Cr,
Mo, Mn) are only known as occurrences or non-eco-
nomic small-size deposits.
Metallic resources are mostly genetically linked to the
tectono-thermal evolution of the various low-grade
metamorphic volcano-sedimentary belts belonging to
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Table 2
Ore deposit types of Ethiopia
Commodities Ore deposit types Main deposits (A, B, C)
(see Table 3)
Minor deposits (see Table 4)
Metallic ores
Au, Ag (±Cu, Zn,
Pb, As, Sb, Bi)
Brittle–ductile shear-zone related ‘‘mesothermal’’ gold deposits Lega Dembi, Megado, Sakaro
Main
Ogo, Dul, Haramsam, Hasamte, Oda-Godere, Adi Zeresenay
Au, Ag Alluvial–eluvial placers Adola Belt, Bore Bedakessa, Lege Dima, Demi Denissa, Akobo, Sirkole
Au, Ag (As, BM) Volcanogenic, volcano-sedimentary and sedimentary-exhalative
ore deposits
Abetselo, Kata, Azale-Akendeyu
Au, Ag (As) Epithermal high- or low-sulphidation ore deposits Gedemsa, Corbetti, Tendaho
Be, Li Zoned granitic pegmatites Bissidimo valley (Mo-Be), Gubda valley (Be), Kenticha (Ta, Be, Li)
Cu Red Bed hosted copper deposits Chercher, Galetti valley
Cu Ore deposits related to basic–ultrabasic magmatic rocks
Cu Brittle–ductile shear-zone related ‘‘mesothermal’’ gold deposits
(greenschist facies)
Adi Dairo-Indallilo 1 (Au–Cu), Ashashire (Au–Cu–Pb–Zn), Bomo
(Au–Cu), Digati (Au–Cu–Pb)
Cu Fault-related ore deposits in a magmatic context Enticho (Cu), Fawly
Cu Volcanogenic, volcano-sedimentary and sedimentary-exhalative
ore deposits
Abetselo, Kata, Azale-Akendeyu, Galeti
Cu Carbonate-hosted base-metal deposits, or Red Bed hosted lead
deposits?
Soka (Pb–Cu), Ijabuna (Pb–Cu)
Fe, Ti (P) Ore deposits hosted by basic intrusions Bikilal Melka Arba
Fe Banded iron formations (BIF ‘‘Superior Fe’’) Beliga 2, Chago, Gordana, Koree
Fe (Mn) Laterite-related and gossan-related deposits Melka Sedi, Gammalucho, Garo Adua, Entichio; Adi Berbere, Chilachikin, Dimma, Gato (Mai Guda)
Mn Sedimentary manganese deposits Enkafela
Mn Laterite and gossan-related ore deposits Adi Berbere, Melka Sedi
Mo Granitoid controlled ore deposits Fakusho
Mo Zoned granitic pegmatites Bissidimo valley, Chiltu
Ni, Co (Cr) Ore deposits related to basic–ultrabasic magmatic rocks and
laterite-related ore deposits
Adola Belt: Tulla, Ula Ulo, Kilta Big Dubicha, Monissa, Burjiji, Lolotu
Pb Carbonate-hosted base-metal deposits, or Red Bed hosted lead
deposits?
Affratu, Gara Ua, Mariam Adi Desta, Soka
Pb, Zn, BM Volcanogenic, volcano-sedimentary and sedimentary-exhalative
ore deposits
Abetselo, Kata, Azale-Akendeyu
Pb, Zn, BM Brittle–ductile shear-zone related ‘‘mesothermal’’ gold deposits Chamuk, Haramsam (+Au), Ashashire (Au–Cu–Pb–Zn)
Pt, Pltd (Au) Ore deposits related to basic–ultrabasic magmatic rocks, and
residually enriched ore deposits
Yubdo Tulu Dimtu
Pt, Pltd (Au) Alluvial–eluvial placers Soddu, Yubdo, Tulu Dimtu
Ta,Nb, Ce Zoned granitic pegmatites Kenticha (Ta) Meleka (Ta–Nb), Kilkile, Agere Maryam (Ta)
Tiilm, TiRt, Zr Alluvial–eluvial placers Aflata (TiRt, Tiilm, Zr); Bedessa Tega, Sacco River, Zembala Woha
U, Th Pegmatites Harar (U–Th)
W Granitoid controlled ore deposits Kata (+Mo)
W Brittle–ductile shear-zone related ‘‘mesothermal’’ gold deposits
Digati (+Au–Pb–Zn–Cu–Ni–As), East Sakaro (+Au–As–Ag),
Korkoro (+Au–Pb–Ag), Mestefinfin (Azenge) (+Au–Cu)
Energy
GTH Geothermal energy (geothermal system) Aluto Langano, Tendaho Corbetti, Gedemsa, Lake Abaya
Coal Lignite deposits Nejo, Uchale, Mush valley (Debre Brehan), Ankober, Chancho,
Debra Libanos, Chelga, Delbi, Moye
Petr, gas Oil and gas deposits Calub Ogaden, Red Sea 1
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Rocks and Industrial minerals
Abr Industrial rocks and minerals related to plutonic rocks and to
metamorphic rocks
Carrara (garnet, mica)
Asb, Tlc, Vrm Asbestos, talc or magnesite deposits hosted by basic and
ultrabasic rocks
Agheremariam, Gara Jabbe (Asb, Vrm), Marwa, Moglal, Zariga;
Anno (Tlc)
Bnt Volcanic-hosted industrial rock and mineral deposits Gewane, Ledi, Gidicho Island
ClyC Supergene and sediment-related industrial rock and mineral
deposits
Yubo (Arussi), Mekele, Melka
Jebdu, Bebeka
Dire Dawa, Bole, Chelga, Zega Wodel
Dol Sediment-related industrial rocks and minerals; Slate, marble
and ornamental-stone deposits
Galetti, Hula-Kuni
Dtm Volcanic-hosted industrial rock and mineral deposits Lakes region district Abiyata
Feld Industrial rocks and minerals related to plutonic rocks,
pegmatites
Kenticha, Babile-Bombasa
GemS Volcanic-hosted industrial rock and mineral deposits Yita Axum, Adwa
Gp Evaporite-related industrial rocks and minerals Sodoble Hagere Selam, Mugher, Adigudom
Gr Industrial rocks and minerals related to metamorphic rocks;
Supergene industrial rock and mineral deposits
Moyale Adadikoto, Bissidimo valley, Ramis valley
Gran Industrial rocks and minerals related to plutonic rocks Hamaressa
Kln Supergene industrial rock and mineral deposits Bombowha, Kombelcha
Kya Industrial rocks and minerals related to metamorphic rocks Chembi
LstC, LstL Sediment-related industrial rocks and minerals Mugher, Mekele, Wukiro Dire Dawa, Gefersa, Kella, Jemma-Wonchit, Shinile
Mica Industrial rocks and minerals related to plutonic rocks Carrara, Cheha, Marechi, Shebelli, Tuluhora
Mrbl Slate, marble and ornamental-stone deposits Daleti, Mora, Baruda Bulen, Negash, Guba, Hakim-Gara
Natr Lacustrine deposits (sebkha, salar, alkaline lake) Lake Abiyata, Lake Shala,
Lake Chiltu
Nitr Salts and gypsum deposits; Lacustrine deposits (sebkha, salar,
alkaline lake)
Derro, Felege Brehan
Olv Volcanic-hosted industrial rock and mineral deposits Mega
Phos Ore deposits hosted by basic intrusions Bikilal, Melka Arba
Phos Phosphorites (or sedimentary phosphates) Ogaden Basin
Pozz Volcanic-hosted industrial rock and mineral deposits Garibaldi pass (Nazreth)
Ptsh Salts and gypsum deposits Salt Valley, Dallol
Py Brittle–ductile shear-zone related ‘‘mesothermal’’ gold deposits
Abetselo
Qtz, Qtzopt Zoned granitic pegmatites Kenticha area Abdul Kadir
S High-sulphidation solfatara Chebret Ale Dofan, Daneb
Salt Salts and gypsum deposits, lacustrine deposits Lake Abiyata, Adami Tulu area,
Adigrat, Assale, Gebro
Silc Sediment-related industrial rocks and minerals; supergene
deposits
Dire Dawa, Mugher, Koﬀe-
Mute, Gimbicho
Kecha, Adigrat, Kebre Mengist, Haghere Hiwot
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Table 3
Major mineral deposits of Ethiopia (A, B and C class)
No. Deposit name Commodity 1 Class Tonnage range Other comm. Longitude Latitude Status Ore deposit types (Gitology) Map symbol
Metallic ores
1 Adola belt
(District)
Au B 50–250 t Au Ni, Cr, Pt 38.96 5.81 Producing district Brittle–ductile shear-zone
related ‘‘mesothermal’’ gold
deposit, alluvial–eluvial
placer
Au, Ag
2 Adola Valley
placers
Au C 10–50 t Au 39.00 5.89 Producing district Alluvial–eluvial placer Au, Ag
3 Bore Au C 10–50 t Au 38.78 5.56 Producing deposit Alluvial–eluvial placer Au, Ag
4 Laga Adunia Au C 10–50 t Au 38.77 5.73 Producing deposit Alluvial–eluvial placer Au, Ag
5 Laga Emyo Au C 10–50 t Au 35.72 9.50 Producing deposit Alluvial–eluvial placer Au, Ag
6 Lega Dembi Au B 50–250 t Au 38.86 5.69 Producing deposit Brittle–ductile shear-zone
deposit, alluvial–eluvial
placer
Au, Ag
7 Megado–small
Gagama
Au C 10–50 t Au Ag 38.01 5.52 Prospect Brittle–ductile shear-zone
deposit
Au, Ag
8 Mormora Au C 10–50 t Au 38.67 5.75 Producing deposit Alluvial–eluvial placer Au, Ag
9 Sakaro Main Au C 10–50 t Au 39.17 5.68 Producing deposit Brittle–ductile shear-zone
deposit
Au, Ag
10 Smaller Au C 10–50 t Au 38.71 5.54 Deposit of unknown
status
Alluvial–eluvial placer Au, Ag
11 Yubdo Au C 10–50 t Au Pt, Ag, Cr, Ni,
Fe
35.42 8.94 Producing small-scale
mine
Ore deposit related to basic–
ultrabasic magmatic rocks;
laterite-related ore deposit;
alluvial–eluvial placer
Au, Ag
11 Yubdo Ag C 500–2500 t Ag Pt, Au, Cr, Ni,
Fe
mine
Au, Ag
12 Bikilal (Fe) Fe C 10–100 Mt Fe Phos 35.88 9.30 Deposit under
development
ultrabasic magmatic rocks
Fe, Mn, Ti, V, Zr
13 Gammalucho Fe C 10–100 Mt Fe 37.21 7.59 Prospect Laterite-related ore deposit Fe, Mn, Ti, V, Zr
14 Garo Fe C 10–100 Mt Fe 37.19 7.51 Prospect Laterite-related ore deposit Fe, Mn, Ti, V, Zr
15 Melka Sedi Fe C 10–100 Mt Fe Mn 37.39 7.50 Prospect Laterite-related ore deposit Fe, Mn, Ti, V, Zr
16 Assale (Mn) Mn C 1–10 Mt Mn Fe 40.06 14.38 Prospect Unspecified ore deposit type Fe, Mn, Ti, V, Zr
17 Beliga 1 (Mn) Mn C 1–10 Mt Mn Fe 39.99 14.39 Prospect Unspecified ore deposit type Fe, Mn, Ti, V, Zr
18 Beliga 2 (Mussley) Mn C 1–10 Mt Mn Fe 39.95 14.42 Prospect Gossan-type manganese
deposit
Fe, Mn, Ti, V, Zr
19 Handeda Mn C 1–10 Mt Mn Fe 39.97 14.40 Prospect Unspecified ore deposit type Fe, Mn, Ti, V, Zr
1 Adola Belt
(District)
Ni B 0.2–2 Mt Ni Au 38.96 5.81 Dormant district Ore deposit related to basic–
laterite-related ore deposit
Ni, Co, Cr
20 Aragessa Ni C 0.02–0.2 Mt Ni Co 39.00 5.31 Prospect Ore deposit related to basic–
Ni, Co, Cr
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21 Chabessa Ni C 0.02–0.2 Mt Ni Co, Cr 39.04 5.74 Prospect Ore deposit related to basic–
Ni, Co, Cr
22 Dubicha Gudda Ni C 0.02–0.2 Mt Ni Co 39.03 5.68 Prospect Ore deposit related to basic–
Ni, Co, Cr
23 Kenticha (Ni, Cr,
Co)
Ni C 0.02–0.2 Mt Ni Co, Cr 39.03 5.49 Prospect Ore deposit related to basic–
Ni, Co, Cr
24 Ketta (Ni) Ni C 0.02–0.2 Mt Ni Co, Cr 38.97 5.38 Prospect Ore deposit related to basic–
Ni, Co, Cr
25 Kilta Ni C 0.02–0.2 Mt Ni Co, Cr 38.91 5.49 Prospect Ore deposit related to basic–
Ni, Co, Cr
26 Monissa Ni C 0.02–0.2 Mt Ni Co 38.97 5.85 Prospect Ore deposit related to basic–
Ni, Co, Cr
27 Tulla (Ni) Ni C 0.02–0.2 Mt Ni Co 38.90 5.44 Prospect Ore deposit related to basic–
Ni, Co, Cr
28 Tullon Chebi Ni C 0.02–0.2 Mt Ni 38.99 5.23 Prospect Ore deposit related to basic–
Ni, Co, Cr
29 Ujima (Ni, Cr,
Co)
Ni C 0.02–0.2 Mt Ni Co, Cr 39.00 5.72 Prospect Ore deposit related to basic–
Ni, Co, Cr
30 Ula-Ulo Ni C 0.02–0.2 Mt Ni Co 38.91 5.51 Prospect Ore deposit related to basic–
Ni, Co, Cr
11 Yubdo Pt C 10–50 t Pt Au, Ag, Cr,
Ni, Fe
mine
Pltd, Pt
31 Kenticha (Ta) Ta B 500–2500
t Ta2O5
39.02 5.47 Producing deposit Zoned granitic pegmatites Ta, Nb, Be, Ce, Li
Energy
32 Aluto Langano GTH C 10–100 KW h 38.80 7.80 Deposit under
development
Geothermal system GTH
33 Tendaho GTH C 10–100 KW h Au 40.85 11.48 Deposit under
development
Geothermal system GTH
34 Calub Gas C 50–250 km3
Gas
44.56 6.24 Deposit under
development
Gas deposit Gas, Oil shale,
Petr
Rocks and industrial minerals
35 Gewane-Mille Bnt A 5 Mt Bnt 41.06 10.97 Deposit under
development
Volcanic-hosted industrial
rock and mineral deposit
Kln, Bnt, ClyC,
Feld
36 Gidicho Island Bnt A 5 Mt Bnt 38.11 6.70 Prospect Volcanic-hosted industrial
Kln, Bnt, ClyC,
Feld
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Table 3 (continued)
No. Deposit name Commodity 1 Class Tonnage range Other comm. Longitude Latitude Status Ore deposit types (Gitology) Map symbol
37 Ledi Bnt A 5 Mt Bnt 39.83 10.83 Prospect Volcanic-hosted industrial
Kln, Bnt, ClyC,
Feld
38 Bebeka ClyC B 2–10 Mt ClyC 35.40 6.90 Producing deposit Supergene industrial rock and
mineral deposit
Kln, Bnt, ClyC,
Feld
39 Dire Dawa (ClyC) ClyC B 2–10 Mt ClyC LstC, Silc 41.82 9.51 Producing deposit Sediment-related industrial
rocks and minerals deposit
Kln, Bnt, ClyC,
Feld
40 Mekele ClyC A 10 Mt ClyC LstC 39.49 13.54 Producing deposit Sediment-related industrial
Kln, Bnt, ClyC,
Feld
41 Melka Jebdu ClyC B 2–10 Mt ClyC 41.77 9.58 Prospect Unspeciﬁed ore deposit type Kln, Bnt, ClyC,
Feld
42 Yubo (Arussi) ClyC A 10 Mt ClyC 38.43 9.13 Prospect Supergene industrial rock and
mineral deposit
Kln, Bnt, ClyC,
Feld
43 Lakes Region dis-
trict (Dtm)
Dtm A 10 Mt Dtm 38.79 8.08 Dormant district Volcanic-hosted industrial
Dtm
44 Yita GemS B 5–10 t GemS 39.67 9.99 Producing deposit Volcanic-hosted industrial
GemS
45 Sodoble Gp B 50–500 Mt Gp 38.40 9.53 Prospect Salts and gypsum deposit Gp
46 Moyale Gr C 0.1–1 Mt Gr 39.07 3.60 Prospect Industrial rocks and minerals
deposit related to metamor-
phic rocks
Gr
47 Hamaressa Gran C 5–20 Mt Gran 42.07 9.35 Prospect Industrial rocks and minerals
deposit related to plutonic
rocks
LstC, LstL, Mrbl,
Gran
48 Chembi Kya A 5 Mt Kya 38.93 6.11 Prospect Industrial rocks and minerals
deposit related to metamor-
phic rocks
Kya
39 Dire Dawa (LstC) LstC C 10–50 Mt LstC ClyC, Silc 41.82 9.51 Producing deposit Sediment-related industrial
LstC, LstL, Mrbl,
Gran
49 Gefersa (Kersa) LstC C 10–50 Mt LstC 38.40 9.48 Prospect Sediment-related industrial
LstC, LstL, Mrbl,
Gran
40 Mekele LstC B 50–250 Mt
LstC
ClyC 39.49 13.54 Producing deposit Sediment-related industrial
LstC, LstL, Mrbl,
Gran
50 Mugher (LstC) LstC B 50–250 Mt
LstC
Gp 38.57 9.48 Producing deposit Sediment-related industrial
LstC, LstL, Mrbl,
Gran
51 Wukiro LstC B 50–250 Mt
LstC
39.56 13.74 Producing deposit Sediment-related industrial
LstC, LstL, Mrbl,
Gran
52 Kella LstL C 2–10 Mt LstL 38.38 8.12 Deposit or prospect
of unknown status
Sediment-related industrial
LstC, LstL, Mrbl,
Gran
53 Baruda (Mrbl) Mrbl B 10–50 Mt Mrbl 35.92 10.57 Producing deposit Slate, marble and
ornamental-stone deposit
LstC, LstL, Mrbl,
Gran
54 Daleti Mrbl A 50 Mt Mrbl 35.23 10.02 Producing deposit Slate, marble and
LstC, LstL, Mrbl,
Gran
55 Mora Mrbl B 10–50 Mt Mrbl 36.03 10.53 Producing deposit Slate, marble and
LstC, LstL, Mrbl,
Gran
56 Lake Abiyata,
Lake Shala, Lake
Chiltu
Natr A 100 Mt Natr Salt 38.50 7.66 Deposit under devel-
opment
Lacustrine deposit (sebkha,
salar, alkaline lake)
Natr, Nitr
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57 Lake Shala Natr B 10–100 Mt
Natr
Salt 38.45 7.50 Prospect Lacustrine deposit (sebkha,
Natr, Nitr
58 Dallol (Ptsh) Ptsh C 5–50 Mt K2O 40.12 14.40 Prospect Salts and gypsum deposit Ptsh
59 Salt Valley Ptsh A 500 Mt K2O Salt 40.26 14.33 Producing province Salts and gypsum deposit Ptsh
60 Kenticha area Qtz C 0.1–1 Mt Qtz Feld 39.00 5.45 Prospect Industrial rocks and minerals
deposit related to plutonic
rocks
Qtz
61 Chebret Ale S B 2–20 Mt S 40.30 14.20 Prospect High-sulphidation solfatara S
62 Adami Tulu area Salt C 5–50 Mt NaCl 38.67 7.81 Dormant deposit Lacustrine deposit (sebkha,
Salt
63 Adigrat (Salt) Salt C 5–50 Mt NaCl 39.52 14.32 Prospect Salts and gypsum deposit Salt
64 Assale (Salt) Salt C 5–50 Mt NaCl 40.17 14.39 Prospect Salts and gypsum deposit Salt
65 Gebro Salt C 5–50 Mt NaCl 37.19 7.51 Prospect Salts and gypsum deposit Salt
66 Lake Abiyata Salt B 50–500 Mt
NaCl
38.58 7.62 Producing deposit Lacustrine deposit (sebkha,
Salt
56 Lake Abiyata,
Lake Shala,
Lake Chiltu
Salt C 5–50 Mt NaCl Natr 38.50 7.66 Deposits under
development
Salt
67 Lake Afdera Salt C 5–50 Mt NaCl 40.90 13.30 Deposit under
development
Salt
57 Lake Shala Salt C 5–50 Mt NaCl Natr 38.45 7.50 Prospect Lacustrine deposit (sebkha,
Salt
58 Lake Ziway
(north of)
Salt C 5–50 Mt NaCl 38.79 8.08 Dormant deposit Lacustrine deposit (sebkha,
Salt
68 Dire Dawa (Silc) Silc B 2.5–10 Mt Silc ClyC, LstC 41.56 9.20 Producing deposit Sediment-related industrial
Silc
69 Kecha Silc C 0.5–2.5 Mt Silc 38.63 9.41 Prospect Sediment-related industrial
Silc
70 Koﬀe-Mute,
Gimbicho
Silc B 2.5–10 Mt Silc 38.60 9.47 Prospect Sediment-related industrial
Silc
71 Mugher (Silc) Silc B 2.5–10 Mt Silc 38.20 9.60 Deposit under
development
Sediment-related industrial
Silc
Class A: very large deposit; B: large deposit; C: medium deposit. Commodities: see signiﬁcance of abbreviations Figs. 2 and 3.
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Table 4
Minor mineral deposits of Ethiopia
No. Deposit name ID Commodity Class Longitude Latitude Ore deposit types (Gitology)
Metallic ores
72 Megado–small Gagama ETH-00534 Ag N/A 38.01 5.52 Brittle–ductile shear-zone related ‘‘mesothermal’’
gold deposits (greenschist facies)
73 Aba Wedo ETH-00866 Au N/A 35.52 9.17 Alluvial–eluvial placers
74 Ababa ETH-00828 Au E 38.83 6.11 Syn- to late-orogenic, fault-related ore deposits
75 Abadida (Tayissa) ETH-00662 Au E 38.88 5.71 Alluvial–eluvial placers
76 Abbay (Western Affluent) ETH-00867 Au N/A 35.22 10.42 Alluvial–eluvial placers
77 Abbay River Basin, 155 ETH-00868 Au N/A 35.51 9.51 Unspecified ore deposit type
78 Abbay River Basin, 178 ETH-00869 Au N/A 35.52 9.36 Alluvial–eluvial placers
79 Abbay River Basin, 183 ETH-00870 Au N/A 35.66 9.37 Unspecified ore deposit type
80 Abbay River Basin, 302-303-304 ETH-00872 Au N/A 35.53 9.12 Alluvial–eluvial placers
81 Abbay River Basin, 309 ETH-00873 Au N/A 35.46 9.08 Alluvial–eluvial placers
82 Abbay River Basin, 310-315-316 ETH-00874 Au N/A 35.49 9.06 Alluvial–eluvial placers
83 Abbay River Basin, 312-317 ETH-00875 Au N/A 35.56 9.06 Alluvial–eluvial placers
84 Abbay River Basin, 318-319-320-323-324 ETH-00878 Au N/A 35.49 9.02 Unspecified ore deposit type
85 Abbay River Basin, 321-322 ETH-00879 Au N/A 35.56 9.02 Alluvial–eluvial placers
86 Abbay River Basin, Metti (Lower, 1) ETH-00880 Au N/A 35.03 10.19 Alluvial–eluvial placers
87 Abbay River Basin, Metti (Lower, 2) ETH-00881 Au N/A 35.11 10.17 Alluvial–eluvial placers
88 Abbicha ETH-00205 Au E 35.06 8.44 Alluvial–eluvial placers
89 Abeba ETH-00207 Au N/A 38.96 6.08 Alluvial–eluvial placers
90 Abebech ETH-00849 Au E 38.80 5.63 Alluvial–eluvial placers
91 Abubutar (Upper) ETH-00883 Au N/A 35.39 10.70 Alluvial–eluvial placers
92 Abumare (River), 023 ETH-00884 Au N/A 34.74 10.67 Brittle–ductile shear-zone related ‘‘mesothermal’’
93 Accucu ETH-00210 Au E 35.07 8.54 Alluvial–eluvial placers
94 Adi Zeresenay ETH-00222 Au N/A 38.22 14.48 Brittle–ductile shear-zone related ‘‘mesothermal’’
gold deposits (greenschist facies), residually
enriched ore deposits
95 Adi Agar ETH-00215 Au N/A 37.97 14.47 Brittle–ductile shear-zone related ‘‘mesothermal’’
96 Adi Dairo-Indallilo 2 ETH-00219 Au N/A 38.12 14.50 Brittle–ductile shear-zone related ‘‘mesothermal’’
97 Adi Hoza, Chemit ETH-00220 Au N/A 38.05 13.91 Alluvial–eluvial placers
98 Aebin ETH-00888 Au N/A 35.96 11.67 Alluvial–eluvial placers
99 Afa (Dabus basin) ETH-00229 Au D 38.71 5.54 Alluvial–eluvial placers
100 Aflata-Dawa ETH-00233 Au N/A 38.82 5.23 Brittle–ductile shear-zone related ‘‘mesothermal’’
101 Aflata placer (Au) ETH-00231 Au N/A 38.69 5.24 Alluvial–eluvial placers
102 Afudare (Lower) ETH-00889 Au N/A 34.62 10.88 Alluvial–eluvial placers
103 Afudare (Middle), 012 ETH-00890 Au N/A 34.57 10.76 Alluvial–eluvial placers
104 Afudare (Middle), Gazan (Lower) ETH-00891 Au E 34.60 10.82 Alluvial–eluvial placers
105 Afudare (Upper), 018 ETH-00892 Au N/A 34.51 10.66 Alluvial–eluvial placers
106 Afudare (Upper), Ondonok ETH-00893 Au E 34.94 10.24 Alluvial–eluvial placers
107 Agar Kote ETH-00894 Au N/A 35.48 9.51 Alluvial–eluvial placers
108 Agusa ETH-00236 Au N/A 34.41 10.00 Brittle–ductile shear-zone related ‘‘mesothermal’’
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109 Alaltu ETH-00241 Au D 35.33 9.51 Alluvial–eluvial placers
110 Alanga ETH-00242 Au N/A 35.09 6.80 Alluvial–eluvial placers
111 Alfe (Birbir) basin ETH-00244 Au E 35.44 8.99 Alluvial–eluvial placers
112 Ankori ETH-00202 Au N/A 34.13 9.16 Syn- to late-orogenic, fault-related ore deposits,
alluvial–eluvial placers
113 Arangama ETH-00897 Au N/A 35.33 10.30 Alluvial–eluvial placers
114 Asgede ETH-00250 Au N/A 38.13 14.07 Brittle–ductile shear-zone related ‘‘mesothermal’’
115 Awata Terrace ETH-00254 Au E 38.82 5.96 Alluvial–eluvial placers
116 Azewo ETH-00256 Au N/A 38.03 14.63 Brittle–ductile shear-zone related ‘‘mesothermal’’
117 Babicho ETH-00841 Au E 38.83 6.07 Alluvial–eluvial placers
118 Badamu ETH-00259 Au N/A 35.60 8.92 Alluvial–eluvial placers
119 Balas ETH-00261 Au N/A 35.62 11.02 Alluvial–eluvial placers
120 Banga ETH-00262 Au E 34.36 9.69 Alluvial–eluvial placers
121 Baro ETH-00263 Au N/A 33.98 8.25 Alluvial–eluvial placers
122 Bascia ETH-00904 Au N/A 34.75 10.05 Brittle–ductile shear-zone related ‘‘mesothermal’’
123 Bedakessa ETH-00267 Au E 38.89 5.81 Alluvial–eluvial placers
124 Belawete ETH-00269 Au N/A 34.41 10.56 Brittle–ductile shear-zone related ‘‘mesothermal’’
125 Beles (Lower) ETH-00906 Au N/A 35.25 10.94 Alluvial–eluvial placers
126 Beles (Southern Affluent) ETH-00907 Au N/A 35.40 11.09 Alluvial–eluvial placers
127 Beletimboko ETH-00910 Au N/A 35.12 10.57 Alluvial–eluvial placers
128 Belfude (Lower, Upper); Sirkole (Area) ETH-00911 Au N/A 34.77 10.59 Syn- to late-orogenic, fault-related ore deposits,
129 Bila, Chokorsa area ETH-00915 Au N/A 35.60 9.36 Unspecified ore deposit type
130 Birbirsa 1 ETH-00281 Au N/A 34.95 8.51 Brittle–ductile shear-zone related ‘‘mesothermal’’
131 Boka, 125 ETH-00920 Au N/A 35.23 9.94 Syn- to late-orogenic, fault-related ore deposits
132 Bomu; Shogel (Shangul); Shogel (Upper,
affluent)
ETH-00921 Au N/A 34.75 10.43 Alluvial–eluvial placers
133 Bomu Menghi ETH-00289 Au E 34.39 10.49 Syn- to late-orogenic, fault-related ore deposits
134 Buba ETH-00291 Au N/A 35.46 8.87 Brittle–ductile shear-zone related ‘‘mesothermal’’
135 Bula (Lower) ETH-00922 Au N/A 35.50 11.17 Alluvial–eluvial placers
136 Bula (Upper) ETH-00923 Au N/A 35.58 11.30 Alluvial–eluvial placers
137 Buri (Au) ETH-00297 Au E 38.84 5.48 Alluvial–eluvial placers
138 Burikaro ETH-00298 Au N/A 38.84 5.13 Alluvial–eluvial placers
139 Burku ETH-00300 Au N/A 38.73 5.48 Brittle–ductile shear-zone related ‘‘mesothermal’’
140 Bursano-Wachu Dima ETH-00301 Au N/A 38.77 5.40 Brittle–ductile shear-zone related ‘‘mesothermal’’
141 Cario ETH-00305 Au E 35.06 8.32 Alluvial–eluvial placers
142 Chammo (Akobo basin) ETH-00310 Au E 35.04 6.48 Alluvial–eluvial placers
143 Chamo ETH-00829 Au N/A 35.06 6.46 Syn- to late-orogenic, fault-related ore deposits
144 Cheketa ETH-00314 Au N/A 38.85 5.67 Brittle–ductile shear-zone related ‘‘mesothermal’’
145 Chemiti ETH-00847 Au E 38.91 5.69 Alluvial–eluvial placers
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Table 4 (continued)
146 Chokorsa (Mulemi, Ebcha) ETH-00928 Au N/A 35.56 9.29 Alluvial–eluvial placers
147 Choricho-Kape-Kelaltu ETH-00322 Au N/A 38.32 5.62 Brittle–ductile shear-zone related ‘‘mesothermal’’
148 Chunde, Cheri ETH-00929 Au N/A 36.23 10.36 Alluvial–eluvial placers
149 Comto ETH-00324 Au N/A 35.63 9.14 Alluvial–eluvial placers
150 Dabus ETH-00931 Au N/A 34.95 10.11 Alluvial–eluvial placers
151 Dabus (Eastern Affluent) ETH-00932 Au N/A 35.04 10.45 Alluvial–eluvial placers
152 Dabus (River) ETH-00933 Au N/A 35.03 10.28 Alluvial–eluvial placers
153 Dabus (Upper), Dilla (Lower) ETH-00934 Au N/A 34.98 9.34 Alluvial–eluvial placers
154 Dabus (W. Affluent) ETH-00935 Au N/A 35.05 10.54 Alluvial–eluvial placers
155 Dale (Affluent) ETH-00938 Au N/A 35.02 10.10 Alluvial–eluvial placers
156 Dale (Middle) ETH-00939 Au N/A 35.06 10.03 Alluvial–eluvial placers
157 Dama (Lower Mormora basin) ETH-00333 Au E 38.47 6.40 Alluvial–eluvial placers
158 Dawa Cursu ETH-00335 Au N/A 38.91 5.36 Alluvial–eluvial placers
159 Degero (Dabus Basin) ETH-00343 Au E 35.55 9.61 Alluvial–eluvial placers
160 Degero (Upper) ETH-01055 Au N/A 38.01 11.83 Alluvial–eluvial placers
161 Deka Djila ETH-00844 Au E 38.86 5.88 Alluvial–eluvial placers
162 Demi Rufa ETH-00347 Au E 38.80 5.53 Alluvial–eluvial placers
163 Dila, 190 ETH-00947 Au N/A 35.24 9.28 Alluvial–eluvial placers
164 Dila, 193 ETH-00948 Au N/A 35.31 9.24 Alluvial–eluvial placers
165 Dilla (Upper) ETH-00951 Au N/A 35.39 9.38 Alluvial–eluvial placers
166 Dimma (Au) ETH-00354 Au N/A 35.86 9.52 Alluvial–eluvial placers
167 Dul ETH-00362 Au D 34.40 10.49 Brittle–ductile shear-zone related ‘‘mesothermal’’
168 Dura (Lower) ETH-00952 Au N/A 35.47 10.15 Alluvial–eluvial placers
169 Dura Aebin ETH-00953 Au N/A 36.38 10.83 Alluvial–eluvial placers
170 Duri (Lower) ETH-00954 Au N/A 34.62 10.69 Alluvial–eluvial placers
171 Duri (Middle) ETH-00955 Au N/A 34.60 10.65 Alluvial–eluvial placers
172 Ebilcha (Bekuji-Motish) ETH-00956 Au N/A 35.94 10.30 Syn- to late-orogenic, fault-related ore deposits
173 Ebircha-Okote ETH-00367 Au N/A 38.78 5.08 Brittle–ductile shear-zone related ‘‘mesothermal’’
174 Egambo ETH-00833 Au N/A 35.94 10.60 Syn- to late-orogenic, fault-related ore deposits
175 Ejoba (North) ETH-00957 Au N/A 35.56 10.46 Alluvial–eluvial placers
176 Embukneya ETH-00958 Au N/A 35.43 10.10 Syn- to late-orogenic, fault-related ore deposits
177 Faduka (Area) ETH-00959 Au N/A 34.51 10.56 Syn- to late-orogenic, fault-related ore deposits
178 Fare (Lower, Upper); Belesa;
Gebo (Middle); Oda
179 Fasio (Mount) ETH-00962 Au N/A 35.40 10.12 Syn- to late-orogenic, fault-related ore deposits
180 Gagama ETH-00387 Au E 38.80 5.56 Alluvial–eluvial placers
181 Gambela Mountain ETH-00392 Au N/A 34.41 10.66 Alluvial–eluvial placers
182 Gasena ETH-00398 Au N/A 34.99 7.05 Alluvial–eluvial placers
183 Gassana (Akobo placers) ETH-00399 Au N/A 35.19 6.43 Alluvial–eluvial placers
184 Gawissa ETH-00401 Au E 37.17 7.41 Alluvial–eluvial placers
185 Gayo-Bedakessa ETH-00402 Au N/A 38.84 5.80 Brittle–ductile shear-zone related ‘‘mesothermal’’
186 Gazan (Lower P) ETH-00963 Au N/A 34.62 10.77 Alluvial–eluvial placers
187 Gazan (Middle, Upper) ETH-00964 Au N/A 34.55 10.64 Syn- to late-orogenic, fault-related ore deposits
188 Gebo (Middle) 062 ETH-00965 Au N/A 35.08 10.30 Alluvial–eluvial placers
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189 Gengen (NW), Corcalita ETH-00967 Au N/A 34.80 10.64 Alluvial–eluvial placers
190 Ghidano 1 ETH-00407 Au N/A 35.32 9.15 Brittle–ductile shear-zone related ‘‘mesothermal’’
191 Ghidano 2 ETH-00408 Au N/A 35.21 6.32 Alluvial–eluvial placers
192 Gide (Upper) ETH-00969 Au N/A 34.67 10.58 Alluvial–eluvial placers
193 Godare ETH-00412 Au E 35.17 7.43 Alluvial–eluvial placers
194 Goma (ETH) ETH-00414 Au N/A 35.69 8.85 Alluvial–eluvial placers
195 Gomi (Affluent), Gomi (Lower) ETH-00970 Au N/A 35.44 9.13 Alluvial–eluvial placers
196 Gomi (Head Waters), Roro, Guliso
(North)
197 Gonza ETH-00416 Au E 34.49 9.67 Alluvial–eluvial placers
198 Gora ETH-00417 Au E 38.87 5.74 Alluvial–eluvial placers
199 Gordoma (Au) ETH-00418 Au N/A 35.54 8.96 Alluvial–eluvial placers
200 Guba ETH-00972 Au N/A 35.26 11.29 Alluvial–eluvial placers
201 Gudubsa ETH-00425 Au N/A 38.32 5.56 Brittle–ductile shear-zone related ‘‘mesothermal’’
202 Gunfi (North) ETH-00976 Au N/A 34.97 10.04 Unspecified ore deposit type
203 Gurafarda ETH-00427 Au N/A 35.16 6.72 Alluvial–eluvial placers
204 Hafa (Lower) ETH-00979 Au N/A 34.82 9.98 Alluvial–eluvial placers
205 Hafa (Middle, Upper) ETH-00980 Au N/A 34.70 9.96 Syn- to late-orogenic, fault-related ore deposits
206 Haramsam (Moyale property) ETH-00434 Au E 39.21 3.60 Brittle–ductile shear-zone related ‘‘mesothermal’’
207 Haro Obiti ETH-00435 Au E 38.79 5.61 Alluvial–eluvial placers
208 Haru Abiti ETH-00850 Au E 38.79 5.61 Alluvial–eluvial placers
209 Harudida ETH-00842 Au E 38.83 6.13 Alluvial–eluvial placers
210 Hasamte (Moyale property) ETH-00437 Au N/A 39.21 3.60 Brittle–ductile shear-zone related ‘‘mesothermal’’
211 Hauzien ETH-00438 Au N/A 39.31 14.05 Alluvial–eluvial placers
212 Haya Dima ETH-00439 Au N/A 38.81 5.53 Alluvial–eluvial placers
213 Hiddi Dimma ETH-00440 Au N/A 38.80 5.66 Alluvial–eluvial placers
214 Hoha (Upper) ETH-00981 Au N/A 34.54 10.11 Alluvial–eluvial placers
215 Horfa, Kersa, Huda ETH-00982 Au N/A 35.78 9.37 Alluvial–eluvial placers
216 Idaka ETH-00983 Au N/A 35.29 10.46 Alluvial–eluvial placers
217 Jejeba (Lower) ETH-00984 Au N/A 35.75 9.85 Alluvial–eluvial placers
218 Jibota ETH-00450 Au E 38.70 5.83 Alluvial–eluvial placers
219 Jilo ETH-00451 Au N/A 34.05 7.68 Alluvial–eluvial placers
220 Kandibab (Akobo basin) ETH-00840 Au N/A 35.03 6.43 Alluvial–eluvial placers
221 Kankure, Kujur, Bedesa ETH-00986 Au E 35.41 9.58 Alluvial–eluvial placers
222 Kapo ETH-00845 Au E 38.85 5.81 Alluvial–eluvial placers
223 Kari (Akobo basin) ETH-00458 Au E 35.01 6.47 Alluvial–eluvial placers
224 Karsa (Au) ETH-00460 Au N/A 35.50 8.83 Alluvial–eluvial placers
225 Kelecha ETH-00468 Au E 38.84 5.90 Alluvial–eluvial placers
226 Keley South ETH-00990 Au N/A 35.59 9.10 Alluvial–eluvial placers
227 Kenticha (Au) ETH-00795 Au N/A 39.04 5.55 Syn- to late-orogenic, fault-related ore deposits
228 Keri, Degero Valley, Degero-Keri Junc-
tion
ETH-00991 Au E 35.55 9.62 Alluvial–eluvial placers
229 Kesela ETH-00994 Au N/A 35.20 9.83 Alluvial–eluvial placers
230 Kibish ETH-00475 Au N/A 35.49 5.71 Alluvial–eluvial placers
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Table 4 (continued)
231 Kilaj ETH-00831 Au N/A 36.36 10.62 Brittle–ductile shear-zone related ‘‘mesothermal’’
232 Kobara ETH-00480 Au N/A 35.65 9.24 Brittle–ductile shear-zone related ‘‘mesothermal’’
233 Korka-Metti ETH-00997 Au N/A 35.66 9.81 Syn- to late-orogenic, fault-related ore deposits
234 Kumudu ETH-00485 Au N/A 38.90 5.70 Syn- to late-orogenic, fault-related ore deposits,
235 Kurmuk ETH-00490 Au N/A 34.43 10.56 Brittle–ductile shear-zone related ‘‘mesothermal’’
236 Kuten ETH-00491 Au N/A 35.68 10.70 Alluvial–eluvial placers
237 Laga Bagudu ETH-00854 Au E 36.25 8.85 Syn- to late-orogenic, fault-related ore deposits
238 Laga Gheshe ETH-00494 Au N/A 38.73 5.75 Alluvial–eluvial placers
239 Lalokelle ETH-00504 Au N/A 35.42 8.89 Alluvial–eluvial placers
240 Large Gegema ETH-00507 Au E 38.80 5.56 Alluvial–eluvial placers
241 Lega Baguda ETH-00510 Au N/A 35.51 8.97 Alluvial–eluvial placers
242 Lega Dima 1 ETH-00514 Au N/A 38.86 5.76 Brittle–ductile shear-zone related ‘‘mesothermal’’
243 Lega Dima 2 ETH-00515 Au E 38.80 5.76 Alluvial–eluvial placers
244 Lega Geshe 2 ETH-00516 Au E 38.69 5.83 Alluvial–eluvial placers
245 Lega Geshe 1 ETH-00517 Au N/A 38.80 5.70 Brittle–ductile shear-zone related ‘‘mesothermal’’
246 Lega Gora ETH-00518 Au N/A 38.85 5.77 Brittle–ductile shear-zone related ‘‘mesothermal’’
247 Lower Bore ETH-00521 Au D 38.85 5.53 Alluvial–eluvial placers
248 Lower Burjiji (Burjiji basin) ETH-00522 Au E 38.83 5.16 Alluvial–eluvial placers
249 Makuzen, Mezeken Creek ETH-00999 Au N/A 34.77 10.71 Brittle–ductile shear-zone related ‘‘mesothermal’’
250 Maleka-Ababa ETH-00525 Au N/A 38.85 5.93 Brittle–ductile shear-zone related ‘‘mesothermal’’
251 Manghie area ETH-00200 Au N/A 37.30 12.22 Alluvial–eluvial placers
252 Mekanissa ETH-00843 Au E 38.82 6.09 Alluvial–eluvial placers
253 Melka ETH-00537 Au N/A 38.84 6.03 Alluvial–eluvial placers
254 Menge (Upper, Middle) ETH-01003 Au N/A 34.75 10.37 Alluvial–eluvial placers
255 Mereto (Area) ETH-00194 Au N/A 39.33 14.12 Syn- to late-orogenic, fault-related ore deposits
256 Metti ETH-00544 Au N/A 35.47 8.85 Unspeciﬁed ore deposit type
257 Mountain Fasio ETH-00552 Au N/A 35.40 10.12 Brittle–ductile shear-zone related ‘‘mesothermal’’
258 Neger, Niger (Lower) ETH-01013 Au N/A 35.79 10.08 Syn- to late-orogenic, fault-related ore deposits
259 Niraque ETH-00835 Au N/A 39.00 13.07 Syn- to late-orogenic, fault-related ore deposits
260 North Mi-Essa ETH-00827 Au N/A 38.80 5.30 Syn- to late-orogenic, fault-related ore deposits
261 Okote ETH-00572 Au N/A 38.77 5.10 Brittle–ductile shear-zone related ‘‘mesothermal’’
262 Rubacile (Hafa) ETH-01018 Au N/A 34.55 10.02 Alluvial–eluvial placers
263 Sai ETH-00579 Au N/A 35.92 9.46 Brittle–ductile shear-zone related ‘‘mesothermal’’
264 Sai (Middle) ETH-01019 Au N/A 35.70 9.51 Alluvial–eluvial placers
265 Sai (Upper) ETH-01020 Au N/A 35.62 9.56 Alluvial–eluvial placers
266 Sawana ETH-00585 Au E 38.78 5.78 Alluvial–eluvial placers
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267 Selga (Suei) ETH-01022 Au N/A 34.81 10.01 Alluvial–eluvial placers
268 Serdo ETH-00590 Au D 38.01 5.63 Brittle–ductile shear-zone related ‘‘mesothermal’’
269 Serdoshet ETH-00848 Au E 38.85 5.63 Alluvial–eluvial placers
270 Shanka ETH-00592 Au D 38.91 5.79 Alluvial–eluvial placers
271 Shar (Lower) ETH-01023 Au N/A 35.39 10.83 Alluvial–eluvial placers
272 Shar (River Heads) ETH-01025 Au N/A 35.62 10.67 Alluvial–eluvial placers
273 Shirgelo ETH-00596 Au N/A 34.44 9.88 Brittle–ductile shear-zone related ‘‘mesothermal’’
274 Shogul ETH-00597 Au N/A 34.88 10.60 Alluvial–eluvial placers
275 Shungu ETH-01027 Au N/A 34.55 10.72 Syn- to late-orogenic, fault-related ore deposits
276 Sirba (Upper) ETH-01029 Au N/A 35.32 9.98 Alluvial–eluvial placers
277 Sirkole (Head Waters), Dunga ETH-01030 Au N/A 34.52 10.23 Alluvial–eluvial placers
278 Sirkole (Lower); Tumet-Sirkole Junction;
Tumet
279 Sirkole (Sirkole-Gonza basin) ETH-00598 Au D 34.73 10.52 Alluvial–eluvial placers
280 Small Gegema ETH-00600 Au E 38.01 5.52 Alluvial–eluvial placers
281 Suken ETH-01034 Au N/A 36.16 10.28 Alluvial–eluvial placers
282 Tekeze River ETH-00607 Au N/A 37.46 14.14 Alluvial–eluvial placers
283 Terakemti ETH-00834 Au N/A 38.21 14.32 Syn- to late-orogenic, fault-related ore deposits
284 Tesfa ETH-00609 Au E 38.80 5.63 Alluvial–eluvial placers
285 Tselfa and Uluk ETH-00613 Au N/A 34.44 9.77 Brittle–ductile shear-zone related ‘‘mesothermal’’
286 Tsoli, Gebo (Upper) ETH-01039 Au N/A 35.09 10.25 Syn- to late-orogenic, fault-related ore deposits
287 Tukur Wuha ETH-00846 Au E 38.81 5.77 Alluvial–eluvial placers
288 Tulla (Au) ETH-00614 Au E 38.71 5.54 Syn- to late-orogenic, fault-related ore deposits
289 Tulu Ghinghi ETH-00620 Au N/A 35.17 9.33 Brittle–ductile shear-zone related ‘‘mesothermal’’
290 Tumet (Lower), 045 ETH-01043 Au N/A 34.81 10.54 Alluvial–eluvial placers
291 Tumet (Upper), 058 ETH-01044 Au N/A 34.88 10.34 Alluvial–eluvial placers
292 Tumet (Upper), 065 ETH-01045 Au N/A 34.75 10.26 Alluvial–eluvial placers
293 Tumet, Hoha, Demba ETH-01046 Au N/A 34.79 10.09 Alluvial–eluvial placers
294 Ua ETH-00627 Au N/A 35.85 9.22 Brittle–ductile shear-zone related ‘‘mesothermal’’
295 Ueri ETH-00629 Au N/A 38.76 13.77 Brittle–ductile shear-zone related ‘‘mesothermal’’
296 Ujima (Au) ETH-00631 Au N/A 38.81 5.09 Alluvial–eluvial placers
297 Upper Bore ETH-00633 Au D 38.80 5.57 Alluvial–eluvial placers
298 Upper Gora ETH-00635 Au E 38.86 5.74 Alluvial–eluvial placers
299 Ursa ETH-00638 Au E 35.68 9.02 Brittle–ductile shear-zone related ‘‘mesothermal’’
300 Wabera ETH-00639 Au N/A 35.35 8.88 Alluvial–eluvial placers
301 Wanza ETH-00641 Au N/A 38.83 5.68 Brittle–ductile shear-zone related ‘‘mesothermal’’
302 Wollebo ETH-00643 Au E 38.87 5.82 Alluvial–eluvial placers
303 Wollena ETH-00644 Au E 38.89 5.68 Brittle–ductile shear-zone related ‘‘mesothermal’’
304 Wombera ETH-00646 Au N/A 35.76 10.63 Alluvial–eluvial placers
305 Wowu ETH-01051 Au N/A 35.25 10.06 Alluvial–eluvial placers
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Table 4 (continued)
306 Yavon ETH-00650 Au E 35.60 9.05 Brittle–ductile shear-zone related ‘‘mesothermal’’
307 Zager, Hargets ETH-00657 Au N/A 38.31 14.54 Syn- to late-orogenic, fault-related ore deposits,
308 East Sakaro ETH-00365 Au, Ag, As,
W
N/A 38.88 5.69 Brittle–ductile shear-zone related ‘‘mesothermal’’
309 Ogo ETH-00571 Au, Ag, Bi,
Pb, Sb
310 Tulu Kapi (Birbir basin) ETH-00623 Au, Ag, Cu E 35.65 9.06 Brittle–ductile shear-zone related ‘‘mesothermal’’
gold deposits (greenschist facies), alluvial–eluvial
placers
311 Digati ETH-00351 Au, Ag, Cu,
Ni, Pb, Zn,
W
312 Moyale property (Chamuk, Haramsam,
Hasamte)
ETH-00554 Au, Ag, Zn,
Pb
D 39.07 3.57 Brittle–ductile shear-zone related ‘‘mesothermal’’
313 Abumare (West, East) ETH-00885 Au, As, Co,
Cu, Ni, W
N/A 34.75 10.68 Syn- to late-orogenic, fault-related ore deposits
314 Nejo (Au) ETH-00566 Au, Be N/A 35.61 9.47 Pegmatites
315 Tulu Kami-Nejo ETH-00622 Au, Be N/A 35.50 9.70 Syn- to late-orogenic, fault-related ore deposits,
316 Abergele ETH-00193 Au, BM N/A 38.95 13.10 Unspecified ore deposit type
317 Asosa ETH-00184 Au, BM E 35.05 10.40 Syn- to late-orogenic, fault-related ore deposits,
318 Mefalso, Adi Hag ETH-00531 Au, BM N/A 38.11 14.70 Alluvial–eluvial placers
319 Oda-Godere ETH-00569 Au, BM E 35.11 10.26 Syn- to late-orogenic, fault-related ore deposits
320 Sassamte, Hara ETH-00584 Au, BM N/A 39.14 3.59 Alluvial–eluvial placers
321 Werri River ETH-00642 Au, BM N/A 39.16 13.91 Alluvial–eluvial placers
322 Agheremariam (Au) ETH-00235 Au, Cu N/A 38.25 5.55 Alluvial–eluvial placers
323 Akobo (Au) ETH-00238 Au, Cu D 35.22 6.46 Syn- to late-orogenic, fault-related ore deposits,
324 Bomo ETH-00288 Au, Cu N/A 34.47 10.44 Brittle–ductile shear-zone related ‘‘mesothermal’’
325 Katta-1 ETH-00988 Au, Cu N/A 35.55 9.49 Brittle–ductile shear-zone related ‘‘mesothermal’’
326 Samre (Au) ETH-00582 Au, Cu N/A 39.23 13.09 Syn- to late-orogenic, fault-related ore deposits
327 Beshir ETH-00275 Au, Cu, Co,
Mo, Zn
328 Chamola ETH-00311 Au, Cu, Pb N/A 36.80 5.68 Brittle–ductile shear-zone related ‘‘mesothermal’’
329 Ashashire ETH-00251 Au, Cu, Pb,
Zn
330 Mestefinfin (Azenge) ETH-00542 Au, Cu, W N/A 34.48 10.60 Brittle–ductile shear-zone related ‘‘mesothermal’’
331 Ebicha ETH-00366 Au, Ni, Cr,
Co, Cu
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332 Korkoro ETH-00483 Au, Pb, Ag,
W
E 38.88 5.71 Brittle–ductile shear-zone related ‘‘mesothermal’’
gold deposits (greenschist facies), alluvial–eluvial
placers
333 Dermi Dama ETH-00348 Au, Pb, Zn N/A 39.00 5.28 Brittle–ductile shear-zone related ‘‘mesothermal’’
334 Dila Affluent ETH-00946 Au, Pltd N/A 35.41 9.23 Alluvial–eluvial placers
335 Kersa ETH-00993 Au, Pt N/A 35.45 9.39 Alluvial–eluvial placers
336 Kiltu (Upper) ETH-00995 Au, Pt N/A 35.69 9.57 Alluvial–eluvial placers
337 Demi Denissa ETH-00346 Au, Zn, Cu E 38.80 5.53 Syn- to late-orogenic, fault-related ore deposits,
338 Kajimiti 1 ETH-00454 Au, Zn, Cu N/A 38.76 5.59 Brittle–ductile shear-zone related ‘‘mesothermal’’
339 Kajimiti 2 ETH-00455 Au, Zn, Cu D 38.81 5.49 Syn- to late-orogenic, fault-related ore deposits
340 Gudba Valley ETH-00424 Be N/A 38.89 5.68 Zoned granitic pegmatites
341 Enticho (BM) ETH-00373 BM N/A 39.15 14.48 Unspecified ore deposit type
342 Tulu Golel ETH-00621 Co N/A 35.67 9.43 Unspecified ore deposit type
343 Wolloba-TÕAllo ETH-00645 Cr N/A 38.88 5.73 Podiform chromite deposits
344 Budussa ETH-00292 Cr, Ni, Co N/A 38.92 5.26 Residually enriched ore deposits
345 Adalegedi ETH-00212 Cu N/A 39.99 14.43 Unspecified ore deposit type
346 Akobo (Cu) ETH-00239 Cu N/A 35.22 5.99 Unspecified ore deposit type
347 Bada Ramoda ETH-00258 Cu N/A 40.10 14.42 Unspecified ore deposit type
348 Dawa Valley ETH-00336 Cu N/A 38.82 5.42 Ore deposits related to basic–ultrabasic magmatic
rocks
349 Enticho (Cu) ETH-00374 Cu N/A 38.96 14.24 Cu skarns
350 ETH-X-35 ETH-00378 Cu N/A 39.64 13.97 Unspecified ore deposit type
351 Fawly (Cu) ETH-00380 Cu N/A 39.76 14.35 Cu skarns
352 Ganale Valley ETH-00394 Cu N/A 39.11 5.85 Ore deposits related to basic–ultrabasic magmatic
rocks
353 Himali ETH-00441 Cu N/A 40.09 14.43 Unspecified ore deposit type
354 Jaja Valley (Cu) ETH-00448 Cu N/A 41.17 9.20 Unspecified ore deposit type
355 Malca Homa ETH-00524 Cu N/A 38.76 5.32 Unspecified ore deposit type
356 Tsaliet River ETH-00611 Cu N/A 38.94 13.81 Unspecified ore deposit type
357 Tsehabe Emba ETH-00779 Cu D 38.21 14.20 Unspecified ore deposit type
358 Tsoli (SW) ETH-01036 Cu N/A 35.05 10.23 Syn- to late-orogenic, fault-related ore deposits
359 Tsoli (West), 069, 076 ETH-01037 Cu N/A 35.06 10.28 Syn- to late-orogenic, fault-related ore deposits
360 Adi Dairo-Indallilo 1 ETH-00218 Cu, Au N/A 37.95 14.05 Syn- to late-orogenic, fault-related ore deposits,
361 Chercher ETH-00825 Cu, Co N/A 41.08 8.85 Red Bed hosted copper deposits
362 Galetti Valley (Cu, Ni, Co) ETH-00390 Cu, Ni, Co D 40.92 9.07 Red Bed hosted copper deposits
363 Kunni Valley (Cu, Ni, Co) ETH-00487 Cu, Ni, Co D 40.84 9.06 Red Bed hosted copper deposits
364 Azale Akendayu ETH-00255 Cu, Pb, Zn,
Au
N/A 34.37 10.42 Alluvial–eluvial placers
365 Aragab Mesha ETH-00247 Cu, Zn N/A 38.29 14.41 Unspecified ore deposit type
366 Tsehafi Senai ETH-00612 Cu, Zn N/A 38.47 13.73 Ore deposits related to basic–ultrabasic magmatic
rocks
367 Aragab ETH-00865 Cu, Zn, Au N/A 38.42 14.40 Deposits of volcanogenic massive and disseminated
Cu–Au sulphides
368 Rama ETH-00864 Cu, Zn, Au N/A 38.84 14.40 Deposits of volcanogenic massive and disseminated
Cu–Au sulphides
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Table 4 (continued)
369 Katta, Tulu Chuche, Adare ETH-00987 Cu, Zn, Fe,
Au, Ag
E 35.56 9.49 Gossan-related deposits, volcanogenic, volcano-
sedimentary and sedimentary-exhalative ore de-
posits
370 Abbay River Basin, 314 ETH-00877 Fe N/A 35.46 9.05 Unspecified ore deposit type
371 Adua (Fe) ETH-00227 Fe N/A 38.79 14.14 Gossan-related deposits
372 Aira ETH-00237 Fe N/A 35.36 9.07 Unspecified ore deposit type
373 Ayra (Area) ETH-00902 Fe N/A 35.42 9.11 Laterite-related ore deposits
374 Bila ETH-00914 Fe N/A 35.63 9.37 Banded iron formations (BIF ‘‘Superior Fe’’)
375 Bissidimo (Fe) ETH-00282 Fe N/A 42.19 9.19 Unspecified ore deposit type
376 Chago ETH-00308 Fe E 35.47 9.13 Sedimentary Fe and Mn deposits
377 Chilachikin ETH-00319 Fe N/A 38.41 13.87 Gossan-related deposits
378 Dimma (Fe) ETH-00355 Fe N/A 35.58 8.95 Gossan-related deposits
379 Entichio (Fe) ETH-00372 Fe N/A 39.12 14.23 Gossan-related deposits
380 Entoto ETH-00375 Fe N/A 38.77 8.97 Unspecified ore deposit type
381 Galetti Valley (Fe) ETH-00391 Fe N/A 41.14 9.01 Unspecified ore deposit type
382 Gambo ETH-00393 Fe N/A 35.51 9.50 Gossan-related deposits
383 Gato (Mai Guda) ETH-00400 Fe E 37.17 7.41 Laterite-related ore deposits
384 Ghimira basin ETH-00409 Fe N/A 36.01 7.02 Unspecified ore deposit type
385 Gordana ETH-00837 Fe E 35.42 9.10 Sedimentary Fe and Mn deposits
386 Gordoma (Fe) ETH-00419 Fe E 35.54 8.77 Unspecified ore deposit type
387 Gube ETH-00423 Fe N/A 37.27 7.59 Unspecified ore deposit type
388 Kenticha (Fe) ETH-00469 Fe N/A 39.18 5.19 Ore deposits related to basic–ultrabasic magmatic
rocks
389 Koree ETH-00838 Fe E 35.42 8.84 Sedimentary Fe and Mn deposits
390 Kunni ETH-00486 Fe N/A 40.94 8.94 Unspecified ore deposit type
391 Kurkure ETH-00489 Fe N/A 37.28 7.38 Unspecified ore deposit type
392 Like ETH-00519 Fe N/A 37.29 7.49 Unspecified ore deposit type
393 Shakisso ETH-00591 Fe N/A 38.63 5.22 Ore deposits related to basic–ultrabasic magmatic
rocks
394 Sirba (Korkandi) ETH-01028 Fe N/A 35.36 10.09 Atypical or unspecified ore deposits associated with
acid and alkaline plutonic rocks
395 Soka (Fe) ETH-00603 Fe N/A 41.48 9.14 Unspecified ore deposit type
396 Tsoli, 072 ETH-01038 Fe N/A 35.06 10.28 Atypical or unspecified ore deposits associated with
397 Ujau ETH-00630 Fe N/A 41.42 9.25 Unspecified ore deposit type
398 Wellega ETH-00038 Fe D 35.31 8.71 Banded iron formations (BIF ‘‘Superior Fe’’)
399 Wondeya ETH-01050 Fe N/A 35.41 10.20 Atypical or unspecified ore deposits associated with
400 Worakalu ETH-00647 Fe N/A 35.53 9.07 Gossan-related deposits
401 Yubdo North ETH-00853 Fe E 35.40 8.90 Banded iron formations (BIF ‘‘Superior Fe’’)
402 Wankey (Area), Wabera-Kiltu ETH-01048 Fe, Cu N/A 35.27 9.84 Volcanogenic, volcano-sedimentary and sedimen-
tary-exhalative ore deposits
403 Melka Arba ETH-00538 Fe, Ti, Phos D 39.61 6.26 Ore deposits hosted by basic intrusions
404 Adi Chigono ETH-00217 Mn N/A 38.82 14.43 Unspecified ore deposit type
405 Enkafala ETH-00826 Mn E 40.14 14.13 Sedimentary manganese deposits
406 Adi Berbere ETH-00216 Mn, Fe N/A 38.55 14.36 Gossan-related deposits
407 Agere Maryam (Mo) ETH-00793 Mo N/A 38.11 5.57 Zoned granitic pegmatites
408 Fakusho ETH-00960 Mo N/A 35.09 10.09 Granitoid controlled ore deposits
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409 Tulu-Nasi (SW) ETH-01042 Mo N/A 35.59 9.70 Pegmatites
410 Ube (Wube) ETH-01047 Mo N/A 34.69 10.59 Syn- to late-orogenic, fault-related ore deposits
411 Chiltu ETH-00320 Mo, Au N/A 35.50 9.58 Zoned granitic pegmatites
412 Bissidimo Valley (Mo) ETH-00284 Mo, Be N/A 42.04 9.55 Zoned granitic pegmatites
413 Meleka (Nb-Ta) ETH-00839 Nb, Ta N/A 38.81 6.03 Zoned granitic pegmatites
414 Harar ETH-00036 Nb, Th, U N/A 42.01 9.35 Pegmatites
415 Agere Maryam (Ni) ETH-00791 Ni N/A 38.10 5.44 Ore deposits related to basic–ultrabasic magmatic
rocks
416 Big Dubicha ETH-00278 Ni N/A 39.03 5.90 Ore deposits related to basic–ultrabasic magmatic
rocks
417 Katawicha ETH-00464 Ni N/A 38.98 5.29 Ore deposits related to basic–ultrabasic magmatic
rocks
418 Small Dubicha ETH-00599 Ni N/A 39.05 5.87 Ore deposits related to basic–ultrabasic magmatic
rocks
419 Burjiji (Ujima) ETH-00299 Ni, Co N/A 38.84 5.25 Ore deposits related to basic–ultrabasic magmatic
rocks, residually enriched ore deposits
420 Fulanto ETH-00385 Ni, Co N/A 39.00 6.00 Ore deposits related to basic–ultrabasic magmatic
rocks
421 Lolotu ETH-00520 Ni, Co E 39.05 5.62 Ore deposits related to basic–ultrabasic magmatic
rocks
422 Dubicha Mika ETH-00361 Ni, Co, Cr D 39.02 5.62 Ore deposits related to basic–ultrabasic magmatic
rocks
423 Small Tulu Dimtu ETH-01032 Ni, Co, Cr,
Cu
N/A 35.70 9.37 Laterite-related ore deposits
424 Tulu Dimtu ETH-01041 Ni, Co, Cr,
Pt
N/A 35.75 9.46 Laterite-related ore deposits
425 Samre (Ni) ETH-00583 Ni, Co, Cu E 39.11 13.08 Ore deposits related to basic–ultrabasic magmatic
rocks
426 Nazila ETH-01012 Ni, Cr N/A 34.53 10.63 Ore deposits related to basic–ultrabasic magmatic
rocks
427 Affratu ETH-00230 Pb N/A 41.73 9.82 Carbonate-hosted base-metal deposits
428 Gara Ua ETH-00396 Pb N/A 41.87 9.87 Carbonate-hosted base-metal deposits
429 Ijabuna ETH-00446 Pb, Cu N/A 41.48 9.56 Carbonate-hosted base-metal deposits
430 Soka (Pb, Cu) ETH-00605 Pb, Cu N/A 41.33 9.26 Carbonate-hosted base-metal deposits
431 Soddu ETH-00601 Pltd, Au D 35.49 9.08 Laterite-related ore deposits, alluvial–eluvial
placers
432 Abbay River Basin, 313 ETH-00876 Pt N/A 35.59 9.07 Unspecified ore deposit type
433 Dila, 196 ETH-00949 Pt N/A 35.35 9.19 Alluvial–eluvial placers
434 Agere Maryam (Ta) ETH-00792 Ta N/A 38.06 5.55 Zoned granitic pegmatites
435 Kilkile ETH-00477 Ta N/A 39.06 5.50 Zoned granitic pegmatites
436 Gule (Small) ETH-00975 Ta, Nb N/A 34.53 10.54 Unspecified ore deposits related to volcanic systems
and shallow intrusions
437 Bedessa Tega ETH-00268 Ti N/A 38.99 5.79 Alluvial–eluvial placers
438 Zembaba Woha ETH-00661 Ti N/A 39.28 5.83 Alluvial–eluvial placers
439 Gambela-Dembidollo ETH-00851 Ti, Fe N/A 34.80 8.53 Ore deposits in layered ring complexes (Ural and
Alaskan sub-types)
440 Gimbi-Dalati area ETH-00852 Ti, Fe, V,
Phos
E 35.05 8.85 Anorthosite-hosted ilmenite and hematite–ilmenite
deposits
441 Sacco River ETH-00578 Ti, V, W N/A 34.57 8.35 Alluvial–eluvial placers
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Table 4 (continued)
442 Aflata (Tillm) ETH-00232 Tiilm, TiRt,
Zr
N/A 38.59 5.47 Alluvial–eluvial placers
443 Aghere Mariam (TiRt) ETH-00023 TiRt N/A 38.64 5.15 Unspecified ore deposit type
444 Bicheru ETH-00277 W N/A 34.33 8.29 Unspecified ore deposit type
445 Tulu Boli ETH-01040 Zn, Fe N/A 35.59 9.51 Unspecified volcano-sedimentary and sedimentary-
exhalative deposits
446 Mariam Adi Desta ETH-00528 Zn, Pb N/A 39.49 13.98 Carbonate-hosted base-metal deposits
447 Abetselo ETH-00882 Zn, Pb, Cu,
Au
N/A 34.64 10.74 Syn- to late-orogenic, fault-related ore deposits
Rocks and industrial minerals, energy
448 Adua (Amt) ETH-01062 Amt N/A 38.90 14.17 Unspecified ore deposit type
449 Axum ETH-01061 Amt N/A 38.72 14.13 Unspecified ore deposit type
450 Enda Gamers ETH-00371 Asb N/A 39.56 14.23 Asbestos, talc or magnesite deposits hosted by
basic and ultrabasic rocks
451 Fawly (Asb) ETH-00379 Asb N/A 41.01 13.83 Asbestos, talc or magnesite deposits hosted by
452 Haddessa Mulug-Bitatta ETH-00430 Asb N/A 39.56 5.23 Asbestos, talc or magnesite deposits hosted by
453 Marwa ETH-00529 Asb N/A 40.68 14.08 Asbestos, talc or magnesite deposits hosted by
454 Moglal ETH-00545 Asb N/A 39.92 14.00 Asbestos, talc or magnesite deposits hosted by
455 Subaha ETH-00606 Asb N/A 39.69 14.36 Asbestos, talc or magnesite deposits hosted by
456 Yubdo (Asb) ETH-00653 Asb N/A 35.66 8.86 Asbestos, talc or magnesite deposits hosted by
457 Zariga (Asb) ETH-00658 Asb N/A 40.35 14.30 Asbestos, talc or magnesite deposits hosted by
458 Adare (South) ETH-00886 Brt N/A 35.57 9.49 Volcanogenic, volcano-sedimentary and
sedimentary-exhalative ore deposits
459 Belesa, 075 ETH-00908 Brt N/A 35.14 10.27 Syn- to late-orogenic, fault-related ore deposits
460 Addis Ababa 1 ETH-00213 ClyC N/A 38.75 9.02 Supergene industrial rock and mineral deposits
461 Bole ETH-00287 ClyC N/A 38.61 9.30 Supergene industrial rock and mineral deposits
462 Debre Zeit, Akaki and Kaliti ETH-00341 ClyC N/A 38.95 8.72 Supergene industrial rock and mineral deposits
463 Decano ETH-00342 ClyC N/A 36.69 7.17 Supergene industrial rock and mineral deposits
464 Dilla (ClyC) ETH-00950 ClyC N/A 35.55 9.45 Sediment-related industrial rocks and minerals
465 Gute Seddo (ClyC) ETH-00428 ClyC N/A 35.20 8.87 Supergene industrial rock and mineral deposits
466 Kotcha ETH-00998 ClyC N/A 38.37 9.50 Residually enriched ore deposits
467 Maji ETH-00523 ClyC N/A 35.10 6.54 Supergene industrial rock and mineral deposits
468 Mojo (ClyC) ETH-00546 ClyC N/A 39.08 8.67 Supergene industrial rock and mineral deposits
469 Sebeta ETH-00587 ClyC N/A 38.66 8.83 Supergene industrial rock and mineral deposits
470 Sodero ETH-00602 ClyC N/A 39.59 8.10 Supergene industrial rock and mineral deposits
471 Sululta ETH-01035 ClyC N/A 38.76 9.23 Supergene industrial rock and mineral deposits
472 Zega Wodel (ClyC) ETH-00659 ClyC N/A 38.21 9.88 Supergene industrial rock and mineral deposits
473 Kebre Mengist (ClyC) ETH-00466 ClyC, Silc,
Mica, Gr
N/A 38.88 5.75 Supergene industrial rock and mineral deposits
474 Chelga (ClyR) ETH-00315 ClyR N/A 37.72 12.30 Supergene industrial rock and mineral deposits
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475 Koka ETH-00481 ClyR N/A 38.55 8.51 Supergene industrial rock and mineral deposits
476 Ankober ETH-00246 Coal N/A 39.67 9.59 Lignite deposits
477 Arjo (Huris) ETH-00898 Coal N/A 36.47 8.93 Lignite deposits
478 Arjo (Kolati) ETH-00899 Coal N/A 36.60 8.88 Lignite deposits
479 Arjo (Sembo-Nebo, Aleltu) ETH-00900 Coal N/A 36.47 8.89 Lignite deposits
480 Chancho ETH-00312 Coal N/A 35.35 9.72 Lignite deposits
481 Chelga (Coal) ETH-00316 Coal D 37.10 12.52 Lignite deposits
482 Chida (ETH) ETH-00318 Coal N/A 37.83 7.20 Lignite deposits
483 Debre Birhan (Abo-Gedam) ETH-00941 Coal N/A 39.51 9.68 Lignite deposits
484 Debre Libanos, Coal (Gur.R, Gongit R.) ETH-00943 Coal N/A 38.82 9.73 Lignite deposits
485 Delbi ETH-00345 Coal D 36.87 7.37 Lignite deposits
486 Dessie ETH-00350 Coal N/A 39.62 11.50 Lignite deposits
487 Fega Madelo ETH-00381 Coal N/A 38.76 9.81 Lignite deposits
488 Gonfo ETH-00415 Coal N/A 39.50 11.32 Lignite deposits
489 Hunda-Blesama ETH-00445 Coal N/A 42.20 9.52 Lignite deposits
490 Jiren ETH-00452 Coal N/A 36.87 7.70 Lignite deposits
491 Kebre Mengist (Coal) ETH-00467 Coal N/A 38.84 5.90 Lignite deposits
492 Lalo-Sapo ETH-00505 Coal N/A 36.78 7.47 Lignite deposits
493 Mendi (Gerba) ETH-01001 Coal N/A 35.09 9.72 Lignite deposits
494 Mendi (Koni) ETH-01002 Coal N/A 34.98 9.81 Lignite deposits
495 Metoso ETH-00543 Coal N/A 36.85 7.42 Lignite deposits
496 Mojo (Coal) ETH-00547 Coal N/A 39.03 8.73 Lignite deposits
497 Mojo-Anchano ETH-00548 Coal N/A 36.90 7.32 Lignite deposits
498 Mountain Tankara ETH-00553 Coal N/A 36.52 9.04 Lignite deposits
499 Moye ETH-00555 Coal D 36.82 7.35 Lignite deposits
500 Mugher (Alleltu) ETH-01006 Coal N/A 38.63 9.47 Lignite deposits
501 Mugher (Lega Jewe, Lega Bole, Bofata) ETH-01008 Coal N/A 38.62 9.42 Lignite deposits
502 Mush Valley ETH-00559 Coal E 39.67 9.75 Lignite deposits
503 Nejo (Kersa, Chancho, Fincho, Boka) ETH-01014 Coal N/A 35.39 9.51 Lignite deposits
504 Nejo (Koya, Gute Sedo) ETH-01015 Coal N/A 35.46 9.49 Lignite deposits
505 Nejo (Mechekeni, Saida, Jejeba) ETH-01016 Coal E 35.35 9.52 Lignite deposits
506 Sayoma ETH-00586 Coal N/A 36.83 7.32 Lignite deposits
507 Sehni ETH-00588 Coal N/A 38.69 9.63 Lignite deposits
508 Seke-Lencha ETH-01021 Coal N/A 38.54 9.57 Lignite deposits
509 Waka ETH-00640 Coal N/A 37.13 7.08 Lignite deposits
510 Wuchale ETH-01052 Coal E 39.58 11.50 Lignite deposits
511 Zega Wodel (Coal) ETH-00660 Coal N/A 38.73 9.89 Lignite deposits
512 Galetti ETH-00389 Dol D 40.79 8.58 Sediment-related industrial rocks and minerals
513 Abiyata (Dtm) ETH-00822 Dtm N/A 38.57 7.64 Volcanic-hosted industrial rock and mineral
deposits
514 Babile-Bombasa ETH-00257 Feld D 42.00 8.86 Industrial rocks and minerals related to plutonic
rocks
515 Neghele ETH-00565 Feld N/A 39.37 5.20 Industrial rocks and minerals related to plutonic
rocks
516 Rochelle ETH-00577 Feld, Gr,
Dol
N/A 40.72 8.47 Industrial rocks and minerals related to plutonic
rocks
517 Funiambira ETH-00386 Feld, Silc N/A 42.62 9.18 Industrial rocks and minerals related to plutonic
rocks
518 Adigudom ETH-00810 Gp E 39.52 13.25 Salts and gypsum deposits
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Table 4 (continued)
519 Adisge ETH-00887 Gp N/A 38.77 9.85 Salts and gypsum deposits
520 Blue Nile Gorge, 229 ETH-00917 Gp N/A 38.23 10.04 Salts and gypsum deposits
521 Dawale ETH-00337 Gp N/A 41.72 10.73 Evaporite-related industrial rocks and minerals
522 Hagere Selam ETH-00818 Gp N/A 39.17 13.63 Salts and gypsum deposits
523 Mugher (Jima) ETH-01007 Gp N/A 38.59 9.45 Salts and gypsum deposits
524 Samantar ETH-00581 Gp N/A 44.53 6.56 Evaporite-related industrial rocks and minerals
525 Yegof ETH-01053 Gp D 38.94 9.91 Salts and gypsum deposits
526 Adadikoto ETH-00211 Gr N/A 39.10 5.35 Industrial rocks and minerals related to
metamorphic rocks
527 Bissidimo Valley (Gr) ETH-00283 Gr N/A 42.03 9.11 Industrial rocks and minerals related to
metamorphic rocks
528 Jaja Valley (Gr) ETH-00449 Gr N/A 41.15 9.05 Industrial rocks and minerals related to
metamorphic rocks
529 Kunni Valley (Gr, Dol) ETH-00488 Gr, Dol N/A 40.79 8.74 Industrial rocks and minerals related to
metamorphic rocks
530 Ramis Valley ETH-00576 Gr, Dol N/A 40.92 8.18 Industrial rocks and minerals related to
metamorphic rocks
531 Soka (Gr, Dol) ETH-00604 Gr, Dol N/A 41.32 9.17 Industrial rocks and minerals related to
metamorphic rocks
532 Meleka (Gran) ETH-01056 Gran N/A 38.82 6.05 Industrial rocks and minerals related to
plutonic rocks
533 Lake Abaya (GTH) ETH-00497 GTH N/A 38.11 6.70 Geothermal energy (geothermal system)
534 Corbetti ETH-00325 GTH, Au N/A 38.39 7.23 Volcanic-dome related low-sulphidation epithermal
deposits
535 Gedemsa ETH-00404 GTH, Au N/A 39.18 8.40 Geothermal energy (geothermal system)
536 Awzet ETH-00901 Kln N/A 38.13 11.75 Residually enriched ore deposits
537 Bombowha ETH-00801 Kln E 38.75 6.15 Supergene industrial rock and mineral deposits
538 Debre Tabor ETH-00944 Kln N/A 38.01 11.83 Residually enriched ore deposits
539 Gypsite-Mariam ETH-00978 Kln N/A 37.59 11.76 Sediment-related industrial rocks and minerals
540 Kerker ETH-00992 Kln N/A 37.42 12.71 Supergene industrial rock and mineral deposits
541 Kombelcha ETH-00803 Kln E 42.15 9.48 Supergene industrial rock and mineral deposits
542 Abbay River Basin, 257 ETH-00871 LstC N/A 37.80 8.98 Sediment-related industrial rocks and minerals
543 Guder, 255 ETH-00973 LstC N/A 37.75 8.97 Sediment-related industrial rocks and minerals
544 Jemma ETH-00985 LstC N/A 38.93 9.91 Sediment-related industrial rocks and minerals
545 Wenchit ETH-01049 LstC E 38.98 10.14 Sediment-related industrial rocks and minerals
546 Shinile ETH-00595 LstC, Mrbl N/A 41.95 9.73 Sediment-related industrial rocks and minerals
547 Cheha ETH-00313 Mica N/A 41.87 9.45 Industrial rocks and minerals related to plutonic
rocks
548 Marechi ETH-00527 Mica N/A 36.49 9.68 Industrial rocks and minerals related to plutonic
rocks
549 Shebelli ETH-00594 Mica N/A 42.42 9.01 Industrial rocks and minerals related to plutonic
rocks
550 Tuluhora ETH-00625 Mica N/A 41.75 8.99 Industrial rocks and minerals related to plutonic
rocks
551 Carrara ETH-00306 Mica, Abr N/A 42.37 9.26 Industrial rocks and minerals related to plutonic
rocks
552 Gara Jabbe ETH-00395 Mica, Asb,
Vrm
N/A 40.99 9.05 Asbestos, talc or magnesite deposits hosted by
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553 Harrar (Mica, Dol) ETH-00436 Mica, dol N/A 41.95 9.23 Sediment-related industrial rocks and minerals
554 Belamor ETH-00905 Mrbl N/A 35.03 10.16 Slate, marble and ornamental-stone deposits
555 Boka (Area) ETH-00918 Mrbl N/A 35.25 9.99 Slate, marble and ornamental-stone deposits
556 Boka, 118 ETH-00919 Mrbl N/A 35.26 10.02 Slate, marble and ornamental-stone deposits
557 Bulen ETH-00296 Mrbl D 36.07 10.63 Slate, marble and ornamental-stone deposits
558 Dabus I ETH-00936 Mrbl N/A 35.05 10.39 Slate, marble and ornamental-stone deposits
559 Dabus II ETH-00937 Mrbl N/A 35.05 10.34 Slate, marble and ornamental-stone deposits
560 Guba (Mrbl) ETH-00421 Mrbl D 35.28 10.27 Slate, marble and ornamental-stone deposits
561 Hakim-Gara ETH-00432 Mrbl D 42.07 9.29 Slate, marble and ornamental-stone deposits
562 Mai Daro ETH-01060 Mrbl D 38.38 14.30 Slate, marble and ornamental-stone deposits
563 Mankush (Guba) ETH-01000 Mrbl N/A 35.37 11.22 Slate, marble and ornamental-stone deposits
564 Milendu (Belkoro) ETH-01004 Mrbl N/A 35.14 10.33 Slate, marble and ornamental-stone deposits
565 Negash ETH-00811 Mrbl N/A 39.61 13.89 Slate, marble and ornamental-stone deposits
566 Hula-Kuni ETH-00444 Mrbl, Dol D 41.11 9.10 Sediment-related industrial rocks and minerals
567 Derro ETH-00349 Nitr N/A 38.05 9.82 Salts and gypsum deposits
568 Mega ETH-00532 Olv N/A 38.04 3.82 Volcanic-hosted industrial rock and mineral de-
posits
569 Belet Werm ETH-00272 Petr N/A 44.81 4.98 Oil and gas deposits
570 Bulbul ETH-00295 Petr N/A 38.57 7.67 Oil shales, bituminous sandstones and limestones:
oil, (S)
571 Deghabur ETH-00344 Petr N/A 43.55 8.15 Oil and gas deposits
572 Ferfer ETH-00383 Petr N/A 44.71 5.08 Oil and gas deposits
573 Galadi ETH-00388 Petr N/A 46.28 6.82 Oil and gas deposits
574 Gima ETH-00410 Petr N/A 36.74 7.51 Oil shales, bituminous sandstones and limestones:
oil, (S)
575 Gumburo ETH-00426 Petr N/A 45.49 7.03 Oil and gas deposits
576 Mersa Gulbub (Petr) ETH-00541 Petr N/A 38.98 11.84 Oil shales, bituminous sandstones and limestones:
oil, (S)
577 Mustahil ETH-00562 Petr N/A 44.51 5.28 Oil and gas deposits
578 Wrandab ETH-00648 Petr N/A 43.95 7.23 Oil and gas deposits
579 Ogaden (Petr, Gas) ETH-00796 Petr, Gas D 43.64 5.75 Oil and gas deposits
581 Ogaden basin (Phos) ETH-00570 Phos N/A 45.08 7.07 Phosphorites (or sedimentary phosphates)
582 Garibaldi pass (Nazreth) ETH-00819 Pozz N/A 39.80 8.53 Volcanic-hosted industrial rock and mineral de-
posits
583 Belesa, 078 ETH-00909 Py N/A 35.13 10.26 Unspecified ore deposit type
584 Colen ETH-00930 Py N/A 35.89 10.19 Unspecified volcano-sedimentary and sedimentary-
exhalative deposits
585 Lagara Creek ETH-00496 Py N/A 38.07 6.77 Unspecified ore deposit type
586 Shar (Middle) ETH-01024 Py N/A 35.89 10.31 Syn- to late-orogenic, fault-related ore deposits
587 Shar, 066 ETH-01026 Py N/A 35.92 10.28 Syn- to late-orogenic, fault-related ore deposits
588 Gusho ETH-00977 Py, Cu N/A 34.71 10.26 Unspecified ore deposit type
589 Abdul Kadir ETH-00206 Qtzop N/A 42.79 10.35 Zoned granitic pegmatites
590 Daneb ETH-00334 S N/A 40.43 14.15 Unspecified ore deposit type
591 Dofan ETH-00358 S E 39.93 9.31 High-sulphidation solfatara
592 Creen ETH-00326 Salt N/A 41.46 6.18 Thermal springs
593 Dol ETH-00359 Salt N/A 41.53 6.01 Thermal springs
594 El Sod ETH-00368 Salt N/A 38.40 4.20 Salts and gypsum deposits
595 Eldere ETH-00369 Salt N/A 41.81 5.14 Thermal springs
596 Gerada ETH-00405 Salt N/A 41.44 6.36 Thermal springs
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Table 4 (continued)
597 Godicho ETH-00413 Salt N/A 37.76 6.22 Salts and gypsum deposits
598 Hocdu ETH-00442 Salt N/A 41.49 5.62 Thermal springs
599 Imei ETH-00447 Salt N/A 41.88 6.56 Thermal springs
600 Kalamis ETH-00456 Salt N/A 41.40 6.55 Thermal springs
601 Lake Giulieth ETH-00500 Salt N/A 41.01 13.40 Salts and gypsum deposits
602 Lake Langano ETH-00501 Salt N/A 38.64 7.65 Salts and gypsum deposits
603 Megado (Salt) ETH-00533 Salt N/A 37.90 3.91 Salts and gypsum deposits
604 Osbole ETH-00575 Salt N/A 42.82 6.48 Salts and gypsum deposits
605 Sekkota ETH-00589 Salt N/A 38.99 12.84 Salts and gypsum deposits
606 Cheye Felege Berhan ETH-00925 Salt, Nitr N/A 38.15 10.77 Lacustrine deposits (sebkha, salar, alkaline lake)
607 Adigrat (Silc) ETH-00224 Silc N/A 39.58 14.08 Sediment-related industrial rocks and minerals
608 Blue Nile Gorge, 224–228 ETH-00916 Silc N/A 38.19 10.07 Sediment-related industrial rocks and minerals
609 Chilelo (Debre Gurach) ETH-00926 Silc N/A 38.39 9.78 Sediment-related industrial rocks and minerals
610 Enticho (Silc) ETH-00820 Silc N/A 39.15 14.28 Sediment-related industrial rocks and minerals
611 Guder, 256 ETH-00974 Silc N/A 37.76 8.97 Sediment-related industrial rocks and minerals
612 Hola bridge ETH-00443 Silc N/A 39.38 4.80 Sediment-related industrial rocks and minerals
613 Lange ETH-00506 Silc N/A 41.29 9.30 Sediment-related industrial rocks and minerals
614 Marda ETH-00526 Silc N/A 42.33 8.85 Sediment-related industrial rocks and minerals
615 Mukarba ETH-01010 Silc N/A 38.59 9.45 Sediment-related industrial rocks and minerals
616 Debre Libanos (Silc) ETH-00942 Silc, ClyC N/A 38.87 9.72 Sediment-related industrial rocks and minerals
617 Ambo, 258 ETH-00895 Silc, Gp,
ClyC
N/A 37.83 8.98 Sediment-related industrial rocks and minerals
618 Blue Nile Bridge ETH-00285 Silc, Gp,
ClyC
N/A 37.85 10.50 Sediment-related industrial rocks and minerals
619 Anno ETH-00804 Tlc D 39.00 6.58 Asbestos, talc or magnesite deposits hosted by
620 Agheremariam (Asb) ETH-00234 Tlc, Asb N/A 38.39 5.23 Asbestos, talc or magnesite deposits hosted by
621 Ambo, 267 ETH-00896 Trav N/A 37.85 9.00 Travertine-related deposits
622 Arero Town ETH-00028 U E 38.80 4.70 Unspecified ore deposits related to volcanic systems
623 Errer River ETH-00376 U N/A 42.09 8.86 Unspecified ore deposit type
624 Gecha ETH-00033 U E 35.35 7.35 Unspecified ore deposits related to volcanic systems
625 Gobelli ETH-00411 U N/A 41.92 8.64 Unspecified ore deposit type
626 Sembaba ETH-00032 U E 38.85 5.85 Unspecified ore deposits related to volcanic systems
627 Suruppa ETH-00031 U E 38.35 5.17 Shear-zone related mesothermal uranium deposits
628 Wadera ETH-00030 U, Ptsh E 39.35 5.67 Unspecified ore deposits related to volcanic systems
Class D: small deposit; E: occurrence; N/A: no information available. Commodities: see signification of abbreviations Figs. 2 and 3.
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the Upper Proterozoic (900–500 Ma) Arabian–Nubian
terranes. According to the repartition of these belts,
regional distribution of metallic mineral resources show
three distinct domains (Figs. 1 and 2):
1. A southern domain, including the meta-volcano-
sedimentary Adola and Kenticha belts (see Fig. 2b);
this domain hosts major primary gold deposits
(e.g. Lega Dembi mine, Megado, Sakaro), the
main Ethiopian gold placer deposits, the pegmatite-
hosted Kenticha tantalum mine and the secondary
laterite-related nickel deposits of the Adola district.
Other isolated primary gold deposits under recon-
naissance are known 200 km southwards, close
to the town of Moyale and the Kenya border (e.g.
Haramsam, Hasamte).
2. A wide western domain (see Fig. 2a), following the
Sudanese border; this domain can be subdivided into
four belts, hosting primary gold deposits (e.g. Dul,
Oda-Godere), the Yubdo platinum deposit, the iron
deposits of Bilikal, Chago, Gordana, and base metal
prospects of volcanogenic–volcanosedimentary type
(Abetselo, Kata).
3. A northern domain (Tigray) extending northwards in
Eritrea, composed of several meta-volcano-sedimen-
tary belts and sub-belts, bounded by mafic–ultramafic
rocks, hosting gold and base metal occurrences (e.g.
Adi Zeresenay, Au).
Significant metallic mineral sites located outside of
these domains are rare: they include the Melka Arba
iron deposit (basic intrusion-related), the Chercher
copper deposit (Red Bed type in Mesozoic sandstones)
and the Enkafala manganese deposit (Plio-Pleistocene
sediments of the Danakil depression).
3.1.1. Primary gold deposits
Primary and placer gold deposits and occurrences
have been reported from the Panafrican volcano-sedi-
mentary sequence in Southern Ethiopia (Adola gold
field), Western Ethiopia (Wollega region), Southwestern
Ethiopia (Akobo region), and Northern Ethiopia (Ti-
gray region). However, at present the Adola gold field is
the only existing active gold producing area except for
small scale placer gold mining activities by artisanal
miners in the above mentioned regions.
Primary gold sources were discovered in the 1980s
during detailed exploration in the Adola gold field by
Ethiopian Mineral Resources Development Corpora-
tion (EMRDC, 1985). Such work resulted in the dis-
covery of the Lega Dembi and Sakaro primary gold
deposits and many other primary gold occurrences.
A global potential of more than 100 t of primary gold
can be estimated (resources), based on present state of
knowledge, including the Adola gold field with Lega
Dembi (62 t Au), Megado (23.76 t Au), Serdo (2.85 t
Au), Sakaro (3 t Au), Wollena, Kumudu and the
Western Ethiopia area (Dul deposit, 2.5 t Au).
Different types of primary gold deposits have been
characterized (Table 2): (i) the orogenic mesothermal
gold deposits being the dominant type, (ii) some poorly
known gold-bearing volcanogenic massive sulphides
(VMSs) and secondary gossan-type occurrences and (iii)
recently identified epithermal-type mineralizations
(Tadesse, 2001).
(i) The orogenic mesothermal gold deposits: Most of
the known primary orogenic mesothermal gold deposits
and occurrences are related to shear zone-hosted veins
within the Neoproterozoic volcano-sedimentary succes-
sion of greenschist to amphibolite facies metamor-
phic rocks. They consist of amphibolites, carbonaceous
quartz–feldspar–biotite schist, graphitic quartzite, meta-
sandstone and conglomerate and the associated basic–
ultrabasic intrusions, common in other greenstone belts
of different ages, such as the Barberton (South Africa)
and the Birimian volcano-sedimentary belts in West
Africa (Milesi et al., 1992; Marcoux and Milesi, 1993;
Ledru et al., 1997).
The auriferous quartz veins and lodes vary in length
from a few meters to several hundred meters. The Ku-
mudu ore occurrence is the smallest, about 400 m in
length, while the Lega Dembi deposit exceeds 2000 m in
strike and 100 m in width. Individual quartz veins (e.g.
Sakaro) measure 580 m long by 2–10 m wide. Most of
the quartz veins and lodes strike conformably with the
country rocks. Gold (fineness: 350–870 permil at Lega
Dembi) occurs in veins as free particles (grains) or is
contained within sulphides such as pyrite, galena and
chalcopyrite. Gold contents in the ore bodies reaches up
to 10 g/t (e.g. Lega Dembi). The type of wall rock al-
teration varies depending on the host rock types but
is generally represented by sericitization, silicification,
chloritization, sulphidization, carbonatization, serpent-
inization and biotitization. Quartz and carbonates are
the most common gangue minerals. Sulphides are gen-
erally associated with the gangues, but do not exceed
more than 2% of the volume of the veins. The most
common sulphides are galena, chalcopyrite, arsenopy-
rite, pyrrhotite and pyrite. Tellurides (petzite, altaite and
hessite) are common (e.g. Lega Dembi) (Tadesse, 2000).
With regard to the gold origin, most of the known
primary gold deposits and occurrences in the region are
concentrated within the Megado Belt and partly in the
Kenticha Belt which is characterised by volcano-sedi-
mentary (greenstone) rock associations (Upper com-
plex). The ore bodies known so far are located within
these units or close to the shear contact with high-grade
gneiss, the only exception being the Digati gold occur-
rence. Therefore, it is obvious that this major structure
(the Megado belt) controlled the emplacement and de-
position of the source/host rocks and later shear-
ing provided channel-ways for the circulation of
S. Tadesse et al. / Journal of African Earth Sciences 36 (2003) 273–313 303

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