2. Definition
• Candedemia, or systemic candidiasis.
• is caused by Candida species.
• It is most commonly seen in immunosuppressed
or immunocompromised patients with severe
neutropenia, cancer patients, or in patients with
intravenous catheters.
• immunocompetent patients taking infliximab
may be at a higher risk for fungemia.
• Diagnosis is difficult, as routine blood cultures
have poor sensitivity.
3. Signs & symptoms
• Symptoms can range from mild to extreme—
often described as extreme flu-like
symptoms.
• Many symptoms may be associated with
fungemia, including pain, acute confusion,
chronic fatigue, and infections.
• Skin infections can include persistent or non-
healing wounds and lesions, sweating,
itching, and unusual discharge or drainage.
4. Risk factors
• The most important risk factors are: Use of broad-spectrum
antibiotics
• Other risk factors are:
• Dialysis.
• Diabetes.
• Lowered intestinal flora
• Suppressed immune system.
• Use of yeast probiotics[
• Central venous catheter.
• High severity of illness.
• Multiple abdominal surgeries.
• Use of steroids.
• Burns
5. Pathogenisis
• The most commonly known pathogen is
Candida albicans, causing roughly 70% of
fungemias, followed by Candida glabrata
with 10%.
• Candida auris is an emerging multidrug-
resistant (MDR) yeast that can cause invasive
infections and is associated with high
mortality.
6. TTT
• Neutropenic vs non-neutropenic candidemia is treated
differently.[
• An intravenous echinocandin such as anidulafungin,
caspofungin or micafungin is recommended as first-line
therapy for fungemia, specifically candidemia.
• Oral or intravenous fluconazole is an acceptable
alternative.
• The lipid formulation amphotericin B is a reasonable
alternative if there is limited antifungal availability,
antifungal resistance, or antifungal intolerance.
