1. [1]
A
SUMMER PROJECT ON
SAFETY POLICY
JUSCO
SUBMITTED TO THE
UTKAL UNIVERSITY
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF
BACHELOR IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
Submitted By
ASHISH KUMAR
Session: - 2013-2016
Under the guidance of
External Guide Internal Guide
MR. SANTOSH PANDEY DR. NARGIS BEGUM
Asst. Safety Manager Asst. Professor, HR
Trident Academy of Creative Technology
3. [3]
Guide Name :
Designation :
This is to certify that the projectreportentitled Safety Policy has been prepared by Mr.
Soumak Banerjee under my supervision and guidance, for the fulfilment of Bachelor in Business
Administration. His field work is satisfactory.
Signature and Seal of HOD Signature of Guide
Signature of Principal
DR. NARGIS BEGUM
Asst. Professor, HR
INTERNAL Certificate
4. [4]
this is to certify that the project work entitled “Safety Policy” submitted on partial fulfilment
for degree of BBA is record of studies and bonafied project work carried out by Soumak
Banerjee, student of academic year 2013-2016 of trident academy of creative technology,
Bhubaneswar.
Internal examiner:
External examiner:
EXAMINER CERTIFICATE
5. [5]
It is really a great pleasure to have this opportunity to describe the feeling of
gratitude imprisoned in the core of my heart.
I convey my sincere gratitude to Mr. SANTOSH PANDEY, Asst. Safety
Manager for giving me the opportunity to prepare my project work in
J US C O . I express my sincere thanks to all the staff members of
the JUSCO.
I am thankful to DR. NARGIS BEGUM, Asst. Professor, HR for her
guidance during my project work and sparing her valuable time for the same.
I am also thankful to my family for their kind co-operationwhich made my
take easy.
NAME: SOUMAK BANERJEE
ROLL NO. : 56324UT13088
Session: 2013-2016
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
6. [6]
I do hereby declare that this project work entitled “SAFETY POLICY”
Submitted by me for the partial fulfilment of the requirement of the reward of
bachelor in business administration (BBA) is a part of my own research work.
The report embodies finding the based on my study and observation and has not
been submitted earlier for the award of any degree or diploma to any institution
or university.
SOUMAK BANERJEE
DECLARATION
7. [7]
Safety management systems (SMS) refer to organisations having a systematic approach to
managing safety, including organisational structures, accountabilities, policies and
procedures. They generally include several common elements such as explicit management
commitment to safety, appointment of key safety personnel, hazard identification and risk
mitigation, safety investigations and audit, and safety performance monitoring.
The objective of this research investigation was to examine the published research literature
into the efficacy of safety management systems, safety programs and related management
processes that is applicable to high-reliability transport operations. The examination also
aimed to identify which characteristics of these systems, and/or other organisational
characteristics or external influences, are most related to the quality of an organisation’s
safety management. The outcome of this review may help organisations and regulators
prioritise their efforts on those areas most likely to improve safety performance, and provide
guidance for reviewing, auditing or investigating an organisation’s safety management
processes.
Seventeen studies analysed objective metrics such as safety performance, employee
behaviours, and accidents. Several of these found that organisations with a certified SMS had
significantly lower accident rates. However, across these studies, there was a lack of
agreement about which components of a safety management system individually contributed
the most to safety performance.
Incorporating safety management systems into normal business operations does appear to
reduce accidents and improve safety in high-risk industries. At present, there have only been
a small number of quality empirical evaluations of SMSs and it is unclear as to whether any
individual elements of a SMS have a stronger influence on safety over other elements,
although management commitment and appropriate safety communications do affect attitudes
to safety. Transport organisations that provide an appropriate investment and commitment to
a safety management system should receive a positive return on safety.
Executive SummAry
10. [10]
A safety management system (SMS) can be defined simply as a planned, documented and
verifiable method of managing hazards and associated risks (Bottomley, 1999). Further, as
the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) defines in a little more detail, a safety
management system involves a systematic approach to managing safety, including the
necessary organisational structures, accountabilities, policies and procedures (ICAO, 2009).
While there are many subtly different opinions on the essential components of an SMS,
across all regulatory domains, the basic common attributes of an SMS include:
1. Identification of safety hazards
INTRODUCTION
11. [11]
2. Remedial action to maintain safety performance
3. Continuous monitoring and regular assessment of safety performance
4. Continuous improvement of the overall performance of the SMS (ICAO, 2009).
These definitions imply some form of rigor in the actual development and specification of
SMS, and further imply that such an approach to safety management is built upon a strong
foundation of scientific evidence. This report seeks to review the science that underpins the
regulatory structures imposed on organisations involved in air, marine and rail modes of
transport. In particular, this review has been undertaken to identify the evidence that exists to
support the effectiveness of components of safety management systems.
Personal protective equipment can be categorized by the area of the body protected, by the types of
hazard, and by the type of garment or accessory. A single item, for example boots, may provide
multiple forms of protection: a steel toe cap and steel insoles for protection of the feet from
crushing or puncture injuries, impervious rubber and lining for protection from water and chemicals,
high reflectivity and heat resistance for protection from radiant heat, and high electrical resistivity
for protection from electric shock. The protective attributes of each piece of equipment must be
comparedwiththe hazardsexpectedtobe foundinthe workplace.
There was certain limitation faced while doing this project work. In fact,
it was a part of the whole training process in spite these limitation,
Limitation
12. [12]
JUSCO was highly rewarding experience. The limitations of the project
study are:-
In the Survey of employees of different departments of JUSCO. For example
Water management, HR/IR, BD&CS, PSD, ICS, WSD, LEGAL, EDUCATION,
B&CR, SECURITY, MD OFFICE, PEC etc. it was found that the response to
Questionnaire is incomplete.
The questionnaire is closed ended type in which employee cannot give their opinion
or suggestion.
All respondent are not able to register their answer because many of them were on
leave.
The respondents were not familiar with many questions & they leaved, those
questions, so the analysis may not be correct.
Some of the respondents were unwilling to give their response as they had already
become fed up with the large number of questionnaire they get from different trainees.
14. [14]
Jamshedpur utilities and service company (JUSCO) is India’s only comprehensive urban
infrastructure service provider carved out of Tata Steel from its town services division in the
company’s mandate was to convert an obligatory service into a customer focused a corporate
entity.
Jusco core competency is “creation and subsequent operation and maintenance of urban
infrastructure and services”.
Vision: Best-Value
Today, the company’s vision of providing best value infrastructure and utility services lies in
an area that has traditionally been in the purview of the third tier of the government, i.e.,
urban local bodies (ULBs). The business in the municipal sector has been executed by ULBs,
where the same body regulates, executes and judges its own performance, with minimum
levels of accountability. The challenge to enabling better quality standards lies in separating
these roles and making them accountable.
Quality of life
Jusco’s spam of operations goes far beyond water; it provides comprehensive and sustainable
solutions for other urban infrastructure needs as well, namely power distribution, municipal
solid waste management, and engineering and construction. In fact, it is one of the few
utilities in India that has been given a license to set up power distribution infrastructure in
parallel with the state electricity board in the Seraikela-Kharsawan district of Jharkhand.
Jusco boasts the highest level of power availability at the lowest tariff rate.
Jusco’s green focus has led to intelligent illumination and energy-saving devices for
streetlights. It has planted over 100,000 tress making Jamshedpur one of the greenest cities in
India. It’s clear that Jusco is taking every word of its promise of ‘Quality services for life’
very seriously.
15. [15]
MISSION
To improve the quality of life of the communities we serve globally through long-term
stakeholder value creation based on Leadership with Trust.
Build a process and knowledge driven enterprises where a team of happy and empowered
employees creates best value through:
Care for customer.
Culture of excellence and improvement.
Commitment to safety and environment.
Concern for community.
Vision:
We shall be provider of best value infrastructure and quality. By 2025, 25% of the
world’s population will experience the Tata commitment to improving the quality of
life of customers and communities. As a result, Tata will be amongst the 25 most
admired corporate and employer brands globally, with a market capitalization
comparable to the 25 most valuable companies in the world.
Value and purpose
16. [16]
Purpose
At the Tata group we are committed to improving the quality of life of the communities we
serve. We do this by striving for leadership and global competitiveness in the business sectors
in which we operate.
Our practice of returning to society what we earn evokes trust among consumers, employees,
shareholders and the community. We are committed to protecting this heritage of leadership
with trust through the manner in which we conduct our business.
Core values
Tata has always been values-driven. These values continue to direct the growth and business
of Tata companies. The five core Tata values underpinning the way we do business are:
• Integrity: We must conduct our business fairly, with honesty and transparency.
Everything we do must stand the test of public scrutiny.
• Understanding: We must be caring, show respect, compassion and humanity for our
colleagues and customers around the world, and always work for the benefit of the
communities we serve.
• Excellence: We must constantly strive to achieve the highest possible standards in our
day-to-day work and in the quality of the goods and services we provide.
• Unity: We must work cohesively with our colleagues across the group and with our
customers and partners around the world, building strong relationships based on
tolerance, understanding and mutual cooperation.
Responsibility:
We must continue to be responsible, sensitive to the countries, communities and
environments in which we work, always ensuring that what comes from the people goes back
to the people many times over.
17. [17]
SAFETY SURVEY HIGHLIGHT
Sample Safety survey was conducted to know the safety awareness status among all
types of employs (Vendor, vendor employees & JUSCO employees) working in
JUSCO.
This survey was conducted during the period of 07th JULY to 22nd AUG.-2015 by
third party.
Seventeen different questions were asked to the employees to know the safety culture
of the organization during survey.
One to one contact was made during survey with 364 employees out of six thousand
employees (Approx.) working at Jamshedpur.
JUSCO’s Safety culture was assessed to be 7.8 when measured in a scale of 10 (based
on 364 employees contacted).
19. [19]
TATA SAFETY AND HEALTH POLICY
The Tata Group is committed to providing a safe and healthy working environment
and achieving an injury and illness free work place. Economic considerations will not
have priority over implementation of safety and health protection measures. While
safety is everyone’s prime responsibility, senior leaders are expected to demonstrate
visible commitment through their behaviour. To meet our commitment, we will;
Recognise safety and health as an integral part of our operations; consider Safety and Health
in every decision we make and in every activity we perform.
Comply and endeavour to exceed applicable regulatory safety and health requirements and
set the highest standards.
Impart appropriate training and develop skills by engaging employees to help them work
safely.
Assess risks and provide controls for safety and health hazards in our operations and
activities and use audits to check compliance.
Promptly report incidents, investigate for root causes and ensure lessons learnt are shared and
deployed across the Group companies.
PPE is equipment that will protect the user against health and safety risks at work.
Types of PPE
Personal protective equipment can be categorized by the area of the body protected, by the
types of hazard, and by the type of garment or accessory. A single item, for example boots,
may provide multiple forms of protection: a steel toe cap and steel insoles for protection of
the feet from crushing or puncture injuries, impervious rubber and lining for protection from
water and chemicals, high reflectivity and heat resistance for protection from radiant heat,
and high electrical resistivity for protection from electric shock. The protective attributes of
each piece of equipment must be compared with the hazards expected to be found in the
workplace.
20. [20]
Respirators
Respirators serve to protect the user from breathing in contaminants in the air, thus
preserving the health of one's respiratory tract. There are two main types of respirators. One
type of respirator functions by filtering out chemicals and gases or airborne particles from the
air breathed by the user. Gas mask and particulate respirators are examples of this type of
respirator. A second type of respirator protects users by
providing clean, respirable air from another source. This
type includes airline respirators and self-contained
breathing apparatus (SCBA). In work environments,
respirators are relied upon when adequate ventilation is
not available or other engineering control systems are not
feasible or inadequate.
HEARING PROTECTION
• Industrial noise is often overlooked as an occupational hazard, as it is not visible to
the eye.
• Overall, about 22 million workers in the United States are exposed to potentially
damaging noise levels each year. Occupational hearing loss accounted for 14% of all
occupational illnesses in 2007, with about 23,000 cases significant enough to cause
permanent hearing impairment. About 82% of occupational hearing loss cases
occurred to workers in the manufacturing sector.
• The Occupational Safety and Health Administration establishes occupational noise
exposure standards.
• NIOSH recommends that worker exposures
to noise be reduced to a level equivalent to 85
dabs for eight hours to reduce
occupational noise-induced hearing loss.
• PPE for hearing protection consists
of earplugs and earmuffs. Workers who are
regularly exposed to noise levels above the
NIOSH recommendation should be furnished hearing protection by the employers, as
they are a low-cost intervention.
21. [21]
EYE PROTECTION
• Eye injuries can happen through a variety of means. Most eye injuries occur when
solid particles such as metal slivers, wood chips, sand or cement chips get into the
eye. Smaller particles in smokes and larger particles, such as broken glass also
account for particulate matter causing eye injuries. Blunt force trauma can occur to
the eye when excessive force comes into contact with the eye. Chemical burns,
biological agents, and thermal agents, from sources such as welding torches and UV
light also contribute to occupational
eye injury.
• While the recommended usage of eye
protection varies by occupation, the provision of safety furnished by said piece of
equipment can be generalized. Safety glasses provide minimum protection from
external debris, and are recommended to provide side protection via a wrap-around
design or via side shields. Goggles provide better protection than safety glasses, and
are effective in preventing eye injury from chemical splashes, impact, dusty
environments and welding. It is recommended that goggles with high air flow be
used, in order to prevent fogging. Face shields are a useful form of additional
protection to be worn over the standard eyewear, and provide protection from impact,
chemical, and blood-borne hazards. Full-face piece respirators are considered the best
form of eye protection when respiratory protection is needed as well, but may be less
effective against potential impact hazards to the eye. Eye protection used for welding
operations is shaded to different degrees, depending on the specific operation.
22. [22]
SKIN PROTECTION
• Occupational skin diseases such as contact dermatitis, skin cancers, and other skin
injuries and infections are the second most common type of occupational disease and
can be very costly. Skin hazards, which lead to occupational skin disease, can be
classified into four groups. Chemical agents can come into contact with the skin
through direct contact with contaminated surfaces, deposition of aerosols, immersion
or splashes. Physical agents such as
extreme temperatures and ultraviolet or
solar radiation can be damaging to the skin
over prolonged exposure.[Mechanical
trauma occurs in the form of friction,
pressure, abrasions, lacerations and
contusions.[ Biological agents such as
parasites, microorganisms, plants and
animals can have varied effects when
exposed to the skin.
• Any form of PPE that acts as a barrier
between the skin and the agent of exposure
can be considered skin protection. Because
a lot of work is done with the
hands, gloves are an essential item in
providing skin protection. Some examples
of gloves commonly used as PPE
include rubber gloves, cut-resistant
gloves, chainsaw gloves and heat-resistant
gloves. For sports and other recreational
activities, many different gloves are used
for protection, generally against
mechanical trauma.
• Other than gloves, any other article of
clothing or protection worn for a purpose
serve to protect the skin. Lab coats for
example, are worn to protect against potential splashes of chemicals. Face
shields serve to protect one's face from potential impact hazards, chemical splashes or
possible infectious fluid.
23. [23]
LINE MANAGEMENT
Line management is a business term to describe the administration of activities that
contribute directly to the output of products or services. In a corporate hierarchy, a line
manager holds authority in a vertical (chain of command), and/or over a particular product
line. He or she is charged with meeting corporate objectives in a specific functional area
or line of business .
The line management function will often cross into other functions vital to the success of a
business such as human resources, finance, and risk management. Indeed, at corporations,
responsibility for risk management is vested with line management. Human resources
obligations are also increasingly being assigned or "devolved" to line managers.
Line management is also responsible for adopting (with the support of senior management)
any type of organizational culture change.
Line managers are responsible for key functions in an organization such as employee
empowerment, training and development, motivation, organizational development, team
building, mentoring, etc. Line managers help people accomplish organizational goals and
objective.
Safe Work Procedure
A safe work procedure, which may also be referred to as a job safety analysis or safe work
method statement, is a simple approach of looking at the task/activity to consider the safest
way to complete it. It is a way to identify the hazards involved and putting into place ways to
prevent an injury occurring.
Safe work procedures provide information to assist staff and students to perform tasks safely.
These procedures also assist in the training and orientation of new staff and students in the
hazards of the tasks to
24. [24]
be performed, as well as providing them with the preferred way to safely perform the
task/activity. Safe work procedures may also be used in assessing the level of understanding
with regards to on-the-job training.
ACCIDENTS
• A work accident, workplace accident, occupational accident, or accident at work is a
“discrete occurrence in the course of work” leading to physical or mental occupational
injury. According to the International Labour Organization (ILO), more than 337
million accidents happens on the job each year, resulting together with occupational
diseases, in more than 2.3 million deaths annually..
• The phrase “in the course of work” can include work –related accidents happening off
the company’s premises, and can include accidents caused by the parties, according to
Euro stat.
The definition of work accidents includes accidents occurring “while engaged in an economic
activity, or at work, or carrying on the business of the employer” according to the ILO.
Occupational injury
• An occupational injury is bodily damage resulting from working. The most usual
organs involved are the spine, hands, the head,
lungs, eyes, skeleton and skin.
• Common causes of industrial injury are poor
ergonomics, manual handling of heavy loads,
misuse or failure of equipment, exposure to
general hazards, inadequate safety training and
clothing, jewellery or long hair that becomes
tangled in machinery.
• General hazards in a work environment include
electricity, explosive materials, fire, flammable
gases, heat, height, high pressure gases and
liquids, powerful or sharp moving machinery,
25. [25]
oxygen free gases or spaces, poisonous gases, radiation, toxic materials, work on, near
or under weak or heavy structures.
Difference between Incident and
Accidents
• Incidents that fall within the definition of occupational accidents include cases of
acute poisoning, attacks by humans and animals, insects etc., slips and falls on
pavements or staircases, traffic collisions, and accidents on board means of
transportation in the course of work.
• Accidents arise from unsafe behaviour and/or unsafe conditions. An important factor
is the safety climate or safety culture of an organisation. Safety culture concerns how
workplace safety is managed, consisting of the shared attitudes, beliefs, perceptions,
and values among employees.
27. [27]
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research simply means a search for facts –answers to question and solution to problem. It is
a purposive investigation it is an organized inquiry, it seeks to find explanation of
unexplained phenomenon to clarify the doubtful facts to correct the misconceived facts &
take a corrective action.
Research is the process of systematic and depth study of any particular topic, subject or area
of investigation backed by data collection, compilation, presentation of relevant data and
details. It is a careful researcher enquiry into any subject which is valuable and would be
useful for further details or any utilization.
A research design is a framework of blueprint for conducting a research project, it deals the
procedures necessary for obtaining the information needed to solve research problem.
In management research is used for gaining information and knowledge on specific topic
phenomenon.
28. [28]
The study of management of business ethics is an attempt to capture employees’
views on implementation of safety activity.
To make a depth and purposive investigation of ethical decision at work
place and employees aware of business ethics.
Identifying the opportunity for improvement based on the finding of this
exercise.
Implementation of ethical codeof conductTCOC (Tata codeof conduct)
practiced by all employees in the JUSCO, which create a healthy working
environment in organization.
Management of social corporateresponsibility within the organization.
Objective
29. [29]
The primary role of the safety management is to promote programs that support
operational excellence, prevent accidents and incidents.
The Safety Management system is a proactive, predictive and data driven in
nature. Safety management system raises safety awareness throughout the
organisation.
Evaluate the safety culture of the employees with reference to
occupational health and safety issues.
Assess employee involvement level in the existing safety program.
Assess the employee perception regarding the existing safety
management.
Scope
30. [30]
Research process steps:-
Problem selection
Develop the research plan
Collect the information
Analysis of information
Interpret.
On the basis of fundamental objective, research is descriptive research.
It is a fact finding investigation with adequate interpretation. It aims to identified the various
characteristics of a problem under study & also aims at classification of the range of elements
of subject matter of study it highlight importance methodological aspect data collection and
interpretation.
Descriptive research is designed to describe something. In this research the data is collected
for definite purpose.
31. [31]
STEP ONE:-
PROBLEM SELECTION
The selection of the problem is the first step in research. The term problem means- a question
or issue to be examined. The nature of the particular problems is to Safety and Health
management in JUSCO.
STEP TWO:-
DEVELOP THE RESEARCH PLAN.
The step involves data source, research instrument, and sampling plan. Before safety survey
we planned to distribute the TCoC booklet & taken a form as a commitment that they read
that book. The TCoCis intent to serve as a guide to each employee on the values, ethics,
safety and health policies expected of him or her in personal and professional conduct. The
data source is the different workforce of JUSCO i.e (officer, supervisor, worker ). The
research instrument is questionnaire; we prepared a questionnaire with the help of safety
counselors. They helped us in preparation of questionnaire.
STEP THREE:-
COLLECTION OF INFORMATION
A problem well put is half solved the primary task of research is collection of relevant data
and analysis of data for finding answers to questions, but this phase is most time taking ,
expensive and most prone to error. The information collected from different department of
the employee from questionnaire.
TOOL FOR COLLECTION OF INFORMATION:-
Primary data:- Questionnaire
The target population for the survey is entire workforce , this research was conducted in
JAMSHEDPUR .
For this project target respondent were:-
32. [32]
Employee (officer, supervisor, worker) of different department of JAMSHEDPUR.
SAMPLE SIZE:-
A total of 500 respondent were surveyed in different department of JUSCO in
JAMSHEDPUR.
STEP FOUR:-
ANALYSIS OF THE INFORMATION
The next step is analyzing the findings from the collected data. After data collection we
tabulated the data in different department as well as workforce wise & calculated the average
in grid EXCEL.
TECHNIQUES OF APPLIED :- TABLES & PIE CHART.
STEP FIVE:-
METHOD OF SAMPLING DESIGN:- SURVEY
It is a survey, a fact finding study. It is a method of research involving collection of data
directly from a population thereof at particular time. Its purpose is to provide information,
explain phenomenon, to make comparison and concerned with cause and effect relationship.
55. [55]
CONCLUSION
Jusco has well structured safety management system, follows
the TCOC (TATA CODE OF CONDUCT) as code of
conduct. The code is intended to serve as a guide to each
employee on the values of safety and business principal in
their personal and professional conduct.
The code of conduct framework guide ethical behavior
thought out the organization.
A senior executive is designated as safety counselor who is
supported by ethics coordinators of all departments and
locations for improving awareness of TCOC and
implementations of its guidelines.
For reinforcement of TCOC. August is observed as safety
month in JUSCO. Employees committed to comply with
company’s values & TATA code of conduct.
From survey we came in to the conclusion the least value
pillar is communication & training so the area of
improvement is this grid.
The purpose of the MBE survey is to capture employees view
in respect to their safety knowledge and safety decision at
workplace. To make JUSCO unethical workplace.
56. [56]
Safety counselor and coordinators should take active role and make
employee participation in different safety programmer.
Senior leader should make employee involvement in different
programmer like, regional safety programs, safety drill, safety workshop
etc.
To make employee awareness and responsibility for safety decision at
work place.
All employees should encourage reporting instance of hazards
Make suggestion boxes. Where employees can highlight the hazards at site or
workplace.
SUGGESTIONS
58. [58]
JUSCO SAFETY SURVEY 2015
The management of safety studies at JUSCO is an attempt to capture your views
on implementation of safety activity. Opportunity for improvement will be
identified based on the finding exercise. We sincerely urge you to provide
honest feedback on all questions on “yes” or “no”. We look forward to your
supportand co-operation in making these studies a success.
Kindly, tick against “yes” or “no”.
JUSCO SAFETY SURVEY 2015
QUESTIONNAIRE
Q.NO. YES NO
1 Do you believe that all injuries and incidents can be
prevented ?
2 Do you think safety is line managemant
responsibility?
3 Do you think safety is important?
4 Are you aware of the hazards in the work place and
the controls to be taken?
5 Do your seniors including senior managers feel
safety is important?
6 Have you been trained on safety during the last
twelve months?
7 Is SWP available for all activities? If yes,are you
trained on SWP?
Appendix
59. [59]
8 Do the seniors including the senior managers visit the
site or shop floor more often?
9 Do you see your supervisors or foreman discuss
about safety issues on shop floor or at site?
10 Do you think people are still violating PPE
compliance and take shortcuts?
11 Have you or your colleagues been rewarded or
recognized for demonstrating outstanding safety
performance?
12 Have you been scolded or reprimanded by your
seniors or managers for delaying or stopping a job on
account of safety?
13 If you feel a query ,do your seniors including
managers come back to you with an explanation?
14 Do you feel your seniors including managers are
more concerned for job or project execution than for
safety?
15 Do you see actions being taken on deviations
highlighted by you or your colleague?
16 Are you being pressurized by your seniors or
managers to do a job even at the cost of safety?
17 Have you been involved in any safety improvement
activities like meetings,incident investigation etc?
18 On a scale of 10,give your assessment of JUSCO's
safety culture at the moment.