When light strikes chlorophyll of photosystem II, a molecule loses el.pdf

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When light strikes chlorophyll of photosystem II, a molecule loses electrons to an electron transport chain. What molecule donates electrons to chlorophyll so that chlorophyll doesn\'t run out of electrons? NAOPH water oxygen light Water molecules stick to other water molecules because ... water molecules are neutral, and neutral molecules are attracted to each other hydrogen bonds form between the hydrogen atoms of one water molecule and the oxygen atoms of other water molecules covalent bonds form between the hydrogen atoms of one water molecule and the oxygen atoms of other water molecules the hydrogen atoms of adjacent water molecules are attracted to one another What is the fundamental difference between covalent and ionic bonding? In a covalent bond, the partners have identical electronegativity, in an ionic bond, one them is more electronegative. In a covalent bond, the atoms Share a pair of electrons; in an ionic bond, one atom an electron from the other In covalent bonding, both partners end up with filled outer electron shells in ionic one partner does and the other does not Covalent bonds form between atoms of the same element; ionic bonds, between different element What major event occurs during the final phase of the Calvin Cycle (the regeneration Sunlight is used make CO_2 CO_2 are used to make sugar molecules A TP is used to make chlorophyll ATP is used to make RuBP molecules The following diagram depicts the energy changes associated with what type Solution 6. Water. Light dependent hydrolysis of one molecule of water releases 2 electrones that are shuttled into the photosynthesis II. 7. b. water molecules form intra-molecular hydrogen bonding (between oxygen of one molecule to hydrogen of other moleccule) because of which they attach to each other. 8. b. Covalent bonds share a pair of electrones whereas in an ionic bond there is a transfer of electrones from one electronic species to another. 9. d. ATP is used to regenerate RuBP. 3 ATP molecules are used to regenerate RuBP from glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate..

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You have persuaded XelPharm\'s CIO that wireless networking would benefit many of the company\'s employees. However, he requests that you plan the network carefully and begin with a pilot network before migrating hundreds of clients to use wireless technology. You decide to begin with a pilot network in the distribution facility. The distribution facility is 200 feet long by 120 feet wide. It houses 45 employees during each shift, all on the same floor. What is your first step in planning the pilot network? As part of your later planning, draw the network, including the quantity and optimal placement of access points. What pitfalls, some unique to this environment, are you careful to avoid? What wireless standard do you recommend and why? Solution There are many factors that need to consider before developing wireless network like cost, bandwidth, use and devices that need to deploy in network following are some points that need to consider for planning network There are a number of reasons for a company to implement wireless networking. Wi-fi makes it much easier for workers to connect to the LAN from their laptops in conference rooms, break rooms, and other areas that may not have wired Ethernet jacks (or may not have enough for the number of people present). A wireless network also provides a way for you to allow visitors to access the Internet with their laptops or handhelds (for example, to check their e-mail).Rolling out a wireless LAN within your organization, however, is more complicated than just plugging in a wireless access point (WAP). You need to address a number of factors in the planning stage to ensure both accessibility and security. Steps to pilot network:- 1) Establish a pilot that will test and confirm how wireless can work within your business campus and needs. 2) Tie in Internet access and a robust data security system. 3) Install wireless access points, and equip notebook PCs for wireless use (e.g., provide PC cards or upgrade to PCs with integrated wireless connectivity built in). 4) Train and turn your participants loose with their wireless notebook PCs. 5 After the pilot, build on what you learn to broaden your wireless LAN (WLAN) to cover other areas and users. Here are some of the things you should consider as you prepare to go wireless :- The first step in planning your wi-fi deployment is to determine who will be using your wireless network. This can affect network design. If the wireless network is primarily to give visitors Internet access, you will want to isolate it from your wired LAN, perhaps by placing it in a DMZ. If the wireless LAN is for the use of your workers, you will need to give them access to resources on the wired corporate network without compromising the security of the main LAN. If both outsiders and employees need wireless, you may want to establish two separate WLANs to meet the needs of each. The next step is to look at what type of traffic will flow over the WLAN. This analysis is necessa.

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What problem was IETF DiffServ supposed to solve? How did IETF DiffServ solve this problem? Does IETF DiffServ cost the network any overhead? Does IETF DiffServ cause delay in the network? What does IETF DiffServ not solve? What problem was IETF IntServ supposed to solve? How did IETF IntServ solve this problem? Does IETF IntServ cost the network any overhead? Does IETF IntServ cause delay in the network? What does IETF IntServ not solve? With the aid of an example, describe how RSVP works. Solution How RSVP Works Basically,RSVP is based on signaling messages that traverse the network, allocating resources along the way. RSVP is receiver-initiated, because sender initiation does not scale well to large, multicast scenarios in which there are heterogeneous receivers. In multicast scenarios, the application server sends out only one PATH message to multiple receiving computers, thus conserving network bandwidth. In the case of multicast traffic flows, RESV messages from multiple receivers are merged by taking the maximum values requested. RSVP approaches to send data with best possible effort. Following is the basic example how RSVP messages flow between a sender and receiver, through the admission control host and intermediary hops. Following steps involve in process of RSVP- 1. The multimedia server sends a PATH message requesting priority bandwidth to the QoS ACS host . The message is ultimately headed to the receiver of the data. In the case of multicast (multiple receivers), the PATH message is sent to the multicast address and received by all hosts that are members of the multicast group. Note that it is RSVP messages that are passed to the QoS ACS, not the data packets ultimately transmitted from sender to receiver. Until confirmation of a reservation is received with a RESV message, data for the connection is sent at a best-effort service level from the sending host. The best-effort service type instructs the RSVP SP to use the application or service\'s QoS parameters as guidelines for service quality requests, and makes reasonable effort to maintain the requested level of service. It does not make any guarantees that requested QoS parameters are implemented or enforced. 2. If a QoS ACS server is present in the local subnet, the PATH message is routed via the QoS ACS server. In this example, a QoS ACS host approves the request and forwards it to the receiver (client). The PATH message travels through the network to the receiver, along the data path determined by the network routing protocol. 3. A PATH state is maintained at each hop. Each PATH state contains a copy of the PATH message and the IP address of the previous hop. 4. When a PATH message arrives at the intended receiver, the receiving host responds by sending a RESV message that reserves the resources along the same network path traveled by the PATH message. Here, the receiver creates a RESV message, indicating that it wants to receive the data from the multimedia server. 5. Th.

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what causes hydrogen bonds to form between polar molecules? Solution Polar molecules are those, which dissociate in water and releases hydrogen (H+) or hydroxyl ions (OH-). The partially charged opposite charges attract together, which results in hydrogen bonding. For example, water molecules are held together by hydrogen bonding due to the opposite partially polarity of hydrogen and hydroxyl ions..

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The alpha-helix shown below is part of a water-soluble, globular protein. Note that some amino acids point \"toward\" you (Lys, Glu, Ser, Asp, etc.) and some point \"away\" from you (Phe, Ile, Val, Ile, etc.). Which side of the helix (the side with the amino acids pointing \"toward\" you or the side with the amino acids pointing \"away\" from you) would likely be the side of the helix that is in contact with the cytoplasm (the watery fluid inside all cells), as opposed facing inward toward the \"core\" of the protein? Solution Lys, Ser, Glu and Asp are hydrophilic amino acids whereas Phe, Ile, Val, Ile are hydrophobic amino acids. Hydrophilic amino acids seek contact with water whereas hydrophobic amino acids do not. The hydrophilic amino acids tend to be on the outside of the protein molecules. Therefore the hydrophilic amino acids would be in contact with the cytoplasm. The hydrophobic amino acids would tend to orient towards the interior of the folded protein molecule..

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in java Can we create an object of type Interface? Explain your answer. Solution No, we cannot create an instance of interface in java because interface contains only abstract methods (ie. methods which are only declared) and as abstract methods do not have a body (of implementation code), we cannot create an object of interface. Though we can create instance of the class implementing the interface. But we can refer to object that implements an interface. example, public interface Pet { } public class Dog implements A { } public static void main(String[] args) { Pet ob = new Dog(); //Pet test = new Pet(); // compilation error } Also, Anonymous classes can implement interfaces, and it is the only time a class implementing an interface without the \"implements\" keyword. It is possible to create Interface object with anonymous inner classes as shown below : interface Sample { public void display(); } class Demo { Sample p = new Sample() { public void display() { System.out.println(\"Interfce example.\"); } }; }.

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I need help in matlab.The task is echo removing from the signal.Suppose we have a musical signal include echoes, so we have to design the filter to remove echo. In attach pics, there is complete description about the question. where h[O] is the signal attenuation of the direct path between the source of music and the microphone, and h[k]for k >0 can be viewed as the coefficients of the echoes. Choose the coefficients of the echoes as follows: h[0] = 1, h[50001 0.5 h[90001 0.02 STEP 1 Compute, plot, and play the following music signal yfn: y[n] = h[k]x(n-k] k=0 where xfk] is your own original musical signal from project deliverable 2. When you listen to the y[n], you should feel the echoes in the signal. STEP 2: In the second step, we pretend like we do not know the original signal, and all we have is the musical signal with echoes, which is yln]. Now, your task is to design a filter, whose impulse response is denoted as gln), in order to remove the echoes. So, the overall system (including STEP 1 and STEP 2) looks like Solution %clearing window, variables and figures clear all; close all; clf; clc; n=10000; for i=1:1:19999 xa(i)=i-1; end x=rand(1,10000); h=zeros(1,10000); h(1)=1; h(5001)=0.5; h(9001)=0.2; y = conv(x, h); stem(xa,y); title(\'Signal with echo\'); soundsc(y); for i=1:1:19999 if i==1 v(i)=y(i)-y(i); elseif i==5001 v(i)=y(i)-0.5*y(i); elseif i==9001 v(i)=y(i)-0.2*y(i); else v(i)=y(i); end end figure; stem(xa,v) title(\'original signal\'); soundsc(v);.

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Human language uses less sounds and is less symbolic than are the communication systems used by other primates. is symbolic, arbitrary, is an open system, and uses displacement. is closed, non-arbitrary, and lacks displacement. is symbolic, closed, and lacks displacement. In which way is a human\'s big toe different from a chimpanzee\'s big toe? the human\'s big toe is divergent and capable of grasping. the chimp\'s big toe is divergent and capable of grasping. the chimp\'s big toe is located on the other side of the foot. chimps don\'t have a big toe. Which of the following is a trait that is characteristic of mammals? postnatal patterns that emphasize having fewer offspring but providing more parental care. all of the above Solution Answers : 1. b. Human language is symbolic, arbitory, is an open system and uses displacement. 2. b. The Chimp\'s big toe is divergent and capable of grasping. 3. d..

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How to build a Linked List that can insert any type of data. For example: SLinkedList abc1; SLinkedList abc2; SLinkedlist abc3; Please answer in C plus plus, you don\'t need to develop all function, just insert data is enough. Thank you. Solution #include #include #define LEFT 2 #define RIGHT 3 typedef struct linked_list { double data; struct linked_list *next; }node;//node declaration for single linked list /*function prototype declaration*/ void insertion(node **,double); void erase(node **,node **); //void left_or_right(node **,node **,int); node *makenode(double); void show(node **,node **); /*main*/ int main() { system(\"clear\"); char choice; double item; node *start=NULL,*prev=NULL; do { printf(\"\ ===========================\ \\tMENU\ ===========================\ \\t1.Insert\ \\t2.Exit\ Enter your choice :: \"); scanf(\"\ %c\",&choice); switch(choice) { case \'1\': printf(\"\ Enter item :: \"); scanf(\"%lf\",&item); insertion(&start,item);//insert function calling show(&start,&prev); break; case \'2\': erase(&prev,&start); printf(\"\ You are exited from the whole program.\ \ \"); exit(1); default: printf(\"\ \\tWrong Choice\ \"); } } while(choice!=\'2\'); return 0; } void show(node **start,node **prev)/*this function displays the whole linked list*/ { if((*start)!=NULL) { printf(\"\ \ X <- \"); node *temp=NULL,*p=*prev,*q=NULL; while(p!=NULL) { if(temp==NULL) { temp=makenode(p->data); } else { q=makenode(p->data); q->next=temp; temp=q; } p=p->next; } while(temp!=NULL) { printf(\"%.0lf <- \",temp->data); q=temp; temp=temp->next; free(q); q=NULL; } printf(\"\\b| \"); p=*start; while(p!=NULL) { if(p==*start) { printf(\"%.0lf |-> \",p->data); } else { printf(\"%.0lf -> \",p->data); } p=p->next; } printf(\" X \ \ \"); } else { printf(\"\ \ \\tEmpty Linked List\ \ \"); } } void insertion(node **start,double item)//this function inserts a new node in the linked list { node *temp=makenode(item),*p=NULL; if(*start==NULL) { *start=temp; } else { p=*start; while(p->next!=NULL) { p=p->next; } p->next=temp; } } node *makenode(double item) { node *temp=NULL; temp=(node *)malloc(sizeof(node)); if(temp==NULL) { printf(\"\ Dynamic memory allocation failed.\ \"); exit(0); } temp->data=item; temp->next=NULL; } void erase(node **prev,node **start)//this function deletes all nodes of the linked list when the program terminates { node *p=NULL; while(*start!=NULL) { p=*start; *start=(*start)->next; free(p); p=NULL; } while(*prev!=NULL) { p=*prev; *prev=(*prev)->next; free(p); p=NULL; } }.

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Genetics homework 1. The rut site involved in Rho-dependent termination is what type of molecule? DNA RNA Protein Two of the above. All of the above. 2. Life forms on a newly discovered exo-planet (planet found outside of our solar system) are very similar to those found on Earth, except their proteins are made of 128 different amino acids. Otherwise, their DNA and RNA compositions are identical to those found on Earth. This observation suggests that the codons coding for the amino acids are likely to be at least how many bases long? 2 3 4 5 6A. DNAB. RNAC. ProteinD. Two of the above.E. All of the above. Solution 1) the answer is RNA - SsRNA.. It is a protein which is involved in the termination of transcription.!! It acts on the SsRNA after the open reading frame where there is G/C less sequence..!! 2) the answer is 4.. As 4^ 3 = 64 codes for 20 amino acids so we can say that there is degeneracy.. If there is 64 codons it will code for only 64 amino acids for outer organism. But there are 128 amino acids given Similarly, 4^4= 256 which can code for 128 a.a including degeneracy as it is closest of no of amino acids.

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For the segment of code below display the contents of the Array Stack object s after each method call. The first line of code creates and initializes the Array Stack object S. When displaying the contents of the Array Stack S after each method call draw, Array Stack S\'s array data as you see below. Solution S s.push(9) s.push(2) ; s.pop(); s.push(7); s.push(6); s. push(12); push(16) pop(); pop(); push(4)9.

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Explain the sources of police subculture. king undercover would affect an officer in terms of various components of police subeulture. Solution Answer- Part1 Police Subculture- It\'s the culture of Police Officers. Cops gathering at doughnut shops and eating doughnuts is part of police subculture which became popular. Cops are tied to the colour blue. They use police code even while not in the work-place. They call each other by their last names only outside of work as is standard practice while on the job. Part of cop subculture is to moonlight as bouncers, private eyes and other gigs when they can not get any overtime. Part of the culture is that cops live off their OT. If you look up how much cops get paid you\'ll find that OT is usually 20-50% of their wages. The culture has their slang. New Recruits are called Rooks/Boots. So, Police subculture is defined as a specific set of beliefs, attitudes, and behaviours exhibited by those in law enforcement. Because police officers spend the majority of their time dealing with crime, they tend to view members of the public as untrustworthy and potentially hostile. Sources of Police Subculture 1- Organization Factors Cont. 2- Night Shifts: 3- Street Environment 4- Culture-shaping implications between the police and citizens 5- Behavior can be influenced due to personal beliefs and circumstances that are encountered 6- Young officers get frustrated due to being disillusioned by the routine 7- Most common violent encounters that officers respond to are between friends and acquaintances, domestic situations also 8- Traffic stop interactions negatively affect police subculture, an encounter between officer and driver are doomed 9- Other Criminal Justice Agencies 10- Administration Cont. Answer- Part 2 Undercover officers are mainly hard-working minority men and women who grew up in some of the toughest neighbourhoods in the city who chose to come into the police and try to make a difference. And the police uses them. Working as an undercover would affect an officer in terms of various components of police subculture. Some Possible components could be as follows-: 1- Undercover agents are frequently required to be in hostile environments in which they give up control and do not have dominion. 2- The level of danger and unpredictability is markedly increased. 3- Their sense of moral superiority may be increased, as they spend more time surrounded by criminals. 4- Their sense of us versus them will have to be concealed to avoid giving themselves away. Their need for secrecy may extend to everyone they know to protect their cover, thus increasing their isolation. 5- Their bravery and ability to deceive are likely to be continually challenged..

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