35. What would be a strong suggestion of convergent evolution from mapping a trait onto a phylogenetic tree (think of how flight would map onto a phylogenetic tree of all animals)? Solution Convergent evolution means that a single character/trait has evolved independently in different subjects. One example is evolution of flight. While mapping the last common ancestor does not have that trait. As branch points split, a single characteristic is found in all the branch points. And in each branch, the character has evolved differently and independently. This is a strong explanation of convergent evolution. In insects, bats and birds, analogous structures i.e. wings developed. Wings have the same function in all these. It is important to note that their forelimbs are homologous structures; performing different functions. This suggests that limb development started from a common ancestor, but slowly, due to similar environmental conditions, all the limbs later adapted to flight. Such a characteristic is known as \'homoplasy\'. So, the strongest suggestion for convergent evolution from mapping a trait onto a phylogenetic tree would be \'homoplasy\' and \'analogous structures/organs\'..

1. 35. What would be a strong suggestion of convergent evolution from mapping a trait onto a
phylogenetic tree (think of how flight would map onto a phylogenetic tree of all animals)?
Solution
Convergent evolution means that a single character/trait has evolved independently in different
subjects. One example is evolution of flight.
While mapping the last common ancestor does not have that trait. As branch points split, a single
characteristic is found in all the branch points. And in each branch, the character has evolved
differently and independently. This is a strong explanation of convergent evolution. In insects,
bats and birds, analogous structures i.e. wings developed. Wings have the same function in all
these. It is important to note that their forelimbs are homologous structures; performing different
functions. This suggests that limb development started from a common ancestor, but slowly, due
to similar environmental conditions, all the limbs later adapted to flight. Such a characteristic is
known as 'homoplasy'.
So, the strongest suggestion for convergent evolution from mapping a trait onto a phylogenetic
tree would be 'homoplasy' and 'analogous structures/organs'.