There are many ways to realizing a second-order system. The following circuit, incorporating an operational amplifier configured as an inverting integrator, is an attractive implementation. This circuit is not limited by the amplifier\'s common-mode input voltage range and its performance is good at high frequencies. Determine the transfer fucntion, that is, the ratio of output to input, for this circuit. Solution Op amplifier can be used as a inverting or non inverting mode. Where inverting integrator is designed by applying input to the inverting terminal and output is taken across capacitor.