Pakstudies

GeneralSir Frank Walter Messervy KCIE, CB, CBE, DSO,
MC
KCBAugust 1947 - Feburary 1948
IA-38 GeneralDouglas David Gracey D (KCB, KCIE, CB,
CBE, MC)
February 1948 - April 1951
PA-10 Field MarshalMuhammad Ayub Khan HJ, NPk, HPk
(C-in-C)
17 January 1951 - 26 October1958
PA-28 GeneralMuhammad Musa HJ, HPk, HQA, MBE, (C-
in-C)
27 October1958 - 17 September1966

PA-98 GeneralAgha Muhammad Yahya Khan HPk, HJ,
SPk
18 September 1966 - 20 December1971
PA-457 GeneralGul HassanSQA, SPk (C-in-C)
Acting C-in-C 20 December1971-21 Jan1972
C-in-C 22 January 1972 - 2 March 1972
PA-124 GeneralTikka Khan HJ, HQA, SPk
3 March 1972 - 1 March1976
PA- 1810 GeneralMuhammad Zia-ul-Haq 1 March 1976 -17
August 1988

PA-4064 GeneralMirza Aslam Beg NI (M), S Bt
17 August 1988 - 16 August 1991
PA-5336 GeneralAsif NawazJanjua NI (M), S Bt
16 August 1991 - 8 January 1993
PA-5977 GeneralAbdul WaheedNI (M), S Bt
12 January 1993 - 12 January 1996
PA-6399 GeneralJehangirKaramat NI (M), T Bt
12 January 1996 - 7 October1998

PA-6920 GeneralPervezMusharraf NI (M), T Bt
7 October1998 - 29 November 2007
PA-12850 GeneralAshfaqParvez Kayani NI (M), HI
29 November 2007 - 29 November 2013
GeneralRaheelSharif NI (M), HI (M)
29 November 2013 - 29 November 2016
GeneralQamar javed Bajwa
29 November 2016 - Todate
. Liaquat Ali Khan (1896 – 1951)

In Office: 14 August 1947 – 16 October1951
Status: Elected democratically
PoliticalParty: Muslim League
TotalDuration: 4 Years, 2 Months, 2 Days
2. Sir Khawaja Nazimuddin (1894 – 1964)

In Office: 17 October1951 – 17 April 1953
TotalDuration: 2 Years exactly
3. Muhammad Ali Bogra (1909 – 1963)
In Office: 17 April 1953 – 12 August 1955
4. Chaudhry Muhammad Ali (1905 – 1980)

In Office: 12 August 1955 – 12 September 1956
TotalDuration: 1 Year, 1 Month exactly
5. Huseyn ShaheedSuhrawardy (1892 – 1963)
In Office: 12 September 1956 – 17 October1957
Status: Elected democractically
PoliticalParty: Awami League

TotalDuration: 1 Year, 1 Month, 5 Days
6. Ibrahim Ismail Chundrigar (1898 – 1968)
In Office: 17 October1957 – 16 December 1957
TotalDuration: 1 Month, 29 Days
7. Sir FerozKhan Noon(1893 – 1970)

In Office: 16 December 1957 – 7 October1958
PoliticalParty: Republican Party
TotalDuration: 9 Months, 21 Days
Post Abolished: 7 October 1958 – 7 December 1971
Total Duration of Abolishment: 13 Years, 2 Months exactly
8. Nurul Amin (1893 – 1974)

In Office: 7 December 1971 – 20 December 1971
PoliticalParty: Pakistan Muslim League
TotalDuration: 13 Days Only
Post Abolished: 20 December 1971 – 14 August1973
Total Duration of Abolishment: 1 Year, 7 Months, 25 Days
9. Zulfikar Ali Bhutto (1928 – 1979)
In Office: 14 August 1973 – 5 July 1977

PoliticalParty: Pakistan Peoples Party
Post Abolished: 5 July 1977 – 24 March 1985
Total Duration of Abolishment: 7 Years, 8 Months, 19 Days
10. Muhammad Khan Junejo (1932 – 1993)
In Office: 24 March 1985 – 29 May 1988
PoliticalParty: Independent; Pakistan Muslim League
Post Abolished: 29 May 1988 – 2 December 1988
Total Duration of Abolishment: 6 Months, 3 Days

11. Benazir Bhutto (1953 – 2007)
In Office: 2 December 1988 – 6 August 1990
TotalDuration: 1 Year, 8 Months, 4 Days
Ghulam Mustafa Jatoi(1931 – 2009)
In Office: 6 August 1990 – 6 November 1990

Status: Caretaker/Acting
PoliticalParty: None
TotalDuration: 3 Months exactly
12. NawazSharif (Born 1949)
In Office: 6 November 1990 – 18 April 1993
PoliticalParty: Pakistan Muslim League (N), Islami Jamhoori Ittehad *changed
later
BalakhSher Mazari (Born 1928)

In Office: 18 April 1993 – 26 May 1993
Nawaz’s SecondTerm:
In Office: 26 May 1993 – 18 July 1993
PoliticalParty: Pakistan Muslim League (N)
Moeenuddin Ahmad Qureshi (Born 1930)

In Office: 18 July 1993 – 19 October1993
TotalDuration: 3 Months, 1 Day exactly
Benazir’s SecondTerm:
In Office: 19 October1993 – 5 November 1996
TotalDuration: 3 Years, 17 Days
Malik Meraj Khalid (1916 – 2003)

In Office: 5 November 1996 – 17 February 1997
Nawaz’s Third Term:
In Office: 17 February 1997 – 12 October1999
Post Abolished:12 October 1999 – 20 November 2002
Total Duration of Abolishment: 3 Years, 1 Month, 8 Days

13. Zafarullah Khan Jamali (Born 1944)
In Office: 21 November 2002 – 26 June 2004
Status: Acting/Appointed by the President
PoliticalParty: Pakistan Muslim League (Q)
14. Chaudhry Shujaat Hussain (Born 1946)

In Office: 30 June 2004 – 20 August 2004
15. ShaukatAziz (Born 1949)
In Office: 20 August 2004 – 16 November 2007
Muhammad Mian Soomro (Born 1950)

In Office: 16 November 2007 – 25 March 2008
16. Yousaf Raza Gillani (Born 1952)

In Office: 25 March 2008 – 19 June 2012
17. Raja Pervaiz Ashraf (1950)
Raja Pervaiz Ashraf
In Office: 22 June 2012 – 25 March 2013
Status: Assumed Prime Minister’s role when his predecessor, YousufRaza Gilani
was disqualified by the Supreme Court of Pakistan on contempt of court charges.

PoliticalParty: Pakistan People’s Party
18. Mir Hazar Khan Khoso (1929)
Mir HazarKhan Khoso
In Office: 25 March 2013 – 4 June 2013
Status: Caretaker Prime Minister.
PoliticalParty: Independent

19. Mian Muhammad NazwazSharif (1949)
Mian NawazSharif
In Office: 5 June 2013 – continued
Status: Elected Prime Minister.
PoliticalParty: Muslim League (N)
Duration as of June 2013:9 months, 6 days and counting.
LongestTime Served by a Prime Minister: Yousuf Raza Gilani (4 Years, 2
Months, 25 Days). Previously, Liaquat Ali Khan served the longest
time as Prime Minister (4 Years, 2 Months, 2 Days). After aggregating Nawaz

Sharif’s three terms, his duration totals up to 4 years, 13 months and 57 days or 5
years, 2 month and 27 days. After aggregating Benazir Bhutto’s two terms, her
duration totals up to 4 years, 8 months and 21 days. Thus bothNawaz Sharif and
Benazir Bhutto are the longest non-consecutively serving prime ministers.
ShortestTime Served by a Prime Minister: Nurul Amin (13 Days) during 1971
Bangladesh-Pakistan War
1. IskanderMirza (1899–1969)
In Office: 23 March 1956 – 27 October1958
PoliticalParty: Republican Party
2. Ayub Khan (1907–1974)

In Office: 27 October1958 – 25 March 1969
Status: Military Dictator
3. Yahya Khan (1917–1980)

In Office: 25 March 1969 – 20 December 1971
4. Zulfikar Ali Bhutto (1928–1979)
In Office: 20 December 1971 – 13 August 1973
5. FazalIlahi Chaudhry (1904–1982)

TotalDuration: 5 Years, 1 Month, 3 Days
6. Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq (1924–1988)
In Office: 16 September 1978 – 17 August 1988
TotalDuration: 9 Years, 11 Months, 1 Day

7. Ghulam Ishaq Khan (1915–2006)
In Office: 17 August 1988 – 18 July 1993
TotalDuration: 4 Years, 11 Months, 1 Day
PoliticalParty: Independent
Wasim Sajjad(Born 1941)

In Office: 18 July 1993 – 14 November 1993
Status: Acting
8. FarooqLeghari(1940–2010)

In Office: 14 November 1993 – 2 December 1997
TotalDuration: 4 Years, 18 Days
Wasim Sajjad(Born 1941)
In Office: 2 December 1997 – 1 January 1998
TotalDuration: 29 Days
Status: Acting
9. Muhammad Rafiq Tarar (Born 1929)
In Office: 1 January 1998 – 20 June 2001

10. Pervez Musharraf(Born 1943)
In Office: 20 June 2001 – 18 August 2008
TotalDuration: 7 Years, 1 Month, 29 Days
PoliticalParty: Later affiliated with Pakistan Muslim League (Q)
Muhammad Mian Soomro (Born 1950)

TotalDuration: 22 Days
Status: Acting
11. Asif Ali Zardari (Born 1955)

In Office: 9 September 2008 – 8 September 2013
TotalDuration: 5 Years
PoliticalParty: Pakistan People’s Party
12. Mamnoon Hussain (Born 1940)
Mamnoon Hussain
In Office: 9 September 2013 – Incumbent
TotalDuration: 6 months, 3 days and counting

LongestTime Served by a DemocraticallyElectedPresident:Fazal Ilahi
Chaudhry (5 Years, 1 Month, 3 Days)
ShortestTime Served by a DemocraticallyElectedPresident: Zulfikar Ali
Bhutto (1 Year, 7 Months, 24 Days)
Number of DemocraticallyElectedPresidents:7
TotalDuration of DemocraticallyElected Presidents:22 Years, 37 Months, 95
Days or in aggregation 25 Years, 10 Months, 18 Days
LongestTime Served by a Military President: Ayub Khan (10 Years, 4 Months,
26 Days)
ShortestTime Served by a Military President: Yahya Khan (2 Years, 8 Months,
25 Days)
Number of Military Presidents: 4
SAARC Agricultural Centre (SAC), Dhaka
SAARC Tuberculosis Centre (STC), Kathmandu
SAARC Energy Centre (SEC), Pakistan
SAARC Disaster Management Centre (SDMC), India
SAARC Cultural Centre (SCC), Sri Lanka
SAARC Meteorological Research Centre (SMRC), Dhaka : Closed from
December 2015
SAARC Documentation Centre (SDC), New Delhi : Closed from December 2015
SAARC Human Resources Development Centre (SHRDC), Islamabad : Closed
from December 2015

SAARC Coastal Zone Management Centre (SCZMC), Maldives : Closed from
December 2015
SAARC Information Centre (SIC), Nepal : Closed from December 2015
SAARC Forestry Centre (SFC), Bhutan : Closed from December 2015
Currency Symbol Buying Selling
U.S. Dollar USD 107.80 108.10
Euro EUR 112.00 113.20
British Pound GBP 133.75 135.50
UAE Dirham AED 29.30 29.55
Saudi Riyal SAR 28.60 28.80
Kuwaiti Dinar KWD 340.50 343.00
CanadianDollar CAD 80.00 80.85
Australian Dollar AUD 77.75 78.55

Omani Riyal OMR 270.50 272.50
JapaneseYen JPY 0.87 0.90
MalaysianRinggit MYR 23.25 23.60
QatariRiyal QAR 28.60 28.95
Bahrain Dinar BHD 276.50 278.50
Thai Bhat THB 2.80 2.90
Chinese Yuan CNY 15.00 15.15
Hong Kong Dollar HKD 13.40 13.65
DanishKrone DKK 14.50 14.80
New Zealand Dollar NZD 72.55 73.25
Singapore Dollar SGD 73.75 74.55
Norwegians Krone NOK 11.90 12.15
SwedishKrona SEK 11.00 11.25
Swiss Franc CHF 101.20 102.10
Indian Rupee INR 1.50 1.57

ALLAMA IQBAL, NATIONAL ANIMAL OF PAKISTAN, NATIONAL
ANTHEM OF PAKISTAN, NATIONAL BIRD OF PAKISTAN, NATIONAL
SYMBOLS OF PAKISTAN, NATIONAL THINGS OF
PAKISTAN, PAKISTAN SYMBOLS,QUAID-E-AZAM
NationalSymbolsandThingsofPakistan
List ofall the national symbols,heroesand otherthings ofPakistanwithphotosand
othernecessarydetails.
195
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ListofNationalSymbolsandNationalThingsofPakistan
Every country has its own national symbols, national heroes and some other things
known as national identity. Here is a list of national symbols and national things
of Pakistan. National symbols of Pakistan were adopted at different times before
and after the existence of Pakistan.
NationalFlagofPakistan
Pakistan's National Flag comprises dark green colour with Crescent and Star in it
and a vertical white stripe. Green part shows the majority of Muslims and white
stripe represents minorities of Pakistan. Syed Amir ud Din Kidwai designed this
flag based on the flag of All India Muslim League. It was approved by Constituent
Assembly on 11 August, 1947.
National Flag of Pakistan
NationalEmblem/ LogoofPakistan
Below is national emblem of Pakistan. It was adopted in 1954. Its colour is green.
Crescent and Star is at the top while Urdu version of Quaid's Motto Faith, Unity

and Discipline (‫مان‬ ‫'ای‬ ‫حاد‬ ‫'ات‬ ‫یم‬ ‫نظ‬ ‫)ت‬ are written at bottom. In the centre, four major
crops ofthat time (cotton, wheat, tea and jute) are shown in a form of shield and
signify the importance of agriculture. This shield is surrounded with beautiful
floral design.
National Emblem of Pakistan
NationalAnthemofPakistan
"Pak Sarzamee ShadBaad...." is the national anthem of Pakistan. At the time of
Independence, Pakistan has not any national anthem. Ahmed Ghulam Ali Chagla
created the composition without lyrics. Later on., Abu Al Asar Hafeez Jullandhri
wrote its lyrics. National Anthem of Pakistan is unique as its music preceded its
lyrics. National Anthem was first time broadcaston Radio Pakistan on 13 August,
1954 while formally announced by government on 16 August 1954 followed by a
performance of 11 singers including Ahmed Rushdi.

National Anthem of Pakistan
NationalLanguageofPakistan
Urdu is national language of Pakistan while English is official language of
Pakistan. Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashto, Balochi, Seraiki and many other regional
languages are also spoken.

Alphabets of National Language Urdu
GreatLeader/Fatherofthe PakistaniNation
Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah is the founder of Pakistan. He is regarded
as father of the nation. Baba e Qaum and Quaid-e-Azam are his titles. He was a
lawyer by profession. Muhammad Ali Jinnah served the All India Muslim League
from 1913 till 14 August 1947. He was the first Governor General of Pakistan. He
died 11 September 1948 at the age of 71 years.

Quaid-e-Azam and Fatima Jinnah
Motherofthe PakistaniNation
Fatima Jinnah is regarded as the mother of Pakistani nation and known as Madr-i-
Millat. She was the younger sister of Quaid-e-Azam. She was a dental surgeon by
profession. She actively participated in independence movement with his brother.
After independence, she participated in politics of Pakistan. She died on 9 July
1967 at the age of 73 years.
NationalPoetofPakistan
Allama Muhammad Iqbal is the national poet of Pakistan. He was a great
poet, philosophy, scholar and leader of Pakistan Movement. He was poet of Urdu
and Persian languages. He was born in Sialkot. He gave the idea of Pakistan and
Pakistanis also known him as Musawar-e-Pakistan.

Dr. Allama Muhammad Iqbal
NationalMasjidofPakistan
FaisalMasjidIslamabad is the national masjid of Pakistan. It is the largest masjid
in Pakistan. It was designed by a Turkish Architect Vedat Dalokay in the form of a
desert tent. It is named after the late king of Saudi Arabia, Shah Faisal bin Abdul
Aziz. Faisal Masjid was completed in 1986. It has 4 minarets of 90m height, 5000
sq. meters is covered area. It has capacity of 74,000 persons in main areas while
another 200,000 persons in adjoining grounds.
Faisal Masjid Islamabad
NationalMonumentsofPakistan
PakistanMonument Islamabad and Bab-e-PakistanLahore are two national
monuments of Pakistan.
National Monument Islamabad was completed in 2007. It represents four provinces
and three territories of Pakistan. It is located on Shakar Parian Hills of Islamabad.
Bab-e-Pakistan (Gateway to Pakistan) is built on the site of a major refugee camp
at the time of dependence.

Pakistan Monument Islamabad
NationalLibraryofPakistan
NationalLibrary of Pakistan is located at Constitution Avenue, Islamabad. It
was inaugurated in 1993. It also serves as cultural centre of Islamabad and a
working place for Scholars and students.
NationalMausoleumofPakistan
Mazar-e-Quaid
NationalLibraryofPakistan
NationalLibrary of Pakistan is located at Constitution Avenue, Islamabad
NationalMonumentsofPakistan

PakistanMonument Islamabad and Bab-e-PakistanLahore are two national
monuments of Pakistan
NationalMasjidofPakistan
FaisalMasjidIslamabad
Development of early routes
1.1Early development
1.2Maritime trade
1.3Visible trade routes
2Historic trade routes
2.1Combined land and waterway routes
2.1.1Incense Route
2.1.2Pre-Columbian trade
2.2Predominantly overland routes
2.2.1Silk Road
2.2.2Grand Trunk Road
2.2.3Amber Road
2.2.4Via Maris
2.2.5Trans Saharan trade
2.3Predominantly maritime routes

2.3.1Roman-India routes
2.3.2Hanseatic trade
2.3.3From the Varangians to the Greek
2.3.4Maritime republics' Mediterranean trade
2.3.5Spice Route
3Modern routes
3.1Wagonway routes
3.2Railway routes
3.3Modern road networks
3.4Modern maritime routes
3.5Free trade areas
3.6Air routes
3.7Pipeline networks
1. Pakistan Ready-made Garments Manufacturers and Exporters Association
(PRGMEA).
2. Institute of Cost& Management Account-ants of Pakistan (ICMAP)
3. Lahore Chamber of Commerce and Industry (LCCI)
4. Pakistan Compliance Initiative (PCI)
5. World Trade Organisation (WTO)
6. Pakistan National Accreditation Council (PNAC)
7. Participation term certificates (PTCs).
8. The Export Credit Guarantee Insurance Corporation of India (ECGC)
9. South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)
10. Food Standard Agency (FSA)
11. Rice Exporters Association of Pakistan (REAP)

12. All India Rice Exporters Association (AIREA).
13. Historical land race (HLR)
14. Pakistan International Airlines (PIA)
15. The Sales Promotions Officers (SPO’s)
16. Free trade agreement (FTA)
17. Pakistan Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation (PICIC)
18. Export Promotion Bureau (EPB).
19. Multi-Fiber Agreement (MFA)
20. Foreign direct investment (FDI)
21. Overseas Investors Chamber of Commerce and Industry (OICCI)
22. The ResourceGroup (TRG)
23. Karachi StockExchange (KSE)
24. Sales Tax Automated Refund Repository (STARR)
25. Central Board of Revenue (CBR)
26. The National Productivity Organization (NPO)
27. Women Chamber of Commerce and Industry (WCCI)
28. Micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs)
29. Asian Productivity Organization’s (APO)
30. Technical Expert Services (TES)
31. Pakistan Software Export Board (PSEB)
32. Rice Research Institute (RRI)
33. Grain and Food Traders Association (GAFTA)
34. Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited (PTCL)
35. The Pakistan Telecommunication Authority (PTA)
36. Extra-departmental public call offices (ED-PCOs)
37. Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
38. Preferential Trade Agreement (PTA)
39. Export Development Fund (EDF)
40. The Pakistan Horticulture Development and Export Board (PHDEB)
41. Pakistan Cloth Exporters Association (APCEA).
42. National Telecommunication Corporation (NTC)
43. Frequency Allocation Board (FAB)
44. National Telecommunication Corporation (NTC)
45. Most favoured nation (MFN)
46. South Asian Free Trade Area (Safta)

47. The least developed countries (LDC)
48. Central Asian Republics (CARs)
49. Early harvest programme (EHP)
50. Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)
51. Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO)
52. Organisation of Islamic Countries (OIC)
53. Bilateral investment treaty (BIT)
54. Generalised system of preferences (GSP)
55. Korangi Association of Trade and Industry (KATI)
56. Afghan Transit Trade (ATT)
57. Joint Economic Commission (JEC)
58. Economic Advisory Group (EAG)
59. Small and Medium Enterprises Development Authority (Smeda)
60. Sarhad Chamber of Commerce and Industry (SCCI)
61. National Transmission and Dispatch Company (NTDC)
62. Independent Power Producers (IPPs),
63. Central Power Purchase Agent (CPPA)
64. World Bank (WB)
65. Wapda Power Privatisation Organisation (WPPO)
66. The Economic Affairs Division (EAD)
67. Islamic Development Bank (IDB)
68. Japan Bank for International Co-operation (JBIC)
69. The State Bank of Pakistan (SBP)
70. Forex Association of Pakistan (FAP)
71. China Home Textile Association (CHTA)
72. The Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan (SECP)
73. International Monetary Fund (IMF).
74. Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs)
75. Chief Executive Officer (CEO)
76. Software Architect Tour (SAT)
77. Pakistan Steel (PS)
78. Travel Agents Association of Pakistan (TAAP)
79. Staff Training Institute (STI)
80. Ministry of Industries and Production (MOIP)
81. Initial public offerings (IPOs)

82. Oil and Gas Development Company Limited (OGDCL)
83. Oil Companies Advisory Committee (OCAC).
84. Global Depository Receipts (GDRs)
85. National Fertiliser Development Corporation (NFDC),
86. Agricultural Development Bank (ADB),
87. Preson Desckon International (PDI)
88. Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority (PEMRA)
89. Trading Corporation of Pakistan (TCP)
90. Pakistan Sugar Mills Association (PSMA)
91. Federation of Pakistan Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FPCCI),
92. Medium Taxpayer Unit (MTU)
93. General sales tax (GST)
94. Federally Administered Tribal Areas (Fata),
95. Regional Commissioners of Income Tax (RCITs)
96. Large Taxpayers Units (LTUs)
97. The Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC)
98. The Central Development Working Party (CDWP)
99. Left Bank Outfall Drainage (LBOD)
100. Higher Education Commission (HEC)
101. Competitiveness Support Fund (CSP)
102. Drought Emergency Relief Assistance (DERA)
103. Pakistan Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR)
104. Karachi Electric Supply Corporation (KESC)
105. Energy National Hydro (ENI)
106. Central excise duty (CED)
107. Emirates Investment Group (EIG),
108. Emirates International Holdings (EIH)
109. Emirates Financial Holdings (EFH),
110. Project Preparation Facility (PPF)
111. Second Transmission Grid (STG).
112. Chairman Board of Investment (BoI)
113. Engineering Development Board (EDB)
114. Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine (AQSIQ)
115. The Privatisation Commission (PC)
116. Export Guarantee Fund of Iran (EGFI)

117. Letter of credits (LCs)
118. Textile Garments Skill Development Board (TGDB)
119. Trading Corporation of Pakistan (TCP)
120. Footwear Development Centres (FDCs)
121. National Tariff Commission (NTC).
122. Net domestic assets (NDA)
123. Net foreign assets (NFA)
124. Prime Transport Limited (PTL)
125. Pakistan National Accreditation Council (PNAC),
126. Pakistan Scientific Quality Control Authority (PSQCA)
127. National Productivity Organization (NPO)
128. Medium Term Development Framework (MTDF)
129. International Accreditation Forum (IAF)
130. International Laboratory Accreditation Forum (ILAF),
131. Mutual Recognition Agreement (MRA)
132. Pakistan American Business Association (PABA)
133. Trade and Investment Framework Agreement (TIFA)
134. The International Federation of Accountants (IFAC)
135. South Asian Federation of Accountants (SAFA)
136. Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP)
137. The American President Line (APL)
138. Business Industry Promotion Association of Pakistan (BIPAP)
139. Annual General Meeting (AGM)
140. Water and Sanitation Agency (WASA),
141. Nuclear Institute of Agriculture (NIA)
142. Pakistan Railways (PR)
143. International Sugar Organisation (ISO)
144. National Refinery Limited (NRL)
145. Lube Base Oils (LBOs)
146. HVI (High Viscosity Index)
147. Pakistan Tanners Association (PTA)
148. Pakistan Leather Garments Manufacturers and Exporters Association
(PLGMA).
149. Asia Pacific Leather Fair (APLF),
150. Education SectorReform Assistance Programme (ESRA)

151. School Enhancement Programme (SEP)
152. Whole District Initiative [WDI],
153. large scale manufacturing (LSM)
154. United Nations Commission on Trade and Development (Unctad)
155. Economic Co-ordination Committee (ECC)
156. Anti-smuggling Organisation (ASO)
157. National Highway Authority (NHA).
158. Colorado Women Chamber of Commerce and Industry (CWCCI)
159. International Labour Organisation (ILO).
160. Global Knowledge Center (GKC)
161. Institute of Logistic and Transport (CILT)
162. Grand Leisure Corporation (GLC)
163. Economic Affair Division (EAD)
164. Port Qasim Authority (PQA),
165. Export ProcessingZone (EPZ),
166. Engineering Development Board (EDB)
167. Export Market Development Fund (EMDF)
168. All Pakistan Textile Processing Mills Association (APTPMA).
169. Di-Ammonium Phosphate (DAP)
170. The Middle East and North Africa (MENA)
171. development finance institutions (DFIs)
172. Global Mobile Personal Communication Services (GMPCS)
173. Frequency Allocation Board (FAB)
174. Community of the Independent States (CIS)
175. National Electric Power Regulatory Authority (Nepra)
176. Japan External Trade Organisation (Jetro),
177. Pakistan Agriculture Research Council (PARC),
178. Pakistan Engineering Congress (PEC)
179. Fruits and Vegetable Processorsand Exporters Association (FVPEA)
180. Pakistan Intellectual Property Rights Organisation (Pipro).
181. Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka and Thailand — Economic
Cooperation (BIMSTEC)
182. Japan Bank for International Co-operation (JBIC),
183. The Pakistan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers' Association (PPMA)
184. Federal Investigation Agency (FIA)

185. National Database and Registration Authority (Nadra)
186. Computerised National Identity cards (CNIC),
187. Shangahi Cooperation Orgnaizaton (SCO),
188. International Crisis Group (ICG)
189. Soyabean Processors Association (SOPA)
190. Pakistan Tourism Development Corporation(PTDC)
191. National Financial Intelligence Centre (NFIC),
192. National Accountability Bureau (NAB)
193. International Finance Corporation (IFC)
194. Information and Communication Technology (ICT)
195. Pakistan Banks Association (PBA)
196. Pakistan Institute of Legislative Development and Transparency (PILDAT)
197. National Finance Commission (NFC).
198. The International Spring Trade Festival (ISTF)
199. Country Assistance Evaluation (CAE)
200. Farmers Associates Pakistan (FAP).

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