A packet is first of all considered to be as trhe unit of data that .pdf

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A packet is first of all considered to be as trhe unit of data that is shared between end to an end. The main nature of the packets is generally a lot of information is acquired or transferred like dfifferent files, graphics, html from one place to another place through internet, so it is not possible to send those information at a time. It will be divided in to some packets according to their size which is taken along them will be transferred through packets to the routers and we can take those informations to our gadjets or anything. It will change to different packets when they pass through the different layers of network packets. The packets are delivered from one place to another place by using differnt protocols like Transfer control protocol and user datagram protocol. These two are responsible for packet delivery through internet and this is how the information is passed from one work station to another by using packets. without these it is very difficult to transfer. Solution A packet is first of all considered to be as trhe unit of data that is shared between end to an end. The main nature of the packets is generally a lot of information is acquired or transferred like dfifferent files, graphics, html from one place to another place through internet, so it is not possible to send those information at a time. It will be divided in to some packets according to their size which is taken along them will be transferred through packets to the routers and we can take those informations to our gadjets or anything. It will change to different packets when they pass through the different layers of network packets. The packets are delivered from one place to another place by using differnt protocols like Transfer control protocol and user datagram protocol. These two are responsible for packet delivery through internet and this is how the information is passed from one work station to another by using packets. without these it is very difficult to transfer..

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With the growing number of smartphone end users, peer-to-peer ad hoc content giving is likely to occur often. Thus, new articles sharing mechanisms must be developed since traditional information delivery schemes will not be efficient with regard to content sharing due to the sporadic connectivity between smartphones on the market. To obtain data delivery such challenging environments, researchers include proposed the employment of store-carry-forward methodologies, in which a node stores a communication and holds it until a forwarding prospect arises through an encounter together with other nodes. Most past works in this field have dedicated to the conjecture of whether two nodes could encounter the other, without thinking about the place and also time from the encounter. In this particular paper, we propose to her discover-predict-deliver as a possible efficient articles sharing scheme for delay-tolerant touch screen phone networks. In this proposed scheme, contents are usually shared while using the mobility information of people. Specifically, our strategy employs the mobility understanding algorithm to spot places inside your own home and outdoor.

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Peer-to-peer (P2P) networks existing on a MANET are a natural evolution since both are decentralized and have dynamic topologies. As MANETs grow in use due to the increasing popularity of wireless mesh and 4G networks, it is expected that P2P applications will remain as a popular means of obtaining files. Network coding has been shown as an efficient means of sharing large Files in a P2P network. With network coding, all file blocks have the same relative importance. This paper presents an efficient content distribution scheme that uses network coding to share large files in a P2P overlay running on a MANET. Peers request file blocks from multiple server nodes and servers multicast blocks to multiple receivers, providing efficient multipoint-to-multipoint communication. Simulation results show that compared to other common download techniques, the proposed scheme performs very well, having lower download time and energy consumption. Also, more peers participate in uploading the file, resulting in greater fairness.

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1 ans : Ergonomics Definition : Ergonomics defines from two Greek words ergon means work and nomoi means a natural laws, to create a word that means the science of work and a person’s relationship to that work. It is a term thrown around by health professionals and marketing mavens with a cavalier attitude. For some it has a very specific meaning. The scientific discipline concerned with the understanding of interactions among humans and other elements of a system, and the profession that applies theory, principles, data and methods to design in order to optimize human well-being and overall system performance.It is the attempt to make work better that ergonomics becomes so useful. And that is also where making things comfortable and efficient comes into play. Ergonomics is commonly thought of in terms of products. But it can be equally useful in the design of services or processes. Implementation Developing and Implementing an Ergonomics Process and is written from the stand point of the early stages of initiating a process. The procedure begins with someone identifying the need and approaching management for support than the champion. Typically, the champion should gather data to provide management with justification for the project. Some of these topics were addressed in Section but are reiterated here to provide an overview of the entire strategy or plan of implementing a process. Once management has agreed to support the project, a sponsor is selected from upper management. The corporate office sponsor is responsible for writing a project charter that recognizes the business need for implementing an ergonomics process . The charter will provide written documentation of management’s commitment to the project, stating that safety and health is as important as production. Management should identify the appropriate cost account for the project and give an estimated budget for implementation. Management should also choose or recruit the project manager early in these stages so he or she may participate in the planning process. The champion may be assigned the position of project manager or another candidate may be recruited to fill the position. Depending on the organizational structure there may also be facility project managers. The charter should also provide for the formation of a multi-functional ergonomics team. Depending on the size of the company, there may be a committee at each facility. Management should provide documented authority to the manager and should authorize time and money expenditures for the committee. It is the responsibility of the project manager to assign and communicate responsibilities to the project . The ergonomics initiative is typically part of the health and safety department or the engineering department. In addition to the creation of the committee, management should outline its position on ergonomics in other areas. For example, ergonomics should be a consideration for all new product designs, tools, new f.

1 ans ErgonomicsDefinition Ergonomics defines from two Greek .pdf

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a) Binds to- dissociate from - operator - promoter. When the lactose is present it binds to the repressor and forms a confirmation change in it so that the repressor can no longer bind to the operator. And then RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region and allows transcription. Solution a) Binds to- dissociate from - operator - promoter. When the lactose is present it binds to the repressor and forms a confirmation change in it so that the repressor can no longer bind to the operator. And then RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region and allows transcription..

a) Binds to- dissociate from - operator - promoter.When the lactos.pdf

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A gastric or stomach ulcer is regularly caused by an infection with bacterium Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and long-term use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen and aspirin. 1. To detect an ulcer, first take a consideration of pre-medical history and execute a physical exam. 2. Laboratory tests for H. pylori : Blood tests are normally inaccurate and should not be regularly used and the breath test is the most accurate. For the breath test, eat or drink something containing radioactive carbon. H. pylori break down the material in the stomach. Later, blow into a bag, which is then sealed. If infected with H. pylori, your breath sample will contain the radioactive carbon in the form of carbon dioxide. Endoscopy was used to examine the upper digestive system. During endoscopy, passes a hollow tube equipped with a lens of endoscope down to throat and into esophagus, stomach and small intestine. This endoscope had revealed the ulcers in the stomach. If detects an ulcer, small tissue samples may be removed for examination in a lab for biopsy test. A biopsy also identify whether H. pylori is in the stomach lining. Solution A gastric or stomach ulcer is regularly caused by an infection with bacterium Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and long-term use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen and aspirin. 1. To detect an ulcer, first take a consideration of pre-medical history and execute a physical exam. 2. Laboratory tests for H. pylori : Blood tests are normally inaccurate and should not be regularly used and the breath test is the most accurate. For the breath test, eat or drink something containing radioactive carbon. H. pylori break down the material in the stomach. Later, blow into a bag, which is then sealed. If infected with H. pylori, your breath sample will contain the radioactive carbon in the form of carbon dioxide. Endoscopy was used to examine the upper digestive system. During endoscopy, passes a hollow tube equipped with a lens of endoscope down to throat and into esophagus, stomach and small intestine. This endoscope had revealed the ulcers in the stomach. If detects an ulcer, small tissue samples may be removed for examination in a lab for biopsy test. A biopsy also identify whether H. pylori is in the stomach lining..

A gastric or stomach ulcer is regularly caused by an infection with .pdf

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The Citric Acid Cycle is the single most effective way for plants to metabolize the \"nutrients\" that they receive. Unlike animals, plants find nutrition in the form of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and sunlight. There are many variations of the Citric Acid Cycle which help account for differences in sunlight (too much/too little) and Carbon Dioxide (too much/too little). Solution The Citric Acid Cycle is the single most effective way for plants to metabolize the \"nutrients\" that they receive. Unlike animals, plants find nutrition in the form of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and sunlight. There are many variations of the Citric Acid Cycle which help account for differences in sunlight (too much/too little) and Carbon Dioxide (too much/too little)..

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1.salbutamol sulfate (Ventolin):- the molecular formula of salbutamol sulfate (Ventolin) is (C13H21NO3)2 • H2SO4 o Mechanism of action:- It stimulates 2 adrenergic receptors. It has a bronchodilator effect. It causes the activation of enzyme adenyl cyclase, adenyl cyclase enzyme form cyclic AMP (adenosine-mono-phosphate) from ATP (adenosine-tri-phosphate). Bronchial smooth relaxes in the prsence of high level of cyclic AMP by which airway resistance decreases by lowering intracellular ionic calcium concentrations. Release of bronchoconstrictor mediators such as histamine, leukotreine from the mast cells in the airway inhibited by the high level of cyclic AMP. o side effects/adverse effects :-Its side effects/adverse effects depends on its dosage and route of administration. The most common side effects of salbutamol is found a fine tremor of skeletal muscle of hands and nervousness. Palpitation, tachycardia, chest discomfort, headache, muscle cramps, hypokalemia, difficulty in micturition and paradoxical bronchospasm also caused by salbutamol. o potential medication interactions:- It can be given as tablet, syrup, inhaler, nebulizer solution and intramuscular or intravenous injectable form. The medication of oral salbutamol is 2 to 4 mg three times a day in adult and 1 to 2 mg three times a day in children. As per the requirement the One to two puffs (100 to 200 microgram) of salbutamol metered dose inhaler is inhaled. As nebulizer solution 1 to 2 ml of salbutamol nebulizer solution should be diluted with normal saline to final volume of 2-4 ml is inhaled from a nebulizer. In severe acute attack, 5 to 10 ml (each ml contain 50 microgram) of salbutamol injection can be given by intramuscularly or intravenously. 2.Advair Diskus:- It is a combination of a corticosteroid and a beta2-adrenergic bronchodilator. Mechanism of action:- It contains both fluticasone propionate and salmeterol. They both have seprate mechanism of action given below:- For Fluticasone Propionate:- It has anti-inflammatory activity and it is a synthetic trifluorinated corticosteroid .In vitro it exhibit a binding affinity for the human glucocorticoid receptor. Asthma caused by inflammation, Corticosteroids acts on actions on multiple cell types like, mast cells, etc. For Salmeterol Xinafoate:- It is is a selective LABA.In vitro, it is 50 times more selective for beta2-adrenoceptors than albuterol. They are predominant adrenergic receptors found in bronchial smooth muscle. And in heart beta1-adrenoceptors are predominant, it is comprising 10% to 50% of the total beta-adrenoceptors. The beta2-adrenoceptor agonist drugs contains salmeterol, stimulates the intracellular adenyl cyclase, adenyl cyclase enzyme form cyclic AMP (adenosine-mono-phosphate) from ATP (adenosine-tri-phosphate). Higher level of c-AMP causes relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle and release of mediators is inhibited by immediate hypersensitivity from cells, especially from mast cells. salmeterol is a potent.

1.salbutamol sulfate (Ventolin)- the molecular formula of salbutamo.pdf

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Compco Systems Total payout next year = 4.86 billion.pdf

aquacare2008

Most scientists suspect that the reason of the dramatic crash of population of the snowshoe hare is the decline of winer food, an epidemic disease, while swimming hares cannot distinguish the small lakes and the large lkes, increase in territoriality. An area occupied by a mammal and defend against the invasion by other members of same species is called territory. In polyandry the females are larger and colourful than males. So the answer is d. Archaeopteryx is an extint bird like dinosaur which is an intermediate stage between non avian and reptiles. Solution Most scientists suspect that the reason of the dramatic crash of population of the snowshoe hare is the decline of winer food, an epidemic disease, while swimming hares cannot distinguish the small lakes and the large lkes, increase in territoriality. An area occupied by a mammal and defend against the invasion by other members of same species is called territory. In polyandry the females are larger and colourful than males. So the answer is d. Archaeopteryx is an extint bird like dinosaur which is an intermediate stage between non avian and reptiles..

Most scientists suspect that the reason of the dramatic crash of pop.pdf

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1) The first abstract suggest that predator / prey relationship outcome of P.fiesteria and rhodomonas is determined by presence and absence of specific bacterium that is a alpha- proteobacterium which have sequence similarity with roseobactor species present in toxic dianoflagellete species. In the presence of this bacterial isolate consumption of rhodomonas is increase that ultimately leads to the growth of Pfiesteria. Molecular analysis of ameboied stages of toxic culture of clonal P. fiesteria species by verious research group suggested that P. fiesteria species differe in response to fresh fish mucus, algal prey and inorganic nutrient enrichment depending on funtional type or toxicity status. There are three functional type of P. fiesteria ToxA, ToxB, NonIND depending upon their toxicity in the presence of fish, zoospore production and attraction to fish excreta and mucus. So, this study suggest that Non IND strain should not used for research about environment control on toxic strain of P fiesteria species. Right environment condition (overencrichment of nutrient (N&P) - P. fiesteria exposed to large number of finfish- increase toxin production- distroy fish epidermis- once fish dead- reduce its toxin production- feeds on the fish either as zoospores or other forms Whenenvironment condition change- finfish few or low in number - P.fiesteria become nontoxic or dormant P. fiesteria also effect people learning and reading capacity and couse other symptoms who are very close to the contaminated water such as fishermen. P. fiesteria growth is controlled by temperature and water quality. 3) Production of toxin, toxic activity and attraction to fresh fish tissue and excreta are the responsed that activated by signal in variably toxic strains of P.fiesteria. 4) inorganic nutrient enrichment, presence of fresh fish and algal prey cause the development of three strains 5) development of toxicity in Pfiesteria is caused by presence of fresh fish tissue and excreta and its couse death of live fish. ToxA cause maximum killing have strong attraction to live fish whereas Tox B has intermediate effect, and Non IND has negligible effect becouse have low attraction to fresh fish and maximum zoospore production capacity. 2) THE symbiotic relationship of bacteria with Pfiesteria control its growth and consumption of rhodomonas so to increase consumption of itself P.fiesteria adopt a colonization with bacteria. Solution 1) The first abstract suggest that predator / prey relationship outcome of P.fiesteria and rhodomonas is determined by presence and absence of specific bacterium that is a alpha- proteobacterium which have sequence similarity with roseobactor species present in toxic dianoflagellete species. In the presence of this bacterial isolate consumption of rhodomonas is increase that ultimately leads to the growth of Pfiesteria. Molecular analysis of ameboied stages of toxic culture of clonal P. fiesteria species by verious research group suggested th.

1) The first abstract suggest that predator prey relationship outc.pdf

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Sodium bicarbonate (Na+HCO3- ) is mildly alkaline and it reacts withacids: H+ + HCO3- =H2CO3 (carbonic acid) which is unstable inwater and breaks down into water & Carbon Dioxide : H2CO3(aq) --> H2O(l) + CO2 (g) . Inan open container at atmospheric pressure, the CO2 escapes, so thereaction is irreversible. Alka Seltzer must contain some mildacid in solid form, maybe acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin). When placed in water, the acid and bicarbonate react and fizz(CO2). Bicarbonate is useful in antacids for the same reason- stomach acid (HCl) reacts with the bicarbonate producing waterand carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide leaves (burp!) andonly water remains where there once was a strong acid. Solution Sodium bicarbonate (Na+HCO3- ) is mildly alkaline and it reacts withacids: H+ + HCO3- =H2CO3 (carbonic acid) which is unstable inwater and breaks down into water & Carbon Dioxide : H2CO3(aq) --> H2O(l) + CO2 (g) . Inan open container at atmospheric pressure, the CO2 escapes, so thereaction is irreversible. Alka Seltzer must contain some mildacid in solid form, maybe acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin). When placed in water, the acid and bicarbonate react and fizz(CO2). Bicarbonate is useful in antacids for the same reason- stomach acid (HCl) reacts with the bicarbonate producing waterand carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide leaves (burp!) andonly water remains where there once was a strong acid..

Sodium bicarbonate (Na+HCO3- ) is mildly alkaline.pdf

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Multiplicity refers to the number of signals in the NMR spectrum that correspond to a single proton. A proton can be \"split\" by neighboring protons. This means that the nuclear spin of one proton causes the spin of another to resonate at different frequencies. In the simplest case, a proton with one neighbor shows up as a doublet (two peaks) instead of one single line. The multiplicity of a signal is simply the number of such lines that correspond to a single proton (or a single set of equivalent protons). Solution Multiplicity refers to the number of signals in the NMR spectrum that correspond to a single proton. A proton can be \"split\" by neighboring protons. This means that the nuclear spin of one proton causes the spin of another to resonate at different frequencies. In the simplest case, a proton with one neighbor shows up as a doublet (two peaks) instead of one single line. The multiplicity of a signal is simply the number of such lines that correspond to a single proton (or a single set of equivalent protons)..

Multiplicity refers to the number of signals in t.pdf

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Three major parts of brainstem are midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata. Pons is present between midbrain and medulla oblongata. Medulla controls breathing, blood pressure and heart rate. Pons has tracks for signals to transfer fron cerebellum to the cerebrum. Mid brain controls vision and hearing. The three major parts of diencephalon are thalamus, hypothalamus and epithalamus. Thalamus is the egg shaped structure. Hypothalamus is called the master gland. Pineal gland is part of epithalamus. Solution Three major parts of brainstem are midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata. Pons is present between midbrain and medulla oblongata. Medulla controls breathing, blood pressure and heart rate. Pons has tracks for signals to transfer fron cerebellum to the cerebrum. Mid brain controls vision and hearing. The three major parts of diencephalon are thalamus, hypothalamus and epithalamus. Thalamus is the egg shaped structure. Hypothalamus is called the master gland. Pineal gland is part of epithalamus..

Three major parts of brainstem are midbrain, pons and medulla oblong.pdf

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The future value of investment is calculated as follows Future value = Present value ( 1+ interest rate) n $ 18,205 = $ 4500 ( 1+r)10 ( 1+r)10 = 4.0456 r = 15% The annual rate of return to earn on this investment = 15% Solution The future value of investment is calculated as follows Future value = Present value ( 1+ interest rate) n $ 18,205 = $ 4500 ( 1+r)10 ( 1+r)10 = 4.0456 r = 15% The annual rate of return to earn on this investment = 15%.

The future value of investment is calculated as followsFuture valu.pdf

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The patient is susceptive to pneumococcal bacteremia while she was taking amoxicillin from starting. It is showing that patient has acquired an immunity against any bacteria; if the acquire immunity is coming from mother. May be her mother was treated against bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae for Diphtheria for that an immunity against the antibiotic penicillin or erythromycin may be developed in the bacterium. That can be happened by high dose or break of dose or long term dose. That resistivity for bacteria is retained in mother immune system; through suggesting penicillin or erythromycin as an antigen for body. Such immunity then carried through mother to her and now after some time even in normal doses the susceptibility has developed for pneumococcus bacterium in Wanda. Solution The patient is susceptive to pneumococcal bacteremia while she was taking amoxicillin from starting. It is showing that patient has acquired an immunity against any bacteria; if the acquire immunity is coming from mother. May be her mother was treated against bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae for Diphtheria for that an immunity against the antibiotic penicillin or erythromycin may be developed in the bacterium. That can be happened by high dose or break of dose or long term dose. That resistivity for bacteria is retained in mother immune system; through suggesting penicillin or erythromycin as an antigen for body. Such immunity then carried through mother to her and now after some time even in normal doses the susceptibility has developed for pneumococcus bacterium in Wanda..

The patient is susceptive to pneumococcal bacteremia while she was t.pdf

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The Enthalpy of fusion, or heat of fusion is the change in enthalpy resulting from the addition or removal of heat from 1 mol of substance to change its state from a solid to liquid ( i.e. MELTING process). It is also called the latent heat of fusion, and the temperature at which it occurs is called the Melting point. Solution The Enthalpy of fusion, or heat of fusion is the change in enthalpy resulting from the addition or removal of heat from 1 mol of substance to change its state from a solid to liquid ( i.e. MELTING process). It is also called the latent heat of fusion, and the temperature at which it occurs is called the Melting point..

The Enthalpy of fusion, or heat of fusion is the change in enthalpy .pdf

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//Tested on ubuntu,Linux #include #include #include #include //for getpid() #include //for wait /*Main function start*/ void main(int argc, char *argv[]) { pid_t pid;//storing process id int i; int status = 0; /*Start for loop*/ for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) { pid=fork();//forking process if (pid == 0)// child process { /*Printing file name and process Id*/ printf(\"Filename: %s PID: %d\ \",argv[i],getpid()); return; }else{ pid = wait(&status);//waiting for child process to complete } }/*End for loop*/ printf(\"done!\ \"); } /*Main function End*/ /************output**************/ gopal@gopal:~/Desktop/chegg$ gcc fork.c -o program2 gopal@gopal:~/Desktop/chegg$ ./program2 *.c Filename: Calculator.c PID: 22742 Filename: char2dArray.c PID: 22743 Filename: client.c PID: 22744 Filename: commandLine.c PID: 22745 Filename: directory.c PID: 22746 Filename: dLinkedList.c PID: 22747 Filename: duplicateArrayRemove.c PID: 22748 Filename: fileReading.c PID: 22749 Filename: fork.c PID: 22750 Filename: hailstone.c PID: 22751 Filename: hello.c PID: 22752 Filename: interest.c PID: 22753 Filename: inventory.c PID: 22754 Filename: largeNumber.c PID: 22755 Filename: lscat.c PID: 22756 Filename: main.c PID: 22757 Filename: nestedLoop.c PID: 22758 Filename: Person.c PID: 22759 Filename: prime.c PID: 22760 Filename: railCiper.c PID: 22761 Filename: random.c PID: 22762 Filename: readFile.c PID: 22763 Filename: rollercoaster.c PID: 22764 Filename: server.c PID: 22765 Filename: simple-cat.c PID: 22766 Filename: simple-ls.c PID: 22767 Filename: sumRecursion.c PID: 22768 Filename: Tree.c PID: 22769 done! gopal@gopal:~/Desktop/chegg$ ./program2 Person.c server.c Filename: Person.c PID: 22814 Filename: server.c PID: 22815 done! Thanks a lot Solution //Tested on ubuntu,Linux #include #include #include #include //for getpid() #include //for wait /*Main function start*/ void main(int argc, char *argv[]) { pid_t pid;//storing process id int i; int status = 0; /*Start for loop*/ for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) { pid=fork();//forking process if (pid == 0)// child process { /*Printing file name and process Id*/ printf(\"Filename: %s PID: %d\ \",argv[i],getpid()); return; }else{ pid = wait(&status);//waiting for child process to complete } }/*End for loop*/ printf(\"done!\ \"); } /*Main function End*/ /************output**************/ gopal@gopal:~/Desktop/chegg$ gcc fork.c -o program2 gopal@gopal:~/Desktop/chegg$ ./program2 *.c Filename: Calculator.c PID: 22742 Filename: char2dArray.c PID: 22743 Filename: client.c PID: 22744 Filename: commandLine.c PID: 22745 Filename: directory.c PID: 22746 Filename: dLinkedList.c PID: 22747 Filename: duplicateArrayRemove.c PID: 22748 Filename: fileReading.c PID: 22749 Filename: fork.c PID: 22750 Filename: hailstone.c PID: 22751 Filename: hello.c PID: 22752 Filename: interest.c PID: 22753 Filename: inventory.c PID: 22754 Filename: largeNumber.c PID: 22755 Filename: lscat.c PID: 22756 Filename: main.c PID: 22757 Filename: nestedLoop.c PID: 22758 Filena.

Tested on ubuntu,Linux#include stdio.h #include string.h.pdf

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SRP: Signal recognition particle. The signal recognition particle (SRP) is an abundant, cytosolic, universally conserved ribonucleoprotein (protein-RNA complex) that recognizes and targets specific proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotes and the plasma membrane in prokaryotes (Walter, 1981). So this is notan example of a gated channel or membrane pore. So the option ( C ) is correct. Solution SRP: Signal recognition particle. The signal recognition particle (SRP) is an abundant, cytosolic, universally conserved ribonucleoprotein (protein-RNA complex) that recognizes and targets specific proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotes and the plasma membrane in prokaryotes (Walter, 1981). So this is notan example of a gated channel or membrane pore. So the option ( C ) is correct..

SRP Signal recognition particle. The signal recognition particle (S.pdf

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Some of the various financial position found in most hotels are: Recording Revenue- In the hospitality industry, revenue recognition is fairly straightforward. For both restaurants and hotels, revenue is earned when the meal or the hotel stay occurs. It is important to note that reservations often include a deposit for the first night\'s stay. As this deposit has not yet been earned, these deposits are not revenue yet. Payments received for deposits are considered deferred revenue until they are earned. Costs of Sales- Major costs in the hospitality industry include costs of food and labor. Food costs, depending on the type of restaurant or resort, can be nearly half of a company\'s expenses. Costs of sales should be recorded in line with revenue recognized. For example, if a company serves 2,500 hamburgers in August that cost the company $4,000 and recognized $10,000 in revenue in August, then the cost of the hamburgers should be recognized in August as well. This entry would be recorded as a debit to cash and a credit to revenue for $10,000, as well as a debit to cost of sales and a credit to inventory for $4,000. Food that was unprepared as of the end of the month remains in inventory on the balance sheet. Operating Expenses- Non-guest and patron costs of the company are reflected in the company\'s operating expense accounts. When operating costs are incurred the company will make a debit to operating expenses and a credit to cash or accounts payable, depending on whether the purchase was made via cash or credit, respectively. Common operating expenses in the hospitality industry are rent, insurance and non-client service salary expenses. Capital Purchases- Serving meals or taking care of hotel guests usually requires a fair amount of equipment. Industrial linen washers, stove tops, mixers and computers are all viewed as capital expenditures. These items, which benefit more than one accounting period, are recorded with a debit to fixed assets and a credit to cash at the time of purchase. Over the useful life of the equipment the item is depreciated. Depreciation entries are made with a debit to depreciation expense and a credit to accumulated depreciation. The accumulated depreciation and the fixed asset account offset each other on the company\'s financial statements, so the equipments\' value is always reported as cost less accumulated depreciation. accounting division -the hotel division responsible for keeping track of the many business transactions that occur in the hotel and managing the hotel\'s finances. assets - resources available for use by a business, i.e, anything owned by the business that has monetary value average daily rate (ADR) - a key rooms department operating ration: rooms revenue divided by number of rooms sold, Also called average room rate balance sheet - a financial statement that provide information on the financial position of a hotel by showing its assets, liabilities and equity on a given date capture rate - T.

Some of the various financial position found in most hotels areRe.pdf

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Retroactive interference: when you learn some new things this memory sometimes makes you to forget you old memories. Same like in the above case, after seeing the criminals directly they forgot the criminals they have seen in mugshots. Solution Retroactive interference: when you learn some new things this memory sometimes makes you to forget you old memories. Same like in the above case, after seeing the criminals directly they forgot the criminals they have seen in mugshots..

Retroactive interference when you learn some new things this memory.pdf

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Ques-7: Viruses contain DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) or RNA (ribonucleic acid) as their genetic material, and they reproduce in the host cells. Bacteriophage is a type of virus that can infect bacteria and inject its genome into the host, the bacteria then produces dozens of viral lineages. Retrovirus such as HIV (human immune deficiency virus) reproduces in a different way, as they contain reverse transcriptase enzyme. In this, a complementary DNA is transcribed from the RNA genome, and it is called as DNA provirus. The rate of evolution in RNA-based viruses (microcosm), like HIV-1 has million times higher mutation rate when compared to that of DNA-based organisms (bacteria humans etc). It can rapidly changes its genome components under biological conditions to acquire adaptations for survival (resistance against drugs, immune components) in the biological host cell medium compared to the DNA based organisms in which lower rate of evolutionary adaptations were observed. This property of high genomic mutation rate in HIV-1 retrovirus is due to the following mechanisms. Viral genome transcribe via reverse transcription finally proved HIV-1 mRNA (after splicing) with Rev 350 nucleotide sequences. These Rev produced once the viral mRNA transferred to the cytoplasm from the nucleus for translation. Virulence is the factor of causing extensive damage to the host cell and infecting new host cell in which pathogen is going to undergo extensive rate of reproduction & phase variation along with genome modification to defend host immune system. This is the main basis of evolution and an example ahs described below. Several mutated viral lineages are produced due to the nucleotide integration into the host cells & change their genome finally code for the enzymatic proteins such as reverse transcriptase, ribonuclease, and integrase in order to promote severe multiplication of integrated host genome with viral protein predominanlty result in several lineages (multiple capies of virions). For example: Viral evolution mechanism with new genome & producetion of several viral lineages 1. After viral particle entry, viral genome integrates into the host cell genome and replicate followed by expression. Later the novel synthesized viral proteins are going to be transported to specific sites for assembly into progeny virus thereby-----> more assembly/progeny 2. Even though viral assembly is going to takes place in the host cell plasma membrane, but a variety of viral genomes initiate assembly in intracellular organelles or nucleus predominantly. Thereby further particle/plaque forming units associate with exocytosis of the viral and host cell integrated genome after lysis. Finally again mature viral lineages are going to target new cells. Reverse transcriptase induced complementary DNA synthesis followed by mRNA synthesis for viral protein -coding repoitre. This enzyme enables to produce more viral genome particle by integrating into the host cell followed by vir.

Ques-7Viruses contain DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) or RNA (ribonuc.pdf

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