Body Image And Eating Disorders

Body Image And Eating Disorders
Body Image and Eating Disorders
Females and males are both under pressure to conform to societies idea of beauty. Women feel
pressure to be thin, big chested, while men feel the urge to be lean and muscular. Society portrays
these images of thinness and muscularity through media, magazines, and even toys. These images
can have an impact on peoples body images, which can lead to eating disorders such as Anorexia
nervosa and Bulimia nervosa. Body Image is the way you see your body, and how you feel about
your appearance. There are four key proponents associated with Body Image. The first aspect is
Perceptual Body Image. This is how you see your body, this may not always be a correct
representation of how one really looks. For example, one may see themselves as fat, when in reality
they're thin. The next aspect is Affective Body Image, this is how you feel about your body. Third is
Cognitive Body Image, which is how you think about your body. The final aspect is Behavioral
Body Image, which is "behaviors in which you engage as a result of your Body Image". Body Image
has two forms. The two forms are Negative and Positive Body Image. Positive Body Image "occurs
when a person is able to accept, appreciate, and respect their body Image. It is important because its
one of the protective factors which can make a person more resilient to developing eating
disorders". People with positive body image often have high self esteem, self acceptance, and a
happy outlook on life.
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Objectification Of Women In The Fashion Industry
Objectification of women is not something new in today's society but has been an issue for many
years, ranging from advertisements in the 1950's telling women what they had to do in order to be
the perfect wife to the advertisements today telling women to look a certain way. Everyone is
constantly surrounded by advertisements, they are on the television, in magazines, on the sides of
buses and buildings and all around us on the internet. There is no way to escape these
advertisements, as Jean Kilbourne said "The average American is exposed to over 3,000 ads every
single day and will spend two years of his or her life watching television commercials." Many
people only notice that women are being objectified in beauty and fashion advertisements, as this is
the most common places. However, this is sadly not true, women are used as a tool of
advertisements for food, cars, beer and even by organizations such as PETA. However, this is still
the biggest area of concern for women. This essay aims to address how the fashion industry is
objectifying women, through advertisements aimed at females and advertisements aimed at males.
To begin, the lingerie industry is guilty for portraying only thin, white women. An advertisement
from Victoria secret in 2014, titled "the perfect body" (Luxen, 2017) was released and caused a
massive uproar. The advertisement was titled the perfect body but did not show more than one body
type, it showed 10 skinny Victoria secret models, and only showed

The Advertisements For Gucci 's Perfume And Calvin Klein
According to Miya Yamanouchi, the author of Embrace Your Sexual Self, "Both men and women
experience pressure to conform to social standards of attractiveness. Men to look strong and be
tough, women to look pretty and soft." Stereotypes affect every gender in the society because people
have a prejudice on themselves and others. In "Men's Men and Women's Women," written by Steve
Craig, addresses the expectations that the society places on men and women. For instance, men must
be masculine and wealthy and women must have a perfect body shape with beautiful facial features
to be considered as attractive. Nowadays, the advertisements are taking advantage of such a social
norm to lure consumers to purchase their goods. The advertisements for Gucci's perfume and Calvin
Klein's cologne are especially good examples to demonstrate such pressure and reflect the
consumers' psychological behavior. The advertisements highlight gender stereotypes through
utilizing the impression of opposite sex and incorporate an underlying sense of sexism through the
designs of the backgrounds, the purpose of wearing fragrances and the reinforcements on Women's
Men and Men's Men; these advertisements contribute to the consumers' perception of their physical
appearance by delivering a fraudulent image of perfection through their models.
The effects of the chosen background designs of Gucci's and Calvin Klein's advertisements
influence the focus of the subjects in the promotions, consequently targeting the

The Impact Of Media Exposure On Self-Esteem And Body...
Russello, Salenna (2009) "The Impact of Media Exposure on Self–Esteem and Body Satisfaction in
Men and Women," Journal of Interdisciplinary Undergraduate Research: Vol. 1 , Article 4.
This collegiate journal entry explains a study that investigates the effects of media coverage on men
and women's body satisfaction and self confidence. The author writes about the exceptionally
ridiculous standards of physical attractiveness for society to live by. Women are pressured to appear
slim and toned while men are expected to be more muscular and toned. Rusello writes that media
can affect people differently more than others, and that there are ways to help them change those
negative effects of the social media environment. This gave me a more informed perspective that
people will react differently to social media, even though we shouldn't allow the media from
pressuring change in ourselves.
Wynn, Brittani D. The Impact of Media on Body Images of Young Women.
opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1609&context=gs_rp.
This study shows that social media can not only affect women now but also in their adolescent
stages regarding their ideal body image and their connection to the influence of the media. This
study is divided into five different parts, from the modifications done to models to the different
kinds of marketing strategies used in advertisements to portray certain expectations. The second
part, discusses how the media is an important part of our culture, and how

Research Paper On Meret Oppenheim
"I didn't feel any pleasure from causing a scandal. When at age 17, I understood that women have
always been a commodity since the dawn of time, that they were kept dependent on men...I was
scandalized myself." –Meret Oppenheim, 1974.
Throughout her life, different individuals and camps have claimed artist Meret Oppenheim as being
their own particular dream girl. For Man Ray, she was the ideal female body, modelling nude for
several of his most well–known photographs. To the Surrealists, she was a muse that provided
intelligence and inspiration to its male members. During the 1970s, she was hailed by feminists and
art historians as being a great "woman artist" making work that was symptomatic of her female
condition. As a result, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These words such as "dirty, soiled, stained, damaged" are crucial to understanding the complexity of
Oppenheim's image making as the materials that lie at the very forefront of the viewer's attention are
not white–they are the scuffed, dusty brown platforms that dominate the top view of the shoes.
Vastly different from the innocent–looking white leather, the platforms reveal the shame that society
can smear on a woman who no longer is a virgin. Although Meret Oppenheim was against Freudian
psychology, it is hard to escape the insinuations of the Madonna–whore complex in Ma
Gouvernante. According to his theory, Freud claims that men organize women in two categorizes
based on the state of their sexual experience. Famously declared in On Sexuality he writes, "Where
such men love they have no desire and where they desire they cannot love" Because of this division
of love and desire, barriers are placed on women by designating them as either respectably pure, or
lustfully tainted. Taking this problem into consideration, Oppenheim fully represents how a woman
cannot escape the labels: although a whore can appear saintly, and a Madonna can seem carnal, she
will always be classified as being physically one or the other. Correspondingly so, in Ma
Gouvernante, the scratches and scarring on the platforms degrade the high heels by defining them as
being worn–out, and in becoming used, the spotless white of the shoe's outer covering appears
sarcastically ingenuine. Clearly, it seems that Oppenheim in her dichotomous representations of the
Madonna and whore only underscores the limitations of the lingual framework that ties a woman's
reality to her bodily

The Psychology of Attraction: Why We Like Who We Like Essay
"Attraction: 1.n. the power or act of attracting; 2.a desirable or pleasant quality or thing" (Merriam–
Webster, 2015). Taken directly from Merriam–Webster's Dictionary, this definition states in clear,
scientific terms what attraction is. However, as every human knows, the power of attraction goes far
beyond this cut and dried statement, reaching deep into our psyche, as well into our past. In this
paper, the processes of attraction, its evolutionary roots and modern day implications are studied, in
an attempt to answer the question "what causes us to be attracted to someone"?
Discussion In the search for an answer, one must begin at the beginning– that is, at the beginning of
the human race. At this time, life was merely ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He hypothesized that if a female somehow became genetically programmed to be sexually attracted
to males with a certain structure, one that would give those males some advantage at surviving, they
would thereby gain an additional advantage because they would now transmit their genes to more
offspring, who would in turn survive better and also be chosen by a female with such a preference,
and so on and so on. In the second theory, proposed by Israeli zoologist Amotz Zahavi, the fact
many structures functioning as body sexual signals are "so big or conspicuous that they constitute a
health hazard to their owner, and also cost a lot of biosynthetic energy to grow. As a result, any
creature surviving such a handicap is, in effect, boasting that they must have terrific genes in other
respects" (Diamond, 2012). The final theory, "Advertising", is similar to Zahavi's theory, and was
proposed by American zoologists Astrid Kodric– Brown and James Brown. It states that costly body
structures (such as muscles and breasts) represent a honest advertisement of quality because an
inferior animal could not afford the cost (Diamond, 2012 p.79). All three theories provide some
insight as to why these preferences evolved. There are two main components to physical cues, faces
and

The Rise in the Number of Girls Suffering from Anorexia...
Statistics are often a bit of a hazard, but when it comes to those concerning an illness characterised
by discretion, dishonour and deception, even that is an understatement. Statistics show a 60% rise in
the number of young girls admitted to hospital with anorexia in England and disturbingly still rising.
The mythology encompassing anorexia is a self–inflicted condition brought on by narcissism.
Narcissism is a misinterpretation of what is, in reality, a life threatening disease whose cause
remains obscure, whose treatment is inaccurate and whose classification is random. Anorexia kills
more of its sufferers than any other illness. And it is vital we feed our society with greater
knowledge of this critical disease to ensure that it doesn't eat away the security and sustainability of
our future generations.
Anorexia nervosa is an illness which predominately attacks teenage girls or women in their early
adult years. When they look into a mirror, they don't see athin body; they see a revoltingly
overweight body. Anorexia is a mental illness and must be treated. It is also a physical illness, an
illness similar to starvation. Anorexic young women may feel dizzy and tired constantly, may lack
emotional warmth, develop a gloomy personality, the everlasting symptoms of this bizarre suffering
are never–ending. Though its symptoms are endless, but its cause? Veiled.Some claim that the media
has a vigorous affluence on society, other prevail that it is down to free will of the

A Study On Eating Disorders
Part 3: The Research Paper At least "every 62 minutes someone dies" as a direct result from
suffering an eating disorder ("EDC 1"). Eating disorders like binge eating, Bulimia, and Anorexia,
include strange behaviors when it comes to food.Eating disorders affects their mentality, and how
the person visually looks like. Some eating disorders are caused by stress which eventually ends up
leading to depression. Many eating disorders are caused because of how the media glorifies them. In
all the magazines all the women are extremely thin which causes many women and young adults to
get Bulimia, Anorexia or any other types of eating disorders.There is a good percentage of people
which are in denial about their eating disorder, because they don ... Show more content on
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When these feelings last for a short period of time, it may be a case of "the blues." (Barbee J. G. 1)."
Those with eating disorders believe that they don 't fit in with the rest of society. In order for the
depression to improve achieving a certain a certain body type will ease the way they feel. While
eating disorders may first "appear to be solely about food and weight preoccupations", people
suffering from eating disorders often try to use food and the control of food to cope with feelings
and emotions that may otherwise seem overwhelming ("Barbee J.G"2). Being able to control
something in their lives make them feel better, therefore, makes them feel less discouraged. Those
diagnosed mentally feel lonely, and assume that nobody can relate with them. Depression is a way
that many people cope with their eating disorders. Having an eating disorder modifies the way
others view each other. People now believe that what is shown on the internet is the ideal body
image for everybody. In reality the body type "portrayed in advertising as the ideal is possessed
naturally by only 5% of American females" ("Eating Disorder Statistics 1"). Our media's increased
obsession with the thin–ideal and industry promotion of a "perfect" body may contribute to
unrealistic body ideals in people with and without eating disorders. Success and worth are often
identified with being thin in popular culture. Success is often confused with losing weight

The Effects of Media on Body Image and Body Dissatisfaction.
The current study looked to find out whether there were higher numbers of unrealistic adverts in
relation to body image in the media than realistic. Also, whether or not there were a higher number
of unrealistic adverts in female media in relation to body image than in male media. This was
carried out by looking at a number of adverts in different male and female health magazines and
scoring the amount of unrealistic or realistic adverts found. The results found that there was no
significant difference between the amounts of unrealistic/ realistic adverts on body image in the
female magazines compared to the male magazines. On the other hand, the results showed a
significant difference between the amount of unrealistic images shown in the ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The liking and the consumption of red peppers was assessed before and after the experiment. The
results showed that the mere exposure based group significantly increased both liking and
consumption in contrast to the control group. Therefore suggesting that the mere exposure theory
can cause a person to like a certain stimuli more after repeated exposure. [3]
Another study looked at the effects of media images on television and the effects it has on female's
perception of their body image. In this study, the participants were asked how many hours of
television they watched a day, then how many of these programmes were ones with characters in
that have 'perfect' physiques, such as 90210 etc. then the bmi of each participant was taken and was
compared with how much television they watched and how much of this television contained media
of body images. The results in this study suggested that the media did have an impact on body
dissatisfaction. Adolescent girls based their ideal body images on characters on the television that
have the 'perfect skinny' body image. When the participants questioned their body image after the
exposure, it made them feel worse about themselves and strive to have the 'perfect' body image. [4]
There also seems to be a lot more media in relation to the 'perfect' female body image compared to
the male body image. Also, a lot more females seem to be known for having eating disorders in the
media than males.
One study showed

Fashion At The Edge, By Gaby Wood
In Caroline Evans' book, Fashion at the Edge, she looks at the fashions from all ages but goes most
deeply into the fashion of the 1990's and the themes that were very apparent in that particular time.
She expands on these themes in chapters throughout her book such as Deathliness, Spectacle, Horror
and Glamour. She relates all these themes back to the influences of the 20th century and the rise of
the commodity obsessed culture, modernism and capitalism and the metaphorical death it brings to
our world. This essay will focus on the image of 'Dolly Mixture' that was featured in a fashion
spread in 2000 that was written by Gaby Wood, which is found in the Deathliness chapter. I will
review Evans' chapter and her analysis of the themes and idea proposed by Evans herself and other
theorists. I will use these themes and ideas to make my own predictions about the effects these
theories would have on the future of our society and our fashion here in New Zealand.
Evans starts the chapter of with exploring the idea of living dolls. She explains that these living dolls
are actually human beings, mostly women that are becoming or have become objects through the
course of modeling clothes. There are several European designers who have seen this issue and have
played on this idea in the late 1990's, such designers like Martin Margiela, Alexander McQueen and
Hussein Chalayan. They replaced real life models with dummies, as they called it, or by using the
model to resemble a dummy by

The Negative Effects Of The Barbie Syndrome
"Picture yourself as the 'perfect' woman. Embodying every woman's dream. You are undeniably
gorgeous, weighing in at 100 pounds, standing 6 feet tall and holding nearly 150 careers" (Barbie
History). This is the inspirational, ever so beloved childhood toy, the perfect Barbie Doll. Barbie is
America's most loved toy, considering many young girls at least owned one or more Barbies
throughout their childhood.These young girls looked up to Barbie as their role model throughout
life, which lead to them comparing themselves to Barbie. The 'Barbie Syndrome' is an definite
culprit of girls' persistent desire to strive for perfection. Barbie's unrealistic beauty and extraordinary
lack of diversity has lead to many negative effects within women in today's society, including a
ceaseless desire to be perfect, and overall lower rates of self–esteem. Throughout the years the
Barbie Company decided to fix this mistake by creating a plethora of different Barbies, to try to
raise women's self–esteem. Starting with Barbie's debut, she has been influencing young girls'
perceptions of beauty, when in reality Barbie's body, measures 18–33–39 (waist, hips, bust),which
would be unable to bear a children, and she would have been unable to hold up her own neck and
back . Also in reality, she would have been disproportioned and need to crawl on all fours to get to
place. Regardless of popular belief, it seems as if Barbie is not perfect after all, and has flaws like
any human being.

Media 's Influence On Female Body Image
Today, we are always surrounded by a variety of media and we identify ourselves in parts of those
images we see. Media believes women should look like Victoria Secret models: tall, lean, and
tanned women, but lately there has been issue from women all over the world who are tired of
having to be set at impossible types of female figures. Revolving around a certain type of body
figure is horrible because bodies come in different shapes and sizes. The media has influenced the
female body perception by showing that women need to have a "perfect body" to pass in society.
These magnificence gauges, multiplied through the media, impacts affect women and their self–
perceptions. The medias influence on female body image has led to eating disorders, dissatisfaction
in women, depression, and substance abuse in women.
Due to the expansion of sustenance in our way of life, individuals are getting greater, fatter, and
developing more and more youthful as the years pass. Dieting is however a hazard thing compared
to other dietary issues, habitual eating and its variations, bulimia, often a young lady yet numerous
men endure as well – diets, encounters bounce back voraciously consuming food because of
sustenance hardship and after that cleanses to free herself of undesirable calories. Habitual eating is
an immediate result of defiance to nourishment limitation, a conduct that can quickly transform into
a callous propensity. Then again, bulimia is an ailment which may begin as a

Be Skinny or Die Trying
Anorexia Nervosa – the belief one is fat, despite being very thin. Most women have heard the word
"anorexia", and in all probability associate it with models, celebrities, and never think it could
happen to them. However the word, "anorexia" has much more meaning and facts behind it to prove
that it isn't as farfetched of an idea as people may think. Anorexia Nervosa is an extremely
dangerous eating disorder that is much more than celebrities and models, and not eating enough.
Among women in the U.S., is a constant reminder with the underlying message being "be skinny or
die trying". There is a plethora of diet plans, pills, and meals, and women seem to get the idea that
they need to change some sort of physical attribute about their ... Show more content on
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Demi Lovato is a recognized singer and actress who fought with many emotional problems which
led her to do numerous harmful things to herself including binging, which then led to anorexia.
Lovato has shared her story with various magazines, newspaper, and even live interviews to let
people know of the serious dangers anorexia can be on the mind and body. As well as Lovato there
are athletes who continuously compare themselves to stick thin competitors and strive to be at an
extremely unhealthy weight. For example, Christy Henrich was a U.S. gymnast who developed
anorexia to lose weight after being told she was too fat by a judge at a competition. Eventually
Henrich developed multiple organ failure (caused by her disorder) killing her at the age of 22, she
was 47 pounds. These young women have all been through numerous tough times in their life, and
have suffered the consequences of their actions. However, they have also recovered and are trying to
make it know to the pre–teen girls that look up to them, that body image is not something that you
need to focus your life over. Many models, celebrities, and athletes all over the world are
recognizing the fact that the new generation is looking up to them for guidance, and the actions they
choose to promote many lead to unnecessary complications within the younger girls lives. Along
with the media showing girls of all ages, and famous models, celebrities, and even athletes how
great it is to be skinny, society

Plus Models
Every year, millions of people from around the world watch Victoria Secret supermodels walk down
a runway in lingerie for the Victoria Secret Fashion Show. The women watching this cannot help but
to start picking out every little flaw and difference they have compared to the supermodels, making
them less confident in themselves. The pressure to look like these women is magnified by the media
and celebrities covered in plastic surgery, which causes a lack of confidence in young women. By
posting provocative picture of the models and celebrities, the media somewhat destroys the self–
esteem of women, and forces them to dream of having a "perfect" body. The celebrities that are
featured on the news and in magazines are not always completely natural, ... Show more content on
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There are tons of campaigns out there that are promoting self–love with the help of celebrities,
athletes, and even normal people. In the article "The Thick And The Thin Of It: Contextual Effects
In Body Perception" it states that girls compare themselves to an ideal body image way too much.
Media shows unreasonably ideas of body images and causes girls to look down at themselves. This
may lead to Bulimia and Anorexia. They created an experiment, called Judgment of Silhouettes,
where the made a booklet of different body types in silhouette form, where they looked at how
judgment of body images changes the context. "Accordingly, people will negatively evaluate
themselves to the degree that their own body features deviate from an ideal. Several researchers
have speculated how mass media portrayals of body images may lead to an unreasonably thin ideal
and corresponding negative self evaluation, especially for women" (Henderson–King & Henderson–
King, 1997; Stice, et al., 1994). By doing this experiment maybe people will learn that its okay not
to like every little thing about themselves as long as they don't think negatively about it. The
pressure to have the "perfect" body will always be there no matter what

The Impact Of Media On Gender Socialization Essay
The splitting of products into two genders stemmed from fiscally conscious businesses; those who
had two products to sell to different people made more money than those who sold only gender
neutral clothing, razors, and drinks. In modern times, almost everything in the media and in
advertisements is biased based on gender. Ads for fragrance are no longer equitable; they are for
cologne and perfume separately. As the businesses made money, a latent consequence arose. Those
who grew in the days of binary gender products and segregated items became socialized to fit what
was advertised. Boys targeted by monster truck commercials became conditioned to believe that
they could only play with monster trucks and should compete with their friend's monster trucks.
Girls became conditioned to believe that dollhouses and horses were the only toy for them. These
influences from the media have affected gender socialization, relationships, and expectations
throughout the life course of almost every American. Out of four advertisements chosen, two are
distinctly for women and two are distinctly for men. It is easy to identify which is which, as
everyone has experienced these social expectations that the ads are founded on. For example, the
male ad, titled Nivea for Men, is most easily identified as such due to the man used as the model.
However, this is not the average male in American society– this is the idealized version that men
have become accustomed to viewing, and is therefore

Persuasive Essay On The Standard Of Beauty
When thirteen–year–old Alyssa looks into the mirror, she runs through a list of everything she hates
about her body, "I wish my stomach was flatter, my chest was bigger, my thighs were skinnier, my
arms were more toned, and my waist was smaller." She looks into the mirror, comparing her body to
the bodies of her friends, celebrities and the images she sees in magazines. Alyssa does not look like
all those girls and this makes her feel gross, insecure and out of place. Beauty standards are so high
they create negative body images and women who hate the way they look. Women look in the
mirror and they pick themselves apart, and point out their personal flaws, and compare themselves
to others. Women have a major difficulty with accepting the ... Show more content on
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The Canadian Society of Plastic Surgeons, unlike the American's do not gather statistics, but
Canadian surgeons say they are seeing the same increase in plastic surgery among the millennial
youth (Thomas, 2015). The statistics on teenagers and plastic surgery are shocking, but this is not
surprising because teens are vulnerable to having issues with poor body image, and this results in
feeling like there is no other option other than plastic surgery. They want to look "perfect" and fit in
with society. Teens should not have to turn to operations to physically change their bodies just to fit
in with today's beauty standards.
High standards of beauty are causing girls to lose out on opportunities because they feel they will be
judged for the way they look and this leads to eating disorders, unhealthy diets and overall poor
health. In a world surrounded by celebrities and fashion models who look impossibly thin, a
message is sent to teens that they must look this way to be socially accepted. This message can lead
to unhealthy eating habits and self–esteem issues. Approximately 75 percent of girls as young as
nine years old have dieted two to five times in a given year and at any given time, 5 to 10 million
women and girls globally have eating disorders that harm their health (Flynt, 2009). Teens all over
the world, especially in Western society, are being diagnosed with eating disorder due to

Media and Body Image Essay
How do the media influence females? Images of female bodies are everywhere. Women, and their
bodies, sell everything from food to cars. Women's magazines are full of articles urging women to fit
a certain mold. While standing in a grocery store line you can see all different magazines promoting
fashion, weight loss, and the latest diet. Although the magazines differ, they all seemingly convey
the same idea: if you have the perfect body image you can have it all the perfect marriage, loving
children, great sex, and a rewarding career. The media, whether TV, print, or Internet advertising,
seems to play a huge role in influencing women of all ages; from adolescence and teens, to women
in their twenties and thirties, as well as ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It seems that younger females are more apt to believe that most everything they see in the media is
realistic and attainable, and they try to mimic what they see on TV or read in magazines. They also
tend to watch TV shows like One Tree Hill, Laguna Beach, and Gilmore Girls. Why do our young
females look to these fictional characters for real life answers? Do they see these characters as role
models? One has to wonder if they believe that if they mimic how these characters look and act they
will belong and then they, too, can have the same outcome the characters do. How many times have
you walked down the street and seen an 8– or 9–year–old girl wearing something that might be
more appropriate if worn by an adult? Females between the ages of 9–12 read fashion and beauty
magazines, and their exposure to these "ideal" images coincides with a period in their lives where
self–regard and self–efficacy is in decline. This is the same time period where body image is tied to
self–esteem and it becomes quite fragile due to physical changes of puberty. This is also the same
time frame where the tendency for social comparison is at its peak. Girls thus find themselves in a
subculture of dieting, due to the messages given by the media. Over the past 4 weeks I have spoken
to many adolescent girls, ages 9 through 12, who candidly admitted they had already tried dieting.
These

Are You Beach Body Ready?
"Are you beach body ready?" This is a slogan of a controversial advertisement in the UK with a
slender, yet curvy woman in a bikini. Even though this commercial is for promoting diet products,
the focal unrealistic, idealized female body image in a bikini and her seductive eyes make the most
women ashamed of their body images. Sweney reported, the advertisement was a controversial issue
due to a reason of women's sexual objectification and banned in the UK eventually. Even though the
advertisement is prohibited, the sexualized woman's body image remains in people's minds and
affects on the social perception what women should look like her if they want to go to the beach.
The media have constructed attractiveness for a long time many sociocultural standards of beauty
and. Especially women's body images have been a primary concern because the value of women has
been measured how they look like. How women have similar body traits with the modern female
body images has been a significant and essential issue, historically. The sociocultural standards of
beauty which have been created by the greed of the media have dire impacts on young females. The
current beauty level of the female body image in the media is thinness. In fact, the preferred female
body images have been changed through the media. Throughout history, sometimes skinny women's
body images were loved, and sometimes over weighted women's body images were preferred.
Whenever the media have dictated the ideal female

Social Effects Of Advertising In Advertising
When going shopping, watching the television or looking in magazines, young girls are among the
most targeted, being affected and vulnerable to the social influences of marketing and
advertisements. Many advertisements of clothing have depicted the female form in a sexually
provocative manner. Sexualisation is when a person's value comes only from his or her sexual
appeal or behaviour, to the exclusion of other characteristics. Furthermore, sexual objectification is
when the female body is seen as an object of male desire, which leads to a woman's worth being her
body's appearance and sexual function. Evidence from social and psychological studies is
suggesting that girls are exposed from an early age to sexualising content. On average, one–third of
clothing items available to young girls in stores have sexualised characteristics containing either
tight fitting and skin tight, low cut, or see–through parts. Such clothing emphasises sexual body
parts such as the chest, bum, or legs. All of which are products that are designed and marketed for
young girls below the age of fourteen. Many garments also feature sex–related pictures or writing
such as Future WAG, or short skirts and dresses, along with high–heeled shoes which are not age–
appropriate for young children. Some [high heeled] shoes I have seen on sale look more suited to a
lap–dancing club than the feet of a young girl. Even lingerie, which is typically for adults, is being
designed for girls onwards of the age of

Media Portrayal Of Women
Portrayal of Women in Advertising: The Negative Implications.
We are bombarded with advertisement every day, weather we are reading a magazine, grocery
shopping, or browsing online. These adverts promote some type of product or service and use
methods to persuade their targeted audience to by the product. A various number of adverts feature
women; however a majority of time, these women are portrayed in stereotypical gender roles, in
submissive roles and are sexually objectified. The representation of women in adverts beg the
question: does the depiction of women in advertisement influence women's image herself and hoe
society sees them?
The Media Ecology theory is the study of media and the effects of media on human environments. It
studies ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Adverts use Photoshop to enhance female features and to get rid of any traces of flaws, thus creating
a perfect image. Rekha & Maran's (2012) findings indicated that exposure to media depicting
images of a thin ideal body related to body images for women. According to their research, using a
survey, 76% of women desired to have smaller body sizes then their current size because of the
pressure of advertisements' ideal body image. They concluded that the inaccurate perception of
appearances in adverts leads to woman's low self–esteem and increase body dissatisfaction among
themselves (Rekha & Maran, 2012). The models used in advertisements often represent role models
for a number of teenagers and women. Therefore, their appearance can have an impact on the
women who look up to their perfect figure. Similarly, Gangopadhyay stated, "Female models are
shown to look perfect and in effect inspire the women to try hard to attain the all–important standard
of beauty and perfection as set by the visuals of the advertisements" (2011). In effect, media is
creating unattainable beauty standards that are becoming the norm in society supporting the media
ecological theory, that media does influence and shape our attitudes. In this case, attitudes on the
ideal body image is being directly influenced by the thin depiction of women in

The Contribution of Social, Cultural, and Family...
Analyse the extent to which the social, cultural and family environment may contribute to the
development of eating disorders.
Eating disorders have been found through centuries of doctors records. Some as far back as the
seventeenth century through Morton (1694) descriptions of the symptoms of eating disorders during
this period in time. Despite this eating disorders were only formally known as a disorder until 1980
when it was published in the DSM and more recent editions have shown that there are two different
forms of eating disorders which are anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. This assignment will
discuss how social, cultural and family environment can contribute to the development of these
eating disorders and why ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Stirling and Hellewell discovered that bulimia is more common than anorexia which affects up to
three percent of the population and tends to develop later than anorexia starting mostly in early
adulthood. Many studies have been made to observe how social environments can contribute to the
development of eating disorders, BemIs (1978) believed that eating disorders arise from attempts by
young women to conform to a stereotyped and unrealistic body shape that is shown in magazines,
television, films and adverts aimed at young women. Bemys found that anorexia and bulimia are
much more common in western societies where thinness is regarded as desirable. Ogden (1992)
looked at how the ideal shape for women had become slimmer, the methods they used for the study
was to see what the physical features of female fashion recruitments were in an agency in London
between 1967 – 1987 and analyzed them. The researchers examined the models height, bust, waist
and hip measurements in order to see which was commonly preferred in the fashion industry. After a
twenty year period the results of the study showed that over time the models became taller, with a
decrease in hip and bust measurements relative to waist size supporting the idea that society has
changed to desire the thinner and taller female figure as the ideal body shape. Garner et al (1980)
believed that social pressures do contribute to the onset of eating disorders especially to individuals
such as dancers and

Beauty Is A Beauty And Beautiful Thing
Beauty is a Beast to Obtain A human body is considered a sacred and beautiful thing. It's widely
complex, with millions of different aspects and parts that make humanity amazingly different than
other species in the world. However, the social construction of feminine beauty brings about issues
of what is truly beautiful. Most countries have a different viewpoint, such as being bare chested or
having a stretched neck. In America, female beauty is something that many argue over, but there is a
clear consensus on some things: women should be skinny, but not too thin; blonde, but not bleach–
blonde; fit, but not masculine; tan, but not orange; and of course, the classic big boobs, big ass, but
an absolutely tiny waist. A majority of these are completely unnatural and require a great deal of
work, or even surgery, to even come close to acquiring. In "The Body Beautiful" by Rosalind
Coward, the reality of expectations on beauty is clearly and concisely laid out, making clear that our
construction of beauty is very flawed. An interesting point Coward brings up is the "valuation of
immaturity". This is a concept that focuses on making the female body more sexually attractive by
making it seem prepubescent. The shaving of legs and armpits is one example Coward focuses on,
but another factor could also be the quite disgusting craze of the 'sexy schoolgirl'. Practically every
Halloween, one can find a costume in the local Walmart or CVS featuring a low cut blouse and a
few

The Ideal Body Image
others, had her checked into the emergency room twice because of her eating disorder. Her story
shows how far people are willing to go in order to meet the ideal body type even if it means that
their health may be at risk. Social media, peer pressure, and lack of self–esteem all are very
dangerous factors to health and the accessibilities to these are available to anyone and everyone
which only makes one phantom how many people one knows may be battling the same battle Leah
was.
As stated above one problem that was listed was how advertising promoted a lean figure as societies
view of the ideal body. Not only did this ideal cause unrealistic goals for most average females and
males but it also caused many health problems. In one study Diedrichs and Lee (2011) found that
when women exposed to average–size female models the women were found with lower levels of
body ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This text can help in vision and only phantom how many people whom are around one suffer from
the influences the internet has on their body image. Through social media, websites, and
advertisements all these factors are heavy manipulators on body image to the public exposed this
type of imagery. Solutions to help combat these problems are slowly surfacing but through a
widespread and vast access to the internet it causes it to be very complex to pinpoint a solution that
will work for all locations of the internet itself ,as well at the location of where in the world it is
being accessed to. But all in all it is up to one if one should allow to be manipulated into being
dissatisfied with their body or not. One should be the one whom choses if they love themselves
enough to love every inch of the person they are even if it means it is not the ideal body. The ideal
body type is the one one is because perfection does not exist in the world, so the ideal body type
does not

The Cultivation of Womanhood Through Advertisement: Body...
In this paper we will explore how advertisements cultivate a woman's need for consumerism as a
part of their own self image. George Gerbner, the founder of cultivation theory, argued that
television has the ability to impact the way that people percieve certain message and influence their
everyday life. In this study, we will conduct a content analysis of quantitative and qualitative
measures that will study fashion advertisements. Each advertisement will be critiqued by a set of
questions to help find any pattern or correlation between attributes that may have an impact on
female consumers. A sample population will be drawn at random on three different occasions
containing women from the ages of 18–30. In the first group each individual ... Show more content
This study is significant because it addresses advertisements that are viewed by women of different
ages. The formation of attitudes towards the projected social norms in these advertisements can
make women feel inadequate due to their inability to conform to these standards. This can have an
impact on the way that women live their lives on a daily basis. Women are driven to have the things
that they see because it makes them socially acceptable. Women are portrayed to gain happiness by
obtaining using items advertised, and this can encourage purchase. The more these advertisements
produce revenue the better it is for the economy, and with a struggling economy this can help sell
more units and provide more jobs. Therefore, this study is important to not only women's issues, but
also on the broad scale of economic development.
Literature Review
American society today claims to live in a progressive world and this progression is claimed to
preside within many different social categories. The biggest by far, relates to the meaning of being a
woman and what feminine connotations and denotations entail. Some assert that the progress
regarding female advancement has transcended the values of the 21st century while others believe
that oppression and subjection of the female body regarding consumerism and what it means to be
feminine has not disappeared but has instead become institutionalized within public

1950s Fashion Analysis
Between the stock market crash of 1929 and the end of World War II in 1945, fashion was forced to
take the backseat. In the beginning of the 1950's, the fashion scene was yet again at the forefront of
western cultures, perhaps more than ever before. With an economic boom, the decade pushed
towards consumerism, a trend that still continues to this day. Once WWII came to an end, rationing
became a thing of the past, as the accessibility of various fabrics became the norm. It was during the
50's that department stores gained popularity, providing access to a wide range of consumer goods
from all areas of the world. Having the latest trends was no longer a concept reserved exclusively
for the rich, people everywhere shared loved for fashion (Leaper, 2017). The fashion trends that
were created during this period reflected femineity by emphasising on the female figure. With many
new silhouettes emerging, the era became a time of conformity. Throughout the 50's, women were
expected to look and dress a certain way and many conformed to this established standard of
fashion. With husbands returning from the war, American women were again expected to focus on
their role as housewives. Conformity among women was highly encouraged, eliminating the need
for dramatic styles. The conformity throughout this era highlights the contrast between the
independent flappers of the 20s and the conforming women of the 50's and how far the evolution of
women's fashion has travelled. Trends: During

A Womans Body Image And Sexuality
The perceptions of a womans body image and sexuality though revolving, have gained momentum
since the late 1880's. The advent of department stores during the Gilded Age opened a new
opportunity to woman who for the first time were targeted consumers. The department store's of the
Gilded Age aimed to transform the shopping experience into a leisure activity. Women were not
heading to a shop because they needed a dress, but rather because they needed a distraction. Many
stores provided public restrooms– a first for women, as well as pampering services, refreshments,
and top of the line customer service. In addition woman could congregate and shop with friends
while discovering new fashion to wear to whatever pop–up exhibit was in town. The movement
towards premade fashion, at fixed prices meant that women were able to buy their clothing on the
spot. This was the first time that women were "allowed to attract attention, and they were rewarded
if they did so with proper panche" However, as time goes forth and fads change, the tribulations of a
woman 's body image has stayed a constant struggle even with acceptance of women in the public
sphere.
"The rejection of the small, thin, and retiring female image came at a time when women were, in
every way, becoming more visible." The Gilded age was a time when larger women were seen as
more attractive. However with photography becoming popular and women who wished to embrace
curves would utilize padding, cosmetics, fake hair and even

The Effects Of Unrealistic Body Images On Social Media
" Over fifty percent of 9 and 10 year–old girls feel better about themselves if they are on a diet(3),
even though the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports that only 18 percent of
adolescents are really overweight. About 80 percent of girls in this age group say that they have
dieted in an attempt to lose weight."––Mirror Mirror Eating Disorder Help. Unrealistic body images
on social media can lead to eating disorders, low self–esteem, and depression in adolescents.
Along with the unrealistic body images on social media it drags along obsession with dieting, food,
and appearance in young adolescents creating eating disorders. "Adolescents diagnosed with serious
eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia often report that their symptoms can be linked
to the bullying they received from their age peers as well as the unrealistic media images presented
as an ideal for them to follow."(www.phycologytoday.com) The unrealistic body ideal that they feel
they need to follow has a big impact on the way teens look at what they are eating, and their weight
and shape which can lead to serious eating disorders. "Adolescent females who are unable to
conform to the ideal being put forward by movie, television find themselves taking extreme
measures to be more like their role models." (www.phycologytoday.com) Teens feel that it is
important to become like their role models that they see on social media and go to extreme measures
to become the ideal weight and shape

Evolution Of Barbie's Embodiment Of Pop Culture
The evolution of Barbie has been an interesting one. The doll has sparked countless debates, yet has
continued to be a defining icon for children for countless years, and will probably be so for many
more. Her changing fashion, careers and views could be easily attributed to the changing views in
our society and current fashions that have transfixed the world over time. Barbie is a tangible
embodiment of pop culture throughout the years, she has managed to become popular and stay
popular, because she has done what many toys could not, she has grown to fit the world around her,
and by doing so has captivated generations.
Barbie's changing fashions overtime have reinforced popular culture as she has resembled what is
'trendy' and 'in' at time ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The first of many changes being the introduction of the first official African–American Barbie and
Latina Barbie, both of which were not released until 1980, twenty years after the first Barbie was
released. This year the newly–released 2016 'Barbie Fashionistas' are available in four body types,
seven skin tones and 22 eye colours addressing long–time criticism that the dolls did not accurately
reflect the modern woman. This change means more representation for women of colour, more
representation of a normal female body type, teaching young girls that white is not default and
anorexia is not beautiful. This links back to the much needed change in social thinking and the
popularity of healthy lifestyles and colour representation in 2016. Barbie has begun to represent
women outside the thin, white, blonde archetype and represent women as a diverse set of
individuals, appealing to a wider range of consumes and the new trend in pop culture. Barbie has
reinforced pop culture over time as she has managed to change in response to the opinions of
society, whether or not she agreed with the change.
In conclusion, Barbie's changing fashions, interests and views have altered in response to suit pop
culture throughout the years. Barbie is a physical personification of popular culture throughout the
years, and she has grown to fit the world around her, to change with the 'fads' and 'fashions' of the
time. However in some cases it seems as though she has transgressed us on some levels. Barbie is a
palpable representation of the amount of change that has taken place over the decades, a change in
social thinking, social constructs, fashion and beauty. The Barbie doll is the perfect representation of
popular

Effects Of Advertisements On Women
Advertisements are audio or visual forms of marketing communication used in various methods in
the media. An average person encounters 3,000 advertisements every day, which is a total of two
years watching TV commercials in their lifetime. Advertisements are used to promote an item or
product; However, advertisements have a grand impact on women. Companies use models to set
trends and false beauty standards using their latest products. Commercials decrease a woman's self–
image and cause emotional harm.
Newer technology helps conceal imperfections. Applications such as, Photoshop, are used by
advertisers to enhance a model's image before the picture is published. The viewer's desire to look
the same way increases, which can cause a lower self–esteem and a negative perception of their
body. " The company questioned over 1,000 women who largely said the beauty industry advertising
campaigns are having a negative impact on their lives." A woman's fear and stress is caused by
beauty advertisements. Advertisements demand women to focus on their appearances. Jean
Kilbourne described how Beyonce was touched up by Photoshop to lighten her skin color.
"Photoshop has made society believe that it is normal to be flawless and to have perfect proportions,
and that's not true." Many women are affected by the use of Photoshop because they feel insecure
about their skin and body image. The overuse of Photoshop is used uncontrollably by advertisers
and has lead to unproportional body parts on

This project examines the construction of subjectivity in...
This project examines the construction of subjectivity in Eleanor Antin's Carving: A Traditional
Sculpture (fig. 1) and Chris Kraus' Aliens and Anorexia (fig. 2) . These works inscribe notions of the
self, the social, and the subject through and upon the body, addressing the interpolating poles of
nutritive consumption and "willing the body away" through self–starvation. Throughout this essay, I
will demonstrate how these artists engage with the spaces and discourses created around food and
disordered eating to produce a counter dominant take on subjectivity, a thematic both artists attend
to regularly throughout their careers.
My reading prioritizes theories of the body, subjectivity, consumption, gender and difference,
refusing to see ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Before attending to theoretical concerns I will first ground my reading in art–historical methods,
explicating the position of these works within Antin and Kraus' larger oeuvres and within the
historical contexts of their production. An analysis of form and medium also underlines a reading of
these works that privileges self and subjectivity. In Carving, A Traditional Sculpture and Aliens and
Anorexia, the live or temporal practices common throughout Antin and Kraus' careers are
respectively mediated through photography and texts. By removing the material body from works
that are essentially performative, the artist looks back over herself, commenting on, while creating
her own lived subjectivity.
I chose to position these two works together because, as Clare Johnson states in her study of Antin,
Vanessa Beecroft, and Elizabeth Manchester, "I want to discuss the artworks in terms that do not
presuppose a 'proper' form of feminist art practice, or suggest that the contemporary work
supersedes the 'critical' strategies of the earlier piece." Johnson's articulated aims are not to claim
any single artist or artwork as "feminist," per se, but to create rich and complex readings that
"articulate the inscriptions of feminist practice" and "reﬂect the relational web of mutually
constitutive meanings." This web frames a discussion of Kraus and Antin's work, allowing for a
critical co–reading of works produced at different

media Essays
Media Manipulation
There is a very subtle, yet powerful force at work on our world today. It is trying to control what
woman and young girls do say and believe, especially about their own appearances. The media
portrays unrealistic images that affect the way people, particularly woman, feel about themselves.
And there is no way to avoid it. The media acts as a transmitter of potentially dangerous, socially
desirable values and norms. Anyone can become a victim without even realizing it. Woman are told
to believe distortions, inaccuracies, and bias on a daily basis. Somehow in that all the madness
thinness has become synonymous with attractiveness. It is the media's job to ... Show more content
Commercials, billboards, and magazines now have become sly and seductive sellers tolls. The
clever, catchy tunes that tell woman their bodies aren't good enough get placed in the back of a
woman's mind never to escape. It's proof of the power of influence. According to Bakari Chavanu,
author of an article in rethinkingschools.org, "Students today are more influenced by the
popular media outside the classroom that by the textbooks and novels they are forced to read. By the
time a person graduates high school they watch 22,000 hours of television, and they've seen 350,000
commercials by the age of seventeen." (www.rethinkingschools.org). They watch it all
voluntarily, unable to recognize the damage being done. The images in and on TV shape the values
of young people as well as adults. Sadly, these same images are part of a culture in which one out of
every woman has an eating disorder, (Levinson 46) girls and younger woman increasingly have
problems with low self esteem that eventually leads to dangerous behavior, (www.ed.gov. ERIC...)
and where illusions are almost always shattered. Through ads and other media woman are told to
believe that the average woman in the real world is white, under 40, not disabled, always
heterosexual, and her body (even though absolutely beautiful) is in constant need of improvement.

Summary Of ' We Are Not Created Equal Through Every Way ``
In an article titled "We Are Not Created Equal in Every Way" that appeared in The San Francisco
Chronicle on December 12 2000, reporter and columnist Joan Ryan expressed her opinion regarding
the story of Fredrika Keefer. Miss Keefer was an 8–year–old whose mother, Krissy Keefer, sued the
San Francisco Ballet School after Fredrika was refused admission to the school because of her body
type. While Ryan's article is an opinion piece, many of her arguments and comparisons are ill–
thought–out, fallacious, or do not contribute much of anything to the piece.
Within the first few paragraphs Ryan says "Fredrika and her mother filed suit..." while possible
discrimination against Fredrika may be the subject of the suit, Fredrika was an 8–year–old at ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Ryan goes on to say that Fredrika could still have a future in professional dance in a separate genre,
failing to consider that the building blocks of most dance genres are based in ballet, and many
teachers of other types of dance would still want their students taking ballet in addition to their
classes. Another important factor is that Fredrika is a child and her body is going to change
significantly as she gets older. Fredrika may not have the "ideal" body for ballet as an 8–year–old,
but as she develops into an adult her body may fit the archetype that is sufficient for ballet.
Furthermore, should Fredrika's body, possibly, become the definitive ballet body, she would still
require the training she is seeking to be able to compete as a professional.
At one point, Ryan asserts that thin bodies are the standard for classical ballet, therefore a ballet
school choosing not accept applicants with a different body type is not discriminatory. Ryan goes on
to express that she is troubled by the age at which children begin training for adult careers, another
common practice in ballet. It is duplicitous of Ryan to cherry pick a certain standard of ballet in an
effort bolster one part of her argument, and then critique another standard of ballet that isn't in line
with

Women and Advertisements Essay
Women and Advertisements
The average American is exposed to hundreds of advertisements per day. Advertisements targeted
toward females have an enormous effect on women's thoughts, attitudes, perceptions, and actions.
Most of the time, women don't even realize these advertisements are formulating self–image issues.
These ideals surround them daily and they become naturalized to the ads. Advertising creates an
entire worldview persuading women to emulate the images they see all around them. In order to
create a market for their products, companies constantly prey upon women's self esteem, to feel like
they aren't good enough just the way they are. This makes women constantly feel stressed out about
their appearance (Moore). Advertising ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The ideal weight portrayed in advertisements keeps decreasing, which is making dieting more
popular. Fad diets area everywhere trying to give us "loose weight quick" plans. According to a
study done by the Body Image Project in 2000, roughly 80 percent of 10 year olds have already tried
dieting ("What"). Dieting advertisements even depict overweight women as miserable. They are
slightly overweight with stringy hair and a frown on their face. Women relate to this image and
become unhappy with themselves like the women in the picture. The people in the after photos
always look so glamorous! They are slimmer, happier, have a smile on their face, and total
makeovers. Even the advertisements for weight loss products are fake and exaggerated, but women
see these images and want to be like them. These diets are too strict and not long term, thus, creating
a recurring cycle of disappointment and failure. There are diet pills, cellulite creams, metabolism
boosters, and even products that claim to put "exercise in a bottle" at every end cap of major
discount stores ("Every"). All these products encourage women to want to look better.
Companies need to advertise a healthy lifestyle rather than telling people they should do whatever it
takes to look like the images seen on TV. Women have a sense of pride when they loose a few
pounds or have a good hair day. That feeling is rapidly taken away when they compare themselves
to these manufactured images. Poor self–esteem ensues.

The Impact Of Media On Body Image
Introduction Over the time, the concept of body image is influenced by external factors as culture,
society norms, especially with the development of modern social media, it has grown up to be an
important element in affecting the perception of body image to shape the body image. The influence
of mass media may be related to the social comparison process of appearance in female and male.
The ideal media body image, it is easy to compare in everyday life, and that will result to
dissatisfaction with people 's body size. On the one hand, Orbach (1987) briefly posted that the
western media produced a picture tender the ideal female body as "thinness,curvy,free of unwanted
hair,deodorized,perfumed and clothed". The pictures they produced are long way from the normal
women 's life. On the other hand, numbers of studies demonstrate that not only are women
dissatisfied with their body, but also men indicated that they dissatisfied with the body. there is a gap
between the ideal size in the magazine and themselves. in order to reduce the gap, people often use
the methods of diet or exercise to achieve the target. it was not always an advantaged approach for
the purpose, with the appearing of discorded eating pattern like anorexia and bulimia, there no doubt
that the power of media has been changing people ' daily life and social norms. Thus, this research
will examine that how the social media shapes the body image in presenting both female and male 's
ideal , and the

Essay on Eating Disorders and the Media
Eating Disorders and the Media
Doctors annually diagnose millions of Americans with eating disorders. Of those diagnosed, ninety
percent are women. Most of these women have one of the two most common types of eating
disorders: anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa (National Council on Eating Disorders, 2004).
People with anorexia nervosa experience heart muscle shrinkage along with slow and irregular
heartbeats and eventually heart failure. Along with their heart, their kidney, digestive system and
muscles often fail them. The mortality rate of anorexia is twenty percent, which is the highest of any
psychiatric disorder. People with bulimia nervosa experience erosion of their teeth, irritation and
rips in their throat, stomach, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Using this research as a basis, I held a focus group with six high school girls who watched the
critically–acclaimed documentary by Jean Kilbourne entitled Still Killing Us Softly. After watching
the documentary, this group of girls came to understand the harmful effects of media exposure on
adolescents. This is a tremendous step in overcoming the development of eating disorders. Teaching
adolescents about messages in media is different from what scholars have suggested for preventing
eating disorders over the last several decades (Bennett et. al., 2001). Finally, I discuss the
implications of my findings.
DISORDERED EATING AND THE MEDIA
Scholars have continuously tried to understand why people develop eating disorders. Many have
tested and proven one prerequisite for certain: having a damaging, negative, self–image (Fisher et.
al., 2003; Button, Loan, Davies & Barke 1997; Cervera et. al., 2002; Thomas, James & Bachmann,
2000; O'Dea & Abraham, 2000). Other scholars have looked at how media interacts with these
feelings of negative body image to produce females who harm their bodies in order to be thin (Berel
& Irving, 2001; Busselle, 2001; Gettman & Roberts, 2004; Hargreaves & Tiggemann, 2003;
Hendriks, 2002; Kilbourne, 2000; Leung Kwork Yan, Prendergast, & Prendergast, 2002; Posavac,
Posavac, & Weigel, 2001; Slater & Tiggemann, 2004; Strice & Thompson, 2001; Thomsen, 2002).
Media conveys sociocultural pressures and ideals of

Body Image Essay
In today's society, high standards have been imposed on the men and women in America. While men
have the standard of being muscled and fit, women have created the idea of being thin and petite.
Even though, there is a new movement of larger sized models being publicly distributed, there is
still a large stigma on the ideal body size and shape. People in today's society have become obsessed
with their physical image to the point that it is unhealthy Public companies supplying goods for
mass production, media, and modern trends have forced men and women to become ashamed of
their bodies.
Marketing strategies are implemented for the sole purpose of increasing sales and revenue for the
ever increasing demands for corporate America. Targeting the insecurities of individuals has proven
to be successful for these companies, which is why they continue to advertise and market their
business with this style. Most product lines include sales pitches of having "less calories", creating
"slimmer figures", being "low fat", or "increases muscle mass". The world revolves around creating
an idealistic lifestyle with the suburban house with a white picket fence, and as individuals strive to
reach this complex, they develop the idea of being this perfect individual with the perfect life and
perfect image. As a result, people fall into the advertising traps businesses create, and buy these
products with hopes to change how they truly appear to society.
Businesses are not the only source of

Ancient Greek Art And Its Impact On Ancient Greece
Ancient Greek art has been one of the most influential art forms in the past centuries. The Keros
sculptures predominantly stand out while referring to the ancient Greek scluptures and art. The
Keros sculptures were carved purely out of marble and were a form of Cycladic art that was created
in a small island called Cyclades in 2600–2400 B.C. The Cycladic Islands of Greece are set in the
Aegean Sea. The ancient Greeks called these islands the kyklades, a scattered kyklos, or circle, of
islands around the holy island and sanctuary of Apollo, Delos.
The very first Keros sculpture was founded in the year 1963 by Lord Renfrew. The only unfortunate
event that occurred during excavation was that almost none of these Keros sculptures were found in
their complete form. Only fragments of these sculptures remained. It has been noticed, that all
through history, the Keros scultpures have been incrediblly difficult to analyze and interpret due to
lack of background information and it's obvious missing parts. An abudance of myths surround these
sculptures since Ancient Greece is also known for its devotion to Greek mythology. The
significance, use, and meaning of the figures are unclear. There is even debate about whether the
figures were meant to lie flat or to stand against a wall––there is no definitive evidence either way.
Numerous explanations about the significance of the figurines have been proposed: the figurines
may have been apotropaic (i.e., to ward off evil) or served as

Factors That Implement Our Way Of Thinking
Many factors implement our way of thinking, but some tend to be more important than others. Age
is a factor, depending on your age often determines how serious you are and what your needs are.
For instance, being an adolescent you are going through stages of puberty and forming into an adult.
Your needs then tend to be impacted by your peers at school, and what is cool. Most adolescents
seek intimacy, communication, empathy and identity, your needs will definitely be different than a
thirty– five year old seeking a marriage partner. All through history, the picture of a"beautiful lady,"
and an "attractive man," has fluctuated. Perceptions of beauty do not only vary by culture but have
also evolved throughout time.In Ancient Egypt around 1292–1069 B.C., the ideal women had
narrow shoulders, a high waist, symmetrical face, and was thin. Throughout Ancient Egypt the
society back then was considered a sex positive setting, where pre–marital sex took place and was
considered adequate. Old Greeks considered women beautiful, if they had a full rounded shape,
full–bodied, and had light skin.
The Han Dynasty (206 B.C.–220 A.D.) women in this culture were viewed as perfect in the event
that they had expansive eyes, fair skin, small feet and a little midriff. Likewise, long dark hair, white
teeth, and red lips. Throughout the time of the Italian Renaissance, women were viewed beautiful if
they had full hips, fair skin, a rounded stomach and an apple blossom, as well as light hair.

Analysis Of Disney 's ' The Outer Shell Of Innocence '
Females everywhere are obsessively trying to alter their appearance to mirror the perfect body
images surrounding us in today's media. Body image dominates media everywhere you look, every
time you turn your head we are pestered with beautiful women and perfect figures. The
overwhelming urge for women to have a body just like the perfect models and idols we see plastered
in media has spilled over into our children. Despite the outer shell of innocence, the psychological
and sociological effects of Disney figures misrepresent the ideal body image as distorted to
perfection and airbrushed to unrealistic; the iconic body image warping an adolescent mind into
aiming for unobtainable goals. Although advances on race and gender– through becoming more
culturally rounded and balancing the demands of the public– Disney fails in forwarding their
portrayal of accurate body image. Princesses along with other female protagonists are displayed
with size double zero waists, skinny limbs, and even small feet– to the point where bone structure is
nonexistent. This unnatural, body size presented in Disney 's animated characters however, is what
society calls for and demands. The "thin ideal" has existed in American culture since the 1960s, and
it is still increasingly popular today in numerous forms of media; forty years later its impact has
been so devastating it has become an expected norm. Our society views a narrow, fragile figure as
beautiful, and the media reflects that. In addition to

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