The document discusses biomedical waste management. It defines biomedical waste as waste produced from medical diagnosis, treatment, research, and testing on humans and animals. Proper management is important to protect the environment and prevent disease transmission. Biomedical waste is categorized as hazardous, including infectious waste and toxic waste, or non-hazardous. Segregation, treatment, transportation, and disposal methods are outlined to safely handle different types of biomedical waste.

1. BIO MEDICAL WASTE
MANAGEMENT
SINI THANKACHAN

2. DEFINITION
• Biomedical waste management has been defined as the
waste produced during diagnosis, treatment/immunization
of human being/animal, in research activities, in
production of testing of biological

3. IMPORTANCE OF MANAGING BIOMEDICALWASTE
1.Management of biomedical waste is very important to protect and
maintain hygienic environment. Now a days air/environment
pollution is on rise. Every effort is being taken by government to
reduce it. Thus one step to control environmental pollution is the
proper management of Biomedical waste.
2.Promotes the health of human beings and other living creatures, as
biomedical waste contributes to infections (HIV, infections. TB). It
is very important to dispose off biomedical waste in right way to
prevent hazards to human beings and other living organisms.
3.As biomedical waste management rules are notified by government
on time to time (1998). Biomedical waste management has become

4. TYPES OF HOSPITAL WASTE
NON HAZARDOUS WASTE HAZARDOUS WASTE
POTENTIALLY POTENTIALLY
INFECTIOUS WASTE TOXIC WASTE

5. 1.NON HAZARDOUS WASTE- includes kitchen waste, generally
office waste (stationery, wrappers, papers, newspaper, bouquets)
etc.
2.HAZARDOUS WASTE – This waste is dangerous e.g. Blood, body
fluids, chemicals, toxic drugs
A)Potentially infectious waste includes dressings soiled with blood,
pus, body fluids, laboratory, samples, syringes, needles, sharp
instruments, placenta, tissues, limbs, Organs etc
B)Potentially toxic waste includes radioactive waste (solids, liquids),
chemical waste (toxics, corrosive, inflammable), pharmaceutical
waste ( expired drugs)

6. HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH HOSPITALWASTE
 HEPATITIS (B,C)
 HIV (AIDS)
 Nosocomial infections
 Environmental pollution
 Recycling of the infected disposable syringes, needles

7. DECONTAMINATION OF HOSPITAL WASTE
1.Disposable items such as gloves, syringes, I.V. bottles, catheters are
punctured/ mutilated
2.Disposable syringes, needles to be cut by syringe cutter
3.Chemical decontamination – a ) bleach910gm bleach in 1 litre H2O
b) Hypochlorite solution
4. Deep burial

8. AVAILABLE CHLORIDE CLEAN
CONDITION
DIRTY CONDITION
Required chlorine 0.1% 0.5%
Sodius hypochlorite solution
(5%)
20ml/litre 100ml/litre
Calcium hypochlorite
70%available chlorine
1.4gm/litre 7.0gm/litre
•Dilution of chlorine releasing com-pounds

9. SEGREGATION
Segregation means separating the waste into different streams.
Segregation separates the infection/ toxic waste from non infected/
non toxic waste from non infected/ non toxic waste. Thus reduces
chances of infection, total treatment cost.
Tips while dealing with infectious waste
1.Separate infectious waste at point/area where it is produced e.g.,
discard the I.V. tubing of client on the ward at appropriate bin
2.Use bins with lid
3.Label the bin with bio- hazardous symbols and type of waste they will
carry
4.Wear protective devices (gloves) while handling such infectious waste

10. 5. Change the polythene when its 3/4th part is full or in each shift bin
should be emptied
6. Before transporting the waste, polythene bags must be sealed.
7. In case hospital has no provision of treating the waste, it must be
sent to final disposal point.
8. Infectious waste must be destroyed/disinfected before disposing. It
can be done by autoclaving, microwaving incineration

11. DISPOSAL OF DISPOSABLE MATERIAL
Discard the disposable material in plastic/ metal container even in
plastic bags
Container used for sharp instruments (needles, blades) must be
puncture proof.
Before discarding gloves, syringes, IV bottles, these must be shredded
cut or mutilated. This will be avoid the recycling of this material
Bin where sharp instruments will be discarded, should contain
bleaching powder solution or hypochlorite solution
Before discarding the liquid waste into sewage, it must be disinfected
chemically to avoid exposure to general public.

12. TRANSPORTATION
Segregated waste should be transported very carefully from the point
of generation to the final disposal site.
Make sure that all bags are sealed properly to avoid leakage/spillage.
Infectious/ toxic waste after decontamination should be transported
separately from general municipal waste.

13. Normally following coloured bins are used for segregation of
waste.
SEGREGATION OF WASTE COLOUR
a)General uninfected waste black
b)Soiled infected waste yellow
c)Plastic waste red
d)Sharps blue

14. CLASSIFICATION OF WASTE (WHO)
1.General waste (kitchen items, office papers)
2.Pathological waste (body, tissue, infected animal).
3.Radioactive waste (implants, equipments used while giving
radiations).
4.Chemical waste – cytotoxic drugs, chemicals.
5.Infectious waste – blood, body fluid, pus.
6.Sharps – blades, needles.
7.Pharmaceutical waste – expired drugs etc.

15. OPTION WASTE CATEGORY TREATMENT AND
DISPOSAL
CATEGORY 1 Human anatomical waste Incineration and deep burial
CATEGORY 2 Animal waste
(tissues, organs, body parts experimental animals)
Incineration and deep burial
CATEGORY 3 Microbiology and biotechnology waste.
(laboratory culture, vaccines, toxin dishes, etc.)
Local autoclaving, incineration
CATEGORY 4 Waste sharps
(needles, blades, glass)
Disinfection
CATEGORY 5 Discarded medicines and cytotoxic drugs incineration
CATEGORY 6 Soiled waste
Items soiled with blood, body fluids , e.g., cotton,
dressings, bandage, linen, beddings etc
Drug disposal at secured
landfill
Incineration autoclaving
CATEGORY 7 Solid waste
( tubings, catheters, IV set)
Disinfection, autoclaving
mutilation
CATEGORY 8 Liquid waste
Liquid used in laboratory, washing, cleaning,
disinfecting
Disinfection and discharged
into drainage
CATEGORIES OF BIOMEDICAL WASTE