4. INTRODUCTION
Standard safety measures are a set of infection control
practices used to prevent transmission of diseases that can be
acquired by contact with blood, body fluids, non-intact skin
(including rashes), and mucous membranes. These measures
are to be used when providing care to all individuals, whether
or not they appear infectious or symptomatic.
To reduce the risk of disease transmission Because we can not
visually identify whether patients are infectious or not . so
Standard Safety measures Procedures and work practices is
used to
5. Standard safety measures are,
Hand Hygiene
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Needle stick and Sharps Injury Prevention
Cleaning and Disinfection
Respiratory Hygiene
Waste Disposal
Safe Injection Practices
6.
7. Basic Principles of Infection Control
All patients are potentially infectious .
Follow Standard Precautions for ALL patients .
Use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is based on
risk of the procedure .
8. 1.Hand Hygiene
Hand hygiene is a way of cleaning once hands
that substantially reduces potential pathogens
(harmful microorganisms) on the hands. Hand
hygiene is considered a primary measure for
reducing the risk of transmitting infection among
patients and health care personnel.
9.
10. Kye points For All Types of Hand Hygiene
• Keep nails short
(1-2 mm)
• Do not wear nail polish
• Remove jewellery, bracelets, wrist watches
• Do not dry hands on clothes/uniforms after hand washing
11.
12.
13. PPE
• PPE stands for personal protective equipment.
Definition of PPE according to OSHA (Occupational
Safety and Health Administration)-“PPE is specialized
clothing or equipment, worn by an employee for
protection against infectious materials.”
• List of PPE
• Shoe cover/Leggings
• Gown
• Cap
• Mask
• Goggles
• Gloves
14. Dos and Don'ts for Use of PPE
• Do…
– Use PPE based on risk of the procedure
– Change PPE completely after each procedure
– Discard the used PPE in appropriate disposal bags,
– Dispose PPE as per the policy of the hospital
– Always wash hands after removing PPE
– Educate and train all junior and auxiliary staff in the use of PPE
15. • Don‘t…
– Share PPE
– Use same gloves between patients
– Reuse disposable gloves, eyewear, masks
– Use eye wear that restricts your vision
– Use masks when wet
16. Disinfection and Sterilisation
• Disinfectants are antimicrobial agents that are applied to non-living
objects to destroy microorganisms. The process of killing the microbes is
called disinfection. It may be defined as “cleaning of an article of some
or all of the pathogenic organisms that cause infection”
• Sterilization refers to any process that removes, kills, or deactivates all
forms of life (in particular referring to microorganisms such as fungi,
bacteria, viruses, spores, unicellular eukaryotic organisms such as
Plasmodium, etc.) and other biological agents like prions present in a
specific surface, object or fluid, for example food or biological culture
media. Sterilization can be achieved through various means, including
heat, chemicals, irradiation, high pressure, and filtration.
17. Agents Used in Disinfection
EFFECTIVE against HIV:
• Household bleach /
sodium hypochlorite
• Chlorhexidine 2-4%
• Glutaraldehyde 2%
• Iso Propyl Alchohol(IPA),
• Ethanol 70%
• Formalin 4%
• Povidone iodine 2%
INEFFECTIVE
against HIV:
• Savlon - poor
effect
• Dettol solution -
no effect
• Lysol – poor
effect
18. Nurse’s Role Disinfection and Sterilization
• Prepare bleach solution every day
• Keep a separate area for disinfection of patient care items
• Disinfect all patient care equipment contaminated with body fluids
or secretions
• Maintain separate personal care items for patients e.g. razors,
toothbrushes
• Clean daily, surfaces in close proximity to patient (bed side rails,
tables)
• Disinfect all reusable articles before sending for sterilization
• Clean all patient area and the unit thoroughly on discharge
19.
20. Nurse’s Role:Waste management
• Be up-to-date on infection control practices
• Segregate hospital wastes appropriately
• Teach, train and supervise junior staff/students and
cleaning & other staff in the ward with regard to waste
segregation and disposal
• Educate patients and family members about waste
management
21. Standard Precautions: Blood Borne
Prevent Accidents with Sharps
– Needle destroyer / burner / cutter
– Disposal of sharps into the appropriate bin
22. Safety of instruments
How will you ensure the safety of instruments you
would use?
• First choice, use disposable needles
• Never reuse a disposable needle or instrument
• Safely dispose all sharps (needles, lancets,scalpels) after use
• Disinfect reusable needles/syringes/instruments with
Hypochlorite first, then sterilize by Autoclaving or boiling
before re-use.
23. Nurse’s Role: Reduce Risk of Sharp Injuries
• Do’s
– Use needle cutter/destroyer
– Separate sharps from other
waste
– Use rigid, puncture proof
disposal bins
– Empty sharps containers
when they are ¾ full
Don’ts
• Handle, empty,
or transfer used
sharps between
containers
• Do not recap
sharps before
disposal
24. Which Body Fluids have Risk of HIV transmission ?
Considered “At Risk”
• Blood
• Semen
• Breast milk
• Vaginal secretions
• Cerebrospinal fluid
• Synovial, Pleural, Pericardial, Peritoneal
fluids
• Amniotic fluid
• Other body fluids visibly contaminated
with blood
Considered “Not At
Risk”
• Tears
• Sweat
• Urine and faeces
• Saliva
• Unless they
contain visible
blood .
25. Factors that Influence Risk for Acquiring HIV
• Type and efficacy of exposure
– Depth of injury
– Size and type of needle
– Amount of blood
• HIV status of source
• Amount of virus present in the contaminated fluid
• Types of procedures that carry a higher risk of
transmission:
–Procedures involving a needle placed in artery or vein
–Use of invasive devices visibly contaminated with blood
26. Protect your self
• Take three doses of hepatitis B vaccine. It gives you life
long protection
• Take measures to prevent accidents
• Take Post Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) in the event of any
occupational exposure
• Follow standard precautions at all times
27.
28. CONCLUSION
Infection control needs to include education of patients,
their caretakers, and health care personnel about good
preventive measures.
29. BLIBIOGRAPHY
• Dutta DC.Text book of obstetrics including perinatal and
contraception central publication 7th edition jaypee
brothers medical publishers (p)LTD New delhi, pg no-301
• Jacob annama,text book of comprehensive text book of
midwify and gynecology nursing jaypee publication3rd
edition jaypee brothers medical publishers (p)LTD New
delhi, pg no-564
• Nancy sr.principles and pratice of nursing 6th edition N.R.
brothers M.Y.H rosd,indore,page no.- 113-121
• https://www.bing.com
• https://www.slideshare.net/jenetdaniel/standard-safety-
