The document discusses photonics and laser beam machining (LBM). Photonics is the science of generating, detecting, and manipulating light, and the term was developed from the invention of the first semiconductor light emitter in the 1960s. LBM is a non-traditional subtractive machining process that uses a directed laser beam to thermally remove material from surfaces. It offers high precision and the ability to machine nearly any material.

2. The science of light generation, detection
and manipulation.
It is done through emission, transmission
and modulation of light.
Term ‘Photonics’ was developed as an
outgrowth of the first semiconductor
light emitter invented in 1960s.
Most photonics applications are in the
range of visible and near-infrared light.

3. Consumer
equipments
telecommunications Medical
therapy
Industrial
manufacturing
Military Photonic
computing

4. Laser beam machining (L.B.M.) is a non
traditional subtracting machining.
It directs laser towards the work piece for
machining.
This process uses thermal energy to remove
material from metallic and non-metallic
surfaces.
The high frequency of light will fall on the
surface then heating, melting, and vaporizing
of the material take place due to impinge of
photons.
Laser beamVaporized
material
Molten
layer
work piece

5. Laser Cutting
The process of cutting a shape to create smaller sizes, pieces,
or more complex shapes.
Laser Engraving
Engraving is the process of removing a layer of a material to
leave an engraving below.
Laser Marking
Marking is similar to engraving process but the difference is
that the mark is only on the surface level.
Laser Drilling
The process of creating dents or thru-holes on or in the surface
of a material.

6. 1
2
3
4
5
L.B.M. can be focused to a small area.
No need of extra finishing because it is highly precise and accurate.
It can produce 100 MW of power for a square millimeter of area.
Nearly all types of materials can be cut or engraved.
Cost of maintaining is low.

7. 1
2
3
4
Installation cost is high.
Handling and maintaining the machine requires highly trained
individuals.
Consumes more energy.
Deep cuts are difficult with work pieces with high melting points.

8. L.B.M. is mostly used in automobile, aerospace,
shipbuilding, electronics, steel, and medical industries
for machining complex parts with precision.
In heavy manufacturing industries, it is used for drilling
and cladding, seam and spot welding among others.
In light manufacturing industries, it is used for engraving
and drilling other metals.
In electronic industry, it is used for joining ends of
circuit and wire stripping.
In medical industry, it is used for hair removal and
cosmetic surgery.