After abandonment, the agricultural land is exposed to sun, deprived of moisture and essential nutrients. Only those trees that can resist such harsh conditions can grow. The pine trees have the ability to grow in such conditions and their seedlings florish under sunlight in open areas. However, the seedlings are competing with environment to get foothold on land. After establishing a good growth, the patches of areas are formed among pine trees which create an moist environment of partial shade. These shady conditions are not good for the growth of pine seedlings. As a result shade tolerant hardwood trees start to invade and continue their growth relentessly. Solution After abandonment, the agricultural land is exposed to sun, deprived of moisture and essential nutrients. Only those trees that can resist such harsh conditions can grow. The pine trees have the ability to grow in such conditions and their seedlings florish under sunlight in open areas. However, the seedlings are competing with environment to get foothold on land. After establishing a good growth, the patches of areas are formed among pine trees which create an moist environment of partial shade. These shady conditions are not good for the growth of pine seedlings. As a result shade tolerant hardwood trees start to invade and continue their growth relentessly..

1. After abandonment, the agricultural land is exposed to sun, deprived of moisture and essential
nutrients. Only those trees that can resist such harsh conditions can grow. The pine trees have the
ability to grow in such conditions and their seedlings florish under sunlight in open areas.
However, the seedlings are competing with environment to get foothold on land. After
establishing a good growth, the patches of areas are formed among pine trees which create an
moist environment of partial shade. These shady conditions are not good for the growth of pine
seedlings. As a result shade tolerant hardwood trees start to invade and continue their growth
relentessly.
Solution
After abandonment, the agricultural land is exposed to sun, deprived of moisture and essential
nutrients. Only those trees that can resist such harsh conditions can grow. The pine trees have the
ability to grow in such conditions and their seedlings florish under sunlight in open areas.
However, the seedlings are competing with environment to get foothold on land. After
establishing a good growth, the patches of areas are formed among pine trees which create an
moist environment of partial shade. These shady conditions are not good for the growth of pine
seedlings. As a result shade tolerant hardwood trees start to invade and continue their growth
relentessly.