1. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
The field of computer science known as artificial intelligence (AI) attempts to develop
computer systems that can mimic or simulates human senses , thought , processes and actions . These
include reasoning , learning from past actions and using senses such as vision and touch . Artificial
intelligence that corresponds to human intelligence is a long way off . However , several tools that
emulate human senses , problem solving and information processing have been developed .
These modern application of artificial intelligence are designed to help people and
organizations become more productive . Many of these tools have practical applications for business ,
medicine , law and so on . In the past , computer used calculating power to solve structured problems ,
which can be broken down into a series of a well-defined steps . People-using intuition ,reasoning and
memory-were better at solving unstructured problems ,whether building a product or approving a loan.
organizations have long been able to computerize the tasks once performed by clerks . Now knowledge-
intensive work and unstructured problems ,such as activity performed by many managers ,are being
automated .
2. Three areas in which human talents and abilities have been enhanced with
“computerized intelligence”:
3. Virtual reality
virtual reality is an artificial , or stimulated ,reality generated in 3-D by a computer .
Virtual reality is also commonly known as VR , artificial reality ,or hardware including
headgears and gloves . The headgears has earphones and three dimensional stereoscopic
screens (one type is called Eye phones ) . The gloves has sensors that collect data about
your hand movements (one type is called data glove ) . Coupled with software ,this
interactive sensory equipment lets you immerse yourself in a computer-generated world.
4. Virtual reality modeling language (VRML) is used to create real time animated 3-D
scenes . Hundreds of sites exist on the Web with virtual reality applications .users are
able to experience these applications with browsers that support (VRML) .
Creating virtual reality programs once required very-high-end software costing several
thousands of dollars . Recently several lower cast yet powerful authoring programs have
been introduced . One of the best known is Second Life from Linden Labs ,which allows
users to create animated characters to represent themselves and to develop their own
environment .
5. KNOWLEDGE-BASED (EXPERT)SYSTEM
People who are expert in particular area-certain kinds of medicine , accounting ,
engineering and so on-are generally well-paid for their specialized knowledge .
Unfortunately for their clients and customers , these experts are expensive , not always
available and hard to replace when they move on .
Knowledge based expert system are a type of artificial intelligence that uses a
database to provide assistance to users . These systems use a database or a input to
formulate recommendation and decisions . The sequence of processing is determined
by the interaction of the user and the knowledge base .
6. Many expert system use so-called fuzzy logic , which allows users to respond to
questions in a very humanlike way .
Over the past decade , expert systems have been developed in areas such as medicine ,
geology , architecture and nature . There are expert system with such name as Oil Spill
advisor , Bird Species Identification and even Midwives Assistants . A system called Grain
Marketing Advisor helps farmer select a best way to market their grain .
7. ROBOTICS
Robotics is the field of study concerned with developing and using robots . Robots
are computer-controlled machines that mimic the motor activities of living things . Some
robots can even solve unstructured problems using artificial intelligence .
Robots are used in factories , manufacturing , home security , the military and many
other fields of human endeavor . They differ from other assembly line machines because
they can be reprogrammed to do more than one task . Robots often are used to handle
dangerous ,repetitive tasks .
