Profitability IndexProject 1Project 2Yearcash flowpresent .pdf

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Profitability Index Project 1 Project 2 Year cash flow present value of cash inflow = cash flow/(1+r)^n r= 10% Year cash flow present value of cash inflow = cash flow/(1+r)^n r= 10% 0 -61000 -61000 0 -18300 -18300 1 34000 30909.09 1 9850 8954.545 2 34000 28099.17 2 9850 8140.496 3 34000 25544.7 3 9850 7400.451 sum of present value of cash flow 84552.97 sum of present value of cash flow 24495.49 sum of present value of cash outflow 61000 sum of present value of cash outflow 18300 profitability index sum of present value of cash inflow/cash outflow 1.386114 profitability index sum of present value of cash inflow/cash outflow 1.338551 Project Project 1 NPV Project 1 Project 2 Year cash flow present value of cash inflow = cash flow/(1+r)^n r= 10% Year cash flow present value of cash inflow = cash flow/(1+r)^n r= 10% 0 -61000 -61000 0 -18300 -18300 1 34000 30909.09 1 9850 8954.545 2 34000 28099.17 2 9850 8140.496 3 34000 25544.7 3 9850 7400.451 sum of present value of cash flow 84552.97 sum of present value of cash flow 24495.49 sum of present value of cash outflow 61000 sum of present value of cash outflow 18300 NPV sum of present value of cash inflow-cash outflow 23552.97 NPV sum of present value of cash inflow-cash outflow 6195.492 Project 1 Profitability Index Project 1 Project 2 Year cash flow present value of cash inflow = cash flow/(1+r)^n r= 10% Year cash flow present value of cash inflow = cash flow/(1+r)^n r= 10% 0 -61000 -61000 0 -18300 -18300 1 34000 30909.09 1 9850 8954.545 2 34000 28099.17 2 9850 8140.496 3 34000 25544.7 3 9850 7400.451 sum of present value of cash flow 84552.97 sum of present value of cash flow 24495.49 sum of present value of cash outflow 61000 sum of present value of cash outflow 18300 profitability index sum of present value of cash inflow/cash outflow 1.386114 profitability index sum of present value of cash inflow/cash outflow 1.338551 Project Project 1 NPV Project 1 Project 2 Year cash flow present value of cash inflow = cash flow/(1+r)^n r= 10% Year cash flow present value of cash inflow = cash flow/(1+r)^n r= 10% 0 -61000 -61000 0 -18300 -18300 1 34000 30909.09 1 9850 8954.545 2 34000 28099.17 2 9850 8140.496 3 34000 25544.7 3 9850 7400.451 sum of present value of cash flow 84552.97 sum of present value of cash flow 24495.49 sum of present value of cash outflow 61000 sum of present value of cash outflow 18300 NPV sum of present value of cash inflow-cash outflow 23552.97 NPV sum of present value of cash inflow-cash outflow 6195.492 Project 1 Solution Profitability Index Project 1 Project 2 Year cash flow present value of cash inflow = cash flow/(1+r)^n r= 10% Year cash flow present value of cash inflow = cash flow/(1+r)^n r= 10% 0 -61000 -61000 0 -18300 -18300 1 34000 30909.09 1 9850 8954.545 2 34000 28099.17 2 9850 8140.496 3 34000 25544.7 3 9850 7400.451 sum of present value of cash flow 84552.97 sum of present value of cash flow 24495.49 sum of present value of cash outflow 61000 sum of present value of ca.

Education

sum of present value of cash flow
24495.49
sum of present value of cash outflow
61000
sum of present value of cash outflow
18300
profitability index
sum of present value of cash inflow/cash outflow
1.386114
profitability index
sum of present value of cash inflow/cash outflow
1.338551
Project
Project 1
NPV
Project 1
Project 2
Year
cash flow
present value of cash inflow = cash flow/(1+r)^n r= 10%
Year
cash flow
present value of cash inflow = cash flow/(1+r)^n r= 10%
0
-61000
-61000
0
-18300
-18300
1
34000
30909.09
1
9850
8954.545
2

34000
28099.17
2
9850
8140.496
3
34000
25544.7
3
9850
7400.451
sum of present value of cash flow
84552.97
sum of present value of cash flow
24495.49
sum of present value of cash outflow
61000
sum of present value of cash outflow
18300
NPV
sum of present value of cash inflow-cash outflow
23552.97
NPV
sum of present value of cash inflow-cash outflow
6195.492
Project 1
Profitability Index
Project 1
Project 2
Year
cash flow
present value of cash inflow = cash flow/(1+r)^n r= 10%
Year
cash flow
present value of cash inflow = cash flow/(1+r)^n r= 10%
0

-61000
-61000
0
-18300
-18300
1
34000
30909.09
1
9850
8954.545
2
34000
28099.17
2
9850
8140.496
3
34000
25544.7
3
9850
7400.451
sum of present value of cash flow
84552.97
sum of present value of cash flow
24495.49
sum of present value of cash outflow
61000
sum of present value of cash outflow
18300
profitability index
sum of present value of cash inflow/cash outflow
1.386114
profitability index
sum of present value of cash inflow/cash outflow

1.338551
Project
Project 1
NPV
Project 1
Project 2
Year
cash flow
present value of cash inflow = cash flow/(1+r)^n r= 10%
Year
cash flow
present value of cash inflow = cash flow/(1+r)^n r= 10%
0
-61000
-61000
0
-18300
-18300
1
34000
30909.09
1
9850
8954.545
2
34000
28099.17
2
9850
8140.496
3
34000
25544.7
3
9850
7400.451

sum of present value of cash flow
84552.97
sum of present value of cash flow
24495.49
sum of present value of cash outflow
61000
sum of present value of cash outflow
18300
NPV
sum of present value of cash inflow-cash outflow
23552.97
NPV
sum of present value of cash inflow-cash outflow
6195.492
Project 1
Solution
Profitability Index
Project 1
Project 2
Year
cash flow
present value of cash inflow = cash flow/(1+r)^n r= 10%
Year
cash flow
present value of cash inflow = cash flow/(1+r)^n r= 10%
0
-61000
-61000
0
-18300
-18300
1
34000
30909.09

1
9850
8954.545
2
34000
28099.17
2
9850
8140.496
3
34000
25544.7
3
9850
7400.451
sum of present value of cash flow
84552.97
sum of present value of cash flow
24495.49
sum of present value of cash outflow
61000
sum of present value of cash outflow
18300
profitability index
sum of present value of cash inflow/cash outflow
1.386114
profitability index
sum of present value of cash inflow/cash outflow
1.338551
Project
Project 1
NPV
Project 1
Project 2
Year
cash flow

present value of cash inflow = cash flow/(1+r)^n r= 10%
Year
cash flow
present value of cash inflow = cash flow/(1+r)^n r= 10%
0
-61000
-61000
0
-18300
-18300
1
34000
30909.09
1
9850
8954.545
2
34000
28099.17
2
9850
8140.496
3
34000
25544.7
3
9850
7400.451
sum of present value of cash flow
84552.97
sum of present value of cash flow
24495.49
sum of present value of cash outflow
61000
sum of present value of cash outflow
18300

NPV
sum of present value of cash inflow-cash outflow
23552.97
NPV
sum of present value of cash inflow-cash outflow
6195.492
Project 1
Profitability Index
Project 1
Project 2
Year
cash flow
present value of cash inflow = cash flow/(1+r)^n r= 10%
Year
cash flow
present value of cash inflow = cash flow/(1+r)^n r= 10%
0
-61000
-61000
0
-18300
-18300
1
34000
30909.09
1
9850
8954.545
2
34000
28099.17
2
9850
8140.496
3
34000

25544.7
3
9850
7400.451
sum of present value of cash flow
84552.97
sum of present value of cash flow
24495.49
sum of present value of cash outflow
61000
sum of present value of cash outflow
18300
profitability index
sum of present value of cash inflow/cash outflow
1.386114
profitability index
sum of present value of cash inflow/cash outflow
1.338551
Project
Project 1
NPV
Project 1
Project 2
Year
cash flow
present value of cash inflow = cash flow/(1+r)^n r= 10%
Year
cash flow
present value of cash inflow = cash flow/(1+r)^n r= 10%
0
-61000
-61000
0
-18300
-18300
1

34000
30909.09
1
9850
8954.545
2
34000
28099.17
2
9850
8140.496
3
34000
25544.7
3
9850
7400.451
sum of present value of cash flow
84552.97
sum of present value of cash flow
24495.49
sum of present value of cash outflow
61000
sum of present value of cash outflow
18300
NPV
sum of present value of cash inflow-cash outflow
23552.97
NPV
sum of present value of cash inflow-cash outflow
6195.492
Project 1

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ChapterTool KitChapter 1011/20/18 The Basics of Capital Budgeting: Evaluating Cash Flows10-1 An Overview of Capital BudgetingCapital budgeting is the process of analyzing projects and deciding which ones to accept.10-2 The First Step in Project AnalysisThe capital budgeting process begins with estimating a project's expected cash flows. We explain this in the next chapter.The next step is to put the estimated cash flows and other inputs (primarily the project's cost of capital) on a time line, as shown below. The figure below also reports evaluation measures, which we explain in the next sections.Figure 10-1Cash Flows and Selected Evaluation Measures for Projects S and L (Millions of Dollars)Panel A: Inputs for Project Cash Flows and Cost of Capital, rINPUTS:r =10%Initial Cost and Expected Cash FlowsYear01234Project S−$10,000$5,300$4,300$1,874$1,500Project L−$10,000$1,600$2,364$2,469$8,400Panel B: Summary of Selected Evaluation MeasuresProject SProject LNet present value, NPV$804.38$1,000.57Internal rate of return, IRR14.7%13.5%Modified IRR, MIRR12.1%12.7%Profitability index, PI1.081.10Payback2.213.42Discounted payback3.213.83Note: Numbers in the figure are shown as rounded values for clarity in reporting. However unrounded values are used for all calculations.10-3 Net Present Value (NPV)To calculate the NPV, we find the present value of the individual cash flows and then sum those discounted cash flows. The sum is the value the project adds to or subtracts from shareholder wealth.Figure 10-2Finding the NPV for Projects S and L (Millions of Dollars)INPUTS:r =10%Initial Cost and Expected Cash FlowsYear01234Project S−$10,000$5,300$4,300$1,874$1,5004,818←← ↵ ↓ ↓ ↓3,554← ← ← ← ← ← ←← ↵ ↓ ↓1,408← ← ← ← ← ← ← ← ← ← ← ← ←← ↵ ↓1,025← ← ← ← ← ← ← ← ← ← ← ← ← ← ← ← ← ← ←← ↵NPVS = $804Long way: Sum the PVs of the CFs to find NPVInitial Cost and Expected Cash FlowsYear01234Project L−$10,000$1,600$2,364$2,469$8,400NPVL = $1,001Short way: Use Excel's NPV function. =NPV(B47,C59:F59)+B59Note: Numbers in the figure are shown as rounded values for clarity in reporting. However unrounded values are used for all calculations.10-4 Internal Rate of Return (IRR)The internal rate of return is defined as the discount rate that equates the present value of a project's cash inflows to its outflows. In other words, the internal rate of return is the interest rate that forces NPV to zero. The calculation for IRR can be tedious, but Excel provides an IRR function that merely requires you to access the function and enter the array of cash flows. The IRRs for Project S and L are shown below, along with the data entry for Project S.Figure 10-3Finding the IRR for Projects S and L (Millions of Dollars)INPUTS:Initial Cost and Expected Cash FlowsYear01234Project S−$10,000$5,300$4,300$1,874$1,5004,621.33←← ↵ ↓ ↓ ↓3,269.26← ← ← ← ← ← ...

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False.Main reason is sediments around the delta.SolutionFals.pdf

anoopkhandelwal30

compP/compA are two component systems for regulating response and gene expression in response to cell density. Genetic competence in Bacillus Subtilis is that physiological state which enables bacteria to bind to attain high molecular weight exogenous DNA. In Bacillus subtilis, competence develops postexponentially and only in particular media. One of the mechanism is Natural competence, and it is subjected to three regulatory modes: growth stage specific, nutritionally responsive, and cell type specific. Virulence proteases expression by ComP/ComA : When an ComP/ComA complex shows impact on neamtoxic activites in B. subtilis. We can see change in protein hydrolysis and mortality rare of nematode. When an strain ComP mutant and comP, we can see in comP protease activity has been lost. In case of Compotent ComP mutant these functions are normal. This proves the there is a strong propational relationship between ComP/ComA complex and protein hydrolysis for virulence . comP, comA, mutations were known to severely impair competence. Each mutation also causes a reduction in srfA expression. by expressing srfA independently of ComP, ComA, and SpoOK and determining whether this will permit competence development. The results showed that the PspacsrfA construction provides the means to address this issue, as expression of Pspac-srfA does not require ComP, ComA. Solution compP/compA are two component systems for regulating response and gene expression in response to cell density. Genetic competence in Bacillus Subtilis is that physiological state which enables bacteria to bind to attain high molecular weight exogenous DNA. In Bacillus subtilis, competence develops postexponentially and only in particular media. One of the mechanism is Natural competence, and it is subjected to three regulatory modes: growth stage specific, nutritionally responsive, and cell type specific. Virulence proteases expression by ComP/ComA : When an ComP/ComA complex shows impact on neamtoxic activites in B. subtilis. We can see change in protein hydrolysis and mortality rare of nematode. When an strain ComP mutant and comP, we can see in comP protease activity has been lost. In case of Compotent ComP mutant these functions are normal. This proves the there is a strong propational relationship between ComP/ComA complex and protein hydrolysis for virulence . comP, comA, mutations were known to severely impair competence. Each mutation also causes a reduction in srfA expression. by expressing srfA independently of ComP, ComA, and SpoOK and determining whether this will permit competence development. The results showed that the PspacsrfA construction provides the means to address this issue, as expression of Pspac-srfA does not require ComP, ComA..

compPcompA are two component systems for regulating response and ge.pdf

anoopkhandelwal30

can you please repost the question...its not properly readable.pdf

anoopkhandelwal30

Contribution of atom at corners = 1/8 Contribution of atom at edges = 1/4 Contribution of atom at centres = 1 Contribution of atom at face = 1/2 So total no. of F = 8x1/4 + 2 = 4 so total no. of Xe = 8x1/8 +1 =2 So Xe2F4 = XeF2 Solution Contribution of atom at corners = 1/8 Contribution of atom at edges = 1/4 Contribution of atom at centres = 1 Contribution of atom at face = 1/2 So total no. of F = 8x1/4 + 2 = 4 so total no. of Xe = 8x1/8 +1 =2 So Xe2F4 = XeF2.

Contribution of atom at corners = 18 Contributio.pdf

anoopkhandelwal30

Autocrine signals affect only cells that are of the same cell type as the emitting cell. ================================================================= Explanation: Endocrine signs are created by exceptional endocrine cells[?] that utilization exocytosis to bring the hormones into the circulation system. The flag achieves for all intents and purposes each cell in the body. Paracrine signs are radiated by dissemination and target just cells in the region of the emanating cell. The radiated hormones are additionally called tissue hormones. An extraordinary instance of paracrine signs are neurotransmitters, that transmit the flag by means of neurotransmitters just over a short separation, to a solitary receptor cell. Autocrine signals influence just cells that are of a similar cell sort as the emanating cell. A case for autocrine signs is found in resistant cells. Juxtacrine signs are transmitted along cell layers by means of protein or lipid parts essential to the film and are fit for influencing either the radiating cell or cells promptly neighboring. Solution Autocrine signals affect only cells that are of the same cell type as the emitting cell. ================================================================= Explanation: Endocrine signs are created by exceptional endocrine cells[?] that utilization exocytosis to bring the hormones into the circulation system. The flag achieves for all intents and purposes each cell in the body. Paracrine signs are radiated by dissemination and target just cells in the region of the emanating cell. The radiated hormones are additionally called tissue hormones. An extraordinary instance of paracrine signs are neurotransmitters, that transmit the flag by means of neurotransmitters just over a short separation, to a solitary receptor cell. Autocrine signals influence just cells that are of a similar cell sort as the emanating cell. A case for autocrine signs is found in resistant cells. Juxtacrine signs are transmitted along cell layers by means of protein or lipid parts essential to the film and are fit for influencing either the radiating cell or cells promptly neighboring..

Autocrine signals affect only cells that are of the same cell type a.pdf

anoopkhandelwal30

C and D are the answers. Solution .pdf

anoopkhandelwal30

a) PEST: A destructive insect or other animal that attacks crops, food,livestocks, etc. The term pest may be used to refer specifically to harmful animals but is also often taken to mean all harmful organisms including weeds, plant pathogenic fungi and viruses. b) LIVESTOCK: Livestock are domesticated animals raised in an agricultural setting to produce commodities such as food, fiber, and labor. The term is often used to refer solely to those raised for food, and sometimes only farmed ruminants, such as chicken, cattle and goats. C) SYMPOTOMS, DISEASES and DAMAGE: Agricultural and domesticated animals are attacked by mites and ticks, insects, and animal predators. These pests affect animal productivity by: Livestock disease management is made up of two key components: 1) Prevention (biosecurity) measures in susceptible herds 2) Control measures taken once infection occurs. The probability of infection from a given disease depends on existing farm practices (prevention) as well as the prevalence rate in host populations in the relevant area. As the prevalence in the area increases, the probability of infection increases. Prevention Measures: Preventing diseases entering and spreading in livestock populations is the most efficient and cost-effective way of managing disease (Wobeser, 2002). While many approaches to management are disease specific, improved regulation of movements of livestock can provide broader protection. A standard disease prevention programme that can apply in all contexts does not exist. But there are some basic principles that should always be observed. The following practices aid in disease prevention: d) SURVEILLANCE, CONTROL MEASURES and DIAGNOSIS: Disease surveillance allows the identification of new infections and changes to existing ones. This involves disease reporting and specimen submission by livestock owners, village veterinary staff, district and provincial veterinary officers. The method used to combat a disease outbreak depends on the severity of the outbreak. In the event of a disease outbreak the precise location of all livestock is essential for effective measures to control and eradicate contagious viruses. Restrictions on animal movements may be required as well as quarantine and, in extreme cases, slaughter. The major impacts of climate change on livestock diseases have been on diseases that are vector- borne. Increasing temperatures have supported the expansion of vector populations into cooler areas. Such cooler areas can be either higher altitude systems (for example, livestock tick-borne diseases) or more temperate zones (for example, the outbreak of bluetongue disease in northern Europe). Changes in rainfall pattern can also influence an expansion of vectors during wetter years and can lead to large outbreaks. Climate changes could also influence disease distribution indirectly through changes in the distribution of livestock. Improving livestock disease control is therefore an effective technolog.

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1. Profitability Index Project 1 Project 2 Year cash flow present value of cash inflow = cash flow/(1+r)^n r= 10% Year cash flow present value of cash inflow = cash flow/(1+r)^n r= 10% 0 -61000 -61000 0 -18300 -18300 1 34000 30909.09 1 9850 8954.545 2 34000 28099.17 2 9850 8140.496 3 34000 25544.7 3 9850 7400.451 sum of present value of cash flow 84552.97

2. sum of present value of cash flow 24495.49 sum of present value of cash outflow 61000 sum of present value of cash outflow 18300 profitability index sum of present value of cash inflow/cash outflow 1.386114 profitability index sum of present value of cash inflow/cash outflow 1.338551 Project Project 1 NPV Project 1 Project 2 Year cash flow present value of cash inflow = cash flow/(1+r)^n r= 10% Year cash flow present value of cash inflow = cash flow/(1+r)^n r= 10% 0 -61000 -61000 0 -18300 -18300 1 34000 30909.09 1 9850 8954.545 2

3. 34000 28099.17 2 9850 8140.496 3 34000 25544.7 3 9850 7400.451 sum of present value of cash flow 84552.97 sum of present value of cash flow 24495.49 sum of present value of cash outflow 61000 sum of present value of cash outflow 18300 NPV sum of present value of cash inflow-cash outflow 23552.97 NPV sum of present value of cash inflow-cash outflow 6195.492 Project 1 Profitability Index Project 1 Project 2 Year cash flow present value of cash inflow = cash flow/(1+r)^n r= 10% Year cash flow present value of cash inflow = cash flow/(1+r)^n r= 10% 0

4. -61000 -61000 0 -18300 -18300 1 34000 30909.09 1 9850 8954.545 2 34000 28099.17 2 9850 8140.496 3 34000 25544.7 3 9850 7400.451 sum of present value of cash flow 84552.97 sum of present value of cash flow 24495.49 sum of present value of cash outflow 61000 sum of present value of cash outflow 18300 profitability index sum of present value of cash inflow/cash outflow 1.386114 profitability index sum of present value of cash inflow/cash outflow

5. 1.338551 Project Project 1 NPV Project 1 Project 2 Year cash flow present value of cash inflow = cash flow/(1+r)^n r= 10% Year cash flow present value of cash inflow = cash flow/(1+r)^n r= 10% 0 -61000 -61000 0 -18300 -18300 1 34000 30909.09 1 9850 8954.545 2 34000 28099.17 2 9850 8140.496 3 34000 25544.7 3 9850 7400.451

6. sum of present value of cash flow 84552.97 sum of present value of cash flow 24495.49 sum of present value of cash outflow 61000 sum of present value of cash outflow 18300 NPV sum of present value of cash inflow-cash outflow 23552.97 NPV sum of present value of cash inflow-cash outflow 6195.492 Project 1 Solution Profitability Index Project 1 Project 2 Year cash flow present value of cash inflow = cash flow/(1+r)^n r= 10% Year cash flow present value of cash inflow = cash flow/(1+r)^n r= 10% 0 -61000 -61000 0 -18300 -18300 1 34000 30909.09

7. 1 9850 8954.545 2 34000 28099.17 2 9850 8140.496 3 34000 25544.7 3 9850 7400.451 sum of present value of cash flow 84552.97 sum of present value of cash flow 24495.49 sum of present value of cash outflow 61000 sum of present value of cash outflow 18300 profitability index sum of present value of cash inflow/cash outflow 1.386114 profitability index sum of present value of cash inflow/cash outflow 1.338551 Project Project 1 NPV Project 1 Project 2 Year cash flow

8. present value of cash inflow = cash flow/(1+r)^n r= 10% Year cash flow present value of cash inflow = cash flow/(1+r)^n r= 10% 0 -61000 -61000 0 -18300 -18300 1 34000 30909.09 1 9850 8954.545 2 34000 28099.17 2 9850 8140.496 3 34000 25544.7 3 9850 7400.451 sum of present value of cash flow 84552.97 sum of present value of cash flow 24495.49 sum of present value of cash outflow 61000 sum of present value of cash outflow 18300

9. NPV sum of present value of cash inflow-cash outflow 23552.97 NPV sum of present value of cash inflow-cash outflow 6195.492 Project 1 Profitability Index Project 1 Project 2 Year cash flow present value of cash inflow = cash flow/(1+r)^n r= 10% Year cash flow present value of cash inflow = cash flow/(1+r)^n r= 10% 0 -61000 -61000 0 -18300 -18300 1 34000 30909.09 1 9850 8954.545 2 34000 28099.17 2 9850 8140.496 3 34000

10. 25544.7 3 9850 7400.451 sum of present value of cash flow 84552.97 sum of present value of cash flow 24495.49 sum of present value of cash outflow 61000 sum of present value of cash outflow 18300 profitability index sum of present value of cash inflow/cash outflow 1.386114 profitability index sum of present value of cash inflow/cash outflow 1.338551 Project Project 1 NPV Project 1 Project 2 Year cash flow present value of cash inflow = cash flow/(1+r)^n r= 10% Year cash flow present value of cash inflow = cash flow/(1+r)^n r= 10% 0 -61000 -61000 0 -18300 -18300 1

11. 34000 30909.09 1 9850 8954.545 2 34000 28099.17 2 9850 8140.496 3 34000 25544.7 3 9850 7400.451 sum of present value of cash flow 84552.97 sum of present value of cash flow 24495.49 sum of present value of cash outflow 61000 sum of present value of cash outflow 18300 NPV sum of present value of cash inflow-cash outflow 23552.97 NPV sum of present value of cash inflow-cash outflow 6195.492 Project 1

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