The Austin Blind Salamander cannot see because of the adaptation to .pdf
•
0 likes•1 view
The Austin Blind Salamander cannot see because of the adaptation to environment .In deep spring light is not required so there is no need of eye,so eye remain vestigial to them . Genetic drift and direct and indirect selection occurred during loss of eye for adaptation in dark .Transposons and mutation for better could have made possible such changes. During evolution mutation through transposon led to several changes according to the adaptation to the environment. Solution The Austin Blind Salamander cannot see because of the adaptation to environment .In deep spring light is not required so there is no need of eye,so eye remain vestigial to them . Genetic drift and direct and indirect selection occurred during loss of eye for adaptation in dark .Transposons and mutation for better could have made possible such changes. During evolution mutation through transposon led to several changes according to the adaptation to the environment..
Report
Share
Report
Share
Download to read offline
Recommended
molecular mass of NaF = 42gm thus, moles of NaF =.pdf
molecular mass of NaF = 42gm thus, moles of NaF = 30/42 = 0.714 [NaF] =
moles/volume = 0.714/1 = 0.714M [HF] = 1.00M pH = pKa + log[NaF]/[HF] pH = 3.17 +
log(0.714/1.00) pH = 3.02
Solution
molecular mass of NaF = 42gm thus, moles of NaF = 30/42 = 0.714 [NaF] =
moles/volume = 0.714/1 = 0.714M [HF] = 1.00M pH = pKa + log[NaF]/[HF] pH = 3.17 +
log(0.714/1.00) pH = 3.02.
The organisms which have Electron transport chain, are able to conve.pdf
The organisms which have Electron transport chain, are able to convert pyruvate to Acetyl CoA,
and then carry out aerobic respiration. The overall yield (in terms of ATP) is extremely higher in
aerobic respiration in comparison to anaerobic respiration (when fermentation of pyruvate is
done).
Such organisms which have electron transport chain are eukaryotes; and have mitochondria
and/or chloroplast. These two are double membrane structures found only in eukaryotes. In these
double membrane structures, the process of electron transport is carried out.
The electron acceptor at the end of electron transport chain in mitochondria is oxygen.
Solution
The organisms which have Electron transport chain, are able to convert pyruvate to Acetyl CoA,
and then carry out aerobic respiration. The overall yield (in terms of ATP) is extremely higher in
aerobic respiration in comparison to anaerobic respiration (when fermentation of pyruvate is
done).
Such organisms which have electron transport chain are eukaryotes; and have mitochondria
and/or chloroplast. These two are double membrane structures found only in eukaryotes. In these
double membrane structures, the process of electron transport is carried out.
The electron acceptor at the end of electron transport chain in mitochondria is oxygen..
Intensity The amplitude of electromagnetic waves.pdf
Intensity The amplitude of electromagnetic waves relates to its intensity or
brightness (as in the case of visible light).
Solution
Intensity The amplitude of electromagnetic waves relates to its intensity or
brightness (as in the case of visible light)..
The currently existing subphylums of the Phylum Arthropoda are, Ch.pdf
The currently existing subphylums of the Phylum Arthropoda are, Chelicerata and the
Mandibulata.
The characteristic of mandibulata is having one or more pairs of antennae and the mandibles.
Mandibles serve as the grinding mouthparts.
In contrast, the Chelicerata (consists of arachnids and horseshoe crabs) contains no antennae and
mandibles but contains mouth parts that are of pincher-like.
Solution
The currently existing subphylums of the Phylum Arthropoda are, Chelicerata and the
Mandibulata.
The characteristic of mandibulata is having one or more pairs of antennae and the mandibles.
Mandibles serve as the grinding mouthparts.
In contrast, the Chelicerata (consists of arachnids and horseshoe crabs) contains no antennae and
mandibles but contains mouth parts that are of pincher-like..
I figured it out.... thanks anyway .pdf
I figured it out.... thanks anyway
Solution
I figured it out.... thanks anyway.
Phloem is transport element or vascular tissue of plants. Phloem tra.pdf
Phloem is transport element or vascular tissue of plants. Phloem transports the sugars and
organic compounds synthesized in leaf to various plant parts. This mechanism of transport in
phloem is known as pressure flow. In the above given scenario, flow ewill occur from mature
leaf to apical bud and mature leaf to root. Therefore, options b and d are correct.
Solution
Phloem is transport element or vascular tissue of plants. Phloem transports the sugars and
organic compounds synthesized in leaf to various plant parts. This mechanism of transport in
phloem is known as pressure flow. In the above given scenario, flow ewill occur from mature
leaf to apical bud and mature leaf to root. Therefore, options b and d are correct..
New Haven is a city and a housing finance firm started in the city w.pdf
New Haven is a city and a housing finance firm started in the city with the same name. the
objective of this firm is promoting and encouraging the people who purchases homes. they will
provide supports from all the way to the buyers. they will provide coplete information about the
homes, the costs and even the loan facilities also. and they are doing well at their work.
here external factors to influence the organizaion structure is : size of the organization, existing
competition in the industry, governement regulations and demographic chages.
environmental factors includes social factors, geographic location and political factors.
internal factors represents: the work culture, tradition of the firm the management and their styles
in running the organisation and so on,.
Solution
New Haven is a city and a housing finance firm started in the city with the same name. the
objective of this firm is promoting and encouraging the people who purchases homes. they will
provide supports from all the way to the buyers. they will provide coplete information about the
homes, the costs and even the loan facilities also. and they are doing well at their work.
here external factors to influence the organizaion structure is : size of the organization, existing
competition in the industry, governement regulations and demographic chages.
environmental factors includes social factors, geographic location and political factors.
internal factors represents: the work culture, tradition of the firm the management and their styles
in running the organisation and so on,..
Mean = sum of all values Total no. of values = 24.0Variance = [ .pdf
Mean = sum of all values / Total no. of values = 24.0
Variance = [ (34-24)^2 + ( 42-24)^2 + ( 12-24)^2 + (10-24)^2 + (22-24)^2 ] / 5 = 153.6
Solution
Mean = sum of all values / Total no. of values = 24.0
Variance = [ (34-24)^2 + ( 42-24)^2 + ( 12-24)^2 + (10-24)^2 + (22-24)^2 ] / 5 = 153.6.
Recommended
molecular mass of NaF = 42gm thus, moles of NaF =.pdf
molecular mass of NaF = 42gm thus, moles of NaF = 30/42 = 0.714 [NaF] =
moles/volume = 0.714/1 = 0.714M [HF] = 1.00M pH = pKa + log[NaF]/[HF] pH = 3.17 +
log(0.714/1.00) pH = 3.02
Solution
molecular mass of NaF = 42gm thus, moles of NaF = 30/42 = 0.714 [NaF] =
moles/volume = 0.714/1 = 0.714M [HF] = 1.00M pH = pKa + log[NaF]/[HF] pH = 3.17 +
log(0.714/1.00) pH = 3.02.
The organisms which have Electron transport chain, are able to conve.pdf
The organisms which have Electron transport chain, are able to convert pyruvate to Acetyl CoA,
and then carry out aerobic respiration. The overall yield (in terms of ATP) is extremely higher in
aerobic respiration in comparison to anaerobic respiration (when fermentation of pyruvate is
done).
Such organisms which have electron transport chain are eukaryotes; and have mitochondria
and/or chloroplast. These two are double membrane structures found only in eukaryotes. In these
double membrane structures, the process of electron transport is carried out.
The electron acceptor at the end of electron transport chain in mitochondria is oxygen.
Solution
The organisms which have Electron transport chain, are able to convert pyruvate to Acetyl CoA,
and then carry out aerobic respiration. The overall yield (in terms of ATP) is extremely higher in
aerobic respiration in comparison to anaerobic respiration (when fermentation of pyruvate is
done).
Such organisms which have electron transport chain are eukaryotes; and have mitochondria
and/or chloroplast. These two are double membrane structures found only in eukaryotes. In these
double membrane structures, the process of electron transport is carried out.
The electron acceptor at the end of electron transport chain in mitochondria is oxygen..
Intensity The amplitude of electromagnetic waves.pdf
Intensity The amplitude of electromagnetic waves relates to its intensity or
brightness (as in the case of visible light).
Solution
Intensity The amplitude of electromagnetic waves relates to its intensity or
brightness (as in the case of visible light)..
The currently existing subphylums of the Phylum Arthropoda are, Ch.pdf
The currently existing subphylums of the Phylum Arthropoda are, Chelicerata and the
Mandibulata.
The characteristic of mandibulata is having one or more pairs of antennae and the mandibles.
Mandibles serve as the grinding mouthparts.
In contrast, the Chelicerata (consists of arachnids and horseshoe crabs) contains no antennae and
mandibles but contains mouth parts that are of pincher-like.
Solution
The currently existing subphylums of the Phylum Arthropoda are, Chelicerata and the
Mandibulata.
The characteristic of mandibulata is having one or more pairs of antennae and the mandibles.
Mandibles serve as the grinding mouthparts.
In contrast, the Chelicerata (consists of arachnids and horseshoe crabs) contains no antennae and
mandibles but contains mouth parts that are of pincher-like..
I figured it out.... thanks anyway .pdf
I figured it out.... thanks anyway
Solution
I figured it out.... thanks anyway.
Phloem is transport element or vascular tissue of plants. Phloem tra.pdf
Phloem is transport element or vascular tissue of plants. Phloem transports the sugars and
organic compounds synthesized in leaf to various plant parts. This mechanism of transport in
phloem is known as pressure flow. In the above given scenario, flow ewill occur from mature
leaf to apical bud and mature leaf to root. Therefore, options b and d are correct.
Solution
Phloem is transport element or vascular tissue of plants. Phloem transports the sugars and
organic compounds synthesized in leaf to various plant parts. This mechanism of transport in
phloem is known as pressure flow. In the above given scenario, flow ewill occur from mature
leaf to apical bud and mature leaf to root. Therefore, options b and d are correct..
New Haven is a city and a housing finance firm started in the city w.pdf
New Haven is a city and a housing finance firm started in the city with the same name. the
objective of this firm is promoting and encouraging the people who purchases homes. they will
provide supports from all the way to the buyers. they will provide coplete information about the
homes, the costs and even the loan facilities also. and they are doing well at their work.
here external factors to influence the organizaion structure is : size of the organization, existing
competition in the industry, governement regulations and demographic chages.
environmental factors includes social factors, geographic location and political factors.
internal factors represents: the work culture, tradition of the firm the management and their styles
in running the organisation and so on,.
Solution
New Haven is a city and a housing finance firm started in the city with the same name. the
objective of this firm is promoting and encouraging the people who purchases homes. they will
provide supports from all the way to the buyers. they will provide coplete information about the
homes, the costs and even the loan facilities also. and they are doing well at their work.
here external factors to influence the organizaion structure is : size of the organization, existing
competition in the industry, governement regulations and demographic chages.
environmental factors includes social factors, geographic location and political factors.
internal factors represents: the work culture, tradition of the firm the management and their styles
in running the organisation and so on,..
Mean = sum of all values Total no. of values = 24.0Variance = [ .pdf
Mean = sum of all values / Total no. of values = 24.0
Variance = [ (34-24)^2 + ( 42-24)^2 + ( 12-24)^2 + (10-24)^2 + (22-24)^2 ] / 5 = 153.6
Solution
Mean = sum of all values / Total no. of values = 24.0
Variance = [ (34-24)^2 + ( 42-24)^2 + ( 12-24)^2 + (10-24)^2 + (22-24)^2 ] / 5 = 153.6.
Microorganisms go for fermentation process when they lack Electron t.pdf
Microorganisms go for fermentation process when they lack Electron transport chain (ETC) i,.e
they are strict anaerobic microorganisms or the working of ETC get repressed (in anaerobic
condition).
The major and absolute aim of any living organism, be it human, plants, animals or
microorganisms to produce energy in the form of ATP in order to survive. There are many ways
to produce ATP. Major one is through oxidative phosphorylation in which oxygen is used as
final acceptor of electron during the process of ETC. Hence, such system will only work in
presence of aerobic environment. But what about those microorganisms who are anerobes or, if
some reason no oxygen is present in environment? In order to survive, these organisms evolve
themselves in such a way that even if ETC can\'t work due to absence of oxygen they can still
produce ATP by oxidizing NADH to NAD+. As reduced NAD+ being utlized during glycolysis
and hence, ATP is produced.
Therefore, if I summarise fermentation significance
1. It is a survival tool for microorganisms growth in absence of oxygen (anaerobic environment)
or for anaerobic bacteria
2.NADH is oxidized to NAD+ so that reduced NAD+ can be re-utilized during the process of
glycolysis
3. Since, no oxygen present therefore the final electron acceptor is often either pyruvate or a
pyruvate derivative. Thus substrate is partialy oxidized and hence, ATP is formed by substrate
level phospohorylation.
Members of the family Enterobacteriaceae have the ability to metabolize pyruvate into numerous
products by utilizing several pathways simultaneously and hence resulted in excretion of various
mixture of acids (acetic, lactic, succinic) and ethanols. This is known as the mixed acid
fermentation.
Solution
Microorganisms go for fermentation process when they lack Electron transport chain (ETC) i,.e
they are strict anaerobic microorganisms or the working of ETC get repressed (in anaerobic
condition).
The major and absolute aim of any living organism, be it human, plants, animals or
microorganisms to produce energy in the form of ATP in order to survive. There are many ways
to produce ATP. Major one is through oxidative phosphorylation in which oxygen is used as
final acceptor of electron during the process of ETC. Hence, such system will only work in
presence of aerobic environment. But what about those microorganisms who are anerobes or, if
some reason no oxygen is present in environment? In order to survive, these organisms evolve
themselves in such a way that even if ETC can\'t work due to absence of oxygen they can still
produce ATP by oxidizing NADH to NAD+. As reduced NAD+ being utlized during glycolysis
and hence, ATP is produced.
Therefore, if I summarise fermentation significance
1. It is a survival tool for microorganisms growth in absence of oxygen (anaerobic environment)
or for anaerobic bacteria
2.NADH is oxidized to NAD+ so that reduced NAD+ can be re-utilized during the process of
glycolysis
3. Since, no oxygen present th.
can you provide a picture of that data we don.pdf
can you provide a picture of that data?? we don\'t have that book
Solution
can you provide a picture of that data?? we don\'t have that book.
Answer A The financial executive in a small business is a key dec.pdf
Answer A :
The financial executive in a small business is a key decision maker, often the second most
important decision maker in the organization besides the owner. He makes daily decisions that
affect the company’s cash position and its overall financial health -- including the company’s
ability to grow and expand
Dealing With Cash Shortages:
A financial Executive at times may be faced with difficult choices because the company does not
have sufficient cash available to pay important expenses. He may have to choose, for example,
between making a tax payment on time and making a loan payment on time. Missing the tax
payment can result in the company being charged penalties and interest. Missing the loan
payment could jeopardize the company’s relationship with a lender that the business owner
hoped to obtain additional financing from in the future.
Short-Run Vision
A financial Executive’s natural conservatism -- wanting to make sure the company always has
sufficient cash -- can cause him to recommend against expenditures that would allow the
company to take advantage of opportunities for growth. He may urge the business owner to not
proceed with an acquisition opportunity that has been presented to the company because he
believes from a financial standpoint that the company cannot afford the cost of the acquisition.
Investment Decisions:
The financial executive to support Financial Manager’s is in charge of investing the company’s
accumulated cash -- its net profit after expenses have been paid. As with personal investing, he
must choose between safe investments with little upside potential and those that could appreciate
in value but carry the risk of loss of principal in a stock market downturn. Erring on the side of
caution can result in the company earning less on its investments than the owner of the company
would expect.
Overreaction to Business Downturns
When the company experiences a sales downturn, the Financial Executive may convince the
business owner that drastic steps to conserve cash are required, such as laying off personnel or
cutting the marketing manager’s budget. The latter decision can result in accelerating a sales
decline. Layoffs can drain valuable talent from the organization and cause a general decline in
morale.
Receivables and Payables Policies
A standard financial management principle is to collect receivables due to the company as
quickly as possible and to pay invoices owed to vendors as slowly as is feasible. If the Financial
Executive is over zealous in his collection efforts with customers who are paying slowly, he can
damage customer relationships that have been carefully nurtured by the business owner and the
marketing department. Similarly, his decision to delay payables as long as possible can cause
vendors to demand stricter terms on future orders -- including prepayment.
Capital Structure
Many companies require outside capital -- debt or equity -- to fund the growth of the business.
The Financial Executi.
I have been in college and I am very well aware of the things that I.pdf
I have been in college and I am very well aware of the things that I required / needed at that time.
1. Motivation from Family, friends, relatives - Motivation from the family and friends is very
important. I gives the strength and self belief for a student to perform well. So 1st thing the
people in a student\'s life can do to help him/her prepare for college.
2. Support in solving queries - Students get stuck many times while preparing for college.
Support is required at that time that can be provided interms of helping that with the questions
and queries.
3. Time - It is very important. Do not pressurise the student with the burden to get highest grade.
Every student has his own abilities and as a family members and friends, it should be understood
and proper time should be given to prepare.
4. Expectations - Do not force your expectations on the student. Getting 1st rank is not the forte
of every student. and this should be understood clearly. Student will perform as per his / her
ability. Do not burden him/her with your expectations.
5. Celebrate - Celebrate every little success. This will keep the student motivated.
Solution
I have been in college and I am very well aware of the things that I required / needed at that time.
1. Motivation from Family, friends, relatives - Motivation from the family and friends is very
important. I gives the strength and self belief for a student to perform well. So 1st thing the
people in a student\'s life can do to help him/her prepare for college.
2. Support in solving queries - Students get stuck many times while preparing for college.
Support is required at that time that can be provided interms of helping that with the questions
and queries.
3. Time - It is very important. Do not pressurise the student with the burden to get highest grade.
Every student has his own abilities and as a family members and friends, it should be understood
and proper time should be given to prepare.
4. Expectations - Do not force your expectations on the student. Getting 1st rank is not the forte
of every student. and this should be understood clearly. Student will perform as per his / her
ability. Do not burden him/her with your expectations.
5. Celebrate - Celebrate every little success. This will keep the student motivated..
False.Main reason is sediments around the delta.SolutionFals.pdf
False.
Main reason is sediments around the delta.
Solution
False.
Main reason is sediments around the delta..
compPcompA are two component systems for regulating response and ge.pdf
compP/compA are two component systems for regulating response and gene expression in
response to cell density. Genetic competence in Bacillus Subtilis is that physiological state which
enables bacteria to bind to attain high molecular weight exogenous DNA. In Bacillus subtilis,
competence develops postexponentially and only in particular media. One of the mechanism is
Natural competence, and it is subjected to three regulatory modes: growth stage specific,
nutritionally responsive, and cell type specific.
Virulence proteases expression by ComP/ComA :
When an ComP/ComA complex shows impact on neamtoxic activites in B. subtilis. We can see
change in protein hydrolysis and mortality rare of nematode. When an strain ComP mutant and
comP, we can see in comP protease activity has been lost. In case of Compotent ComP mutant
these functions are normal. This proves the there is a strong propational relationship between
ComP/ComA complex and protein hydrolysis for virulence
.
comP, comA, mutations were known to severely impair competence. Each mutation also causes
a reduction in srfA expression. by expressing srfA independently of ComP, ComA, and SpoOK
and determining whether this will permit competence development. The results showed that the
PspacsrfA construction provides the means to address this issue, as expression of Pspac-srfA
does not require ComP, ComA.
Solution
compP/compA are two component systems for regulating response and gene expression in
response to cell density. Genetic competence in Bacillus Subtilis is that physiological state which
enables bacteria to bind to attain high molecular weight exogenous DNA. In Bacillus subtilis,
competence develops postexponentially and only in particular media. One of the mechanism is
Natural competence, and it is subjected to three regulatory modes: growth stage specific,
nutritionally responsive, and cell type specific.
Virulence proteases expression by ComP/ComA :
When an ComP/ComA complex shows impact on neamtoxic activites in B. subtilis. We can see
change in protein hydrolysis and mortality rare of nematode. When an strain ComP mutant and
comP, we can see in comP protease activity has been lost. In case of Compotent ComP mutant
these functions are normal. This proves the there is a strong propational relationship between
ComP/ComA complex and protein hydrolysis for virulence
.
comP, comA, mutations were known to severely impair competence. Each mutation also causes
a reduction in srfA expression. by expressing srfA independently of ComP, ComA, and SpoOK
and determining whether this will permit competence development. The results showed that the
PspacsrfA construction provides the means to address this issue, as expression of Pspac-srfA
does not require ComP, ComA..
can you please repost the question...its not properly readable.pdf
can you please repost the question...its not properly readable
Solution
can you please repost the question...its not properly readable.
Contribution of atom at corners = 18 Contributio.pdf
Contribution of atom at corners = 1/8 Contribution of atom at edges = 1/4
Contribution of atom at centres = 1 Contribution of atom at face = 1/2 So total no. of F = 8x1/4 +
2 = 4 so total no. of Xe = 8x1/8 +1 =2 So Xe2F4 = XeF2
Solution
Contribution of atom at corners = 1/8 Contribution of atom at edges = 1/4
Contribution of atom at centres = 1 Contribution of atom at face = 1/2 So total no. of F = 8x1/4 +
2 = 4 so total no. of Xe = 8x1/8 +1 =2 So Xe2F4 = XeF2.
Autocrine signals affect only cells that are of the same cell type a.pdf
Autocrine signals affect only cells that are of the same cell type as the emitting cell.
=================================================================
Explanation:
Endocrine signs are created by exceptional endocrine cells[?] that utilization exocytosis to bring
the hormones into the circulation system. The flag achieves for all intents and purposes each cell
in the body.
Paracrine signs are radiated by dissemination and target just cells in the region of the emanating
cell. The radiated hormones are additionally called tissue hormones. An extraordinary instance of
paracrine signs are neurotransmitters, that transmit the flag by means of neurotransmitters just
over a short separation, to a solitary receptor cell.
Autocrine signals influence just cells that are of a similar cell sort as the emanating cell. A case
for autocrine signs is found in resistant cells.
Juxtacrine signs are transmitted along cell layers by means of protein or lipid parts essential to
the film and are fit for influencing either the radiating cell or cells promptly neighboring.
Solution
Autocrine signals affect only cells that are of the same cell type as the emitting cell.
=================================================================
Explanation:
Endocrine signs are created by exceptional endocrine cells[?] that utilization exocytosis to bring
the hormones into the circulation system. The flag achieves for all intents and purposes each cell
in the body.
Paracrine signs are radiated by dissemination and target just cells in the region of the emanating
cell. The radiated hormones are additionally called tissue hormones. An extraordinary instance of
paracrine signs are neurotransmitters, that transmit the flag by means of neurotransmitters just
over a short separation, to a solitary receptor cell.
Autocrine signals influence just cells that are of a similar cell sort as the emanating cell. A case
for autocrine signs is found in resistant cells.
Juxtacrine signs are transmitted along cell layers by means of protein or lipid parts essential to
the film and are fit for influencing either the radiating cell or cells promptly neighboring..
a) PEST A destructive insect or other animal that attacks crops, fo.pdf
a) PEST: A destructive insect or other animal that attacks crops, food,livestocks, etc. The term
pest may be used to refer specifically to harmful animals but is also often taken to mean all
harmful organisms including weeds, plant pathogenic fungi and viruses.
b) LIVESTOCK: Livestock are domesticated animals raised in an agricultural setting to produce
commodities such as food, fiber, and labor. The term is often used to refer solely to those raised
for food, and sometimes only farmed ruminants, such as chicken, cattle and goats.
C) SYMPOTOMS, DISEASES and DAMAGE:
Agricultural and domesticated animals are attacked by mites and ticks, insects, and animal
predators. These pests affect animal productivity by:
Livestock disease management is made up of two key components:
1) Prevention (biosecurity) measures in susceptible herds
2) Control measures taken once infection occurs.
The probability of infection from a given disease depends on existing farm practices (prevention)
as well as the prevalence rate in host populations in the relevant area. As the prevalence in the
area increases, the probability of infection increases.
Prevention Measures:
Preventing diseases entering and spreading in livestock populations is the most efficient and
cost-effective way of managing disease (Wobeser, 2002). While many approaches to
management are disease specific, improved regulation of movements of livestock can provide
broader protection. A standard disease prevention programme that can apply in all contexts does
not exist. But there are some basic principles that should always be observed. The following
practices aid in disease prevention:
d) SURVEILLANCE, CONTROL MEASURES and DIAGNOSIS:
Disease surveillance allows the identification of new infections and changes to existing ones.
This involves disease reporting and specimen submission by livestock owners, village veterinary
staff, district and provincial veterinary officers. The method used to combat a disease outbreak
depends on the severity of the outbreak. In the event of a disease outbreak the precise location of
all livestock is essential for effective measures to control and eradicate contagious viruses.
Restrictions on animal movements may be required as well as quarantine and, in extreme cases,
slaughter.
The major impacts of climate change on livestock diseases have been on diseases that are vector-
borne. Increasing temperatures have supported the expansion of vector populations into cooler
areas. Such cooler areas can be either higher altitude systems (for example, livestock tick-borne
diseases) or more temperate zones (for example, the outbreak of bluetongue disease in northern
Europe). Changes in rainfall pattern can also influence an expansion of vectors during wetter
years and can lead to large outbreaks. Climate changes could also influence disease distribution
indirectly through changes in the distribution of livestock. Improving livestock disease control is
therefore an effective technolog.
41. When Liabilities of companies surpasses the assets questions of .pdf
41. When Liabilities of companies surpasses the assets questions of negative equity rises. During
the periods of Sub-Prime crisis, banks were able to lend out more without recovering real cash
from its investments which contributed to the vicious circle. Hence net equity was negative as
companies became bankrupt and or insolvent. So according to the options given option (b) is
correct as, “Many Companies, particularly in the financial services sector, were either going
bankrupt or being acquired by surviving entities”.
42. Total Assets is always equivalent to total Liabilities. The debt is a part of liabilities, hence
Debt / Total Assets cannot exceed 1 (unless of course there is negative equity). Since all the
manufacturing companies are assembled together in one common balance sheet Debt/ Total
Assets cannot either exceed 1 or it cannot fall below zero. So the best scenario for a capital-
intensive segment is to range somewhere between 10% to 50%. So Option (B) is correct as Debt
Ratio (Debt/Assets) should be greater than 0.10 but less than 0.50.
43. If boards of directors are standing up for re-election every one-third in each year then that
board is defined as the Classified Board. So option (B) is correct.
44. Preferences that preferred stockholders enjoy are, during the time of liquidation they would
be the first choice for paying off before the secured creditors. So option (A) is correct.
Solution
41. When Liabilities of companies surpasses the assets questions of negative equity rises. During
the periods of Sub-Prime crisis, banks were able to lend out more without recovering real cash
from its investments which contributed to the vicious circle. Hence net equity was negative as
companies became bankrupt and or insolvent. So according to the options given option (b) is
correct as, “Many Companies, particularly in the financial services sector, were either going
bankrupt or being acquired by surviving entities”.
42. Total Assets is always equivalent to total Liabilities. The debt is a part of liabilities, hence
Debt / Total Assets cannot exceed 1 (unless of course there is negative equity). Since all the
manufacturing companies are assembled together in one common balance sheet Debt/ Total
Assets cannot either exceed 1 or it cannot fall below zero. So the best scenario for a capital-
intensive segment is to range somewhere between 10% to 50%. So Option (B) is correct as Debt
Ratio (Debt/Assets) should be greater than 0.10 but less than 0.50.
43. If boards of directors are standing up for re-election every one-third in each year then that
board is defined as the Classified Board. So option (B) is correct.
44. Preferences that preferred stockholders enjoy are, during the time of liquidation they would
be the first choice for paying off before the secured creditors. So option (A) is correct..
Alright, i wont go into detail with all the calcu.pdf
Alright, i wont go into detail with all the calculations, but here is basicly what you
need to do with all this data and equations. first of all, we need to understand when to use these
data (energies). so we will have to look at the chemical equation ( the overall equation that we
are trying to obtain the heat of formation for). Use Hess\'s Law, flip the second reaction around,
combine it and you get the overall reaction: Sr + H2O ---> SrO + H2 the delta H of this reaction
is : 496KJ/mol Now to find the answer for b) Born Haber Cycle. Sr(s) + H2O(l) ---> SrO(s) +
H2(g) start with Sr(s), we need to make it into a gas, so we need to take into account the heat of
sublimation of Sr, which is one of the data you got from data table. so: (instead of writing delta
H everytime, im just gonna write Hf for Heat of formation) Hf of SrO = Hs(heat of sublimation)
of Sr + ..... ok now that we have Sr in gas state, we need to make it into an ion. therefore we
need to take IE (ionization energy ) 1 into account. that makes Sr-, but we need Sr2+ so we need
to add IE2 as well. Hf of SrO = Hs +IE1+ IE2 +... ok so we got Sr in the desired state, now we
need to treat H2O(l). Lets start by making it a gas.we want O2 and H2. so if it takes -286Kj/mol
to form water, it must take 286Kj/mol to break down water. Hf of SrO = Hs +IE1+ IE2 +
Hf(water) +... Now we want to made O2 into O atoms, we have to break bonds, so we need to
take into account bond energy of oxygen. Hf of SrO = Hs +IE1+ IE2 + Hf(water) +
BE(oxygen)+... Once we have O atoms, we want it to become O- be applying the AE1 Hf of
SrO = Hs +IE1+ IE2 + Hf(water) + BE(oxygen)+ AE1 finally once we get all that we want, the
SrO will be in gas form so we need to crystallize it. Hf of SrO = Hs +IE1+ IE2 + Hf(water) +
BE(oxygen)+ Lattice Energy plug in your values, beware of balance equations sometimes you
will have to divide one of you energies by half or times it by 4 accordingly to your balanced
equations.
Solution
Alright, i wont go into detail with all the calculations, but here is basicly what you
need to do with all this data and equations. first of all, we need to understand when to use these
data (energies). so we will have to look at the chemical equation ( the overall equation that we
are trying to obtain the heat of formation for). Use Hess\'s Law, flip the second reaction around,
combine it and you get the overall reaction: Sr + H2O ---> SrO + H2 the delta H of this reaction
is : 496KJ/mol Now to find the answer for b) Born Haber Cycle. Sr(s) + H2O(l) ---> SrO(s) +
H2(g) start with Sr(s), we need to make it into a gas, so we need to take into account the heat of
sublimation of Sr, which is one of the data you got from data table. so: (instead of writing delta
H everytime, im just gonna write Hf for Heat of formation) Hf of SrO = Hs(heat of sublimation)
of Sr + ..... ok now that we have Sr in gas state, we need to make it into an ion. therefore we
need to take IE (ionization energy ) 1 into account. tha.
1. Suppose fD4 - G is a homomorphism. ker(f) is a normal subgroup.pdf
1. Suppose f:D4 -> G is a homomorphism. ker(f) is a normal subgroup of D4, and from the first
isomorphism theorem, D4/ker(f) == f(D4). That is, the homomorphic images are just the quotient
groups (in general). I\'ll use the presentation D4 = (\' denoting the inverse). Through a tedious
but standard calculation, the normal subgroups of D4 are {1}, , , , , and D4 itself.
D4/{1} is of course just D4.
here has order 2, so D4/ has order 4, and is thus either the Klein 4-group (Viergruppe) or the
cyclic group of order 4. Taking a quotient cannot increase the order of an element, and only r and
r\' have order 4 in D4, yet their homomorphic images have order 2 since r^2 and (r\')^2 are both
in . D4/ must then be the Viergruppe.
The remaining proper normal subgroups all have order 4, so the quotient has order 8/4 = 2, and
hence must be the cyclic group of order 2.
D4/D4 = 1 obviously.
An explicit homomorphism giving each of these images is the natural projection map induced
by a given normal subgroup.
Solution
1. Suppose f:D4 -> G is a homomorphism. ker(f) is a normal subgroup of D4, and from the first
isomorphism theorem, D4/ker(f) == f(D4). That is, the homomorphic images are just the quotient
groups (in general). I\'ll use the presentation D4 = (\' denoting the inverse). Through a tedious
but standard calculation, the normal subgroups of D4 are {1}, , , , , and D4 itself.
D4/{1} is of course just D4.
here has order 2, so D4/ has order 4, and is thus either the Klein 4-group (Viergruppe) or the
cyclic group of order 4. Taking a quotient cannot increase the order of an element, and only r and
r\' have order 4 in D4, yet their homomorphic images have order 2 since r^2 and (r\')^2 are both
in . D4/ must then be the Viergruppe.
The remaining proper normal subgroups all have order 4, so the quotient has order 8/4 = 2, and
hence must be the cyclic group of order 2.
D4/D4 = 1 obviously.
An explicit homomorphism giving each of these images is the natural projection map induced
by a given normal subgroup..
JPasswordA.javaimport javax.swing.; import java.awt.; imp.pdf
// JPasswordA.java
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.awt.Color;
public class JPasswordA extends JApplet implements ActionListener
{
JLabel inputPassword = new JLabel(\"Input a password!\");
Font firstFont = new Font(\"Arial\", Font.ITALIC, 54);
Font secondFOnt = new Font(\"Arial\", Font.BOLD, 54);
JTextField result = new JTextField(2);
JButton Input = new JButton(\"Input\");
JLabel checkGranted = new JLabel(\"Access Granted!\");
JLabel checkDenied = new JLabel(\"Access Denied!\");
Container containeeer = getContentPane();
public void init()
{
containeeer.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
inputPassword.setFont(firstFont);
checkGranted.setFont(secondFOnt);
checkDenied.setFont(secondFOnt);
containeeer.add(inputPassword);
containeeer.add(result);
containeeer.add(Input);
containeeer.setBackground(Color.RED);
Input.addActionListener(this);
result.addActionListener(this);
}
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e)
{
String userPassword = result.getText();
containeeer.remove(inputPassword);
containeeer.remove(Input);
containeeer.remove(result);
if(userPassword.equals(\"Rosebud\"))
{
containeeer.setBackground(Color.BLUE);
containeeer.add(checkGranted);
}
else
{
containeeer.setBackground(Color.GREEN);
containeeer.add(checkDenied);
}
validate();
}
}
//JPasswordB.java
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.awt.Color;
public class JPasswordB extends JApplet implements ActionListener
{
JLabel inputPassword = new JLabel(\"input a password!\");
Font firstFont = new Font(\"Arial\", Font.BOLD, 54);
Font sencondFont = new Font(\"Arial\", Font.BOLD, 54);
JTextField result = new JTextField(20);
JButton input = new JButton(\"input\");
JLabel checkGranted = new JLabel(\"Access Granted!\");
JLabel checkDenied = new JLabel(\"Access Denied!\");
Container containeeer = getContentPane();
public void init()
{
containeeer.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
inputPassword.setFont(firstFont);
checkGranted.setFont(sencondFont);
checkDenied.setFont(sencondFont);
containeeer.add(inputPassword);
containeeer.add(result);
containeeer.add(input);
containeeer.setBackground(Color.RED);
input.addActionListener(this);
result.addActionListener(this);
}
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e)
{
String userPassword = result.getText();
containeeer.remove(inputPassword);
containeeer.remove(input);
containeeer.remove(result);
if(userPassword.equalsIgnoreCase(\"Rosebud\"))
{
containeeer.setBackground(Color.BLUE);
containeeer.add(checkGranted);
}
else
{
containeeer.setBackground(Color.GREEN);
containeeer.add(denied);
}
validate();
}
}
// JPasswordC.java
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.awt.Color;
public class JPasswordC extends JApplet implements ActionListener
{
JLabel inputPassword = new JLabel(\"Please enter a password!\");
Font firstFont = new Font(\"Arial\", Font.ITALIC, 34);
Font sencondFont = new Font(\"Arial\", Font.BOLD, 46);
JTextField result = new JTextField(10);.
Since S is right below O in the periodic table, we anticipate that i.pdf
Since S is right below O in the periodic table, we anticipate that it will react in the same way.
We know that O2- reacts with acid to form H2O, so the same type of reaction will happen here.
The only difference is that H2S is a gas instead of a liquid. Using HCl as the strong acid: 2
HCl(aq) + CdS(s) --------> CdCl2(aq) + H2S(g).
Solution
Since S is right below O in the periodic table, we anticipate that it will react in the same way.
We know that O2- reacts with acid to form H2O, so the same type of reaction will happen here.
The only difference is that H2S is a gas instead of a liquid. Using HCl as the strong acid: 2
HCl(aq) + CdS(s) --------> CdCl2(aq) + H2S(g)..
Answer Orignal cost 25,500 Depreciated value 75 Book va.pdf
Answer Orignal cost 25,500 Depreciated value 75% Book value(25%)= 25% of 25500
Book value(25%)= 6,375 salvage value 6,100 Cash inflow= salvage value-
tax*(salvage value-book value) Cash inflow= 6100-0.4*(6100-6375) Cash inflow= 6,210
Solution
Answer Orignal cost 25,500 Depreciated value 75% Book value(25%)= 25% of 25500
Book value(25%)= 6,375 salvage value 6,100 Cash inflow= salvage value-
tax*(salvage value-book value) Cash inflow= 6100-0.4*(6100-6375) Cash inflow= 6,210.
No. KCl is ionic compound, which is very polar an.pdf
No. KCl is ionic compound, which is very polar and thus cannot dissolve into
nonpolar CCl4 to form a solution.
Solution
No. KCl is ionic compound, which is very polar and thus cannot dissolve into
nonpolar CCl4 to form a solution..
Profitability IndexProject 1Project 2Yearcash flowpresent .pdf
Profitability Index
Project 1
Project 2
Year
cash flow
present value of cash inflow = cash flow/(1+r)^n r= 10%
Year
cash flow
present value of cash inflow = cash flow/(1+r)^n r= 10%
0
-61000
-61000
0
-18300
-18300
1
34000
30909.09
1
9850
8954.545
2
34000
28099.17
2
9850
8140.496
3
34000
25544.7
3
9850
7400.451
sum of present value of cash flow
84552.97
sum of present value of cash flow
24495.49
sum of present value of cash outflow
61000
sum of present value of cash outflow
18300
profitability index
sum of present value of cash inflow/cash outflow
1.386114
profitability index
sum of present value of cash inflow/cash outflow
1.338551
Project
Project 1
NPV
Project 1
Project 2
Year
cash flow
present value of cash inflow = cash flow/(1+r)^n r= 10%
Year
cash flow
present value of cash inflow = cash flow/(1+r)^n r= 10%
0
-61000
-61000
0
-18300
-18300
1
34000
30909.09
1
9850
8954.545
2
34000
28099.17
2
9850
8140.496
3
34000
25544.7
3
9850
7400.451
sum of present value of cash flow
84552.97
sum of present value of cash flow
24495.49
sum of present value of cash outflow
61000
sum of present value of cash outflow
18300
NPV
sum of present value of cash inflow-cash outflow
23552.97
NPV
sum of present value of cash inflow-cash outflow
6195.492
Project 1
Profitability Index
Project 1
Project 2
Year
cash flow
present value of cash inflow = cash flow/(1+r)^n r= 10%
Year
cash flow
present value of cash inflow = cash flow/(1+r)^n r= 10%
0
-61000
-61000
0
-18300
-18300
1
34000
30909.09
1
9850
8954.545
2
34000
28099.17
2
9850
8140.496
3
34000
25544.7
3
9850
7400.451
sum of present value of cash flow
84552.97
sum of present value of cash flow
24495.49
sum of present value of cash outflow
61000
sum of present value of cash outflow
18300
profitability index
sum of present value of cash inflow/cash outflow
1.386114
profitability index
sum of present value of cash inflow/cash outflow
1.338551
Project
Project 1
NPV
Project 1
Project 2
Year
cash flow
present value of cash inflow = cash flow/(1+r)^n r= 10%
Year
cash flow
present value of cash inflow = cash flow/(1+r)^n r= 10%
0
-61000
-61000
0
-18300
-18300
1
34000
30909.09
1
9850
8954.545
2
34000
28099.17
2
9850
8140.496
3
34000
25544.7
3
9850
7400.451
sum of present value of cash flow
84552.97
sum of present value of cash flow
24495.49
sum of present value of cash outflow
61000
sum of present value of cash outflow
18300
NPV
sum of present value of cash inflow-cash outflow
23552.97
NPV
sum of present value of cash inflow-cash outflow
6195.492
Project 1
Solution
Profitability Index
Project 1
Project 2
Year
cash flow
present value of cash inflow = cash flow/(1+r)^n r= 10%
Year
cash flow
present value of cash inflow = cash flow/(1+r)^n r= 10%
0
-61000
-61000
0
-18300
-18300
1
34000
30909.09
1
9850
8954.545
2
34000
28099.17
2
9850
8140.496
3
34000
25544.7
3
9850
7400.451
sum of present value of cash flow
84552.97
sum of present value of cash flow
24495.49
sum of present value of cash outflow
61000
sum of present value of ca.
Overview on Edible Vaccine: Pros & Cons with Mechanism
This ppt include the description of the edible vaccine i.e. a new concept over the traditional vaccine administered by injection.
Unit 2- Research Aptitude (UGC NET Paper I).pdf
This slide describes the research aptitude of unit 2 in the UGC NET paper I.
More Related Content
More from anoopkhandelwal30
Microorganisms go for fermentation process when they lack Electron t.pdf
Microorganisms go for fermentation process when they lack Electron transport chain (ETC) i,.e
they are strict anaerobic microorganisms or the working of ETC get repressed (in anaerobic
condition).
The major and absolute aim of any living organism, be it human, plants, animals or
microorganisms to produce energy in the form of ATP in order to survive. There are many ways
to produce ATP. Major one is through oxidative phosphorylation in which oxygen is used as
final acceptor of electron during the process of ETC. Hence, such system will only work in
presence of aerobic environment. But what about those microorganisms who are anerobes or, if
some reason no oxygen is present in environment? In order to survive, these organisms evolve
themselves in such a way that even if ETC can\'t work due to absence of oxygen they can still
produce ATP by oxidizing NADH to NAD+. As reduced NAD+ being utlized during glycolysis
and hence, ATP is produced.
Therefore, if I summarise fermentation significance
1. It is a survival tool for microorganisms growth in absence of oxygen (anaerobic environment)
or for anaerobic bacteria
2.NADH is oxidized to NAD+ so that reduced NAD+ can be re-utilized during the process of
glycolysis
3. Since, no oxygen present therefore the final electron acceptor is often either pyruvate or a
pyruvate derivative. Thus substrate is partialy oxidized and hence, ATP is formed by substrate
level phospohorylation.
Members of the family Enterobacteriaceae have the ability to metabolize pyruvate into numerous
products by utilizing several pathways simultaneously and hence resulted in excretion of various
mixture of acids (acetic, lactic, succinic) and ethanols. This is known as the mixed acid
fermentation.
Solution
Microorganisms go for fermentation process when they lack Electron transport chain (ETC) i,.e
they are strict anaerobic microorganisms or the working of ETC get repressed (in anaerobic
condition).
The major and absolute aim of any living organism, be it human, plants, animals or
microorganisms to produce energy in the form of ATP in order to survive. There are many ways
to produce ATP. Major one is through oxidative phosphorylation in which oxygen is used as
final acceptor of electron during the process of ETC. Hence, such system will only work in
presence of aerobic environment. But what about those microorganisms who are anerobes or, if
some reason no oxygen is present in environment? In order to survive, these organisms evolve
themselves in such a way that even if ETC can\'t work due to absence of oxygen they can still
produce ATP by oxidizing NADH to NAD+. As reduced NAD+ being utlized during glycolysis
and hence, ATP is produced.
Therefore, if I summarise fermentation significance
1. It is a survival tool for microorganisms growth in absence of oxygen (anaerobic environment)
or for anaerobic bacteria
2.NADH is oxidized to NAD+ so that reduced NAD+ can be re-utilized during the process of
glycolysis
3. Since, no oxygen present th.
can you provide a picture of that data we don.pdf
can you provide a picture of that data?? we don\'t have that book
Solution
can you provide a picture of that data?? we don\'t have that book.
Answer A The financial executive in a small business is a key dec.pdf
Answer A :
The financial executive in a small business is a key decision maker, often the second most
important decision maker in the organization besides the owner. He makes daily decisions that
affect the company’s cash position and its overall financial health -- including the company’s
ability to grow and expand
Dealing With Cash Shortages:
A financial Executive at times may be faced with difficult choices because the company does not
have sufficient cash available to pay important expenses. He may have to choose, for example,
between making a tax payment on time and making a loan payment on time. Missing the tax
payment can result in the company being charged penalties and interest. Missing the loan
payment could jeopardize the company’s relationship with a lender that the business owner
hoped to obtain additional financing from in the future.
Short-Run Vision
A financial Executive’s natural conservatism -- wanting to make sure the company always has
sufficient cash -- can cause him to recommend against expenditures that would allow the
company to take advantage of opportunities for growth. He may urge the business owner to not
proceed with an acquisition opportunity that has been presented to the company because he
believes from a financial standpoint that the company cannot afford the cost of the acquisition.
Investment Decisions:
The financial executive to support Financial Manager’s is in charge of investing the company’s
accumulated cash -- its net profit after expenses have been paid. As with personal investing, he
must choose between safe investments with little upside potential and those that could appreciate
in value but carry the risk of loss of principal in a stock market downturn. Erring on the side of
caution can result in the company earning less on its investments than the owner of the company
would expect.
Overreaction to Business Downturns
When the company experiences a sales downturn, the Financial Executive may convince the
business owner that drastic steps to conserve cash are required, such as laying off personnel or
cutting the marketing manager’s budget. The latter decision can result in accelerating a sales
decline. Layoffs can drain valuable talent from the organization and cause a general decline in
morale.
Receivables and Payables Policies
A standard financial management principle is to collect receivables due to the company as
quickly as possible and to pay invoices owed to vendors as slowly as is feasible. If the Financial
Executive is over zealous in his collection efforts with customers who are paying slowly, he can
damage customer relationships that have been carefully nurtured by the business owner and the
marketing department. Similarly, his decision to delay payables as long as possible can cause
vendors to demand stricter terms on future orders -- including prepayment.
Capital Structure
Many companies require outside capital -- debt or equity -- to fund the growth of the business.
The Financial Executi.
I have been in college and I am very well aware of the things that I.pdf
I have been in college and I am very well aware of the things that I required / needed at that time.
1. Motivation from Family, friends, relatives - Motivation from the family and friends is very
important. I gives the strength and self belief for a student to perform well. So 1st thing the
people in a student\'s life can do to help him/her prepare for college.
2. Support in solving queries - Students get stuck many times while preparing for college.
Support is required at that time that can be provided interms of helping that with the questions
and queries.
3. Time - It is very important. Do not pressurise the student with the burden to get highest grade.
Every student has his own abilities and as a family members and friends, it should be understood
and proper time should be given to prepare.
4. Expectations - Do not force your expectations on the student. Getting 1st rank is not the forte
of every student. and this should be understood clearly. Student will perform as per his / her
ability. Do not burden him/her with your expectations.
5. Celebrate - Celebrate every little success. This will keep the student motivated.
Solution
I have been in college and I am very well aware of the things that I required / needed at that time.
1. Motivation from Family, friends, relatives - Motivation from the family and friends is very
important. I gives the strength and self belief for a student to perform well. So 1st thing the
people in a student\'s life can do to help him/her prepare for college.
2. Support in solving queries - Students get stuck many times while preparing for college.
Support is required at that time that can be provided interms of helping that with the questions
and queries.
3. Time - It is very important. Do not pressurise the student with the burden to get highest grade.
Every student has his own abilities and as a family members and friends, it should be understood
and proper time should be given to prepare.
4. Expectations - Do not force your expectations on the student. Getting 1st rank is not the forte
of every student. and this should be understood clearly. Student will perform as per his / her
ability. Do not burden him/her with your expectations.
5. Celebrate - Celebrate every little success. This will keep the student motivated..
False.Main reason is sediments around the delta.SolutionFals.pdf
False.
Main reason is sediments around the delta.
Solution
False.
Main reason is sediments around the delta..
compPcompA are two component systems for regulating response and ge.pdf
compP/compA are two component systems for regulating response and gene expression in
response to cell density. Genetic competence in Bacillus Subtilis is that physiological state which
enables bacteria to bind to attain high molecular weight exogenous DNA. In Bacillus subtilis,
competence develops postexponentially and only in particular media. One of the mechanism is
Natural competence, and it is subjected to three regulatory modes: growth stage specific,
nutritionally responsive, and cell type specific.
Virulence proteases expression by ComP/ComA :
When an ComP/ComA complex shows impact on neamtoxic activites in B. subtilis. We can see
change in protein hydrolysis and mortality rare of nematode. When an strain ComP mutant and
comP, we can see in comP protease activity has been lost. In case of Compotent ComP mutant
these functions are normal. This proves the there is a strong propational relationship between
ComP/ComA complex and protein hydrolysis for virulence
.
comP, comA, mutations were known to severely impair competence. Each mutation also causes
a reduction in srfA expression. by expressing srfA independently of ComP, ComA, and SpoOK
and determining whether this will permit competence development. The results showed that the
PspacsrfA construction provides the means to address this issue, as expression of Pspac-srfA
does not require ComP, ComA.
Solution
compP/compA are two component systems for regulating response and gene expression in
response to cell density. Genetic competence in Bacillus Subtilis is that physiological state which
enables bacteria to bind to attain high molecular weight exogenous DNA. In Bacillus subtilis,
competence develops postexponentially and only in particular media. One of the mechanism is
Natural competence, and it is subjected to three regulatory modes: growth stage specific,
nutritionally responsive, and cell type specific.
Virulence proteases expression by ComP/ComA :
When an ComP/ComA complex shows impact on neamtoxic activites in B. subtilis. We can see
change in protein hydrolysis and mortality rare of nematode. When an strain ComP mutant and
comP, we can see in comP protease activity has been lost. In case of Compotent ComP mutant
these functions are normal. This proves the there is a strong propational relationship between
ComP/ComA complex and protein hydrolysis for virulence
.
comP, comA, mutations were known to severely impair competence. Each mutation also causes
a reduction in srfA expression. by expressing srfA independently of ComP, ComA, and SpoOK
and determining whether this will permit competence development. The results showed that the
PspacsrfA construction provides the means to address this issue, as expression of Pspac-srfA
does not require ComP, ComA..
can you please repost the question...its not properly readable.pdf
can you please repost the question...its not properly readable
Solution
can you please repost the question...its not properly readable.
Contribution of atom at corners = 18 Contributio.pdf
Contribution of atom at corners = 1/8 Contribution of atom at edges = 1/4
Contribution of atom at centres = 1 Contribution of atom at face = 1/2 So total no. of F = 8x1/4 +
2 = 4 so total no. of Xe = 8x1/8 +1 =2 So Xe2F4 = XeF2
Solution
Contribution of atom at corners = 1/8 Contribution of atom at edges = 1/4
Contribution of atom at centres = 1 Contribution of atom at face = 1/2 So total no. of F = 8x1/4 +
2 = 4 so total no. of Xe = 8x1/8 +1 =2 So Xe2F4 = XeF2.
Autocrine signals affect only cells that are of the same cell type a.pdf
Autocrine signals affect only cells that are of the same cell type as the emitting cell.
=================================================================
Explanation:
Endocrine signs are created by exceptional endocrine cells[?] that utilization exocytosis to bring
the hormones into the circulation system. The flag achieves for all intents and purposes each cell
in the body.
Paracrine signs are radiated by dissemination and target just cells in the region of the emanating
cell. The radiated hormones are additionally called tissue hormones. An extraordinary instance of
paracrine signs are neurotransmitters, that transmit the flag by means of neurotransmitters just
over a short separation, to a solitary receptor cell.
Autocrine signals influence just cells that are of a similar cell sort as the emanating cell. A case
for autocrine signs is found in resistant cells.
Juxtacrine signs are transmitted along cell layers by means of protein or lipid parts essential to
the film and are fit for influencing either the radiating cell or cells promptly neighboring.
Solution
Autocrine signals affect only cells that are of the same cell type as the emitting cell.
=================================================================
Explanation:
Endocrine signs are created by exceptional endocrine cells[?] that utilization exocytosis to bring
the hormones into the circulation system. The flag achieves for all intents and purposes each cell
in the body.
Paracrine signs are radiated by dissemination and target just cells in the region of the emanating
cell. The radiated hormones are additionally called tissue hormones. An extraordinary instance of
paracrine signs are neurotransmitters, that transmit the flag by means of neurotransmitters just
over a short separation, to a solitary receptor cell.
Autocrine signals influence just cells that are of a similar cell sort as the emanating cell. A case
for autocrine signs is found in resistant cells.
Juxtacrine signs are transmitted along cell layers by means of protein or lipid parts essential to
the film and are fit for influencing either the radiating cell or cells promptly neighboring..
a) PEST A destructive insect or other animal that attacks crops, fo.pdf
a) PEST: A destructive insect or other animal that attacks crops, food,livestocks, etc. The term
pest may be used to refer specifically to harmful animals but is also often taken to mean all
harmful organisms including weeds, plant pathogenic fungi and viruses.
b) LIVESTOCK: Livestock are domesticated animals raised in an agricultural setting to produce
commodities such as food, fiber, and labor. The term is often used to refer solely to those raised
for food, and sometimes only farmed ruminants, such as chicken, cattle and goats.
C) SYMPOTOMS, DISEASES and DAMAGE:
Agricultural and domesticated animals are attacked by mites and ticks, insects, and animal
predators. These pests affect animal productivity by:
Livestock disease management is made up of two key components:
1) Prevention (biosecurity) measures in susceptible herds
2) Control measures taken once infection occurs.
The probability of infection from a given disease depends on existing farm practices (prevention)
as well as the prevalence rate in host populations in the relevant area. As the prevalence in the
area increases, the probability of infection increases.
Prevention Measures:
Preventing diseases entering and spreading in livestock populations is the most efficient and
cost-effective way of managing disease (Wobeser, 2002). While many approaches to
management are disease specific, improved regulation of movements of livestock can provide
broader protection. A standard disease prevention programme that can apply in all contexts does
not exist. But there are some basic principles that should always be observed. The following
practices aid in disease prevention:
d) SURVEILLANCE, CONTROL MEASURES and DIAGNOSIS:
Disease surveillance allows the identification of new infections and changes to existing ones.
This involves disease reporting and specimen submission by livestock owners, village veterinary
staff, district and provincial veterinary officers. The method used to combat a disease outbreak
depends on the severity of the outbreak. In the event of a disease outbreak the precise location of
all livestock is essential for effective measures to control and eradicate contagious viruses.
Restrictions on animal movements may be required as well as quarantine and, in extreme cases,
slaughter.
The major impacts of climate change on livestock diseases have been on diseases that are vector-
borne. Increasing temperatures have supported the expansion of vector populations into cooler
areas. Such cooler areas can be either higher altitude systems (for example, livestock tick-borne
diseases) or more temperate zones (for example, the outbreak of bluetongue disease in northern
Europe). Changes in rainfall pattern can also influence an expansion of vectors during wetter
years and can lead to large outbreaks. Climate changes could also influence disease distribution
indirectly through changes in the distribution of livestock. Improving livestock disease control is
therefore an effective technolog.
41. When Liabilities of companies surpasses the assets questions of .pdf
41. When Liabilities of companies surpasses the assets questions of negative equity rises. During
the periods of Sub-Prime crisis, banks were able to lend out more without recovering real cash
from its investments which contributed to the vicious circle. Hence net equity was negative as
companies became bankrupt and or insolvent. So according to the options given option (b) is
correct as, “Many Companies, particularly in the financial services sector, were either going
bankrupt or being acquired by surviving entities”.
42. Total Assets is always equivalent to total Liabilities. The debt is a part of liabilities, hence
Debt / Total Assets cannot exceed 1 (unless of course there is negative equity). Since all the
manufacturing companies are assembled together in one common balance sheet Debt/ Total
Assets cannot either exceed 1 or it cannot fall below zero. So the best scenario for a capital-
intensive segment is to range somewhere between 10% to 50%. So Option (B) is correct as Debt
Ratio (Debt/Assets) should be greater than 0.10 but less than 0.50.
43. If boards of directors are standing up for re-election every one-third in each year then that
board is defined as the Classified Board. So option (B) is correct.
44. Preferences that preferred stockholders enjoy are, during the time of liquidation they would
be the first choice for paying off before the secured creditors. So option (A) is correct.
Solution
41. When Liabilities of companies surpasses the assets questions of negative equity rises. During
the periods of Sub-Prime crisis, banks were able to lend out more without recovering real cash
from its investments which contributed to the vicious circle. Hence net equity was negative as
companies became bankrupt and or insolvent. So according to the options given option (b) is
correct as, “Many Companies, particularly in the financial services sector, were either going
bankrupt or being acquired by surviving entities”.
42. Total Assets is always equivalent to total Liabilities. The debt is a part of liabilities, hence
Debt / Total Assets cannot exceed 1 (unless of course there is negative equity). Since all the
manufacturing companies are assembled together in one common balance sheet Debt/ Total
Assets cannot either exceed 1 or it cannot fall below zero. So the best scenario for a capital-
intensive segment is to range somewhere between 10% to 50%. So Option (B) is correct as Debt
Ratio (Debt/Assets) should be greater than 0.10 but less than 0.50.
43. If boards of directors are standing up for re-election every one-third in each year then that
board is defined as the Classified Board. So option (B) is correct.
44. Preferences that preferred stockholders enjoy are, during the time of liquidation they would
be the first choice for paying off before the secured creditors. So option (A) is correct..
Alright, i wont go into detail with all the calcu.pdf
Alright, i wont go into detail with all the calculations, but here is basicly what you
need to do with all this data and equations. first of all, we need to understand when to use these
data (energies). so we will have to look at the chemical equation ( the overall equation that we
are trying to obtain the heat of formation for). Use Hess\'s Law, flip the second reaction around,
combine it and you get the overall reaction: Sr + H2O ---> SrO + H2 the delta H of this reaction
is : 496KJ/mol Now to find the answer for b) Born Haber Cycle. Sr(s) + H2O(l) ---> SrO(s) +
H2(g) start with Sr(s), we need to make it into a gas, so we need to take into account the heat of
sublimation of Sr, which is one of the data you got from data table. so: (instead of writing delta
H everytime, im just gonna write Hf for Heat of formation) Hf of SrO = Hs(heat of sublimation)
of Sr + ..... ok now that we have Sr in gas state, we need to make it into an ion. therefore we
need to take IE (ionization energy ) 1 into account. that makes Sr-, but we need Sr2+ so we need
to add IE2 as well. Hf of SrO = Hs +IE1+ IE2 +... ok so we got Sr in the desired state, now we
need to treat H2O(l). Lets start by making it a gas.we want O2 and H2. so if it takes -286Kj/mol
to form water, it must take 286Kj/mol to break down water. Hf of SrO = Hs +IE1+ IE2 +
Hf(water) +... Now we want to made O2 into O atoms, we have to break bonds, so we need to
take into account bond energy of oxygen. Hf of SrO = Hs +IE1+ IE2 + Hf(water) +
BE(oxygen)+... Once we have O atoms, we want it to become O- be applying the AE1 Hf of
SrO = Hs +IE1+ IE2 + Hf(water) + BE(oxygen)+ AE1 finally once we get all that we want, the
SrO will be in gas form so we need to crystallize it. Hf of SrO = Hs +IE1+ IE2 + Hf(water) +
BE(oxygen)+ Lattice Energy plug in your values, beware of balance equations sometimes you
will have to divide one of you energies by half or times it by 4 accordingly to your balanced
equations.
Solution
Alright, i wont go into detail with all the calculations, but here is basicly what you
need to do with all this data and equations. first of all, we need to understand when to use these
data (energies). so we will have to look at the chemical equation ( the overall equation that we
are trying to obtain the heat of formation for). Use Hess\'s Law, flip the second reaction around,
combine it and you get the overall reaction: Sr + H2O ---> SrO + H2 the delta H of this reaction
is : 496KJ/mol Now to find the answer for b) Born Haber Cycle. Sr(s) + H2O(l) ---> SrO(s) +
H2(g) start with Sr(s), we need to make it into a gas, so we need to take into account the heat of
sublimation of Sr, which is one of the data you got from data table. so: (instead of writing delta
H everytime, im just gonna write Hf for Heat of formation) Hf of SrO = Hs(heat of sublimation)
of Sr + ..... ok now that we have Sr in gas state, we need to make it into an ion. therefore we
need to take IE (ionization energy ) 1 into account. tha.
1. Suppose fD4 - G is a homomorphism. ker(f) is a normal subgroup.pdf
1. Suppose f:D4 -> G is a homomorphism. ker(f) is a normal subgroup of D4, and from the first
isomorphism theorem, D4/ker(f) == f(D4). That is, the homomorphic images are just the quotient
groups (in general). I\'ll use the presentation D4 = (\' denoting the inverse). Through a tedious
but standard calculation, the normal subgroups of D4 are {1}, , , , , and D4 itself.
D4/{1} is of course just D4.
here has order 2, so D4/ has order 4, and is thus either the Klein 4-group (Viergruppe) or the
cyclic group of order 4. Taking a quotient cannot increase the order of an element, and only r and
r\' have order 4 in D4, yet their homomorphic images have order 2 since r^2 and (r\')^2 are both
in . D4/ must then be the Viergruppe.
The remaining proper normal subgroups all have order 4, so the quotient has order 8/4 = 2, and
hence must be the cyclic group of order 2.
D4/D4 = 1 obviously.
An explicit homomorphism giving each of these images is the natural projection map induced
by a given normal subgroup.
Solution
1. Suppose f:D4 -> G is a homomorphism. ker(f) is a normal subgroup of D4, and from the first
isomorphism theorem, D4/ker(f) == f(D4). That is, the homomorphic images are just the quotient
groups (in general). I\'ll use the presentation D4 = (\' denoting the inverse). Through a tedious
but standard calculation, the normal subgroups of D4 are {1}, , , , , and D4 itself.
D4/{1} is of course just D4.
here has order 2, so D4/ has order 4, and is thus either the Klein 4-group (Viergruppe) or the
cyclic group of order 4. Taking a quotient cannot increase the order of an element, and only r and
r\' have order 4 in D4, yet their homomorphic images have order 2 since r^2 and (r\')^2 are both
in . D4/ must then be the Viergruppe.
The remaining proper normal subgroups all have order 4, so the quotient has order 8/4 = 2, and
hence must be the cyclic group of order 2.
D4/D4 = 1 obviously.
An explicit homomorphism giving each of these images is the natural projection map induced
by a given normal subgroup..
JPasswordA.javaimport javax.swing.; import java.awt.; imp.pdf
// JPasswordA.java
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.awt.Color;
public class JPasswordA extends JApplet implements ActionListener
{
JLabel inputPassword = new JLabel(\"Input a password!\");
Font firstFont = new Font(\"Arial\", Font.ITALIC, 54);
Font secondFOnt = new Font(\"Arial\", Font.BOLD, 54);
JTextField result = new JTextField(2);
JButton Input = new JButton(\"Input\");
JLabel checkGranted = new JLabel(\"Access Granted!\");
JLabel checkDenied = new JLabel(\"Access Denied!\");
Container containeeer = getContentPane();
public void init()
{
containeeer.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
inputPassword.setFont(firstFont);
checkGranted.setFont(secondFOnt);
checkDenied.setFont(secondFOnt);
containeeer.add(inputPassword);
containeeer.add(result);
containeeer.add(Input);
containeeer.setBackground(Color.RED);
Input.addActionListener(this);
result.addActionListener(this);
}
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e)
{
String userPassword = result.getText();
containeeer.remove(inputPassword);
containeeer.remove(Input);
containeeer.remove(result);
if(userPassword.equals(\"Rosebud\"))
{
containeeer.setBackground(Color.BLUE);
containeeer.add(checkGranted);
}
else
{
containeeer.setBackground(Color.GREEN);
containeeer.add(checkDenied);
}
validate();
}
}
//JPasswordB.java
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.awt.Color;
public class JPasswordB extends JApplet implements ActionListener
{
JLabel inputPassword = new JLabel(\"input a password!\");
Font firstFont = new Font(\"Arial\", Font.BOLD, 54);
Font sencondFont = new Font(\"Arial\", Font.BOLD, 54);
JTextField result = new JTextField(20);
JButton input = new JButton(\"input\");
JLabel checkGranted = new JLabel(\"Access Granted!\");
JLabel checkDenied = new JLabel(\"Access Denied!\");
Container containeeer = getContentPane();
public void init()
{
containeeer.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
inputPassword.setFont(firstFont);
checkGranted.setFont(sencondFont);
checkDenied.setFont(sencondFont);
containeeer.add(inputPassword);
containeeer.add(result);
containeeer.add(input);
containeeer.setBackground(Color.RED);
input.addActionListener(this);
result.addActionListener(this);
}
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e)
{
String userPassword = result.getText();
containeeer.remove(inputPassword);
containeeer.remove(input);
containeeer.remove(result);
if(userPassword.equalsIgnoreCase(\"Rosebud\"))
{
containeeer.setBackground(Color.BLUE);
containeeer.add(checkGranted);
}
else
{
containeeer.setBackground(Color.GREEN);
containeeer.add(denied);
}
validate();
}
}
// JPasswordC.java
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.awt.Color;
public class JPasswordC extends JApplet implements ActionListener
{
JLabel inputPassword = new JLabel(\"Please enter a password!\");
Font firstFont = new Font(\"Arial\", Font.ITALIC, 34);
Font sencondFont = new Font(\"Arial\", Font.BOLD, 46);
JTextField result = new JTextField(10);.
Since S is right below O in the periodic table, we anticipate that i.pdf
Since S is right below O in the periodic table, we anticipate that it will react in the same way.
We know that O2- reacts with acid to form H2O, so the same type of reaction will happen here.
The only difference is that H2S is a gas instead of a liquid. Using HCl as the strong acid: 2
HCl(aq) + CdS(s) --------> CdCl2(aq) + H2S(g).
Solution
Since S is right below O in the periodic table, we anticipate that it will react in the same way.
We know that O2- reacts with acid to form H2O, so the same type of reaction will happen here.
The only difference is that H2S is a gas instead of a liquid. Using HCl as the strong acid: 2
HCl(aq) + CdS(s) --------> CdCl2(aq) + H2S(g)..
Answer Orignal cost 25,500 Depreciated value 75 Book va.pdf
Answer Orignal cost 25,500 Depreciated value 75% Book value(25%)= 25% of 25500
Book value(25%)= 6,375 salvage value 6,100 Cash inflow= salvage value-
tax*(salvage value-book value) Cash inflow= 6100-0.4*(6100-6375) Cash inflow= 6,210
Solution
Answer Orignal cost 25,500 Depreciated value 75% Book value(25%)= 25% of 25500
Book value(25%)= 6,375 salvage value 6,100 Cash inflow= salvage value-
tax*(salvage value-book value) Cash inflow= 6100-0.4*(6100-6375) Cash inflow= 6,210.
No. KCl is ionic compound, which is very polar an.pdf
No. KCl is ionic compound, which is very polar and thus cannot dissolve into
nonpolar CCl4 to form a solution.
Solution
No. KCl is ionic compound, which is very polar and thus cannot dissolve into
nonpolar CCl4 to form a solution..
Profitability IndexProject 1Project 2Yearcash flowpresent .pdf
Profitability Index
Project 1
Project 2
Year
cash flow
present value of cash inflow = cash flow/(1+r)^n r= 10%
Year
cash flow
present value of cash inflow = cash flow/(1+r)^n r= 10%
0
-61000
-61000
0
-18300
-18300
1
34000
30909.09
1
9850
8954.545
2
34000
28099.17
2
9850
8140.496
3
34000
25544.7
3
9850
7400.451
sum of present value of cash flow
84552.97
sum of present value of cash flow
24495.49
sum of present value of cash outflow
61000
sum of present value of cash outflow
18300
profitability index
sum of present value of cash inflow/cash outflow
1.386114
profitability index
sum of present value of cash inflow/cash outflow
1.338551
Project
Project 1
NPV
Project 1
Project 2
Year
cash flow
present value of cash inflow = cash flow/(1+r)^n r= 10%
Year
cash flow
present value of cash inflow = cash flow/(1+r)^n r= 10%
0
-61000
-61000
0
-18300
-18300
1
34000
30909.09
1
9850
8954.545
2
34000
28099.17
2
9850
8140.496
3
34000
25544.7
3
9850
7400.451
sum of present value of cash flow
84552.97
sum of present value of cash flow
24495.49
sum of present value of cash outflow
61000
sum of present value of cash outflow
18300
NPV
sum of present value of cash inflow-cash outflow
23552.97
NPV
sum of present value of cash inflow-cash outflow
6195.492
Project 1
Profitability Index
Project 1
Project 2
Year
cash flow
present value of cash inflow = cash flow/(1+r)^n r= 10%
Year
cash flow
present value of cash inflow = cash flow/(1+r)^n r= 10%
0
-61000
-61000
0
-18300
-18300
1
34000
30909.09
1
9850
8954.545
2
34000
28099.17
2
9850
8140.496
3
34000
25544.7
3
9850
7400.451
sum of present value of cash flow
84552.97
sum of present value of cash flow
24495.49
sum of present value of cash outflow
61000
sum of present value of cash outflow
18300
profitability index
sum of present value of cash inflow/cash outflow
1.386114
profitability index
sum of present value of cash inflow/cash outflow
1.338551
Project
Project 1
NPV
Project 1
Project 2
Year
cash flow
present value of cash inflow = cash flow/(1+r)^n r= 10%
Year
cash flow
present value of cash inflow = cash flow/(1+r)^n r= 10%
0
-61000
-61000
0
-18300
-18300
1
34000
30909.09
1
9850
8954.545
2
34000
28099.17
2
9850
8140.496
3
34000
25544.7
3
9850
7400.451
sum of present value of cash flow
84552.97
sum of present value of cash flow
24495.49
sum of present value of cash outflow
61000
sum of present value of cash outflow
18300
NPV
sum of present value of cash inflow-cash outflow
23552.97
NPV
sum of present value of cash inflow-cash outflow
6195.492
Project 1
Solution
Profitability Index
Project 1
Project 2
Year
cash flow
present value of cash inflow = cash flow/(1+r)^n r= 10%
Year
cash flow
present value of cash inflow = cash flow/(1+r)^n r= 10%
0
-61000
-61000
0
-18300
-18300
1
34000
30909.09
1
9850
8954.545
2
34000
28099.17
2
9850
8140.496
3
34000
25544.7
3
9850
7400.451
sum of present value of cash flow
84552.97
sum of present value of cash flow
24495.49
sum of present value of cash outflow
61000
sum of present value of ca.
More from anoopkhandelwal30 (20)
Microorganisms go for fermentation process when they lack Electron t.pdf
Microorganisms go for fermentation process when they lack Electron t.pdf
Answer A The financial executive in a small business is a key dec.pdf
Answer A The financial executive in a small business is a key dec.pdf
I have been in college and I am very well aware of the things that I.pdf
I have been in college and I am very well aware of the things that I.pdf
False.Main reason is sediments around the delta.SolutionFals.pdf
False.Main reason is sediments around the delta.SolutionFals.pdf
compPcompA are two component systems for regulating response and ge.pdf
compPcompA are two component systems for regulating response and ge.pdf
can you please repost the question...its not properly readable.pdf
can you please repost the question...its not properly readable.pdf
Contribution of atom at corners = 18 Contributio.pdf
Contribution of atom at corners = 18 Contributio.pdf
Autocrine signals affect only cells that are of the same cell type a.pdf
Autocrine signals affect only cells that are of the same cell type a.pdf
a) PEST A destructive insect or other animal that attacks crops, fo.pdf
a) PEST A destructive insect or other animal that attacks crops, fo.pdf
41. When Liabilities of companies surpasses the assets questions of .pdf
41. When Liabilities of companies surpasses the assets questions of .pdf
Alright, i wont go into detail with all the calcu.pdf
Alright, i wont go into detail with all the calcu.pdf
1. Suppose fD4 - G is a homomorphism. ker(f) is a normal subgroup.pdf
1. Suppose fD4 - G is a homomorphism. ker(f) is a normal subgroup.pdf
JPasswordA.javaimport javax.swing.; import java.awt.; imp.pdf
JPasswordA.javaimport javax.swing.; import java.awt.; imp.pdf
Since S is right below O in the periodic table, we anticipate that i.pdf
Since S is right below O in the periodic table, we anticipate that i.pdf
Answer Orignal cost 25,500 Depreciated value 75 Book va.pdf
Answer Orignal cost 25,500 Depreciated value 75 Book va.pdf
No. KCl is ionic compound, which is very polar an.pdf
No. KCl is ionic compound, which is very polar an.pdf
Profitability IndexProject 1Project 2Yearcash flowpresent .pdf
Profitability IndexProject 1Project 2Yearcash flowpresent .pdf
Recently uploaded
Overview on Edible Vaccine: Pros & Cons with Mechanism
This ppt include the description of the edible vaccine i.e. a new concept over the traditional vaccine administered by injection.
Unit 2- Research Aptitude (UGC NET Paper I).pdf
This slide describes the research aptitude of unit 2 in the UGC NET paper I.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdf
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
MARUTI SUZUKI- A Successful Joint Venture in India.pptx
Let us know about Maruti Suzuki, a successful Joint venture in India.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdf
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptx
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Chapter 3 - Islamic Banking Products and Services.pptx
Chapter 3 - Islamic Banking Products and Services.pptxMohd Adib Abd Muin, Senior Lecturer at Universiti Utara Malaysia
This slide is prepared for master's students (MIFB & MIBS) UUM. May it be useful to all.The approach at University of Liverpool.pptx
How libraries can support authors with open access requirements for UKRI funded books
Wednesday 22 May 2024, 14:00-15:00.
1.4 modern child centered education - mahatma gandhi-2.pptx
Child centred education is an educational approach that priorities the interest, needs and abilities of the child in the learning process.
Home assignment II on Spectroscopy 2024 Answers.pdf
Answers to Home assignment on UV-Visible spectroscopy: Calculation of wavelength of UV-Visible absorption
Sectors of the Indian Economy - Class 10 Study Notes pdf
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Solid waste management & Types of Basic civil Engineering notes by DJ Sir.pptx
Solid waste management & Types of Basic civil Engineering notes by DJ Sir
Types of SWM
Liquid wastes
Gaseous wastes
Solid wastes.
CLASSIFICATION OF SOLID WASTE:
Based on their sources of origin
Based on physical nature
SYSTEMS FOR SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT:
METHODS FOR DISPOSAL OF THE SOLID WASTE:
OPEN DUMPS:
LANDFILLS:
Sanitary landfills
COMPOSTING
Different stages of composting
VERMICOMPOSTING:
Vermicomposting process:
Encapsulation:
Incineration
MANAGEMENT OF SOLID WASTE:
Refuse
Reuse
Recycle
Reduce
FACTORS AFFECTING SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT:
special B.ed 2nd year old paper_20240531.pdf
Instagram:-
https://instagram.com/special_education_needs_01?igshid=YmMyMTA2M2Y=
WhatsApp:-
https://chat.whatsapp.com/JVakNIYlSV94x7bwunO3Dc
YouTube:-
https://youtube.com/@special_education_needs
Teligram :- https://t.me/special_education_needs
Slide Shere :-
https://www.slideshare.net/shabnambano20?utm_campaign=profiletracking&utm_medium=sssite&utm_source=ssslideview
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERP
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Cambridge International AS A Level Biology Coursebook - EBook (MaryFosbery J...
for studentd in cabridge board
B.ed spl. HI pdusu exam paper-2023-24.pdf
Exam paper in B.ed.special education Hi pandit dindayal university 2023-24
GIÁO ÁN DẠY THÊM (KẾ HOẠCH BÀI BUỔI 2) - TIẾNG ANH 8 GLOBAL SUCCESS (2 CỘT) N...
GIÁO ÁN DẠY THÊM (KẾ HOẠCH BÀI BUỔI 2) - TIẾNG ANH 8 GLOBAL SUCCESS (2 CỘT) N...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
https://app.box.com/s/4hfk1xwgxnova7f4dm37birdzflj806wStudents, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptx
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Recently uploaded (20)
Overview on Edible Vaccine: Pros & Cons with Mechanism
Overview on Edible Vaccine: Pros & Cons with Mechanism
MARUTI SUZUKI- A Successful Joint Venture in India.pptx
MARUTI SUZUKI- A Successful Joint Venture in India.pptx
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdf
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdf
Chapter 3 - Islamic Banking Products and Services.pptx
Chapter 3 - Islamic Banking Products and Services.pptx
1.4 modern child centered education - mahatma gandhi-2.pptx
1.4 modern child centered education - mahatma gandhi-2.pptx
Home assignment II on Spectroscopy 2024 Answers.pdf
Home assignment II on Spectroscopy 2024 Answers.pdf
Sectors of the Indian Economy - Class 10 Study Notes pdf
Sectors of the Indian Economy - Class 10 Study Notes pdf
Solid waste management & Types of Basic civil Engineering notes by DJ Sir.pptx
Solid waste management & Types of Basic civil Engineering notes by DJ Sir.pptx
Cambridge International AS A Level Biology Coursebook - EBook (MaryFosbery J...
Cambridge International AS A Level Biology Coursebook - EBook (MaryFosbery J...
GIÁO ÁN DẠY THÊM (KẾ HOẠCH BÀI BUỔI 2) - TIẾNG ANH 8 GLOBAL SUCCESS (2 CỘT) N...
GIÁO ÁN DẠY THÊM (KẾ HOẠCH BÀI BUỔI 2) - TIẾNG ANH 8 GLOBAL SUCCESS (2 CỘT) N...
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptx
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptx
The Austin Blind Salamander cannot see because of the adaptation to .pdf
- 1. The Austin Blind Salamander cannot see because of the adaptation to environment .In deep spring light is not required so there is no need of eye,so eye remain vestigial to them . Genetic drift and direct and indirect selection occurred during loss of eye for adaptation in dark .Transposons and mutation for better could have made possible such changes. During evolution mutation through transposon led to several changes according to the adaptation to the environment. Solution The Austin Blind Salamander cannot see because of the adaptation to environment .In deep spring light is not required so there is no need of eye,so eye remain vestigial to them . Genetic drift and direct and indirect selection occurred during loss of eye for adaptation in dark .Transposons and mutation for better could have made possible such changes. During evolution mutation through transposon led to several changes according to the adaptation to the environment.