RNA sequencing also known as next generation genome sequencing and t.pdf

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RNA sequencing also known as next generation genome sequencing and this method of RNA sequencing using DNAases are useful to detect single nucleotide polymorphism & post- transcriptional single nucleotide variants. Therefore, this type of sequencing is useful to annotate forensic genomics. Identifying fusion genes using RNA sequencing has meticulous importance to study their relationship with cancer genome (through Sanger sequencing). Specific gene expression studies (mRNA sequence genome) studies used to identify the gene responsible for the coding of the ion- channel protein expression. For example: Poliomyelities is the resultant abnormality due to this enterovirus. The RNA sequencing of the meat product containing virus is additional studies might confirm (or refute) the genomics of poliovirus -hypothesis that the meat was the source of the poliomyelitis outbreaks. Solution RNA sequencing also known as next generation genome sequencing and this method of RNA sequencing using DNAases are useful to detect single nucleotide polymorphism & post- transcriptional single nucleotide variants. Therefore, this type of sequencing is useful to annotate forensic genomics. Identifying fusion genes using RNA sequencing has meticulous importance to study their relationship with cancer genome (through Sanger sequencing). Specific gene expression studies (mRNA sequence genome) studies used to identify the gene responsible for the coding of the ion- channel protein expression. For example: Poliomyelities is the resultant abnormality due to this enterovirus. The RNA sequencing of the meat product containing virus is additional studies might confirm (or refute) the genomics of poliovirus -hypothesis that the meat was the source of the poliomyelitis outbreaks..

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Molecular markers for measuring genetic diversity Introduction: The molecular basis of the essential biological phenomena in plants is crucial for the effective conservation, management, and efficient utilization of plant genetic resources (PGR). Determining genetic diversity can be based on morphological, biochemical, and molecular types of information. However, molecular markers have advantages over other kinds, where they show genetic differences on a more detailed level without interferences from environmental factors, and where they involve techniques that provide fast results detailing genetic diversity Comparison of different methods Morphological characterization does not require expensive technology but large tracts of land are often required for these experiments, making it possibly more expensive than molecular assessment. These traits are often susceptible to phenotypic plasticity; conversely, this allows assessment of diversity in the presence of environmental variation. Biochemical analysis is based on the separation of proteins into specific banding patterns. It is a fast method which requires only small amounts of biological material. However, only a limited number of enzymes are available and thus, the resolution of diversity is limited. Molecular analyses comprise a large variety of DNA molecular markers, which can be employed for analysis of variation. Different markers have different genetic qualities (they can be dominant or co-dominant, can amplify anonymous or characterized loci, can contain expressed or non-expressed sequences, etc.). Genetic marker The concept of genetic markers is not a new one; in the nineteenth century, Gregor Mendel employed phenotype-based genetic markers in his experiments. Later, phenotype-based genetic markers for Drosophila melanogaster led to the founding of the theory of genetic linkage. A genetic marker is an easily identifiable piece of genetic material, usually DNA that can be used in the laboratory to tell apart cells, individuals, populations, or species. The use of genetic markers begins with extracting proteins or chemicals (for biochemical markers) or DNA (for molecular markers) from tissues of the plant (for example, seeds, foliage, pollen, sometimes woody tissues). Molecular markers In genetics, a molecular marker (identified as genetic marker) is a fragment of DNA that is associated with a certain location within the genome. Molecular markers which detect variation at the DNA level such as nucleotide changes: deletion, duplication, inversion and/or insertion. Markers can exhibit two modes of inheritance, i.e. dominant/recessive or co-dominant. If the genetic pattern of homozygotes can be distinguished from that of heterozygotes, then a marker is said to be co-dominant. Generally co-dominant markers are more informative than the

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Please answer the discussion questions and TYPE you answers. MINICASE ARE YOU REALLY BUYING AMERICAN? Consider the follawing scenario of a typical\" American fam work, stopping for gas at the Shell station. At the grocery ily: The Osbornes, Jesse and Ann, live in the suburbs of store, she fills her cart with a variety of items, including Chicago Jesse is a manager at Trader Joe\'s specialty grocery Ragu spaghetti sauce, Hellmann\'s mayonnaise, Carnation store chain. Ann is an edvertising executive for Leo Burnett Instant Breakfast drink, a case of Arrowhead water, CoffeeMate nondairy coffee creamer, Chicken-of the-Sea Ann listens to the new Adam Lambert CD on her Alpine car stereo in her Jeep Cherakes while driving homa from canned tuna, Lipton tea, a hall-dozen cans of Slim-Fast. Dannon yogurt, and several packages of Stouffer\'s Lean dinners and some Hot Packats. For a treat. Groupe Danone of France produces Dannon yogurt she picks up some Ben & Jerry\'s ice cream, Toll House cook- es, and a Butterfinger candy bar. She also grabs several cans af Alpo for thair dog, Sassy, and a box of Friskies and a bag of Tidy Cat cat litter for their cat, Lily. She goes down the toilet- ries aisle for some Dove soap, Q-tips cotton swabs, Vaseline Samsung smartphones are made by South Korea\'s lip gloss, and Jergen\'s moisturizing lotion. Before fhng,Samsung- she calls Jesse on her Samsung smartphone to see whetherBertelsmann AG of Germany owns 53 percent of there is anything else he needs. Ho asks her to pick up some PowerBars for him to take to the gym during his lunchtime the remaining 47 percent. workouts next week. She also stops at the bookstore andSociete Bic of France produces Bic pens picks up the new John Grisham book published by Random House, signing the credit card slip with her Bic pen. Chicken-of the Sea tuna is made by Chicken of the Sea International, which is besed in Thailand. Japan\'s Kao owns Jergen\'s. Penquin Random House, and Pearson plc of the UK owns ·Japan\'s Bridgestone Corporation owns Firestone. BP of the United Kingdom owns BP gas stations. After leaving his office, Jesse stops at the BP gas station to fili his gas tank and checks the air pressure in his Firestone tires. He heads to the liquor store for a cese of Miller Genuine thSpiderman movies Sony Pictures Tolovision distrib- Draft beer and a bottle of Wild Turkey bourbon. He walks next door to the sporting goods store to pick up someSABMiller plc of the United Kingdom produces Miller Columbia Pictures, owned by Sony of Japan, released utes Breaking Bad. Wilson racquetballs for his workouts next week. boer, Ann\'s favorite TV show, Breaking Bad, is just startinDavide Campari of Italy awns the Wild Turkay brand. comes in the door, so she pours hersalf a glass af Amer Group of Finland owns Wilsan Sporting Goods. and turns on their Philips high-. Baringer Winery of Napa, California, is owned by definition talevision while Jasse prepares dinner loads the latest Spiderman inst.

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a). Treat the benzoic acid-sand mixture with 1 M NaOH solution. Only the benzoic acid will dissolve. Filter the mixture to remove the sand. Then, add concentrated acid (like 6 M HCl) to the solution - this will cause benzoic acid to precipitate. Filter this mixture to obtain the pure benzoic acid. b). Solvent pair recrystallizations make use of the fact the the compound of interest is relatively soluble in one solvent, and relatively insoluble in the other. Thus, a saturated solution can be made simply by varying the ratio of the two solvents, rather than slowly adding small portions of a single solvent to a solid. When the ethanol - water mixtures become cloudy, it indicates the the compound is no longer soluble, and too much of the \"bad\" solvent (the one in which the compound is less soluble) has been added. Addition of more of the \"good\" solvent will remove the cloudiness. Solution a). Treat the benzoic acid-sand mixture with 1 M NaOH solution. Only the benzoic acid will dissolve. Filter the mixture to remove the sand. Then, add concentrated acid (like 6 M HCl) to the solution - this will cause benzoic acid to precipitate. Filter this mixture to obtain the pure benzoic acid. b). Solvent pair recrystallizations make use of the fact the the compound of interest is relatively soluble in one solvent, and relatively insoluble in the other. Thus, a saturated solution can be made simply by varying the ratio of the two solvents, rather than slowly adding small portions of a single solvent to a solid. When the ethanol - water mixtures become cloudy, it indicates the the compound is no longer soluble, and too much of the \"bad\" solvent (the one in which the compound is less soluble) has been added. Addition of more of the \"good\" solvent will remove the cloudiness..

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The reaction is HCl + NaOH -> NaCl + H2O for HCl: (0.15L)(0.4M)(1mol H2O/1mol HCl)=0.06mol H2O for NaOH: (0.15L)(0.5M)(1mol H2O/1mol NaOH)=0.075mol H2O Since 0.06<0.075, we choose 0.06. (-56kJ/mol H2O)(0.06mol H2O)= -3.36kJ Solution The reaction is HCl + NaOH -> NaCl + H2O for HCl: (0.15L)(0.4M)(1mol H2O/1mol HCl)=0.06mol H2O for NaOH: (0.15L)(0.5M)(1mol H2O/1mol NaOH)=0.075mol H2O Since 0.06<0.075, we choose 0.06. (-56kJ/mol H2O)(0.06mol H2O)= -3.36kJ.

cant upload zip filethere is some problemSolutioncant upload.pdf

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Step1 Pressure due to N2 = 2x.0821 x300/4.0 =12.315 atm Step2 Pressure due to O2 = 4 x.0821x300/4.0 =24.630 atm Step3 Pressure due to Cl2 =1x.0821x300/4.0 = 6.1575 atm Step4 Total pressure = 43.1025 atm Solution Step1 Pressure due to N2 = 2x.0821 x300/4.0 =12.315 atm Step2 Pressure due to O2 = 4 x.0821x300/4.0 =24.630 atm Step3 Pressure due to Cl2 =1x.0821x300/4.0 = 6.1575 atm Step4 Total pressure = 43.1025 atm.

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M2X3 -----> 2M+ + 3X- Convert to molarity 2.1 x 10^-17grams/L *1mol/320g = 6.563 x 10^-20 M There is a 1:2 ratio for M2X3 and 2M+ So twice the amount of concentration will form 6.563 x 10^-20 * 2= 1.31 x 10^-19M There is a 1:3 ratio for M2X3 and 3X- So 6.563 x 10^-20 *3 = 1.96 x 10^-19 Ksp = [M+]^2*[X-]^3 = (1.31x10^-19)^2(1.96x10^-19)^3 = 1.31 x 10^-94. The very small # makes sense. Hope this helped Solution M2X3 -----> 2M+ + 3X- Convert to molarity 2.1 x 10^-17grams/L *1mol/320g = 6.563 x 10^-20 M There is a 1:2 ratio for M2X3 and 2M+ So twice the amount of concentration will form 6.563 x 10^-20 * 2= 1.31 x 10^-19M There is a 1:3 ratio for M2X3 and 3X- So 6.563 x 10^-20 *3 = 1.96 x 10^-19 Ksp = [M+]^2*[X-]^3 = (1.31x10^-19)^2(1.96x10^-19)^3 = 1.31 x 10^-94. The very small # makes sense. Hope this helped.

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henry\'s law states that vapour pressure of a component = mole fraction x vapour pressure in pure state. vapor pressure of br2 = 0.05 x 122.36 torr vapor pressure of CCl4 = 0.95 x 33.85 torr total vapor pressure = 0.05 x 122.36 + 0.95 x 33.85 torr Solution henry\'s law states that vapour pressure of a component = mole fraction x vapour pressure in pure state. vapor pressure of br2 = 0.05 x 122.36 torr vapor pressure of CCl4 = 0.95 x 33.85 torr total vapor pressure = 0.05 x 122.36 + 0.95 x 33.85 torr.

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1. “Internal auditors support management\'s efforts to establish a culture that embraces ethics, honesty, and integrity. They assist management with the evaluation of internal controls used to detect or mitigate fraud, evaluate the organization\'s assessment of fraud risk, and are involved in any fraud investigations.The audit committee is responsible for overseeing controls to prevent or detect management fraud. Internal Audit standards regarding role of Internal Auditor with respect to fraud risk management 1.IIA Standard 1200: Proficiency and Due Professional Care 1210.A2 – “Internal auditors must have sufficient knowledge to evaluate the risk of fraud and the manner in which it is managed by the organization, but are not expected to have the expertise of a person whose primary responsibility is detecting and investigating fraud”. 2.IIA Standard 1220: Due Professional Care 1220.A1 – “Internal auditors must exercise due professional care by considering the: … Probability of significant errors, fraud, or noncompliance. 3.IIA Standard 2060: Reporting to Senior Management and the Board “The chief audit executive (CAE) must report periodically to senior management and the board on the internal audit activity’s purpose, authority, responsibility, and performance relative to its plan. Reporting must also include significant risk exposures and control issues, including fraud risks, governance issues, and other matters needed or requested by senior management and the board.” 4.IIA Standard 2120: Risk Management 2120.A2 – “The internal audit activity must evaluate the potential for the occurrence of fraud and how the organization manages fraud risk.” 5.IIA Standard 2210: Engagement Objectives 2210.A2 – “Internal auditors must consider the probability of significant errors, fraud, noncompliance, and other exposures when developing the engagement objectives. 2.)Crazy Eddie Inc. was a family-run, consumer electronics chain that went public in 1984 and built itself on a massive fraud scheme. They employed a wide variety of deceptive practices and outright fraud, and conspired to fool their auditors over the course of many years (which is all described in fascinating detail on Sam\'s website). In 1987, they experienced a hostile takeover from some investors. And since that time, Sam has become an expert witness, served his jail time, and regularly speaks about white collar fraud. The fundamental problem at Crazy Eddie was a tone at the top at the company from the beginning. Even while Sam was a college accounting student he was helping the family skim money off the business and cook the books. The company started as a small family business, so they would be able generally to trust each other and many people were doing jobs for which they were not really qualified. Internal control was pivotal in uncovering the scandal 1.Use a system of checks and balances to ensure no one person has control over all parts of a financial transaction. 2.Reconcile agency ba.

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x = 1; maxn = 50; epsilon = 1; xval = x; n = 0; %start processing here while epsilon>=1e-5 & n<=maxn y = x - (e.^(-cos(x))); xval = [xval;y]; epsilon = abs(y-x); x=y; n=n+1; end % print root here x Solution x = 1; maxn = 50; epsilon = 1; xval = x; n = 0; %start processing here while epsilon>=1e-5 & n<=maxn y = x - (e.^(-cos(x))); xval = [xval;y]; epsilon = abs(y-x); x=y; n=n+1; end % print root here x.

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The Fraud triangle is a framework designed to explain the reasoning behind a worker’s decision to commit workplace fraud. The three stages, categorised by the effect on the individual, can be summarised as pressure, opportunity and rationalisation. Broken down, they are: Step 1 – the pressure on the individual – is the motivation behind the crime and can be either personal financial pressure, such as debt problems, or workplace debt problems, such as a shortfall in revenue. The pressure is seen by the individual as unsolvable by orthodox, legal, sanctioned routes and unshareable with others who may be able to offer assistance. A common example of a perceived unshareable financial problem is gambling debt. Maintenance of a lifestyle is another common example. Step 2 – the opportunity to commit fraud – is the means by which the individual will defraud the organisation. In this stage the worker sees a clear course of action by which they can abuse their position to solve the perceived unshareable financial problem in a way that – again, perceived by them – is unlikely to be discovered. In many cases the ability to solve the problem in secret is key to the perception of a viable opportunity. Step 3 – the ability rationalise the crime – is the final stage in the fraud triangle. This is a cognitive stage and requires the fraudster to be able to justify the crime in a way that is acceptable to his or her internal moral compass. Most fraudsters are first-time criminals and do not see themselves as criminals, but rather a victim of circumstance. Rationalisations are often based on external factors, such as a need to take care of a family, or a dishonest employer which is seen to minimise or mitigate the harm done by the crime. The key to dealing with fraud is to focus on prevention. It is cheaper and more effective to prevent fraud from happening than it is to try to detect the crime. By the time the fraud is discovered, the money is gone and chances are slim to none that it will be recovered. Additionally, it is costly and time consuming to investigate a fraud. Perhaps the most important lesson of the fraud triangle is that all three factors must normally be present for fraud to occur. If any one of the three elements is missing, fraud may not occur. The key to dealing with fraud is to focus on the prevention of opportunity. It is much less expensive and more effective to prevent fraud from happening than it is to try to detect the crime. Solution The Fraud triangle is a framework designed to explain the reasoning behind a worker’s decision to commit workplace fraud. The three stages, categorised by the effect on the individual, can be summarised as pressure, opportunity and rationalisation. Broken down, they are: Step 1 – the pressure on the individual – is the motivation behind the crime and can be either personal financial pressure, such as debt problems, or workplace debt problems, such as a shortfall in revenue. The pressure is seen by the indiv.

The Fraud triangle is a framework designed to explain the reasoning .pdf

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SumNumbers.java import java.util.Scanner; public class SumNumbers { /** * @param args */ public static void main(String[] args) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in); int sum = 0; while(true){ System.out.println(\"Enter integer:\"); int n = scan.nextInt(); if(n == -1){ break; } sum = sum + n; } System.out.println(\"The sum is \"+sum); } } Output: Enter integer: 1 Enter integer: 2 Enter integer: 3 Enter integer: 4 Enter integer: 5 Enter integer: 6 Enter integer: 7 Enter integer: 8 Enter integer: 9 Enter integer: -1 The sum is 45 Solution SumNumbers.java import java.util.Scanner; public class SumNumbers { /** * @param args */ public static void main(String[] args) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in); int sum = 0; while(true){ System.out.println(\"Enter integer:\"); int n = scan.nextInt(); if(n == -1){ break; } sum = sum + n; } System.out.println(\"The sum is \"+sum); } } Output: Enter integer: 1 Enter integer: 2 Enter integer: 3 Enter integer: 4 Enter integer: 5 Enter integer: 6 Enter integer: 7 Enter integer: 8 Enter integer: 9 Enter integer: -1 The sum is 45.

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The absorptivity, The transmissivity and reflectivity are given by: If the amounts of radiation energy absorbed, reflected, and transmitted when radiation strikes a surface are measured in percentage of the total energy in the incident electromagnetic waves. The total energy would be divided into three groups, they are called absorptivity (), reflectivity () and transmissivity (t). + + t = 1 (1) A body is considered transparent if it can transmit some of the radiation waves falling on its surface. If electromagnetic waves are not transmitted through the substance it is therefore called opaque. When radiation waves hit the surface of an opaque body, some of the waves are reflected back while the other waves are absorbed by a thin layer of the material close to the surface. For engineering purposes all materials are thick enough that they can be considered opaque reducing equation 1 to: + = 1 (2) Reflectivity deviates from the other properties in that it is bidirectional in nature. In other words, this property depends on the direction of the incident of radiation as well as the direction of the reflection. Therefore, the reflected rays of a radiation spectrum incident on a real surface in a specified direction forms an irregular shape that is not easily predictable. In practice, surfaces are assumed to reflect in a perfectly specular or diffuse manner. In a specular reflection, the angles of reflection and incidence are equal. In diffuse reflection, radiation is reflected equally in all directions. Reflection from smooth and polished surfaces can be assumed to be specular reflection, whereas reflection from rough surfaces approximates diffuse reflection. Considering this given object as an opaque substance, The value of transmissivity is zero So, the Absorptivity + Reflectivity = 1---(3) Assuming 100% emmitance of the absorbed body We get the value of Absorptivity = value of Emmisivity = 0.7 So, from equation (3) Reflectivity = 1 - Absorptivity Reflectivity = 1 - 0.7 = 0.3 Heat Rate Reflected per unit area is given by: Gref = G * Reflectivity = 1000 *0.3 = 300 W/m2 So, The Rate Reflected per unit area is Gref 300 W/m2 Solution The absorptivity, The transmissivity and reflectivity are given by: If the amounts of radiation energy absorbed, reflected, and transmitted when radiation strikes a surface are measured in percentage of the total energy in the incident electromagnetic waves. The total energy would be divided into three groups, they are called absorptivity (), reflectivity () and transmissivity (t). + + t = 1 (1) A body is considered transparent if it can transmit some of the radiation waves falling on its surface. If electromagnetic waves are not transmitted through the substance it is therefore called opaque. When radiation waves hit the surface of an opaque body, some of the waves are reflected back while the other waves are absorbed by a thin layer of the material close to the surface. For engineering purposes all materials are thick .

The absorptivity, The transmissivity and reflectivity are given by.pdf

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Curly brackets mean exactly the same as ordinary parentheses in this context (in a few contexts (, [ and { can all be defined to take a special meaning, but ordinarily they are all different ways of typesetting). Cauchy\'s inequality is of the form Solution Curly brackets mean exactly the same as ordinary parentheses in this context (in a few contexts (, [ and { can all be defined to take a special meaning, but ordinarily they are all different ways of typesetting). Cauchy\'s inequality is of the form.

Curly brackets mean exactly the same as ordinary parentheses in thi.pdf

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Solution : (A)Nowadays Sugar is not listed directly by name \"sugar\" on an ingredients list.It is listed by name like dextrose,high-fructose corn syrup and carob syrup on an ingredient list.These are called added sugar.Uptake of excess sugar is the main cause of many sugar related diseases like diabetes.So,manufacturer hide the amount of total sugar added in ingredient by not mentioning it directly and make it unrecognizable to the public..

Solution (A)Nowadays Sugar is not listed directly by name suga.pdf

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