The document discusses processes involved in second language learning, including the importance of an interactive environment. It explains that interactive environments allow students to acquire language through noticing and restructuring based on Vigotsky's theories. An example is students learning vocabulary through peer interactions where they can correct mistakes. The document also discusses the concept of "scaffolding" where teachers act as supports to help students learn by building on existing knowledge. An example of scaffolding is a teacher providing background information to complement lessons. It has changed over time from a focus on teacher control to developing intrinsic motivation and individualizing instruction to different learning styles.

1. WORKSHOP 2, APPLIED LINGUISTICS.
María de los Angeles Betancur / Pamela Garay / Isidora Herrera / Lucas Salas.
4. WHAT PROCESSES ARE INVOLVED IN SECOND LANGUAGE LEARNING?
4.3 Explain the importance of an interactive environment in the current view about EFL
teaching. Provide examples.
According to EFL teaching, the interactive environment has relation with the Vigotsky’s
theories,and its importance emphasizes in the attention to meaning that is placed in the
knowledge, the transference of information and the pushed output. Approaches that
helps to the students to acquire the language or the knowledge that teachers need to
apply, which promote processes as noticing and restructuring, allowing the language
learning process. Being that, students have to increase their interactional competence to
catch the main objective that obviously is to acquire the second language, in our case
English language. So, it is very relevant that teachers have to pay special attention in to
train different factors as personality, motivation and cognitive style of every student
throughout interaction with the environment. In this way, students obtain of their own
understanding, the ability of structuring and interpreting what they talk. Because of this,
interactive environment is seen as a central point in EFL.
An example of this is when students learn new vocabulary or expressions, thanks to
interaction with peers. It can be through a simple conversation, in which they correct their
mistakes. Then, they create in their minds a system of remodeling their basic knowledge
in order to extend their vocabulary and use of grammar in speaking.
4.4 Explain, what do the authors mean by “scaffolding”? Give examples.
It is about the Vigotsky’s zone of proximal development, whichencourages to the learners
to have an extended level of knowledge through their development, talking about second
language acquisition.That is,teachers act as an imaginary platform that supports to the
students in order to make them learn. So, through scaffolding students learn by
observation of a more competent person in the skill that they need to develop, which
solves problems, acting as a model of teaching.
An example is when a teacher has to teach a lesson in which is necessary to provide a
background in order to complement the learning from the students. So teachers give an
introduction and additional information to the topic to create a complete understanding
for students.
5. WHAT’S THE ROLE OF THE LEARNER?

2. 5.1 How has the role of the learner changed over the last 30 years? In your opinion, how
does this affect teaching and teacher training? Discuss.
In the 1970s the role of the student was underestimated for teachers, because they
thought about them that they couldn’t learn by their own. Teachers tended to assume
that students are similar in the way that they learn a foreign language, so, monitors taught
in the same way English to students. It was supposed that good language teaching meant
controlling the learner, and a good teaching method would lead the reluctant learner
through the learning process. Now, in this decade, teachers focus the way that they teach
to students in different ways, because they have the knowledge about the dissimilar form
to assimilate the new language. Students now learn English or another foreign language
with methods like, repeating, reading, writing, listening, and playing games, among
others.
5.2 How can teachers develop intrinsic motivation in their students? Discuss and give
examples.
Teachers can develop intrinsic motivation by the use of different ways to gladness their
students with a long variety of activities that can make the student enjoy her or him
classes, using different ways to gladness its students with various activities, making them
enjoy classes. For example, teachers should prepare motivating activities to make the
classes less bored.
5.3 How does individualization change the way we approach our classes? Explain and
give examples.
Individualization made classes easier for the learner, for example, they can learn in
different ways and use different sources. Also learners have different aims in the learning
process. Individualization is focused on the learner, in particular as an individual, and they
are constantly encouraging It change the way we approach our classes, we have to focus
in every person not in a group and we have to try to make that everybody learn at the
same moment. For example, we can use different kinds of activities to motivate or
students to learn but always being conscious about their attitudes because we are
different people and that makes that our learning process different, to reach our
objectives as teachers we should use different sources, for example, show videos or look
for different ways to explain the contents.
6. HOW WE CAN TEACH THE FOUR SKILLS?
6.1 How did Krashen influence the teaching of speaking?

3. Krashen promoted the change status of listening, emphasizing on the role of
Comprehension and Comprehensible Input. That is, he encouraged the importance of
interaction in language acquisition learning, not only listen and repeat, as in the past.
These new methods were based on Natural Approaches, and then in cognitive psychology,
in a more advanced level.
6.3 How has the teaching of reading changed the last 30 years? In your opinion how
does this affect teaching? Discuss
In the last 30 years the teaching of reading had change in many ways, previously the
biggest obstacle at the moment of reading were vocabulary and grammar deficiencies, but
then, people realized if they put words in a defined context that students can recognize
help them to understand the text and learn new words. This affects teaching because
teachers must pay attention to the student and her/his process of learning and how they
are developing their skills.
6.4 What is the genre approach to teaching writing? Explain. In your opinion how does
this affect teaching? Discuss
The genre approach is the way that language is used in a special context. The L2 learner,
know how to build in many aspects (grammar, syntax, among other things) different texts.