Explore American Art History Through Museums and Films

Explore American Art History
How to explore the history of American through the art?
Films and books break the limit of time to be the common way to explore the history of American
for people. Indeed, visiting the famous museum and watching popular historical operas also are two
of the most effective approaches to explore the development of America. Famous museums
generally preserve a large amounts of artworks which are historical and precious to remind people.
In my opinion, Boston's MFA is a good choice to explore the history of America because it is
located in the center of American revolution and it is considered to be the most decisive change.
Thus, people are able to realize what is American about American history through the art.
The perception of the art of Americas ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to the American history, American artists had evolved their own American style to paint
portraits and landscape, and almost had separated from English traditions in the late 18th century.
This century for America undoubtedly is the transition from colonial country to power after went
through many vital incidents such as American civil war, American Reconstruction, Abolition
movement, and Industrial Revolution". Dating back to the late 18th century, America had improved
their system to be relatively wealthy and to be a stable country. In addition, artistic representation
that portray religious, racial, gender, political, class and other perspectives continue to serve as
unique historical documents to help people better understand as well as see the world through the
artist's eyes. ( Edell Fiedler) Hence, the formation of unique American art style cannot without other
country's inspirations of art after went through many artistic struggle. That's the reason why that
colonial American art to be an inseparable part of American art.
Why people explored the American history should through the opera?
As the book "Habits of Creative mind" also mentioned, "Different from written
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Appropriation In Art History
'Appropriation in art and art history refers to the practice of artists using pre–existing objects or
images in their art with little transformation of the original' (Tate, no date). Artists have been
appropriating for many centuries and tend to use the most iconic of masterpieces from the past and
make them more contemporary for today's style. The 'Mona Lisa' by Leonardo Da Vinci is one of
the greatest examples of this act. It is one of the most famous and well known paintings ever
created; however the piece has been manipulated by other artists, so much that the meaning behind
the original is indefinite. If a piece of which is so recognisable in our society be stolen from other
artists, this leaves us with the question– Is art original? ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
But knowing makes me have a different opinion. This still puzzles my thoughts of originality in art
and whether it matters in our society.
This is a representation of the Marilyn Monroe Piece by Yu Youhan produced in the Chinese century
of political pop.
Youhan replicated the same method to Warhol's all time famous artwork but altered the subject of
the design. Instead of Monroe he replaced the figure as the chairman Mao. He used Mao as part of a
memorial as he played a big part in his political life. By doing this, it changes the meaning of the
painting and Mao becomes the centre of attention and the main topic of the piece.
I am now going to discuss Cindy Sherman and her film scenes. She was a big believer in Feminism
and is well known for recreating film stills replacing the original actors with her.
Although Sherman's work is entitled as one of those artists who appropriate, I would consider her
work to be quite original. Yes, you could say that because she has copied film scenes that her work
isn't original but personally I believe that her work is trying to make a change and represent

Art History Essay
ART
__–history, __–theory, __–world
(Accounting for modern art with Dickie, Danto, and Weitz)
Up until the twentieth century art theorists had consistently sought for a definition of art–a
definition that would determine a set of necessary and sufficient conditions for something to be
called art. But artists in the 20th century did not want to be defined, and they deliberately tried to
create artworks that would not fit under some theorist's umbrella. We saw the Beatniks with their
free verse; we saw the pop art of Andy Warhol; we saw the rise of abstractionist and surrealist
painters; we saw "happenings", and we saw "ready–made" art, all of which combined to make the
finding of a definition of art almost ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If you try to think of a necessary condition for a game to be a game, there will always be some game
that refutes the condition, or some game that we could invent that would not fit that condition, but
could fit many others. The question of whether something is or is not art does not require us to see if
all its properties fit into some specific set of necessary and sufficient conditions; rather, it requires
us to ask whether or not we will make a decision to "enlarge the set of conditions for applying the
concept (Weitz, 188)." For both games and art there are no essential properties, there are only
"family resemblances", or relational similarities that allow us to recognize whether a thing is close
enough to be considered "art" or "a game". Weitz offers a great summation of his argument
concerning the "openness" of the concept of art:
"What I am arguing, then, is that the very expansive, adventurous character of art, its ever–present
changes and novel creations, makes it logically impossible to ensure any set of defining properties.
We can, of course, choose to close the concept. But to do this with "art" or "tragedy" or
"portraiture," etc., is ludicrous since it forecloses on the very conditions of creativity in the arts
(189)."
So, Weitz's

World Perspectives In Art History
World Perspectives in Art History, is a course in which solely through art will help students develop
their critical thinking and writing skills. The analytical skills that one can attain from studying art
can help students of any major become better at the profession they strive for. In this essay I will
describe the policies of what is expected, my personal experiences with art, as well as the
introductory to art class videos.
The course syllabus describes policies expected of all its students. The attendance policy states that
all students are expected to attend every class meeting. A student may miss 2 class sessions without
penalty. An excess of absences will result in a point deduction for every unexcused absence.
Plagiarism, academic dishonesty, and lack of respect ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Art has 5 main purposes. It can provide people hope through beauty, comfort for loneliness,
balances a person for what they lack, teach us to value neglected things in our everyday lives, as
well as advertises what an artist feels is important. We live in a visual world where one can
communicate things through images. Looking at art makes people more aware of their surrounds.
When one has the patience to look at something one can notice things that others don't. You can also
learn new things from observation. Studying art can help people who aren't in any art professions by
training the eyes to attention to detail and teach a person to give more accurate descriptions. Police
officers who have taken art might notice things at the scene of the crime that only someone who is
detailed oriented would see. Doctors can also benefit from studying art since absent symptoms are
just as important as present ones. In noting the correct symptoms doctors could provide a more
exact diagnosis. Art is more complex than mere paintings and structures as is described by the

Cave Art History
Whether it be source of beauty and inspiration, a tool of learning, or simply the means to deal with
the constant struggles of life, art, containing both immense cultural and historical significance is
undeniably a prominent focus in today's society. When looking at the Altamira cave in Spain, the
Chauvet cave in France, or Lascaux the "prehistoric sistine chapel" in France, and countless others,
researchers can't help but wonder what is the significance of these truly beautiful works of art?
Found in nearly all regions of the world, cave art gives us a glimpse into the intellectual
development of early man. Art production likely arose out of non–utilitarian processes. Early
humans began collecting objects such as crystals, colorful rocks, ... Show more content on
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Paintings in these caves date vary in date from 35 thousand years ago for some of the older
paintings to 22 thousand years ago for some of the more recent ones (Pike & Hoffman, 2012). The
chronology of these paintings has been debated since their discovery. Their is evidence to support
that these paintings were modified and having other images super–imposed on top, as parts of
painting date several thousand years older than others. In addition this large gap in time between
various paintings in the caves indicates that these caves were used earlier and longer than initially
thought. Pike, A. W., Hoffmann, D. L., García–Diez, M., Pettitt, P. B., Alcolea, J., De Balbin, R., ...
& Zilhão, J. (2012). U–series dating of Paleolithic art in 11 caves in Spain. Science, 336(6087),

Museum Of Art History
Multiple generations of masterpieces by such artists as Leonardo Da Vinci, Van Gogh, Pablo
Picasso, Frida Kahlo, Andy Warhol, to even graffiti artist Banksy, can be found within art museums.
Ways of Seeing author John Berger writes, "When..we 'saw' the art of the past, we would situate
ourselves in history. When we are prevented from seeing it, we are being deprived of the history
which belongs to us" (Berger, p.11). Berger notes that when one views a piece of art, they "situate"
themselves in different interpretations on the significance and/or message it holds (conveys). ...
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and KB Home (The Broad: Eli and Edythe Broad). Although a businessman, Mr. Broad along with
his wife Edythe, began The Broad Art Foundation in 1984, which now contains over 2,000 works of
art varying from 200 artists. As devoted philanthropists, the Broad's have provided " over 500
museums and university galleries worldwide with more than 8,000 loans of work" (The Broad: Eli
and Edythe Broad). It is said that the Broad Foundation does not limit access to who is able to see
art or visit an art museum itself, yet, with a network of $2.6 billion solely within its two foundations,
The Eli and Edythe Broad Foundation and The Broad Art Foundation, alludes the mystification of
being solely associated with those of a higher class. Furthermore, their expansive wealth places
them above most within the state of California with Eli being is the richest man alive in California
with an overall network of 7.7 billion (Forbes). Thus, by naming the museum after themselves, the
importance of who they are and how much wealth there name holds, adds to the mystification of art

Art History: Race, Class, Genderity
Art History has its time where the focus is upon Europe. High art, as painting, sculpture and
architecture is rich in these regions and it was not until post–modern times where art historians
started to open the horizons and practice it not only in multiple places of the world but focusing in
different issues. Race, class, gender and sexuality were issues that were explored after art historians
examined multinational perspectives of art. It is important to evaluate artwork of different cultures
because it enlarges the artistic vision and it brings new perspectives into the study of arts. Historical
and cultural contexts differentiate from regions and they influence the society, it creates major
differences between people from one side of

Effect Of Religion In Art History
Cause and Effect of Religion in Art History
Ryan Hernandez
Lamar Community College Abstract
Religion is everywhere and it has made its impact on human life. It has changed the way humans
think, act, and live. Artists during the renaissance era gravitated to do more paintings about their
own beliefs. This paper will explain how different artists have different beliefs and different ways of
expressing themselves.
Finding what is important is significant to artists and architects. Religion became very important to
people all over the world, including artists and architects. Around the year A.D. 33, Jesus Christ
died. The teachings of Christ established Christian religion. Christianity spread and it made a
gigantic impact on Western ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
People all had to worship in a private home until the early fourth century A.D. Constantine made
Christianity legally protected from persecution and it soon became the religion of the Roman
Empire. The large and fast growing Christian community needed new buildings to accommodate
them, so they started building Roman basilicas. The Roman basilica became the basis for architects
to design new churches. With Constantine's support, many churches were constructed throughout
the Roman Empire. Christianity also inspired centrally planned churches. These are round churches
that radiated around from a central point and was topped off with a dome. Christianity did not only
change religion, but it changed architecture as well. In the fifth century, emperor Justinian
recaptured the Roman Empire from Ostrogoths in A.D. 540. The Eastern Empire rose to political
and artistic importance under the rule of Justinian. Ravenna became the Italian center for his empire
because of its strategic location and it was an essential port for trade. The city is home to the San
Vitale church which was dedicated to Saint Vitalis. The church's exterior is faced with brick and the
inside is decorated with mosaics and marble. It also has amazing details in its interior

Personal Statement: Art History
My intended major is Art History. When I first took the Ancient–Medieval class in 2011, I was taken
back by all the historic beauty to be seen and stories, to be heard. When I met Terri McDermott, my
Western art professor, I became drawn even more so. I loved every lecture, assignment, exam, and
taking notes. Having become an outspoken student, I communicated to professor McDermott after
every class about comparisons between movements and artists. She quickly took notice of my
interest and motivated me to take on the next class. At this time, I started to believe I had found my
major so I set up an appointment to meet with a counselor to create my educational plan. From then
on I began checking off classes on the associates degree for transfer

Photography Art History
During the 1850s the photographic community pursued an increased activity to advance the
medium's claims as art. In England, France, Italy, Germany and the United States several societies
and publications were founded, such as the Photographic Society of London (now the Royal
Photographic Society) and the Societe Francaise de Photographie, established in 1853 and 1854
respectively, still in existence. Numerous professional publications such as La Lumiere in Paris, the
Photographic Journal in London, and others in Italy, Germany and the United States were at the
vanguard of discussions regarding photography as a legitimate art form, promoting spaces which
would included exhibitions of photography as well as painting.
At the beginning of 1862, an article published in the Photographic Journal, by an unknown author,
summed up the discussions over photography as art, stating: "the question is not whether
photography is fine art per se – neither painting nor sculpture can make that claim – but whether it is
capable of artistic expression; whether in the hands of a true artists its productions become works of
art." A French naturalist, Louis Figuier, also made an accurate observation in regards to photography
and fine arts: "Until now, the artist has had the brush, the pencil and the burin; now, in addition, he
has the photographic lens. The lens is an instrument like ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
At the beginning some problems arose in terms of classification, but photographers continued in
their attempt to have their images included in the fine arts sections of the expositions, despite the
indecision on the part of selection committees. However, exhibitions organized by the photographic
societies in the 1850s included a large amount of images that they displayed according to the
conventions of the academic painting salons, generating criticism in the press and eventual
repudiation in the late

Art History : Art Criticism
Jenessa Asch
Professor Caratzola
Art History 202
Term Paper Draft
Art History is the study of objects of art in their historical development and stylistic contexts. The
history of art, we feel, can sometimes be confused with art criticism. However, Art History is
concerned with finding the value of the artistic piece in respect with others in the same category of
art or movement, and art criticism is more of an evaluation of art. The art examined best represents
the culture during the time period, visions the artist imagined, and history behind an event. It also
represents society in a specific area, beliefs the people may have, writing that tells a story, the
natural world and environment, conflict between people and areas, and the human body. With these
representations, artwork overall represents the life in which we live (d). Each piece has its own
genre, design, format and style to it. This makes each piece extremely different, yet pleasing to the
eye. They also vary between paintings, sculptures and architecture. These different types also make
a variety of artwork to be seen by all people. The art pieces that I chose, Jar, Bottle and Glass by
Juan Gris, The Persistence of Memory by Salvador Dalí, and Starry Night by Vincent Van Gogh,
seemed interesting to me and I believe to best represent the context in which they were created,
along with the major artistic movements of the time. I went on to research them more thoroughly to
better understand the history behind them,

Art History: The Baroque Period
Art. Music, Science, & Society The painting by Caravaggio that the paper will discuss is "Medusa."
He painted it in 1595 making this painting early Baroque. Baroque painting is characterized by
serious drama, rich and deep colors. Baroque paintings also have intense lighting and contrast due to
the very dark shadows. Baroque art typically captures the most action packed point. Baroque artists
paint the most dramatic point of the stories they choose to tell or retell. Baroque art seeks to evoke
human emotions, specifically passion and not the calm feelings sought by Renaissance art. Medusa
was a Gorgon who was so hideous that she turned whomever looked directly at her into stone on the
spot. Medusa was decapitated by Perseus who then used her head as a weapon. He ultimately gave
Medusa's head to Athena for her to mount onto her shield.
Caravaggio chose to paint the moment after the decapitation is complete. Medusa's final expression
of horror is still on her face and even the snakes that are her hair are still mobile. Her eyes are wide
open as is her mouth. The blood from her neck is in mid–movement as well. The light is cast on the
right side of her face while the shadows across her left brow and left jaw are sharp. We cannot see
the area near her hairline (or snakeline) nor can we see her left ear. Her skin tone and blood are very
rich colors. The background is dark yet vivid and sets off the blood head sharply. Caravaggio does
an amazing job of painting light tones

Art History 21
1. Discuss the impact of photography on the nineteenth–century landscape. How did it affect
painting? What were the political implications of the medium? Use examples to support your essay.
Landscape painting was a particularly effective vehicle for allegory because it allowed artists to
make fictional subjects appear normal, conditioned, acceptable, or destined. Art was not just about
the landscape, it actually allowed the spirit of the painter to come alive in their work. The allegory
was for moral and spiritual concerns. The introduction to photography therefore impacted 19th
century landscape in a manner that was found to be unacceptable because personal intertwinement
of expression and emotion could not come from photography. ... Show more content on
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Constable is representing this environment in his canvas by portraying the oneness that once was
had with nature.
Bierstadt's canvas is the basis of manifest destiny of the United States. Albert Bierstadt furthermore
presented Romantic panoramic landscape views that also participated in the continuous exploration
of the individual's and the country's relationship to the land. He focused on identifying qualities that
rendered America unique, which was part of the manifest destiny. The sunrays attempting to break
through the clouds are further support of the manifest destiny suggesting the heavenly light shining
through on a portion of the land (uncultivated and wild) is awaiting the people. His canvas is
focused on the Western part of the country to create attention of the uniqueness of the regions that
need be discovered, that expansion throughout the country was the logical destiny for the United
States. The primary and most important difference between the underlining meaning of the two
pieces of art respective to their countries and environment is the building and destruction of
lifestyle. Constable's piece is brought upon by the environment lose many farmers faced at the time,
while Bierstadt expresses enthusiasm to build and create farm–life in new found lands of the United
States. Each piece, once brought together, represents both aspects of expansions, the losing and the

Art History: The Statue Of Gudea
INTRODUCTION
This essay is created to measure how well the writer master the material of week 1, Art History,
AHIST 1401. Unit 1 is about understanding the meaning of art, the role of art in mankind. This is
done by comparing two sculptures from different era and different culture. By completing this
assignment, the writer is expected to have mastered what art is for and what its importance is.
MATERIAL AND ITS SOURCE
The Statue of Gudea is a 44 cm tall diorite statue from Mesopotamia, circa 2090 B.C. The Royal
Acquaintances Memi and Sabu is a 62 cm tall limestone statue from Egypt, circa 2575–2465 B.C.
Geographically, there are both limestone and diorite mined in Ancient Egypt (Harrel). Diorite, a
granite rock spouted from volcano, is significantly harder mineral than limestone and it is very
difficult to make a sculpture out of it (King). Limestone, a sedimentary rock found in rivers and
seashore, is less hard and it has been used by mankind for ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Gudea placed these statues in each temple in Lagash that he rebuilt. The statue depicted a sitting
Gudea with his hands in a position for greeting and praying. The inscription on his robe lists the
name of each temples he rebuilt including the statue's name: 'Gudea, the man who built the temple;
may his life be long.' (The Met).
The Royal Acquaintances Memi and Sabu, just like the Statue of Gudea, was not the only statue
with such design ever sculpted. The Egyptian believed that the spirit of the deceased will use the
statue as a home in order to be able to enjoy the gifts of food from the human. The statue is usually
placed in a serdap, a hidden statue chamber nonroyal tomb chapels. At Giza pyramid, this statue was
found in nonroyal cemetary. Both the man and woman depicted in this statue is shown holding each
other, suggesting that the couple is a married couple (The

Government Funding In The History Of Public Art
Artists should be able to present their art in any way about anything. However government fundings
cause artists to lose their freedom with their artwork. Artists love to express their artwork freely and
show off their work. Art is everywhere and anyone can be a artist and no one should be able to take
away the freedom of art. Artists shouldn't be pressured by the government to make specific types of
art; artists express themselves and their art their own way.
Private fundings and programs for public art can sometimes change the way artists present their
artwork. In "The History of Public Art", public art work is made for people to view artworks for
free, and public artwork is funded by programs. Public art is sometimes used to raise funds ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In Source 2 it says, "Through government partnerships, public art can also transform dull or run–
down public spaces and inspire the people who live and work there." Government fundings allow
artists to use public art anywhere to inspire people. Art is then more available to many people.
Source 3 talks about how some of the architects of the government went to Pablo Picasso and asked
him to build a sculpture for the people. The architect goes to his house and provides him with gifts
and money so he can build the sculpture. With the government's help he was able to make the
sculpture and put it up. Also, the mayor had unwrapped this sculpture, as a gift, for the people to
see. Government fundings can help artists expand their artwork into bigger and popular

Relationship Between Art And History
When finding relations between the subjects we learned in school, there are many connections that
have become commonplace. For example, most people see the correlation between science and
math classes. But when examining the relationship between art and history they discuss how history
has influenced art rather than the influence art has had over history. When examining historical
events such as the First World War, there is no way to ignore the fact that art is always influenced by
history in some way, either on a personal or national level. But in the case of World War I the
development of new art forms altered how ideological images could be portrayed to the public.
Images that are fed to the community often influence the outcome of historical events as they can
cause a sense of complacency of inspire revolutionary acts. One of the seemingly more valid
arguments that is presented when discussing this relationship between art and history is that history
is one of the main influencers over art. This can be seen through direct historical references in works
such as () that show symbols of the conflict at hand, relating the piece to the time period itself.
People are also more likely to accept the idea that history influences art because of what they're
taught in school. There are higher level class in the AP and International Baccalaureate realm that
have dedicated their curriculum to the prospects of art history. But in order for the artists message to
be properly

Greek Art History
Chapter 15 primarily includes insightful information about the earliest art all the way through to the
Bronze Age. Art history is a very unique type of history because it allows for people to visualize
earlier life and how our ancestors survived, perceived themselves and their surroundings during
different time periods. This art comes from different eras and locations such as the Paleolithic
Period, Neolithic Period, early civilization, Mesopotamia, and Egypt. Beginning somewhere around
2 million years prior to today, early hominids, in east–central Africa, crafted the first ever tools that
could be used to cut and shape stone. These primitive tools were later refined and developed into
sharp objects for cutting and refined blades for chopping. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
These deserts also kept outside architecture away and allowed for the Egyptians to develop their
own, very unique, methods of building. The greatest works of Egyptian civilization are the Great
Pyramids, which are comparable to the size of mountains and severed as tombs for fallen Pharaohs.
It was a common belief in Egypt that in order for someone to reach the afterlife, their body on Earth
had to be preserved and taken care of with respect. All bodies were embalmed as quickly as possible
and then were buried in their tomb to rest for all eternity. Inside these pyramids and tombs,
architects spent a great deal of time and effort building false hallways and walls in an effort to keep
people from reaching the actual resting place of the deceased. We were finally able to get a better
understanding as to why architects tried to keep people from reaching the tombs and why grave
robbers were so active when we discovered the Tomb of Tutankhamen. Tutankhamen, also known
as King Tut, died at the age of 18 and is so well documented because his tomb was discovered in
modern times with most of his valuables left inside. Another tomb that has taught us a great amount
about ancient Egypt is the Tomb of Nebamun. In this tomb there is a wall painting in which the
artist applied such attention to detail that were are able to figure out what plants

Art Therapy History
Six months ago a new record was made for the most–expensive work of art sold at an auction. A
painting crafted by Pablo Picasso was sold in New York City for almost 180 million dollars. This
masterpiece was crafted by an "artistic genius" that has impacted almost every field of art that we
currently practice. He famously said, "Art washes from the soul the dust of everyday life" (Voorhies,
2015). If this is true, and art does have an impact on our very soul, it is essential for us to educate
ourselves on the topic that this paper will be focusing on, which is Art Therapy. Using scholarly
sources this paper will discuss how to integrating art therapy into the Christian faith, define and give
history on Art Therapy, ask, and answer the question ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
From the 1940's to the 1960's this form of therapy grew immesnly in the United States. In the 1960's
art therapy was "an idea whose time had come" (Junge, 2010). All the hype did not last long. In the
1970's a split between the once unified body of art therapists was seen. Two lines of thinking came
about. The first was "art as therapy" and the second was "art as psychotherapy." The first focuses on
the results during the actual process, while the second focuses on the knowledge learned from the
process. This split still continues and can even be seen in the original definition given by the
American Association of Art Therapy. Now that a definition and background of art therapy has been
given, deeper questions can be asked, such as, "Is art therapy effective?" Art therapy is hard topic to
find direct research on, however art therapy deals primarily with the impact that images have on us.
This is a main idea that is agreed upon by almost all art therapists, and is a topic that is widely
researched. The first study will deal directly with images and a person health, and the second two
are a little more vague. They both deal with our visual expressions (such as a smile) and how that
impacts

Feminism and Art History
The history of mankind has often been captured in snapshots between the rise and fall of great
leaders and civilizations, by artists all with a common dream of portraying what they saw during
their times. Ideologies reflective of their societies were depicted through sculptures, frescoes,
pottery, paintings, and many other methods. Many of these principals were created, celebrated, and
popularized by constituents of societies where andocentric values were applied not only to social
and political mores, but also to the various art forms as the male body was cherished and praised
and the female body was hidden away from public view. The book Feminism and Art History:
Questioning the Litany edited by Norma Broude and Mary D. Garrad, strives ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Kampen concludes by discussing how the image of women portrayed the idealistic views of women
as caretakers who stayed at home , and works of art supported this by depicting women as "
mythological or entertaining, or as an adjunct to the patron's own status; otherwise she might not
appear." (pg. 74) The author believes that the artists were in denial of the experiences of working
women and that's why the views of working women were limited. The visual portrayals of gender
and status in Roman society stand as a bridge linking the work of art and the work of society
together as one. The final chapter that I read was one I found extremely conflictant and interesting
because not only did we touch on some of these topics in class, but when I visited the Metropolitan
Museum I actually had some of the same issues with the works I saw there. Eve and Mary:
Conflicting Images of Medieval Woman by Henry Kraus, was by far one of the more fascinating
chapters and discussed the distorted views of women as vessels that the Devil could use to entrap a
man and cause him to fall from God's grace, during medieval times and reinforced by the Catholic
Church. Monasteries were places that men could go and abstain from worldly pleasures, proving
their dedication to God and refraining from anything that could cause them to sin either physically,
emotionally, and especially spiritually. During the fourteenth century,

Art History Research Paper
Written language can change and can be forgotten but art will always stay constant, you can destroy
people and their way of life but if art is preserved the way they lived their lives it will tell their story.
Missing or stolen art has had a big impact on the world of art. There are many types of art that have
been stolen; paintings, sculptures, jewelry, photography, and written artifacts. There are many
questions on whether art is important to the preservation to a culture such as;
1) How does this piece of art/artifact or its artist deepen the understanding of the culture, political,
and historical time it was created?
2) Examine the people and or goals (the bad guys) whose actions result in the devastating
consequences for both people and treasures that have been taken.
3) ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
4) Do individuals have the right to keep great works of art/artifacts for themselves or do they have
the responsibility to share it with the world?
Understanding how important art is to a culture can help people better comprehend the effects it has
on the preservation of a society. Learning that art is a form of history can open a whole new world
of opportunities for people to more deeply understand how people in history lived. People are
always going to try to destroy art and to keep it all for themselves, this is where the age long
question comes into play. Is art worth a life? Art is in a section all its own it is not as important as
gold or silver the eyes of most people but in the eyes of some it is more precious than the most
valuable of diamonds. How does this piece of art/artifact or its artist deepen the understanding of the
culture, political, and historical time it was

History of Dance in Art
Dance, Music, and Performance
"The Joy of Life"
Introduction
In the nineteenth century some of the greatest innovations come from artists who strove to discover
if art could work on the same level as music. I have decided to research the relationship between art,
dance, and music. The interpretation of dance and music in art continually developed during the
twentieth century. Firstly dance as a subject matter, drawn narratively and may have a symbolic
meaning. This then moved on to dance interpreted emotionally. Thirdly music and dance can be
interpreted abstractly. Endell's hypothesis (Fig.1) shows this idea of art working abstractly. Arshile
Gorky describes abstraction as "allowing man to see with his mind what he cannot ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
It was compiled by an assistant covering sheets of paper with flat, brilliantly hued gouache. He then
directed his assistants to place the gouache precisely on the images to make the composition.
A great advantage of this technique was that it let Matisse experiment with the composition. It
solved Matisse's problems of form and space, outline and colour, structure and orchestration that
Matisse had always sought to harmonize. It also allowed him to pay full attention to the importance
of line rhythms and form which in the past he had to sacrifice to colours and tonal relations. Matisse
said, it "allowed me to seek a new means of expression" which Matisse believed had "beneficent
radiation". Robert Hughes says of Matisse's use of brilliant, luminous, glowing colour of having
"power to heal"
Matisse's technique was neither cubist (such from the Synthetic collage phase during the period of
1911–16) nor abstract, although they are treated as musical compositions, much in the way that
Kandinsky produced in his series of improvisations. Matisse described his works as "improvisations
in colour and rhythm" like those of Louis Armstrong. Jazz music was a big influence in his
découpages. Matisse believed that "when I put colours together they have to join in a living chord or
harmony of colour, like a musical chord or harmony". "Jazz" album (published in 1947) was one of
the first extraordinary results of découpages technique. It

Baroque Art History Research Paper
Heads will Roll Depiction of Decapitation in the Baroque Art History If you consider yourself
squeamish or become unsettled easily, this exhibition is not for you. But, if you are curious and find
insight in the strange you may want to consider this exhibit. It has the possibility of unnerving you.
The topic of this focus exhibition is the depiction of decapitation in Baroque Art History. The one
and only thing that makes art art is intention. Thus, art is not required to be happy, pretty or
beautiful in order to be art. I chose this topic because not all art can be characterized as pretty,
beautiful, nor happy. Some people will want to look away and call these works grotesque,
monstrous, or disgraceful. However, they are missing out on something ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
According to Mieke Bal, the "beautifully shaped splinters of light...simultaneously enhance the
physical and psychic credibility of the gruesome beheading scene while providing the viewer with
some relief from it" (72, Bal). Above the chaos, four putti pull the curtains to create a spotlight that
showers Judith in light. Judith, a "Jewish patriotic heroine" is an "example of virtue overcoming
vice" (Hall, 181). Inversely, as Holofernes struggles against Judith his right arm and face are pushed
into the shadows as he slips off the bed. Here Galle illustrates the contrast between the female
heroine and the "evil" male

Art History Research Paper
History is described as the timeline of events that can impact the future. History in turn influences
everything around us. One of the most influential pieces of our history is art. Art is known as "the
expression or application of creative skill that is in visual or physical form such as sculpture that is
appreciated for its beauty and emotional power from creating the piece"(Oxford press).Art has
different uses and means from different eras and times. Some eras in history use art for ritual means
and practices while other eras use art as a representation of their wealth and use it to underscore
their social class in society. Art is influenced by the point in time in which it was created. Because
of this pre colonial, 1920s, 1940s and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
From nineteen twenty to nineteen twenty–seven the overall population of america's wealth doubled
which helped push america into a consumer society. This meant that people had money to spare that
would be spent on clothes,cars, and other luxury items. The wealth in america also helped lots of
high art prices to be cheap. This allowed not only the upper class to attain art, but the lower class as
well. This caused a growth in art that was to be used for decorative means only . The transportation
of goods also allowed for globalization to occur. Globalization is the process of which industries
now have an influence in other communities. After this globalization and increase of transportation
occurred , it allowed for " different cultures to mix together allowing for an explosion of art deco in
the 1920s'" (Collins). Art deco is defined as a style of art that developed in italy after ww1 and
moved to america in the 1920s. " art deco was derived from the geometric forms of cubism"
(Collins), that was considered one of the most influential art movement of the twentieth century.
This influence of cubism caused the Art Deco to be sleek, with Angular , simple shapes. Art deco in
america was first seen at a chicago tribune headquarters in 1922. The newspaper company had sent
out a competition to acquire new designs for their headquarters. A man named Eliel saarinen
submitted an art deco design that won second place. Even though Eliel didn't win the winner
Raymond Hood combined his gothic styled architecture and Eliel's art deco to improve his design.
After Art Deco was introduced , the gothic, Deco style became widely popular. This caused building
such as the Chrysler building , and luxury cars to be modeled after it. Art Deco also continued
through the economic downturn that occurred in 1929. The Great Depression lasted for several years
and was one of the poorest times

Essay on Art Criticism and Art History
Art criticism and Art History
Case Study: The use of assemblage and the found object in historical and contemporary art practice.
The origins of the practice of assemblage can be traced back to its early twentieth century roots
based on ideas presented by Dadaists. The Dada movement was a literary and artistic movement
during the First World War and further developed as a non–art movement. The main idea of Dada
was to not follow a uniform rule of what an artwork entails in order to be valued. This movement
was significant in the development and history of art as it challenged society with new ideas
therefore provoking change in our perspective of what can be classified as aesthetically pleasing and
all the possibilities of what art ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Duchamp's works are both seen as postmodern as they use postmodern conventions such as
appropriation and parody (as seen in L.H.O.O.Q) and recontextualisation in 'Fountain' (above).
* * * * * * * * * * *
The re–emergence of the found object in pop art was significant in the development of the history of
art as it reinforced previous ideas presented by the Dada artists of aesthetics and of what society will
accept as an artistic work.
The re–emergence of the found object in pop art looked at artworks using contemporary theories
and knowledge that were established in the 1980s to challenge traditional and modernist ideas,
which was exactly the aim of the Dadaists. It is due to the challenging of contemporary perceptions
of art in which the found object would be considered a postmodern practice in its time.
Found art (also known as Ready–mades) is a description of art created by modified and undisguised
objects that are not considered art for the main reason of their non–art function. The art created by
these found objects convey meaning through their context, assemblage/composition and by the
artists intention and approaches taken to montage pieces together.
The use of assemblage and the found object in Pop Art practice became an artistic trend and is
exemplified by Robert Rauschenberg where he combines installations with the assemblage of large
physical objects and commercial photography to form 'Combine' in 1963. Rauschenberg

Chip Murray Art History Summary
Phip Murray's art history writing, through which her lecture manifests, highlights a key concern for
the advocacy of an early settler, Marcus Clarke's, writing. In speaking through his work, she begins
to deconstruct her approach in analysing art history, or more specifically art history writing.
Unassuming, Murray eases the audience into the content of the lecture. She begins with general
interests sited across her writing. Enthused by the specificity of a place, culture and society at a
point in time, she unpacks how she translates a history to an audience who have experienced a
society and culture that is dissimilar in its respective displacement of time. Murray points to the use
of 'texture' in her writing as a gesture used to the forge authenticity of a place in history. To the
audience, it conveys an understanding that is closer to one of experience than scholarly. To Murray,
'texture' exposes readers to the voice and words, extracted from and specific to a place and society
in an attempt to guide a nuanced understanding at that point in history. An accent that has evolved
over time or specific to a class, a quote, an object or words that were common place, now seldom
heard of, are a powerful tool in Murray's writing to communicate what otherwise cannot be
expressed. These moments, extracted from history, are inevitably experienced in the research of an
art history writer. For the purpose of the reader, Murray intends to carry through key moments as
what she describes 'capsules' of history in her writing. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Usually moving through a consecutive unfolding of thoughts or events, she locates a point in history
for her audience methodically. This is consistent with the structure of her verbal presentation,
ensuring the audience is well informed at each turn in the

Dana Schutz Controversies In Art History
Over the past years throughout America's history, there have been many controversies based off of
artwork done by outstanding artists. One of Dana Schutz's artworks called " Open Casket," sparked
a huge debate last year in 2017. This artwork was created based on a little boy named Emmett Till,
who was murdered in 1955 by two white males due to a false accusation. Schutz was inspired by a
photograph that was taken of Emmett Till on the day of his funeral, laying down in his coffin. This
painting was on display in The Whitney Museum, one of the most famous museums located in New
York City. Once displayed in The Whitney Museum it arose many controversies between many
other artists. Some people demanded the complete removal of Dana Schutz artwork ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Open Casket painting made by Dana Schutz was one out of many different art pieces that were
included in the Whitney Museum exhibition, which led to protests and controversies. Many people
have found this portrait of Emmett Till disrespectful to his memory, and think that she's using
Emmett's death as a way to make money. However, Schutz declared from the beginning, that her
work wasn't for sale. Other individuals believe that because Dana Schutz's nationality is white, she
doesn't have the right to make a drawing of an African American. Instead of dividing artists by the
color of their skin, people should utilize this artistic work as a way to engage in moral discussion as
opposed to censorship or destruction of an artwork. It's wrong for a person to say that a subject
should be off–limits to some creators because of their race. Parker Bright, an artist who assisted the
exhibition, stood in front of Dana Schutz's painting, and wore a t–shirt with a phrase that said
"Black Death Spectacle." Bright felt as if Schutz's painting isn't doing any justice, and that she
doesn't have the privilege to speak for African Americans. Moreover, a writer named Hannah Black
wrote a letter to the Whitney exhibition curators demanding that the painting must be destroyed
entirely. Furthermore, many media outlets received an email supposedly written by Dana Schutz
requesting her portrait to be removed from the Whitney Museum, but it turned out to be

Survey of Art History
Survey of Art History II
Man Ray like many other artists did not care to have his personal life shown in his art. He wanted to
be viewed and recognized for his work which included sculptures, paintings, and photography. Man
Ray was mostly influenced by Stieglitz's photographs. Man Ray used a similar style to Stieglitz. He
captured images that created an unvarnished look at the photos' subject. Man Ray discovered a new
way to create his photos; by accident in his work room he discovered how to manipulate objects in
his photos on pieces of photosensitive paper. In the year 1914, at a seminal exhibition, Man Ray
introduced himself to African art. Man Ray did this at the Alfred Stieglitz 291 Gallery. Man Ray's
photograph Noire et Blanche became an icon for modern photography. Although this was his most
famous and widely known piece, Man Ray's less known work made a greater impact and influence
on African art. Photographs with African art pieces began to flourish greatly after Man Ray's break
through with his Noire et Blanche photograph. These photographs shed light on many day to day
issues such as: issues of race, identity, sex, separatism, and disenfranchisement. Noire et Blanche
shows Kiki –Man Ray's companion– with her eyes closed and her head sideways on a table in a
very relaxed manner. With her left hand, Kiki is holding, an African mask known as a Baule Gba
Gba mask. The mask is held straight above the table and right up next to her face. In this time, it
was

20th Century American Art History
Arts come in different aspects such as music, painting, sculpting, photography, and movies.
However, there is one unique piece of art at The National Gallery of Art in Washington DC that will
attract viewers for representing the history of one greatest city of America. This artwork is called
New York 1911 which created by a Columbus artist, George Bellows in 1911 after he moved to New
York. This artwork was done in a medium of oil and canvas with the dimension of 106.7 x 152.4 cm
(42 x 60 in.) The brushwork of this artwork is visible, bold, and thick. Bellows painted a realistic
scene of chaotic and busy state of the New York City from the 20th century. His utilization of space
on the canvas was thought out well that he was able to draw everything ... Show more content on
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Bellows used dark colors indicating that it was a cloudy day. In contrast, he used white color to
present a cold and snowy day. We can see the massive handmade structures of the buildings and
Skyscrapers. Some artworks have been drawn on buildings which represent business advertisement.
On the left side of the artwork, it appears that there is building on fire, or it might be coal which
used for a heating system that caused pollution. Also, it is difficult to point out where the sidewalks
are, and at the same time the streets seem to be chaotic as there are carriages, cargos, and people are
moving together at the same time. This art shows that everyone is busy conducting their business
with wagons carrying different goods. For example, a cart is carrying a significant amount of bricks
for construction purpose shows that it was in early days when New York city was undergoing
construction of building and skyscraper. Even with darkness about to cover city by huge buildings,
people were walking from one place to another or by use of horse or carts. Similarly, we can see
people moving quickly that the artist could not even stop to give their faces any detail, as to
highlight the rapidness in which they are moving. We can also see countless of people waiting on
the line to get into a trolley. At the bottom right, we can see people either trading or purchase goods
from a peddler. In the middle of the crowd, a police officer is trying to take control of the street.
Overall, this is a perfect example of how life in the heart of the city

Modern Art History
When I was five years old, my parents took me to the Louvre. Although I was not familiar with all
the famous European artists and how much the paintings valued, I was mesmerized by the animated
pictures on the wall. Standing before the painting, I felt an unspeakable pleasure permitted only to
god himself. From that moment, I knew I was destined to be an artist, just like them in the Louvre.
With the intense passion I had for arts, I kept digging the deeper level of artistic technique and
appreciation. Unfortunately, as I learnt more about art history and style, I could not resist a sense of
boredom. Now technology was developing at a rapid rate, but, in contrast, traditional arts became
more and more pale and powerless. However, in their time, artists like Da Vinci and Raphael were
superstars like Lady Gaga in our time. Just as Renaissance saved the art field once, I thought the art
world needed another revolution now more than ever. And I could feel the fire burning in my chest
and calling my destiny to lead. Combining modern technology with the artistic skills, Virtual Reality
filled every criterion I had for a new art type. It would draw enough attention because of its novelty
and in the same time maximize the value of art design. Excited by my groundbreaking idea, I started
to gather information about the working mechanism ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Honestly, I never thought we could make it happen but the unexpected success filled me with
energy. Others may sneeze at our work and point to the development of Virtual Reality in Silicon
Valley. However, as saw it, we were at a great start. With the mechanical engineering and computer
science courses provided by the world renowned professors and best students all over the world as
coworkers in Cornell University, I believe I am standing on the shoulder of giants. I am sure that
given the opportunity to develop myself at my dream school, I would fulfill all my ambition at
Cornell

The History Of Pop Art As An Art Movement
Pop Art is an art movement that started sometime during the 1950's and 60's, it is said that it
emerged first in the United Kingdom and slowly made its way to the United States. It incorporates
popular everyday symbols such as Disney, Coca–Cola, McDonalds or any other company
conglomerate. Before pop art, art was being held to some crazy standards such as that an art piece
had to be unique, one of a kind ,deeply contemplative or philosophical; however, people argued that
this made art highly elitist and inaccessible to the masses. America during the 1950's was in an era
where film, television, advertisements and mass produced imagery on magazines, comic books and
news stands which allowed for these images to be burned into the collective conscious minds of
your average American because of these media. The American culture undoubtedly began to be
shaped by celebrities, consumer products and huge corporate brands. Artists of this time recognized
this trend and wanted to reflect this newly developed reality and began to highlight the mass
production and sensational nature of the mainstream media. Take the famous pop art artists himself,
Andy Warhol, for example, making multiple copies of the same photograph over and over or Claes
Oldenburg's overt larger than life depictions of decadence and food consumption. Whether these
artists did it intentionally or not, they called into question many of the established values of art. Pop
artists also brought attention to how other

A Student Of Art History Survey
As a student of Art History Survey I, I need to complete a museum paper. I wondered if this paper is
really a necessary assignment. I did not think of this paper as an assignment, but it as an opportunity
to discover and experience great works of art which are certainly more dynamic and realistic than
what I learned in the textbook. For my trip, I decided to visit the Dallas Museum of Art, one of the
largest art museums in Texas. This museum is a valuable place where I can be immersed in the vast
world of art. For the first time I came here, I was really surprised by its enormous space as well as
how it organized the different works of art from different cultures. Therefore, it was not hard to find
four different works of art which I was definitely impressed, and I picked four works of arts from
four cultures: Chinese, Greek, Indian, and Egyptian. When walking through these fascinating
exhibits, I truly enjoyed my time with them, and this trip will surely be one of the most memorable
trip I have ever done. 1. Figure "Pair of Lokapala," China, 618–907 CE This figure "Pair of
Lokapala," which was made of ceramic, came from China– a visual art. The first time I saw it, I
could not stop staring at it because of its colorful and detailed decoration. This work of art depicted
the heavenly guardians who would destroy devils and protect human peace. Both guardians have
many similarities, like their arms are up, and their hands may be holding a weapon. They wear
magnificent armor and

Art History Graduate Study
I recently attended a collection preview and donor reception in honor of the National Museum of
African American History and Culture's grand opening. I was invigorated by the museum's use of
cultural objects to narrate a people's history. Attending this event only reaffirmed my passion for
using art and material culture to inform new insights. Studying the history of art is a great way to
explore the intersectionalities between art, culture, and identity. At Williams College, I aim to delve
further in my academic pursuits and exploration through the graduate program in Art History.
Past experiences influenced my decision to pursue art history, both academically and professionally.
My undergraduate studies in Art History and Visual Arts first ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
During my time in the program, I realized that my ultimate career objective required a stronger
focus on the art itself rather than the theory and practice of museum operation. Through attending
the Art History graduate program at Williams, I aim to understand how previous art periods
influence recent works through its cultural or historical references. After reviewing your faculty's
areas of concentration, I am confident that I will receive a comprehensive education, learning to
analyze art and material culture from various perspectives.
Ultimately, I want to work towards extending the definition of "art history canon" and promote
further understanding of other cultures. Matriculating into the Art History graduate program at
Williams will allow me to assess the intersectionalities that stem from culture, identity, and artistic
creation – using contemporary art and non–Western art as my initial reference points. The
knowledge I obtain, and contribute, during the program will provide me with a solid base on which I
can continue my academic pursuits at the doctorate level and eventually apply this knowledge in a
curatorial or professorial capacity. I wholeheartedly believe that attending the Williams College Art
History graduate program will equip me with the academic and professional skills I need to succeed
and create a lasting impact in the art history realm.
Thank you for your time and

Pop Art History
"Pop Art looks out into the world. It doesn't look like a painting of something, it looks like the thing
itself.", Roy Lichtenstein. This quote genuinely shows the essence of Pop Art and how Pop Art
became a whole different breed of art. Pop Art came like a thunderstorm taking over the globe in the
late 50's and the early 60's and has continued to be a staple in the world of art. Pop Art has played a
massive part in art history and in history in general. The aim for this paper is to inform audiences
about Pop Art by exploring how Pop Art was formed, why it was even started, and to tell you about
some artists who truly shaped Pop Art. Roy Lichtenstein once said, "Art doesn't transform. It just
plain forms" (Wolf). In 1952 a hand full of artists who called themselves the "independent group"
met up in London, England. Some members of the group included Edourdo Paolozzi, Richard
Hamilton, Alison and Peter Smithson, Lawrence Alloway, and Reyner Banham. They began to meet
up on a regular basis to discuss topics including mass culture's grip on the fine arts, the found
object, and science and technology. Since the British were still trying to recover from the trying
times of WWII they ended up resorting to fantasies of America and the "lavish" American culture.
Soon the "independent group" was looking into the idea of a commercial character. Many of them
questioned this thought and began to wonder if the idea would ever take off. However most began to
grow passionate about the

Cave Art History
Many different types of art and architecture have been produced in the ancient times ranging from
cave art in Paleolithic times to Stonehenge to painted terracotta plaques and many more. During the
Paleolithic Culture ca. 7 million–10,000 B.C.E. homids lived and what resulted was cave art. "The
most recent of these discoveries was made at the El Castillo cave in northwestern Spain, where
painted disks, clublike symbols, and hundreds of handprints, at least 37,000 years old, appear to be
the world's oldest known wall–paintings." This form of art seems child like, but in reality for the
time period its surprising homids were doing anything other than trying to survive. Cave art was
painted with polychrome mineral pigments and coal. From ca. 10,000–4,000 ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
during the Neolithic culture one architerual phenomenom occurred and that is Stonehenge on
Salisbury Plain in Wiltshire , England ca. 3,000–1,800 B.C.E. Stonehenge is a circle–ish grouping
of huge stones with the tallest at 22 feet some weighing 25–50 tons; its diameter is 97 feet. It is said
that Stonehenge was used as a ceremonial center; these people must have been extremely hard
workers and very persistent to be able to accomplish such architectural advancement at this time
with no real tools to do the job efficiently. Historians speculate that they used levers, ropes, and
piled logs to get these huge rocks where they needed to be. The Sumerians had lots of great art
work, but one extremely beautiful piece was the "Queen of Heaven," 1800–1750 B.C.E. a
Babylonian goddess. This is a painted terracotta plaque "scholars identified this winged figure as
Inanna (or Ishtar). She wears a horned headdress and holds the rod and ring of authority in each
hand. She stands on a pair of lions, symbols of power, and is flanked by owls, symbols of wisdom."
Art and thinking is getting more

The Female Gaze Of Art History
Paula St. Cyr
Erin Farrell, M.A. adjunct
ARTH 316 W1
December 10, 2016
The Female Gaze in Art History
Thesis: Women have come a long way alongside men in presenting art in various forms, but while
artistic expression has been based from the male perspective and sexuality, female artists are
becoming more outspoken in their art forms challenging viewers to look beyond the physical form
and go deeper into its meaning. Down through the historical years of art the human body has been
the subject of intrigue and delight. While the display of the nude body has always bought about
controversy for one reason or another, the controversy is only as it applies to the female nude. Not
too much is ever focused on the nude body part of men, but female nudity causes quite the stir,
especially from male viewers. As I delve into this art form of female gaze, it might be helpful to
take a look at the male gaze as it applies to substantiating the female gaze. The notion of the male
gaze has both a literal and a figurative component. Literally the gaze is male when it involves looks
from the male species as a spectator or a participant in the work itself. Figuratively the male gaze is
often involving a female as the object. In Laura Mulvey 's words, man is the bearer of the gaze,
woman its object. Laura Mulvey, Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema" (1975). An
underprivileged object I might add. In my opinion male and female gaze is not just about the
features within artistry, but

Art History Study Guide
Periods and their Artists * Chapter 3 Egypt * Old Kingdom (2700–2190 BCE) * Imhotep – Stepped
Pyramid of Djoser * Chapter 5 Ancient Greece * Archaic (600–480 BCE) * Andokides Painter –
Achilles and Ajax * Ergotimos –[and Kleitius] Fracois Vase * Euphronios –Death of Sarpedon *
Exekias –Achilles and Ajax; Suicide of Ajax; Dionysis in a Boat * Polykleitos –Doryphoros *
Classical (480–320 BCE) * Kalikrates –Temple of Athena Nike; [ and Iktinos] Parthenon * Lysippos
–Apoxyomenos * Mnesikles –Propylaia, Erechtheion[Porch of the Maidens] * Myron –Diskobolos
* Phidias –Acropolis; 3 Seated Goddesses E. Ped. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
James Led to Execution; Dead Christ * Masaccio –Tribute Money/ Expulsion in the [and Masolono,
Filippino Lippi] Brancacci Chapel; Trinity with Virgin, St. John the Evangelist, and Donors *
Michelozzo –Palazzo Medici Ricardi * Perugino –Delivery of the Keys to St. Peter, Sistine Chapel *
Pollaiuolo –Hercules and Antaeus; Battle of the Ten Nudes * Robbia, Luca della –Madonna and
Child with Lilies, Orsanmichele * Rosselino –Tomb of Leonardo Bruni, Santa Croce * Signorelli –
Damned Cast into Hell * Uccello –Battle of San Romano * Verrocchio –David; Bartolommeo
Colleoni * Chapter 22 Italy (16th century) * High Renaissance (1500–1550) * Bellini, Giovanni –
San Zaccaria Altarpiece; [and Titian] Feast of the Gods * Bramante –St. Peter's, Rome; Tempieto *
Correggio –Assumption * Da Vinci –Virgin (Madonna) of the Rocks; Virgin and Child with St.
Anne and Infant St. John; Last Supper, Refectory; Mona Lisa * del Sarto, Andrea –Madonna of the
Harpies * Giorgione –Pastoral Symphony; The Tempest * Michelangelo –Pieta/Dome, St. Peter's,
Rome; Bacchus; David; Moses, tomb of Julius II; Bound Slave; Prisoner; Sistine Chapel Ceiling:
Creation of Adam, Creation of Eve, Temptation, Expulsion, Erythraean Sibyl, Prophet Jeremiah,
Last Judgment; Dani Tondo (aka Holy Family); Tomb of

Art And Literature : The History Of Art Vs. Literature
Though it's all around us, sometimes it's easy to forget that art and literature does so much for
society. They are, as some would argue, the things that make humans, well, human. Both art and
literature have an ability to capture the imagination in ways that are mystifying. They preserve the
past, shape the present, and predict the future. They affect the mind in amazing ways. Art makes it
easy to realize that, though the world we have lived in has changed and is very much different from
what it used to be, humans have always been drawn to certain images. Often these are the things that
the human mind is genuinely fascinated about. Though setting, materials, and artists change;
pictures of children, beautiful women, pets, and pretty ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to National Geographic's Chip Walter "The greatest innovation in the history of
humankind was neither the stone tool nor the steel sword, but the invention of symbolic expression
by the first artists." This is because it can tell us so much about what the ages before where like,
those first few that decided to mark things down, helped to create the world that is known today.
People choose to continue to do this because art simply lasts more than most things. It lasts longer
than a good meal, or a city, heck, it even lasts longer than the human mind itself. Before
photography, people would carry little paintings around of the people and things they loved. Just
normal people that someone loved enough to have painted. That is the beauty of it, long after we are
gone, people may see paintings of photos of the faces of today, and be able to connect with them.
Art causes thinking; It makes you realize that sometimes the simplest things once meant enough to
somebody they cared to paint, draw, photograph, or make it so that others can have a chance of
sharing in admiration of it. It is an insight into what the artist was trying to say. It is safe to say that
no matter what the subject matter is, the artist is always trying to make the audience, or maybe even
themself for that matter, feel something. Art shows some of the rawest possible human emotions in a
physical form.

Photography Altered Art History
Lynn Huynh
Final Paper
1: How did the development of photography alter the course of art history? What observable
changes did it make to art? How does the argument over whether photography is art or science fit
into art history during the 20th century?
The development of photography altered the course of art history in many ways, it revolutionized
artistic styles and critical thinking about the function and role of art. Instead of trying to copy
reality, which photography could do much better, artists seek to find new ways to present their ideas,
they experimented with color, lighting, mass and form. By careful selection and alteration of visual
material, the artists had the ability to emphasize, intensify or simplify their subject matters. ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Documentary photography was used to construct narratives and to travel to document the others.
The use of text and image in documentary photography became a key to create meaning in the
photographs which would engage the audience in social and political issues. In the United States,
photographers like Timothy O'Sullivan traveled on western expeditions surveying America's
landscape and natural resources for future settlement and economic exploitation, fulfilling the
mission of manifest destiny. O'Sullivan had gotten his start photographing the Civil War. His
photographs of the Civil War, such as A Harvest of Death, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, 1863 (Fig. 22–
52), carry with them predominant cultural values. The landscape was thus inscribed with current
ideas about progress, such as the landscape of the Western United States, White House Ruins,
Canyon de Chelly National Monument, 1873. O'Sullivan's photographs circulated in presentation
albums amongst government officials, but to the general public primarily as prints and

Land Art History
When it emerged in the sixties among the crush of several other art movements (Pop Art,
Minimalism, among others) Land Art came to be an anti–gallery artistic offshoot that straddled the
domain between architecture and sculpture. It had no manifestos nor schools nor leaders and it was
not quite a movement; the artists who were involved with it were also involved in other types of
arts. Land art was labelled as modern 'sculpture' but its versatility and introduction of new concepts
and visual materials made it difficult to ascribe it to one field or term. Later on, the term "Earth
Works," coined by Robert Smithson came to use but Earth Works only refers to works that use earth
while Land Art is an all–encompassing umbrella that includes works ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Smithson's work Broken Circle & Spiral Hill is two different works situated near each other. It is
actually not in America but was commissioned for an exhibition in the Netherlands near Emmen.
Spiral Hill is an earth mound that coils clockwise unto itself, like a sleeping snake. When it was
completed it was just shaped earth but in current day it is covered in green grass. Situated nearby on
the edge of the shore and into the water is the Broken Circle; its site was actually a functioning sand
and gravel quarry which was filled with green water. Smithson played with the negative and positive
space in such a way that the broken circle whose alternating arms are shaped with white and yellow
sand, recalls the Chinese Yin Yang symbol. In the middle of the positive space half circle sits a
boulder and this is yet again another allusion to monumental works of the past, this one
appropriately native to Dutch lands. "Yet the center boulder in fact significantly expands the
associative levels of this work because it offers a direct tie to prehistory. . . . In the Bronze Age they
[this type of large rock] were used to make huge dolmens and

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